Article(id=1186982293244621597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)01-0036-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709222400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760928231773, onlineDateStr=2025-10-20, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760928231773, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760928231773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928231773, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1186982287943021298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760928230509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760928585419, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1186983776602173866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1186982287943021298, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=41, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187102806621172369, articleId=1186982293244621597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Optimization of Continuous Casting Process for Rectangular Billet of Peritectic Weathering Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Such parameters as the outlet temperatures of crystallizer and secondary cooling section and shell thickness of manufacturing 2 types of rectangular billet with cross-section dimensions of 280 mm×380 mm and 320 mm×415 mm are simulated through high temperature thermal simulation experiments and computer software as well as the production process parameters of manufacturing YQ450NQR1 weathering steel with the billets of 2 different cross sections are compared. The results showed that the low magnification quality of billet was related to amplitude of crystallizer, amount of secondary cooling water, number of strands for continuous casting machine and temperature of exiting secondary cooling section while entering tension leveler. With the decrease of amplitude of crystallizer, increase of number of strands for continuous casting machine and temperature of entering tension leveler, the quality of billet is improved. When the amplitude of crystallizer is ±2.5 mm and temperature of entering tension leveler is greater than 940 ℃ with the condition of weak cold secondary cooling water, the low magnification quality of billet with cross section of 280 mm×380 mm of peritectic weathering steel is better than that of billet with cross section of 320 mm×415 mm.

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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名称 280 mm×380 mm 320 mm×415 mm
铸机类型 弧形 弧形
流数 6 3
结晶器振幅范围/mm ±2.5 ±6
结晶器电磁
搅拌(M-EMS)
拉速范围/(m·min-1) 0.25~0.70 0.25~0.70
铸机弧半径/m 12 12
结晶器长度/mm 850 800
二冷方式 动态配水、气雾冷却 动态配水、气雾冷却
流间距/mm 1 650 3 000
水口内径/mm 40 45
水口浸入深度/mm 110~130 110~130
冶金长度/m 34.5 37
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铸机设备参数

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名称 280 mm×380 mm 320 mm×415 mm
铸机类型 弧形 弧形
流数 6 3
结晶器振幅范围/mm ±2.5 ±6
结晶器电磁
搅拌(M-EMS)
拉速范围/(m·min-1) 0.25~0.70 0.25~0.70
铸机弧半径/m 12 12
结晶器长度/mm 850 800
二冷方式 动态配水、气雾冷却 动态配水、气雾冷却
流间距/mm 1 650 3 000
水口内径/mm 40 45
水口浸入深度/mm 110~130 110~130
冶金长度/m 34.5 37
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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu V Fe
≤0.14 ≤0.50 ≤1.30 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.14 其余
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包晶耐候钢YQ450NQR1的化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu V Fe
≤0.14 ≤0.50 ≤1.30 ≤0.020 ≤0.015 ≤0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.14 其余
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名称 280 mm×380 mm 320 mm×415 mm
结晶器冷却水量
范围/(L·min-1)
3 155~3 238 3 200~3 250
结晶器水温差/℃ 4~6.7 5~6
过热度范围/℃ 25~30 24~31
结晶器振幅波动/mm ±2 ±6
拉速/(m·min-1) 0.65 0.65
二冷水量/(mL·kg-1) 0.22 0.19
进拉矫机温度/℃ 1 024 915
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不同断面连铸工艺对比

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名称 280 mm×380 mm 320 mm×415 mm
结晶器冷却水量
范围/(L·min-1)
3 155~3 238 3 200~3 250
结晶器水温差/℃ 4~6.7 5~6
过热度范围/℃ 25~30 24~31
结晶器振幅波动/mm ±2 ±6
拉速/(m·min-1) 0.65 0.65
二冷水量/(mL·kg-1) 0.22 0.19
进拉矫机温度/℃ 1 024 915
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包晶耐候钢矩形坯连铸工艺优化研究
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宋振东 1 , 王永明 1 , 王敏 1 , 卜向东 1 , 谭晓东 1 , 崔弘 2 , 祁祯 1
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(1): 36-41
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(1): 36-41
包晶耐候钢矩形坯连铸工艺优化研究
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宋振东1, 王永明1, 王敏1, 卜向东1, 谭晓东1, 崔弘2, 祁祯1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

Study on Optimization of Continuous Casting Process for Rectangular Billet of Peritectic Weathering Steel
Zhendong Song1, Yongming Wang1, Min Wang1, Xiangdong Bu1, Xiaodong Tan1, Hong Cui2, Zhen Qi1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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通过高温热模拟试验及计算机软件模拟生产断面尺寸为280 mm×380 mm和320 mm×415 mm两种矩形坯结晶器出口温度、二冷段出口温度、坯壳厚度等参数,对比两种不同断面生产同一钢种YQ450NQR1耐候钢生产工艺参数。结果表明,铸坯的低倍质量与结晶器振幅、二冷水量、铸机流数、出二冷段进拉矫机温度有关,随着结晶器振幅的减小,铸机流数的增加和进拉矫机温度升高,铸坯质量改善,当结晶器振幅在±2.5 mm、进拉矫机温度大于940 ℃时,二冷水强度采用弱冷的条件下,包晶耐候钢280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯低倍质量优于320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯低倍质量。
结晶器振幅  /  包晶耐候钢  /  进拉矫机温度  /  铸机流数

Such parameters as the outlet temperatures of crystallizer and secondary cooling section and shell thickness of manufacturing 2 types of rectangular billet with cross-section dimensions of 280 mm×380 mm and 320 mm×415 mm are simulated through high temperature thermal simulation experiments and computer software as well as the production process parameters of manufacturing YQ450NQR1 weathering steel with the billets of 2 different cross sections are compared. The results showed that the low magnification quality of billet was related to amplitude of crystallizer, amount of secondary cooling water, number of strands for continuous casting machine and temperature of exiting secondary cooling section while entering tension leveler. With the decrease of amplitude of crystallizer, increase of number of strands for continuous casting machine and temperature of entering tension leveler, the quality of billet is improved. When the amplitude of crystallizer is ±2.5 mm and temperature of entering tension leveler is greater than 940 ℃ with the condition of weak cold secondary cooling water, the low magnification quality of billet with cross section of 280 mm×380 mm of peritectic weathering steel is better than that of billet with cross section of 320 mm×415 mm.

amplitude of crystallizer  /  peritectic weathering steel  /  temperature of entering tension leveler  /  number of strands for continuous casting machine
宋振东, 王永明, 王敏, 卜向东, 谭晓东, 崔弘, 祁祯. 包晶耐候钢矩形坯连铸工艺优化研究. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 36 -41 .
Zhendong Song, Yongming Wang, Min Wang, Xiangdong Bu, Xiaodong Tan, Hong Cui, Zhen Qi. Study on Optimization of Continuous Casting Process for Rectangular Billet of Peritectic Weathering Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 36 -41 .
当钢液发生包晶反应时,该过程将发生高温δ铁素体向γ奥氏体转变,δ铁素体本身有3.5%~4.0%的体积收缩,δ铁素体密度比γ奥氏体小0.5%~1.0%,δ铁素体向γ奥氏体转变过程表现为线收缩,且在固相线温度以下25~100 ℃,平均线收缩急剧增加[1-3]。结晶器内初生坯壳脱离结晶器铜板形成气隙,使传热减慢,易导致坯壳较薄,铸坯表面裂纹及凹陷缺陷形成。耐候钢中含有较高的Cu、Cr、Ni、V、N等元素,高温下固溶的Al、V在温度降低时以AlN、V(C,N)等化合物形式在奥氏体晶界呈动态或静态析出,增加了应力集中源和裂纹敏感性[4-5]。铸坯拉矫过程中内弧受张应力,由于振痕的缺口效应产生应力集中,会加速裂纹产生及扩展,尤其在铸坯角部裂纹更明显。当铸坯的角部裂纹较为严重时,会造成成品钢材产生表面质量问题,导致产品成材率下降。
包晶耐候钢YQ450NQR1(以下简称YQ450NQR1)作为火车大梁钢典型钢种,其生产工艺如下:铁水预处理→转炉→精炼→连铸。成品310乙字钢可由280 mm×380 mm、320 mm×415 mm两个不同断面铸坯轧制。两种不同断面的铸机设备主要参数见表1
包晶耐候钢YQ450NQR1的化学成分见表2
由YQ450NQR1化学成分中C含量可知,YQ450NQR1的C含量处于包晶钢范围内,另外含有大量的Mn、Cr、Cu、Ni等合金元素。
计算YQ450NQR1的导热系数和焓值,其中连铸浇注温度为1 547 ℃,结晶器长0.8 m,铸坯拉速为0.65 m/min,二冷一、二段长度为2.08 m。液相线温度为1 510 ℃,结晶器出口表面温度在1 300 ℃上下,坯壳厚度在17 mm左右。图1为经计算后的YQ450NQR1基本物理参数曲线。
图1(a)中可以看出,随着温度的升高,YQ450NQR1的导热系数先不断下降,在800 ℃时该材质的导热系数最低,之后随着温度的继续上升,其导热系数不断提高。图1(b)中YQ450NQR1的焓值随着温度的升高逐渐提高,说明YQ450NQR1随着温度的升高其内部能量转化激烈,其原子处在非常活跃的状态,这对包晶钢较薄的坯壳十分不利。
采用两种不同断面生产YQ450NQR1,在两种断面连铸过程中的拉速、过热度及保护渣均相同的情况下,铸坯煮完热酸后,两种断面的低倍情况如图2所示。
图2(a)为320 mm×415 mm断面连铸坯低倍组织照片,可以看出,铸坯煮完热酸后,在铸坯的角部和铸坯振痕处有裂纹产生,在轧钢加热及轧钢过程中无法消除该裂纹,铸坯角部裂纹会遗传到成品上,对成品质量造成影响,甚至会产生废品。图2(b)为280 mm×380 mm断面连铸坯低倍组织照片,煮完热酸后,角部及铸坯振痕处没有产生裂纹。
影响包晶钢铸坯产生裂纹的的因素有很多,如钢种的化学成分、锰硫比、保护渣、钢水温度、拉坯速度、结晶器液面控制、结晶器倒锥度、二次冷却和结晶器的振动等。表3为两种断面铸坯的连铸工艺对比。
表2可以看出,两种断面结晶器冷却水量、结晶器水温差、过热度、拉速基本接近,其中结晶器振幅波动和进拉矫机温度差别较大。280 mm×380 mm断面结晶器振幅波动上下限的差值为4 mm,320 mm×415 mm断面结晶器振幅波动上下限的差值为12 mm。YQ450NQR1材质中的C含量在包晶钢范围内,在凝固过程体积会发生收缩,在结晶器内形成的初始坯壳较薄,铸坯在脱模的过程中,结晶器振动的波动幅度会对铸坯表面质量造成影响。
对两种断面的铸坯进行结晶器出口温度、坯壳厚度、二冷段出口温度模拟分析,图3为280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯结晶器出口温度和坯壳厚度模拟结果(凝固点1 510 ℃)。
图4为320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯结晶器出口温度和坯壳厚度模拟结果。从模拟数值上可知,两个断面的结晶器出口温度和坯壳厚度差别不大,坯壳厚度约在16.5~16.7 mm。
图5为280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯二冷段出口温度和坯壳厚度模拟结果,图6为320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯二冷段出口温度和坯壳厚度模拟结果。320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯的平均温度比280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯的平均温度高1 ℃左右。
两种断面在相同冷却条件下,铸坯表面温度分布规律相近,出二冷段后铸坯中心的液相区域尺寸320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯是280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯的2倍左右,出现中心疏松的几率明显增加。
图7为不同断面铸坯进入铸机拉矫机前的温度,图7(a)为13炉280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯进拉矫机前的温度,图7(b)为11炉320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯进拉矫机前的温度。
图7(a)可以看出,280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯第一炉进拉矫机温度在940 ℃以上,后续随着浇注炉数的增加,铸坯进入拉矫机温度均在1 000 ℃以上。由图7(b)可知,320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯进入拉矫机温度均在915 ℃左右,与图7(a)相比进入拉矫机温度低100 ℃左右。
图8为YQ450NQR1高温拉伸曲线,检测温度区间为800~1 250 ℃,检测YQ450NQR1在此温度区间的拉伸性能,用面塑率来表征YQ450NQR1的高温塑性,当面缩率小于60%时,说明材料在此温度段存在高温脆性。
图8可以看出,YQ450NQR1的第一个高温脆性区间是在800~950 ℃之间,第二个高温脆性区是在1 150~1 250 ℃之间。结合图7不同断面进拉矫机的温度,可知320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯进拉矫机的温度大部分在YQ450NQR1的第一个高温脆性区,而280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯进入拉矫机前的温度则避开了YQ450NQR1第一个高温脆性区。
(1)通过计算机软件模拟不同断面结晶器出口温度、坯壳厚度和二冷段出口温度、坯壳厚度发现,在相同冷却条件下,不同断面的铸坯表面温度分布规律相近,但是在出二冷段后铸坯中心的液相区域尺寸,320 mm×415 mm断面铸坯是280 mm×380 mm断面铸坯的2倍左右,铸坯出现中心疏松的几率明显增加。
(2)对比连铸工艺及高温热模拟曲线可知,不同断面结晶器的振幅波动和进拉矫机的温度是影响铸坯质量的重要因素,包晶耐候钢YQ450NQR1在1 000 ℃以上进入拉矫机可有效避开材质的高温脆性区,结晶器振幅波动在±2 mm时,铸坯的振痕处裂纹几乎没有。
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  • 接收时间:2024-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-01
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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