Article(id=1186982296302273109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)01-0076-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732032000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760928232502, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760928232502, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760928232502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928232502, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1186982287943021298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760928230509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928585419, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=76, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187102806507929643, articleId=1186982296302273109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Quenched-tempered Heat Treatment Process of Round Steel 30CrMoA for Sucker Rods, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the effects of different quenched-tempered heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 30CrMoA round steel for sucker rod are studied. The strength and toughness of the material are improved by adjusting the quenching and tempering temperatures as well as optimizing heat treatment process aiming at the actual application requirements of 30CrMoA steel. The experimental results showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, yield ratio and impact energy of the material could be significantly improved with proper quenching and tempering, especially under the conditions of 850 ℃ quenching(water cooling) +540 ℃ tempering (water cooling), the comprehensive mechanical properties of round steel 30CrMoA for sucker rod were the best, which was with good strength and toughness. The metallographic analysis showed that the quenched and tempered microstructure was mainly composed of tempered sorbite, which was with stable microstructure.

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文章研究了不同调质热处理工艺对30CrMoA抽油杆用圆钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。针对30CrMoA钢的实际应用要求,通过调节淬火温度和回火温度,优化热处理工艺,以提高材料的强度和韧性。试验结果表明,适当的调质处理能显著提高材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈强比和冲击功,尤其在850 ℃淬火(水冷)+540 ℃回火(水冷)条件下,30CrMoA抽油杆用圆钢表现出最佳的综合机械性能,具有良好的强度和韧性。金相分析显示调质后的显微组织主要由回火索氏体组成,结构稳定。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

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项目 C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
标准要求 0.26~0.33 0.17~0.37 0.40~0.70 0.80~1.10 0.15~0.25 ≤0.025 ≤0.020
成分 0.31 0.25 0.53 0.916 0.179 0.015 0.006
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化学成分(质量分数) %

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项目 C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
标准要求 0.26~0.33 0.17~0.37 0.40~0.70 0.80~1.10 0.15~0.25 ≤0.025 ≤0.020
成分 0.31 0.25 0.53 0.916 0.179 0.015 0.006
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编号 屈服强度
/MPa
抗拉强度
/MPa
延伸率
/%
面缩率
/%
1# 570 813 17.5 49
2# 568 804 19.1 48
3# 572 812 25.0 48
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热轧态成品拉伸试验结果

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编号 屈服强度
/MPa
抗拉强度
/MPa
延伸率
/%
面缩率
/%
1# 570 813 17.5 49
2# 568 804 19.1 48
3# 572 812 25.0 48
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编号 KU2/J
1# 50.9 57.8 50.9
2# 56.7 52.6 49.2
3# 52.1 52.9 47.2
4# 43.6 44.7 47.8
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热轧态成品冲击试验结果

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编号 KU2/J
1# 50.9 57.8 50.9
2# 56.7 52.6 49.2
3# 52.1 52.9 47.2
4# 43.6 44.7 47.8
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调质热处
理工艺
淬火 回火
温度/℃ 时间/min 温度/℃ 时间/min
1 880 40 500 80
2 880 40 540 80
3 880 40 600 80
4 850 40 540 80
5 850 40 500 80
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调质热处理工艺参数

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调质热处
理工艺
淬火 回火
温度/℃ 时间/min 温度/℃ 时间/min
1 880 40 500 80
2 880 40 540 80
3 880 40 600 80
4 850 40 540 80
5 850 40 500 80
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试样号 屈服强度
/MPa
抗拉强度
/MPa
延伸率
/%
面缩率
/%
1# 985 1 074 13.7 60
991 1 098 14.0 59
2# 1 060 1 157 13.0 58
1 078 1 169 12.5 59
3# 1 012 1 094 16.5 60
1 009 1 091 16.5 62
4# 1 072 1 157 15.0 61
1 070 1 164 14.5 61
5# 894 983 18.5 65
896 985 17.5 63
标准 ≥735 ≥930 ≥12 ≥50
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调质态30CrMoA拉伸试验结果

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试样号 屈服强度
/MPa
抗拉强度
/MPa
延伸率
/%
面缩率
/%
1# 985 1 074 13.7 60
991 1 098 14.0 59
2# 1 060 1 157 13.0 58
1 078 1 169 12.5 59
3# 1 012 1 094 16.5 60
1 009 1 091 16.5 62
4# 1 072 1 157 15.0 61
1 070 1 164 14.5 61
5# 894 983 18.5 65
896 985 17.5 63
标准 ≥735 ≥930 ≥12 ≥50
), ArticleFig(id=1187102879681757480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982296302273109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样号 KU2/J
1# 126.7 121.4 124.2
130.5 123.2 128.1
2# 116.6 120.7 108.4
113.8 113.8 114.2
3# 126.0 129.8 123.5
131.6 136.2 131.2
4# 110.0 110.4 112.1
115.9 118.3 114.8
5# 154.0 163.3 156.3
159.2 158.1 165.6
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调质态30CrMoA冲击试验结果

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试样号 KU2/J
1# 126.7 121.4 124.2
130.5 123.2 128.1
2# 116.6 120.7 108.4
113.8 113.8 114.2
3# 126.0 129.8 123.5
131.6 136.2 131.2
4# 110.0 110.4 112.1
115.9 118.3 114.8
5# 154.0 163.3 156.3
159.2 158.1 165.6
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抽油杆用圆钢30CrMoA调质热处理工艺研究
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张晓晨 , 赵美英 , 史文义 , 惠治国 , 赵晓敏 , 李学东 , 刘丽娟
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025,51(1): 76-80
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025, 51(1): 76-80
抽油杆用圆钢30CrMoA调质热处理工艺研究
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张晓晨, 赵美英, 史文义, 惠治国, 赵晓敏, 李学东, 刘丽娟
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张晓晨(1996-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事特钢产品研发工作。

Study on Quenched-tempered Heat Treatment Process of Round Steel 30CrMoA for Sucker Rods
Xiaochen Zhang, Meiying Zhao, Wenyi Shi, Zhiguo Hui, Xiaomin Zhao, Xuedong Li, Lijuan Liu
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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文章研究了不同调质热处理工艺对30CrMoA抽油杆用圆钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。针对30CrMoA钢的实际应用要求,通过调节淬火温度和回火温度,优化热处理工艺,以提高材料的强度和韧性。试验结果表明,适当的调质处理能显著提高材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈强比和冲击功,尤其在850 ℃淬火(水冷)+540 ℃回火(水冷)条件下,30CrMoA抽油杆用圆钢表现出最佳的综合机械性能,具有良好的强度和韧性。金相分析显示调质后的显微组织主要由回火索氏体组成,结构稳定。

调质热处理工艺  /  30CrMoA  /  抽油杆用圆钢  /  显微组织  /  力学性能

In this paper, the effects of different quenched-tempered heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 30CrMoA round steel for sucker rod are studied. The strength and toughness of the material are improved by adjusting the quenching and tempering temperatures as well as optimizing heat treatment process aiming at the actual application requirements of 30CrMoA steel. The experimental results showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, yield ratio and impact energy of the material could be significantly improved with proper quenching and tempering, especially under the conditions of 850 ℃ quenching(water cooling) +540 ℃ tempering (water cooling), the comprehensive mechanical properties of round steel 30CrMoA for sucker rod were the best, which was with good strength and toughness. The metallographic analysis showed that the quenched and tempered microstructure was mainly composed of tempered sorbite, which was with stable microstructure.

quenched-tempered heat treatment process  /  30CrMoA  /  round steel for sucker rod  /  microstructure  /  mechanical property
张晓晨, 赵美英, 史文义, 惠治国, 赵晓敏, 李学东, 刘丽娟. 抽油杆用圆钢30CrMoA调质热处理工艺研究. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 76 -80 .
Xiaochen Zhang, Meiying Zhao, Wenyi Shi, Zhiguo Hui, Xiaomin Zhao, Xuedong Li, Lijuan Liu. Study on Quenched-tempered Heat Treatment Process of Round Steel 30CrMoA for Sucker Rods[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 76 -80 .
石油作为现代工业的“血液”,在人类社会发展进程中扮演着不可替代的角色[1]。从能源供应角度看,石油是全球最主要的能源来源之一,为汽车、飞机、轮船等各类交通工具提供动力,保障人员与货物的高效运输。在工业领域,它是众多化工产品的基础原料,从塑料、橡胶到化纤、化肥,石油衍生品几乎渗透到生产、生活的每一个角落,支撑着现代工业体系的运转。在经济层面,石油价格的波动直接影响着全球经济的走势,是各国经济发展的重要风向标。从地缘政治角度看,石油资源分布不均,使其成为影响国际关系和地缘政治格局的关键因素。可以说,石油的稳定供应与合理利用,是维持现代社会正常运转和经济持续发展的根基[2]
在石油开采作业过程中,对于不能自喷的油井,通常采用各种类型的抽油泵把原油从油井中抽出。世界石油工业最传统的采油方式是有杆泵采油法,抽油杆是抽油机井的细长杆件,它上接光杆,下接抽油泵,起到动力传递的作用,作为石油工业的“三抽设备”之一,其原材料抽油杆用钢属于国家“十一五”规划鼓励发展的产品[3]。当前油田的现状是稠油井数量增多,油井开采深度增加,地质条件复杂,开采难度大。一般来说,抽油杆的长度为9 m,油井的深度都在千米以上,数支抽油杆连接在一起形成抽油杆柱,作业中抽油杆在交变载荷的作用下很容易发生断裂和破坏,导致失效。一旦抽油杆失效,不仅影响油井的正常生产,降低生产效率,而且会造成较大的经济损失,因此对抽油杆的服役性能提出了严苛要求,应有更髙的强度和更优异的韧性、塑性[4]
本文对抽油杆用圆钢30CrMoA进行常规的淬火和回火工艺优化,以期获得最优的力学性能。
试验材料取自轧钢厂生产的Φ19 mm 30CrMoA抽油杆用圆钢成品,化学成分见表1,热轧态成品力学性能和冲击性能见表2表3
在标准GB/T 26075—2019《抽油杆用圆钢》推荐的热处理制度基础上,选取不同的淬火温度和回火温度以及处理时间,淬火和回火介质为水,比较不同调质工艺下的试样力学性能,检测金相组织,找出综合性能最优的调质处理工艺指导用户生产。
试验选取的调质热处理工艺制度见表4。淬火温度选取2个温度,分别为880 ℃和850 ℃,保温时间均为40 min,与880 ℃淬火温度配合回火温度分别为600 ℃、540 ℃、500 ℃,保温时间均为80 min;与850 ℃淬火温度配合回火温度分别为540 ℃、500 ℃,保温时间均为80 min。
根据GB/T 2975—2018《钢及钢产品力学性能试验取样位置及试样制备》,分别制取材料调质态的拉伸试样、纵向夏比U型缺口冲击试样,加工成Φ10 mm的标准拉伸试样和10 mm×10 mm×55 mm的冲击试样。依照GB/T 229—2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》,采用JBD-300A冲击试验机进行室温冲击试验。依照GB/T 228.1—2018《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分 室温试验方法》,采用英斯特朗120T电液伺服拉伸试验机进行室温拉伸试验。制取调质态圆钢的金相试样,经粗磨、细磨、抛光及4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀后,采用蔡司Axiovert 5光学显微镜对其显微组织进行观察,采用蔡司Sigma 500扫描电镜对其冲击断口形貌进行分析。
对经过5种调质热处理后的试验钢进行2组平行的拉伸试验,测试时室温为28 ℃。30CrMoA试验钢调质态的拉伸性能如表5所示。
表5试验结果可以看出,试验材料经过调质热处理之后,屈服强度和抗拉强度显著提高,这意味着材料能承受更大的静态载荷而不发生明显的塑性变形和断裂。其中,850 ℃淬火+540 ℃回火调质处理的4#试样,强度、塑性匹配最佳。
对经过5种调质热处理后的试验钢进行2组冲击试验,每组测试3个平行试样,测试时的室温为27 ℃。30CrMoA试验钢调质态的冲击性能见表6
表6试验结果可以看出,试验材料经调质热处理后冲击功显著增大,表明材料韧性提高。
30CrMoA钢中加入0.80%~1.10%的Cr,在提高强度的同时会增加材料的回火脆性,通过添加0.15%~0.25%的Mo来抑制回火脆性,Cr与Mo的合理配合可保证材料良好的回火稳定性。30CrMoA钢经调质热处理后,各项力学性能明显改善,尤其是冲击性能改善效果更好。
(1)强度提高。抗拉强度和屈服强度显著提高,让材料能够承受更大的拉力而不发生变形或断裂,能有效防止材料在高负载下出现过度拉伸甚至破坏。
(2)屈强比提高。屈强比提高意味着材料的屈服强度更接近抗拉强度,这使得材料在从弹性变形过渡到塑性变形阶段更能有效发挥其强度优势,能在接近极限强度的工况下工作。
(3)韧性增强。冲击功的提高代表材料韧性变好,材料在受到瞬时冲击时,能够吸收更多的能量而不发生脆性断裂,有利于提高材料的抗冲击能力,增加使用寿命。
(4)综合性能改善。强度、塑性和韧性得到良好配合,这种综合性能的优化使材料可以用于多种复杂工况,在制造承受交变载荷、冲击载荷以及要求抗磨损的零部件时,能同时满足高强度和抗断裂的要求。
通过对显微组织的观察和分析,能够了解材料的微观结构特征,评估其性能并优化材料的设计。30CrMoA试验钢热轧态以及其调质热处理后试样的显微组织照片如图1所示。
从显微组织可以看出,热轧态30CrMoA试验钢显微组织为贝氏体+铁素体,而经过调质热处理之后试验钢的显微组织为回火索氏体,即铁素体基体上分布有均匀细粒状碳化物。这种组织的优势在于:①使材料兼具较高的强度和良好的韧性。它比正火后的组织更细小均匀,可以保证在工作过程中既不会因强度不够而产生过量变形,也不会因为韧性差而突然断裂。②尺寸稳定性高。由于组织结构稳定,在长期使用过程中或者在复杂的工况条件下,材料的尺寸变化极小,可以确保零件在使用期间保持精准的尺寸。③抗疲劳性能增强。稳定的回火索氏体结构有助于提高材料的抗疲劳性能。疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展在这种组织中会受到抑制,因为其均匀细小的组织特性使得应力集中现象得到缓解,能有效延长疲劳寿命。
断口的微观形貌特征是直接反映材料的组织状态对断裂过程影响的痕迹。30CrMoA试验钢调质热处理试样的冲击断口裂纹源形貌和断口扩展区形貌如图2所示。
图2可以看出,30CrMoA试验钢调质热处理试样的冲击断口呈韧窝形貌,韧窝周围有白色的撕裂棱,显示冲击断口为韧性断裂,这表明:①材料具有良好的韧性。韧窝形貌是韧性断裂的典型特征,这表明调质态30CrMoA试验钢在受到冲击时,通过微孔的形核、长大和聚合来吸收大量能量,有效防止材料发生脆性断裂,使材料在动态加载条件下依然能够保持较好的完整性。撕裂棱也是材料在断裂过程中发生塑性变形的迹象,它与韧窝一起证明材料在断裂时消耗了较多能量用于塑性变形,而非直接脆断,从而提高了材料对冲击能量的吸收能力,能够应对工作过程中可能出现的意外冲击。②抵抗裂纹扩展能力强。韧窝周围的撕裂棱可以起到阻碍裂纹扩展的作用。在裂纹扩展过程中,撕裂棱的存在使得裂纹扩展路径变得曲折,需要消耗更多能量继续扩展。对于长期使用的结构件,尤其是那些承受交变应力或者存在潜在疲劳裂纹的部件来说,可以有效延缓裂纹扩展速度,延长材料的使用寿命。③材料综合性能优越。这种断口特征暗示材料具有良好的综合力学性能,强度和韧性配合合理。因为只有在具备良好强韧性的基础上,材料才能在承受较大应力的时候,通过韧性变形来消耗能量,使材料在多种复杂工况中安全服股。
(1)抽油杆用圆钢30CrMoA在850 ℃淬火(水冷)+540 ℃回火(水冷)的调质热处理工艺下显示出最好的综合机械性能。
(2)调质热处理后,试验钢的显微组织为回火索氏体,结构稳定。
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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