Article(id=1186982294540665420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)01-0013-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760928232082, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760928232082, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760928232082, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928232082, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1186982287943021298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760928230509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928585419, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=13, endPage=19, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187102808407945914, articleId=1186982294540665420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development and Application Status of Beneficiation Technology Study of Baiyuneboite, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, it is introduced the development process and achievements of beneficiation technology study of baiyuneboite. The study and application situations of beneficiation technology of baiyuneboite are introduced from such three stages as focusing on iron, paying equal attention to iron and rare earth as well as comprehensive utilization of resources. Moreover, it is summarized the methods for improving grade and recovery rate of iron concentrate, current situations of beneficiation of rare earth oxide, achievements of beneficiation of fluorite as well as breakthrough of beneficiation technology of niobium mineral.

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文章介绍了白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究发展过程及取得的成果。从以铁为主、铁稀并重、资源综合利用三个阶段介绍了白云鄂博矿的选别工艺研究及应用情况。总结了提高铁精矿品位和回收率的方法、稀土氧化物选别现状、萤石选别成果及铌矿物选别技术突破等情况。

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陈宏超(1971-),男,河南省舞阳市人,高级工程师,现从事矿产资源综合利用产业化研究工作。

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陈宏超(1971-),男,河南省舞阳市人,高级工程师,现从事矿产资源综合利用产业化研究工作。

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陈宏超(1971-),男,河南省舞阳市人,高级工程师,现从事矿产资源综合利用产业化研究工作。

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项目 TFe Fe-磁铁矿 Fe-赤/褐铁矿 Fe-硅酸铁 Fe-黄铁矿 Fe-菱铁矿
焙烧前 54.35 4.50 47.15 2.00 0.10 0.60
焙烧后 55.65 52.40 0.30 2.46 0.09 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1187102955707707522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982294540665420, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

焙烧前、后铌精矿矿物物相分析(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 TFe Fe-磁铁矿 Fe-赤/褐铁矿 Fe-硅酸铁 Fe-黄铁矿 Fe-菱铁矿
焙烧前 54.35 4.50 47.15 2.00 0.10 0.60
焙烧后 55.65 52.40 0.30 2.46 0.09 0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1187102955816759427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982294540665420, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 TFe SiO2 P S F K2O Na2O CaO MgO TiO2 Zn BaO Sc2O3 Nb2O5 ThO2 REO Ig
焙烧后铌精矿3 9.05 18.62 0.11 0.096 1.28 0.17 2.88 2.93 1.40 14.87 0.012 0.70 0.060 13 14.35 1.10 11.63 0.42
焙烧后铌精矿2 10.3 19.02 0.11 0.101 1.48 0.18 2.94 2.93 1.58 15.30 0.012 0.71 0.061 58 13.23 0.97 10.36 0.46
焙烧后铌精矿1 18.4 16.47 0.095 0.080 1.53 0.15 2.45 2.60 1.26 14.07 0.012 0.63 0.053 03 12.41 0.84 9.74 0.41
焙烧前铌精矿 55.2 3.95 0.044 0.068 0.67 0.03 0.47 0.94 0.48 5.99 0.009 0.23 0.013 45 3.60 0.17 2.5 0.59
混合沉砂 9.8 37.79 0.8 0.58 5.83 0.33 3.94 13.49 0.66 0.62 0.013 1.79 0.025 11 0.25 0.015 3.52 8.18
), ArticleFig(id=1187102955892256900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982294540665420, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

铌精矿多元素分析及烧损(质量分数) %

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名称 TFe SiO2 P S F K2O Na2O CaO MgO TiO2 Zn BaO Sc2O3 Nb2O5 ThO2 REO Ig
焙烧后铌精矿3 9.05 18.62 0.11 0.096 1.28 0.17 2.88 2.93 1.40 14.87 0.012 0.70 0.060 13 14.35 1.10 11.63 0.42
焙烧后铌精矿2 10.3 19.02 0.11 0.101 1.48 0.18 2.94 2.93 1.58 15.30 0.012 0.71 0.061 58 13.23 0.97 10.36 0.46
焙烧后铌精矿1 18.4 16.47 0.095 0.080 1.53 0.15 2.45 2.60 1.26 14.07 0.012 0.63 0.053 03 12.41 0.84 9.74 0.41
焙烧前铌精矿 55.2 3.95 0.044 0.068 0.67 0.03 0.47 0.94 0.48 5.99 0.009 0.23 0.013 45 3.60 0.17 2.5 0.59
混合沉砂 9.8 37.79 0.8 0.58 5.83 0.33 3.94 13.49 0.66 0.62 0.013 1.79 0.025 11 0.25 0.015 3.52 8.18
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白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究发展及应用现状
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陈宏超 , 刘文丽 , 曾永杰 , 刘蓓 , 窦怀宝 , 王亮
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(1): 13-19
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(1): 13-19
白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究发展及应用现状
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陈宏超, 刘文丽, 曾永杰, 刘蓓, 窦怀宝, 王亮
作者信息
  • 包钢集团宝山矿业有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 陈宏超(1971-),男,河南省舞阳市人,高级工程师,现从事矿产资源综合利用产业化研究工作。

Development and Application Status of Beneficiation Technology Study of Baiyuneboite
Hongchao Chen, Wenli Liu, Yongjie Zeng, Bei Liu, Huaibao Dou, Liang Wang
Affiliations
  • Baotou Steel Group Baoshan Mining Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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文章介绍了白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究发展过程及取得的成果。从以铁为主、铁稀并重、资源综合利用三个阶段介绍了白云鄂博矿的选别工艺研究及应用情况。总结了提高铁精矿品位和回收率的方法、稀土氧化物选别现状、萤石选别成果及铌矿物选别技术突破等情况。

白云鄂博矿  /  资源特点  /  选别工艺  /  选铁  /  选稀土  /  选萤石  /  选铌

In this paper, it is introduced the development process and achievements of beneficiation technology study of baiyuneboite. The study and application situations of beneficiation technology of baiyuneboite are introduced from such three stages as focusing on iron, paying equal attention to iron and rare earth as well as comprehensive utilization of resources. Moreover, it is summarized the methods for improving grade and recovery rate of iron concentrate, current situations of beneficiation of rare earth oxide, achievements of beneficiation of fluorite as well as breakthrough of beneficiation technology of niobium mineral.

baiyuneboite  /  resource characteristics  /  beneficiation technology  /  beneficiation of iron  /  beneficiation of rare earth  /  beneficiation of fluorite  /  beneficiation of niobium
陈宏超, 刘文丽, 曾永杰, 刘蓓, 窦怀宝, 王亮. 白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究发展及应用现状. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 13 -19 .
Hongchao Chen, Wenli Liu, Yongjie Zeng, Bei Liu, Huaibao Dou, Liang Wang. Development and Application Status of Beneficiation Technology Study of Baiyuneboite[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 13 -19 .
白云鄂博矿现已发现182余种矿物,71种元素,已探明铁矿石储量约5.14亿t,铌储量660万t,居中国之首,世界第二;已探明稀土储量约1亿t,占全世界已探明储量的38%,位居世界第一,成为世界的稀土之乡;已探明富钾板岩储量2.8万t,萤石储量1.3亿t,极具开采价值。经过七十多年的发展,包钢(集团)公司依托白云鄂博矿资源优势,已经成为世界最大的稀土工业基地和我国重要的钢铁工业基地。但是丰富的宝藏资源还需进一步的探索,多年来包钢(集团)公司非常重视已经探明的铁、铌、稀土资源合理、有序、高效的开发利用,并取得一定的成果[1-2]
白云鄂博铁矿于1957年2月建矿,矿山开采设计方案几经变更,最终采用1987年8月由原冶金部鞍山黑色冶金矿山设计研究院编制的《包钢白云鄂博铁矿1 200万t扩建初步设计说明书》。设计境界内铁矿石量为5.25亿t(最新报告5.14亿t),其中主采场境界内铁矿石量为3.37亿t,东采场境界内铁矿石量为1.88亿t。根据设计,主矿采场开采矿石700万t/a,东矿采场开采矿石500万t/a,供包钢选矿厂使用。矿山实际生产能力于2006年首次达到1 200万t/a的设计规模。
包钢(集团)公司于1954年成立。1965年原国家科委、国家经委、冶金部在包头召开“包头矿综合利用及稀土推广应用工作会议”,确定了白云鄂博矿“以铁为主,综合利用,全面发展”的建设方针,制订了《包头钢铁基地综合利用技术3年(1965年—1968年)规划》[3]
以《白云鄂博矿矿冶工艺学》中选矿工艺篇为基础,分以铁为主、铁稀并重、资源综合利用三个阶段总结白云鄂博矿选别工艺研究和发展情况。
包钢选矿厂自1958年建厂、1965年生产系列建成并逐步投产以来,共有9个生产系列,设计处理白云鄂博主、东矿矿石1 200万t/a。从1953年开始,开展了以白云鄂博矿铁矿物为回收对象的工艺流程试验研究。富氧化矿石采用全反浮选流程;中贫氧化矿石采用焙烧(回转窑)磁选-浮选流程,后期改为竖炉、转炉联合焙烧磁选-浮选流程;磁铁矿石采用磁选-浮选流程。实际生产时,富氧化矿直接入高炉冶炼。1957年—1977年,随着稀土矿物勘探工作的完成,重视了稀土回收。磁铁矿石采用连续磨矿-磁选-浮选(选稀土)流程,获得铁精矿品位大于60%、回收率为70%~73%、铁精矿氟含量为1.5%左右,稀土精矿品位为21.15%、稀土回收率为23.65%的指标。该流程中稀土浮选采用氢氧化钠、水玻璃、氧化石蜡皂、硫酸、明矾药剂组合,先混合浮选,然后进行萤石和稀土矿物的分离浮选。随着高炉冶炼对原料的要求越来越高,磁铁矿石采用连续磨矿-磁选-反浮选流程,重点降低铁精矿中氟含量。反浮选采用水玻璃、SLM(氧化石蜡皂:EM-2=1∶1)两种药剂,获得铁品位为65.24%、氟含量为0.42%的铁精矿。在赤铁矿的浮选药剂处于研究、强磁选机尚未投入工业应用阶段时,还原焙烧是处理贫赤铁矿石的一种行之有效的方法。但对于SiO2含量较低(约13%)、萤石含量较高(约20%)、结构比较致密的白云鄂博中贫氧化矿石来说,与鞍山式铁矿床高硅赤铁石的焙烧制度有明显的差别。为了保证大块矿石能够充分还原,采用了磁滑轮与竖炉构成闭路的焙烧工艺,但仍难保证焙烧矿的选别指标,不得不将竖炉的台时处理量从设计的10.5 t/h降到8.0 t/h左右,延长了焙烧时间,增加了能耗。为了获得铁回收率大于80%的结果,不得不采取过还原的措施,又进一步增加了能耗。此时,焙烧还原的设备投资大、生产维持费用高、能耗高等特点充分暴露,且焙烧过程中氟碳酸盐稀土矿物的氟部分进入大气中,造成环境污染。同时,因稀土矿物产生相变,表面又被煤气污染,给回收稀土矿物造成了困难。
1978年采用弱磁-强磁-反浮选工艺综合回收白云鄂博中贫氧化矿石中铁、稀土、铌及降低铁精矿中杂质含量。1986年包钢引进了一台琼斯DP-317型湿式强磁选机,加速了上述选矿工艺工业化进程,1993年全面开展了工业应用,强磁中矿选稀土,强磁尾矿抛尾。在磨矿细度为-0.075 mm占95%的条件下,获得铁精矿品位大于60%、氟含量小于1%、磷含量小于0.15%、铁回收率大于70%,稀土精矿品位大于55%、稀土回收率大于12%、稀土次精矿品位大于34%、稀土次精矿回收率大于6%、稀土总回收率大于18%的良好指标,达到了第一步攻关目标,解决了多年困扰选矿厂生产发展的一大技术难题。
“十二五”期间,实施“包钢氧化矿选矿搬迁及白云鄂博矿资源综合利用工程”上山项目,设计处理白云鄂博主、东矿原矿600万t,产出铁精矿、稀土精矿、铌精矿、萤石精矿等多种产品,最大限度利用白云鄂博矿宝贵资源。2014年11月选铁系列正式生产,主体工艺为三段三闭路磨选及两道平行反浮选工艺,2020年铁精矿产量达产,全年生产铁精矿191万t,铁精矿品位为65.517%,全流程回收率为70.18%,铁精矿氟含量为0.309%。2022年,引入淘洗机设备形成磁选铁精矿-高频细筛-筛下矿物经过淘洗磁悬浮作业-淘洗精矿进行反浮选的新工艺,生产的铁精矿品位可达到66.539%的良好指标,综合产率为79.60%,较原浮选流程78.15%提高1.45个百分点,淘洗+反浮选金属回收率为93.27%,较原单一浮选流程90.11%提高3.16个百分点。
铁精矿选别下一步需要解决的主要技术问题是降氟、降硫,降低成本。白云鄂博矿淘洗磁选-反浮选选铁流程见图1
2021年—2023年,针对1959年—1964年包钢进行富矿直接入炉冶炼时堆置的中贫氧化矿,引进“氢基矿相转化”新技术,在洁净还原气氛中,充分将赤褐铁矿、菱铁矿还原为磁性铁矿石,同时使稀土氟碳铈矿(REFCO3)精准转化成氟氧化铈(REOF),进一步提高稀土矿物的可浮性、磁性及冶金性能,且该焙烧温度完全不影响萤石及铌的选别。中贫氧化矿实现了高值化利用,选比由8.775降低到3.280,极大地提高了氧化矿矿石的利用效率,开创了选矿工艺的新领域,推动了矿业技术创新。氢基矿相转化见图2
白云鄂博矿稀土矿物的粒度一般为5~70 μm,大多在40 μm以下。20世纪70年代,选矿厂采用中贫氧化矿弱磁选尾矿进行半优先半混合稀土一粗一精浮选-浮选泡沫摇床重选的稀土选矿工艺,摇床给矿中铁矿物及重晶石矿物由于与稀土矿物比重相同或接近,而难以用重选法进行有效分离,该工艺获得品位为31.30%、作业回收率为39.68%的摇床重选稀土精矿,-20 μm微细粒稀土矿物只有25%左右进入精矿,75%左右损失于尾矿中。
20世纪70年代末,将羟肟酸类捕收剂引入稀土浮选领域,对重选稀土精矿进行再浮选,获得品位60%以上的稀土精矿。1979年—1980年,包钢选矿厂将环烷酸基羟肟酸捕收剂用于工业生产,采用一粗一精闭路流程,获得品位大于60%、作业回收率在60%~65%的稀土精矿。1986年稀土浮选捕收剂改用H205,调整剂只添加水玻璃,增加了起泡剂,浮选回收率得到了显著提高。
20世纪80年代,中贫氧化矿综合回收铁、稀土的试验研究取得了较大的进展,弱磁-强磁工艺中,稀土主要分布在强磁中矿和强磁尾矿中,强磁中矿的稀土品位较高,除铁矿物、硅酸盐矿物和铁白云石的含量较高外,其他较难与稀土矿物分选的脉石矿物含量均较低,且矿泥含量也低于强磁尾矿,故将强磁中矿作为当时稀土选别的原料。1990年工业生产稀土精矿品位为55.62%,理论回收率为13.18%,稀土次精矿品位为34.48%,理论回收率为5.19%。同时以强磁中矿为原料,进行了氟碳铈矿与独居石的浮选分离研究,采用H205、H894捕收剂,经过混合浮选-脱泥脱药-分离浮选,获得品位为70.25%、回收率为23.27%的氟碳铈矿精矿和品位为60.25%、回收率为3.44%的独居石精矿。
根据“包钢氧化矿选矿搬迁及白云鄂博矿资源综合利用工程”设计,采用磁选选铁尾矿,经过一粗二精选稀土,总设计产能25万t/a,以羟肟酸类药剂为主,2018年,50%品位的稀土精矿产量日均突破950 t。2020年—2022年稀土精矿产量受政策性限产,开始生产高品位稀土精矿,月产保持在9 000 t左右,稀土品位在58%以上。
2023年,根据稀土冶炼分离产能提升工程等北方稀土一号工程的建成投产和对工信部下达稀土分离指标逐年增加的预期,进入铁稀并重生产时期。
宝山矿业公司白云选区和包钢选区分别实施稀土精矿扩能增产工程,恢复稀土尾矿再磨再选生产线,2023年稀土精矿产量达到32万t。白云鄂博矿稀土选别流程见图3
随着主、东矿中贫氧化矿弱磁-强磁-浮选综合回收铁、稀土试验的不断深入,以及该工艺在选矿厂的成功投产,开展了对强磁中矿选稀土后尾矿综合回收铌的研究。直接采用单一正浮选法,工业分流试验获得Nb2O5品位为0.82%的富铌精矿,作业回收率为53.48%,铌精矿中铁含量为42.52%。
为了提高铌矿物解离度,强磁中矿细度由-0.075 mm为80.12%磨至-0.075 mm为90%后,显微镜下观察,铌矿物的单体解离度没有明显提高,只不过由大的连生体、包裹体变为小的连生体和包裹体,且产生了大量的细泥,对浮选选择性产生了不良影响。
铌矿物选别,采用的药剂至关重要,尤其是捕收剂和抑制剂,选铌捕收剂选择性顺序为C5-9羟肟酸、苄基砷酸、苯乙烯磷酸、混合甲苯砷酸,C5-9羟肟酸的用量为200~300 g/t。
多家单位在国家重点科技攻关的课题研究中,进行了大量的药剂筛选试验,探索了多种工艺方法,小型试验实现了铌精矿Nb2O5品位为1.5%以上、回收率为35%的选别指标,个别流程获得铌精矿Nb2O5品位为3%以上、回收率为20%的选别指标,但均停留在实验室研究阶段。
选铌部分为“包钢氧化矿选矿搬迁及白云鄂博矿资源综合利用工程”主体工程之一,设计铌精矿品位为5.0%。由于工艺流程长,稳定性极差,无法进行工业生产。2023年,宝山矿业公司在原设计流程基础上缩短工艺,增加强磁选作业,采用稀选尾矿混合浮选-混合沉沙硫浮选-硫尾矿铁浮选-铁尾矿铌浮选-浮选铌精矿强磁选的工艺流程,半工业试验获得Nb2O5品位为4.410%的铌精矿和Nb2O5品位为0.96%的次铌精矿,合计回收率为34.2%。
强磁铌精矿中,铌矿物粒径为15~30 μm,主要含铌矿物为易解石、褐钇铌矿、黄绿石、铌铁矿、铌钙矿(罕见)、铌钇矿(罕见)、贝塔石(极罕见)等。褐钇铌矿、含Y铌易解石或铌钇矿显著增加,且此类矿物大多伴随重稀土元素(Dy、Gd、Eu等)的明显富集。
2024年宝山矿业公司联合东北大学开展了铌矿物氢基矿相转化-高效选铌新技术研究。对现场浮选铌精矿混合后取样,对Nb2O5品位为3.6%、铁含量为55.2%铌精矿进行焙烧试验,铌精矿焙烧工艺见图4
焙烧前、焙烧后铌精矿矿物物相分析见表1,多元素分析及烧损见表2
表1可知,焙烧后Fe-赤/褐铁矿分布率由47.15%降低到0.30%,Fe-磁铁矿分布率由4.5%升高到52.40%。
表2可知,焙烧后同一铌精矿在不同参数下焙烧,磁选铌精矿品位分别为12.41%、13.23%、14.35%。
随着铌精矿品位升高,TiO2含量升高,Sc2O3含量升高,ThO2含量升高,稀土含量升高,稀土元素呈现贫Ce、Nd,显著富集Dy、Gd、Ho、Lu等重稀土的特点。
铌精矿中主要为易解石矿相(Si、Ca、Fe等元素异常富集,约占含铌矿相的70%以上)、黄绿石矿相(Ca、Fe等异常富集,占15%左右,亏F)、铌钙矿矿相(Sr、Pb异常富集,占8%左右)、铌铁矿矿相(多见Mn、Ti等富集,占5%左右)及其他铌矿物相(如黑稀金矿、铌锰矿等,占3%左右)。
该研究工艺可同时产生高品位铌精矿和铁品位为65%以上的铁精矿。实现了铌、铁的高效分离,同时这段工艺实现了无尾化。
萤石矿物只能在以铁、稀土为主的矿产资源开发、回收时综合回收利用,受主矿种开发利用的制约,综合利用所使用的选矿流程,只能回收大部分的铁、少部分的稀土。针对白云鄂博矿床萤石资源的选矿研究工作虽已持续开展多年,但选别效果不甚理想,致使在包钢生产运行近70多年中,尾矿堆存已接近2亿t,其中萤石含量高达23%。
白云鄂博矿床成因复杂,萤石矿物品位低(约15%~17%),与稀土、白云石、重晶石、方解石、磷灰石等杂质矿物共生、连生关系复杂,选别差异小。萤石矿物嵌布粒度极细,25 μm粒级的萤石颗粒依然连生,包裹稀土矿物、铁矿物等。萤石矿物磨矿易泥化,水中悬浮物沉降难度大,各种原因造成萤石选别极其困难。针对上述技术问题,2018年宝山矿业公司开展了“白云鄂博超细极难选萤石矿产资源高效利用关键技术研发及产业化应用研究”,开发了稀土浮选尾矿-阶段细磨-易浮先浮-多段浮磁联合-超导磁选降杂提纯的萤石分选新技术。2020年9月,工业生产萤石精矿产量为1.26万t,综合萤石品位为90.32%,产量突破万吨。产出萤石品位为95%以上的萤石精矿217 t,首次实现白云鄂博矿95%酸级萤石产品生产,完成白云鄂博矿萤石资源的高效分选,取得白云鄂博矿萤石资源利用新突破,白云鄂博矿萤石选别工艺流程见图5
文章介绍了白云鄂博矿在选铁、选稀土、选萤石、选铌等工艺领域的研究成果、发展历程及当下应用情况。铁精矿选别工艺从连续磨矿-磁选-浮选流程到弱磁-强磁-反浮选工艺流程的转变,解决了多年困扰选矿厂生产发展的一大技术难题。淘洗机的引入,形成磁选铁精矿-高频细筛-筛下矿物经过淘洗磁悬浮作业-淘洗精矿进行反浮选的新工艺,可达到铁精矿品位66.539%,综合产率为79.60%的良好指标。“氢基矿相转化”新技术的突破,进一步提高了氧化型矿石的利用率。铁磁选尾矿进行稀土浮选,以羟肟酸类药剂为主,可生产出品位为58%以上的稀土精矿。稀土尾矿采用混合浮选-混合沉沙硫浮选-硫尾矿铁浮选-铁尾矿铌浮选-浮选铌精矿强磁选的工艺流程,获得Nb2O5品位为4.410%的铌精矿,焙烧分离后,铌精矿品位跃升至12.41%~14.35%,实现铌铁有效分离;同时稀土尾矿采用阶段细磨-易浮先浮-多段浮磁联合-超导磁选降杂提纯的新技术,首次实现白云鄂博矿95%酸级萤石产品生产。
参考文献 引证文献
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黎洁, 谢贤, 吕晋芳, 等. 铌矿资源概述及选矿技术研究进展[J]. 金属矿山, 2021(2):120-126.
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秦玉芳, 王其伟, 金海龙, 等. 白云鄂博矿霓石型稀土矿石中铌的赋存状态与分布规律研究[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2021, 41(3):144-149.
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李春龙, 李小钢, 徐广尧. 白云鄂博共伴生矿资源综合利用技术开发与产业化[J]. 稀土, 2015, 36(5):151-158.
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
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    包钢集团宝山矿业有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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