Article(id=1186982294117040714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)01-0051-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713542400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760928231982, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760928231982, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760928231982, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928231982, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1186982287943021298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760928230509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928585419, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187102806151410309, articleId=1186982294117040714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Rare Earth La on Inclusions and Austenite Grain Size of X100 Pipeline Steel, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The test steels with different La contents are smelted in vacuum induction furnace under laboratory conditions. The morphology and size of inclusions are studied with X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Bruker energy spectrometer, OTS software and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that the inclusions, AlN and Al2O3 are modified into La-O-S, La-O-S-Al and LaS as well as inclusion size was decreased from 4.37 μm to 2.92 μm by adding La into X100 pipeline steel. The refinement effect of La on austenite grain size is obvious. With the increase of La content, austenite grain size in test steel is increased from level 5 to level 8.5. After adding rare earth La, the main inclusions in steel are La-O-S and La-O-S-Al of about 2 μm in size with the pinning effect so that austenite grain size is reduced significantly.

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在实验室条件下,采用真空感应炉熔炼不同La含量的试验钢。采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、布鲁克能谱仪、OTS以及EPMA对夹杂物的形貌、大小进行研究,结果表明,La的加入使得X100管线钢中AlN、Al2O3夹杂物变性成为La-O-S、La-O-S-Al、LaS夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸由4.37 μm减小到2.92 μm。La对奥氏体晶粒尺寸具有明显的细化作用,随着La含量的增加,试验钢奥氏体的晶粒度由5级变成了8.5级。加入稀土La后,钢中的夹杂物主要为尺寸约2 μm的La-O-S和La-O-S-Al,具有钉扎作用,从而使得奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显降低。

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兴格乐图(1985-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事节能环保工作。

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兴格乐图(1985-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事节能环保工作。

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兴格乐图(1985-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事节能环保工作。

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编号 C Si Mn P S Nb Mo Ni Cu Ti Al La(加入量)
M0 0.058 0.32 2.08 0.011 7 0.002 0 0.048 0.226 0.24 0.19 0.023 0.012 0
M1 0.054 0.31 2.03 0.011 5 0.002 0 0.044 0.224 0.24 0.18 0.022 0.010 0.002 5
M2 0.056 0.32 2.05 0.011 8 0.001 8 0.042 0.222 0.23 0.20 0.021 0.011 0.005 0
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试验钢的化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn P S Nb Mo Ni Cu Ti Al La(加入量)
M0 0.058 0.32 2.08 0.011 7 0.002 0 0.048 0.226 0.24 0.19 0.023 0.012 0
M1 0.054 0.31 2.03 0.011 5 0.002 0 0.044 0.224 0.24 0.18 0.022 0.010 0.002 5
M2 0.056 0.32 2.05 0.011 8 0.001 8 0.042 0.222 0.23 0.20 0.021 0.011 0.005 0
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M0 M1 M2
4.37 3.27 2.92
), ArticleFig(id=1187102907922001941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982294117040714, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验钢夹杂物的平均尺寸 μm

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M0 M1 M2
4.37 3.27 2.92
), ArticleFig(id=1187102908882497559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1186982294117040714, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号 稀土La含量
/%
晶粒度
/级
平均晶粒
尺寸/mm
M0 0 5 0.048
M1 0.002 5 7 0.032
M2 0.005 0 8.5 0.019
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不同La含量试验钢晶粒度

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试样编号 稀土La含量
/%
晶粒度
/级
平均晶粒
尺寸/mm
M0 0 5 0.048
M1 0.002 5 7 0.032
M2 0.005 0 8.5 0.019
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稀土La对X100管线钢夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响
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兴格乐图 1 , 刘朋成 2 , 邬宇轩 2 , 郝娟娟 2 , 冯海涛 2 , 卢晓禹 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025,51(1): 51-55
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025, 51(1): 51-55
稀土La对X100管线钢夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响
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兴格乐图1, 刘朋成2, 邬宇轩2, 郝娟娟2, 冯海涛2, 卢晓禹2
作者信息
  • 1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 兴格乐图(1985-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事节能环保工作。

Effects of Rare Earth La on Inclusions and Austenite Grain Size of X100 Pipeline Steel
Geletu Xing1, Pengcheng Liu2, Yuxuan Wu2, Juanjuan Hao2, Haitao Feng2, Xiaoyu Lu2
Affiliations
  • 1 Baotou Steel Group Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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在实验室条件下,采用真空感应炉熔炼不同La含量的试验钢。采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、布鲁克能谱仪、OTS以及EPMA对夹杂物的形貌、大小进行研究,结果表明,La的加入使得X100管线钢中AlN、Al2O3夹杂物变性成为La-O-S、La-O-S-Al、LaS夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸由4.37 μm减小到2.92 μm。La对奥氏体晶粒尺寸具有明显的细化作用,随着La含量的增加,试验钢奥氏体的晶粒度由5级变成了8.5级。加入稀土La后,钢中的夹杂物主要为尺寸约2 μm的La-O-S和La-O-S-Al,具有钉扎作用,从而使得奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显降低。

X100管线钢  /  夹杂物  /  奥氏体晶粒  /  稀土

The test steels with different La contents are smelted in vacuum induction furnace under laboratory conditions. The morphology and size of inclusions are studied with X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Bruker energy spectrometer, OTS software and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that the inclusions, AlN and Al2O3 are modified into La-O-S, La-O-S-Al and LaS as well as inclusion size was decreased from 4.37 μm to 2.92 μm by adding La into X100 pipeline steel. The refinement effect of La on austenite grain size is obvious. With the increase of La content, austenite grain size in test steel is increased from level 5 to level 8.5. After adding rare earth La, the main inclusions in steel are La-O-S and La-O-S-Al of about 2 μm in size with the pinning effect so that austenite grain size is reduced significantly.

X100 pipeline steel  /  inclusions  /  austenite grain  /  rare earth
兴格乐图, 刘朋成, 邬宇轩, 郝娟娟, 冯海涛, 卢晓禹. 稀土La对X100管线钢夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 51 -55 .
Geletu Xing, Pengcheng Liu, Yuxuan Wu, Juanjuan Hao, Haitao Feng, Xiaoyu Lu. Effects of Rare Earth La on Inclusions and Austenite Grain Size of X100 Pipeline Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 51 -55 .
管线钢代表一个钢铁企业的综合实力。自管线钢问世以来,国内外各大钢厂一直都在探索提高管线钢的性能,有多家公司已经成功研发出X100管线钢[1-9]。2002年加拿大钢管公司采用管径为1 219 mm、壁厚为14.3 mm的X100管线钢管在WESTPATH工程中铺设了1 km长的试验段,在全世界第一次实现了X100管线钢管的铺设。在我国,管线钢被成功应用于西气东输项目。国产管线钢的强度和焊接性能相比国外管线钢存在一定的差距。管线钢除了需要具有良好的力学性能外,还必须有良好的焊接性能。在焊接过程中,受材料、焊接工艺等因素的影响,管线钢焊接热影响区的韧性明显降低。为了提高焊接性能,需添加V、Ti、Nb等合金元素进行微合金化处理,以改善夹杂物和晶粒尺寸,达到提高钢焊接性能的目的[10-12]。稀土具有特殊的化学活性,钢中加入稀土会使钢中夹杂物尺寸减小,改变夹杂物的形貌。本文开展了稀土La对管线钢夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸影响的研究。
采用X100管线钢为冶炼原料,采用25 kg真空感应炉添加稀土元素La冶炼试验钢。不加稀土La的试样编号为M0,加0.002 5%稀土La的试样编号为M1,加0.005 0%稀土La的试样编号为M2。通过JQ-8型化学成分分析仪分析试验钢成分,具体化学成分见表1
借助XRD、SEM和能谱仪观察夹杂物的形貌和类型,采用夹杂物分析软件(OTS)分析夹杂物的占比及尺寸,同时利用场发射电子探针(EPMA)定量分析夹杂物的元素组成。
将配置好的腐蚀液在水浴锅中加热到94 ℃后保持恒温,将试样抛光好的一面浸到腐蚀液中,100 s后取出用清水洗净,再放入腐蚀液60 s后,取出先用清水洗净,再用酒精冲洗,吹风机吹干,将腐蚀后的试样在Axiovert 25蔡司金相显微镜上测定晶粒度,采用评级图对不同稀土含量的试样进行晶粒度评定。
将试样磨抛后,采用扫描电镜观察形貌,并测定化学成分;在低倍电镜视野下,利用OTS软件分析夹杂物的占比及尺寸。为了进一步研究La元素对夹杂物尺寸的影响,在500倍视野下随机选取10个视域,利用Image-J软件对视域内衬度程度较深的夹杂物进行尺寸统计,同时利用场发射电子探针(EPMA)定量分析夹杂物的元素组成。图1是三种不同稀土含量试样夹杂物的形貌及成分图,图1(a)是不加稀土元素La的X100试验钢中夹杂物,主要以AlN和AlN与Al2O3复合的形式存在。图1(b)图1(c)分别是添加0.002 5%稀土La和0.005 0%稀土La的试验钢夹杂物的形貌。由于稀土元素La化学性质活泼,可以将钢中不规则的Al2O3夹杂物和部分棱形、多边形的AlN夹杂物变质为圆形或椭圆形的稀土夹杂物。稀土夹杂物主要以稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物为主,且稀土夹杂物在AlN上形核,虽并不能完全改性AlN,但是可以将AlN夹杂物的棱角钝化,从而起到一定的改性效果。
表2为试验钢夹杂物的平均尺寸。随着La含量的增加,试验钢中夹杂物的尺寸逐渐减小,同时钢中的夹杂物种类变多。不添加稀土元素的试验钢夹杂物主要为≥4 μm的大尺寸夹杂物。加入0.002 5%稀土元素La的试验钢夹杂物尺寸集中于2~4 μm之间,添加0.005 0%稀土元素La的试验钢夹杂物尺寸≤3 μm。
不添加稀土试验钢的AlN多以棱形和多边形的形貌出现,尺寸在1~7 μm之间,Al2O3多为不规则长条状的形貌,并且还有少量的硫化物夹杂。氮化物夹杂硬度高,不易变形。由于基体与夹杂物之间的硬度和热膨胀系数的差异,这两种夹杂物均会对X100管线钢的性能造成不利的影响。添加稀土后的试验钢中还存在少量游离的AlN夹杂物,但是AlN夹杂物的数量和尺寸相较不加稀土的试验钢小,一部分的AlN夹杂物被稀土夹杂物固定。试验钢中出现较多球状和椭球状的稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物,尺寸在1~5 μm之间。添加0.005 0%稀土La的试验钢中的AlN夹杂物还出现了较为明显的棱角钝化现象。稀土夹杂物的硬度和热膨胀系数与基体相差不大[10],且稀土夹杂物形貌规则,尺寸细小,分布均匀,保证了基体的连续性和均匀性,从而降低了夹杂物对X100管线钢性能的不利影响。
试验钢的晶粒如图2所示。由图2可以看出,试验钢M0晶粒粗大,试验钢M1的晶粒尺寸相对于试验钢M0明显减小。将晶界上最远的两点距离作为该晶粒的尺寸,分析每个样品中大约30个晶粒的尺寸,求平均值。由图2表3可以看出,随着La含量的增加,试样的奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显减小。
管线钢主要采用控轧控冷工艺来细化晶粒和提高强度。奥氏体发生再结晶可以细化晶粒,但并不是在任何条件下,奥氏体均能发生完全再结晶。稀土含量的不同,奥氏体的再结晶会发生一定程度的改变。钢中的碳化物和氮化物粒子均具有一定的钉扎作用,从而控制奥氏体晶粒的尺寸。本试验钢中主要的碳化物是NbC、TiC和Nb(C,N),这些细小的碳(氮)化物可成为新相的形核中心,对位错起到了钉扎作用,使位错在运动过程中受到阻碍,奥氏体在变形过程中累积了大量的位错,提高了基体的强度。添加稀土La的夹杂物尺寸明显降低。图3是加入0.002 5%稀土La后奥氏体晶界处的夹杂物SEM-EDS图,夹杂物的尺寸为1 μm,这类夹杂物具有钉扎作用,能延缓奥氏体晶粒的长大。从EDS成分分析来看,这类夹杂物主要是La-O-S和La-O-S-Al。钢中夹杂物对晶界产生钉扎作用,钉扎力可以用式(1)[13]表示,由公式(1)可以得出,随着夹杂物尺寸的减小,钉扎力变大。
P= 3 f σ 2 r
式中:f为夹杂物的体积分数,%;σ为晶界能,取1.062 J/m2,r为夹杂物的半径。
(1)La的加入使得管线钢中AlN、Al2O3夹杂物变性成为La-O-S、La-O-S-Al、LaS夹杂物,添加0.005%稀土La后,夹杂物平均尺寸由4.37 μm减小到2.92 μm。
(2)La对奥氏体晶粒具有明显的细化作用,随着La含量的增加,奥氏体的晶粒度由5级变成了8.5级。
(3)加入0.002 5%稀土La后,钢中的夹杂物主要是尺寸约1 μm的La-O-S和La-O-S-Al,具有钉扎作用,从而使奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显减小。
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-20
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-20
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    1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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