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In this article, the stability of old underground space in Sanheming Iron Mine is analyzed with the FLAC3D numerical simulation software as well as distribution laws of stress, displacement and plastic zone of old space with effects of self weight stress field are studied. It is aimed at judging whether old space is stable to analyze the stability of old space with effects of its self weight stress field in order to provide effective preventive measures for managing old space of mine as well as ensure safe and efficient mining of mineral resources. The stability of old space with effects of self weight stress field is considered to be good through 3D modeling and numerical calculations. The study results can provide references for stability analysis of underground goaf in similar iron mines, which is with certain guiding role in ensuring safe production and reducing geological disaster risks as well as significances to promote sustainable development of mineral resources of Sanheming Iron Mine.

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文章利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对三合明铁矿地下老空间的稳定性进行了分析,研究了在自重应力场作用下老空间的应力、位移、塑性区分布规律。通过对老空间在自重应力场作用下的稳定性分析,旨在判断老空间是否稳定,为矿山老空间治理提供有效的防治措施,确保矿产资源的安全、高效开采。通过三维建模及数值计算,认为老空间在自重应力场作用下稳定性良好,研究成果可为类似铁矿地下采空区稳定性分析提供参考,对保障矿山安全生产、降低地质灾害风险具有一定的指导作用,对推动三合明铁矿矿产资源可持续发展具有重要意义。

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韩建文(1991-),男,山西省大同市人,工程师,现从事采矿技术研究工作。

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韩建文(1991-),男,山西省大同市人,工程师,现从事采矿技术研究工作。

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韩建文(1991-),男,山西省大同市人,工程师,现从事采矿技术研究工作。

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岩性 容重
/(kN·m-3)
抗拉强度
/MPa
内聚力
/MPa
内摩擦角
/(°)
体积模量
/GPa
剪切模量
/GPa
泊松比
第四系 1.9 0.002 0.20 29.30 1.94 0.80 0.32
矿石 3.48 2.66 2.10 46.47 28.26 16.15 0.26
围岩 2.8 1.76 1.86 40.25 22.96 13.12 0.26
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数值模拟计算中采用的岩体力学参数汇总表

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岩性 容重
/(kN·m-3)
抗拉强度
/MPa
内聚力
/MPa
内摩擦角
/(°)
体积模量
/GPa
剪切模量
/GPa
泊松比
第四系 1.9 0.002 0.20 29.30 1.94 0.80 0.32
矿石 3.48 2.66 2.10 46.47 28.26 16.15 0.26
围岩 2.8 1.76 1.86 40.25 22.96 13.12 0.26
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包钢三合明铁矿地下老空间稳定性数值模拟分析
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(1): 4-8
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(1): 4-8
包钢三合明铁矿地下老空间稳定性数值模拟分析
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韩建文
作者信息
  • 包钢矿业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014030
  • 韩建文(1991-),男,山西省大同市人,工程师,现从事采矿技术研究工作。

Numerical Simulation Analysis on Stability of Old Underground Space in Sanheming Iron Mine of Baotou Steel
Jianwen Han
Affiliations
  • Baotou Steel Mining Co., Ltd., Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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文章利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对三合明铁矿地下老空间的稳定性进行了分析,研究了在自重应力场作用下老空间的应力、位移、塑性区分布规律。通过对老空间在自重应力场作用下的稳定性分析,旨在判断老空间是否稳定,为矿山老空间治理提供有效的防治措施,确保矿产资源的安全、高效开采。通过三维建模及数值计算,认为老空间在自重应力场作用下稳定性良好,研究成果可为类似铁矿地下采空区稳定性分析提供参考,对保障矿山安全生产、降低地质灾害风险具有一定的指导作用,对推动三合明铁矿矿产资源可持续发展具有重要意义。

数值模拟  /  稳定性  /  位移场  /  应力场

In this article, the stability of old underground space in Sanheming Iron Mine is analyzed with the FLAC3D numerical simulation software as well as distribution laws of stress, displacement and plastic zone of old space with effects of self weight stress field are studied. It is aimed at judging whether old space is stable to analyze the stability of old space with effects of its self weight stress field in order to provide effective preventive measures for managing old space of mine as well as ensure safe and efficient mining of mineral resources. The stability of old space with effects of self weight stress field is considered to be good through 3D modeling and numerical calculations. The study results can provide references for stability analysis of underground goaf in similar iron mines, which is with certain guiding role in ensuring safe production and reducing geological disaster risks as well as significances to promote sustainable development of mineral resources of Sanheming Iron Mine.

numerical simulation  /  stability  /  displacement field  /  stress field
韩建文. 包钢三合明铁矿地下老空间稳定性数值模拟分析. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (1) : 4 -8 .
Jianwen Han. Numerical Simulation Analysis on Stability of Old Underground Space in Sanheming Iron Mine of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (1) : 4 -8 .
矿山地下老空间具有隐伏性强、空间分布规律性差、顶板冒落塌陷难以预测等特点,随着矿山开采活动的进行,易于发生空区坍塌事故,对井下人员和设备安全构成了较大威胁。数值模拟研究作为一种定性或准定量评价岩体稳定性的方法,在矿山岩体稳定性研究过程中是一种较为常见的研究手段。结合有限元或有限容积的概念,通过数值计算和图像显示的方法,解决类似工程问题和物理问题。基于数值模拟对老空间稳定性的分析,加强对矿山安全隐患区域的监测,提出有效的治理方案,能有效地控制和预防井下灾害的发生,对矿山的安全生产具有十分重要的意义。
包钢三合明铁矿西部异常区开采方式为地下开采,目前矿区有2条斜井、1条竖井和2个开拓水平,矿区内存在老采空巷道,老空间积水主要分布在历史竖井与巷道中,最低标高为1 550 m,部分空间还存在积水,巷道南部曾存在历史塌陷。早期矿区采出大量矿岩后,形成的地下老空间,容易形成地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,老空间也易出现大量积水威胁后期采矿安全。矿区出露的地层比较简单,地表大部分被第四系覆盖,岩矿层倾向120°~175°,倾角37°~75°,整个矿区受构造影响,岩层产状变化较为频繁。
三合明铁矿地下老空间分布形态如图1所示,利用三维激光扫描仪对三合明铁矿地下老空间进行了空间探测扫描,两条倾斜的是斜井。从图中可以发现,在1 600 m水平主要布置了沿脉巷道等部分开拓工程,而1 550 m水平除了沿脉巷道等开拓巷道,还有部分穿脉巷道等采切工程,形成了较为完整的回采条件。
数值模拟软件选择目前岩土和采矿行业应用广泛的FLAC3D软件,该软件主要用于模拟计算岩土材料的力学行为。计算模型中,材料通过单元表示,根据计算对象的形状构成相应的网格。每个单元在外部载荷和边界约束条件下,按照约定的线性或非线性应力、应变关系产生力学响应。FLAC3D是为岩土工程应用而开发的计算软件,程序具有反映地质材料力学效应的特殊计算功能,可计算地质类材料的高度非线性力学行为[1]。基于FLAC3D的上述计算功能与特点,本研究采用FLAC3D进行数值模拟研究。
根据矿山提供的剖面图和地表地形数据,建立矿体及地表三维模型,见图2
通过对矿区地表、矿体及地层界线数据的提取和分析,建立了矿区数值计算模型,如图3所示。模型选取范围:x方向地理坐标范围为37 497 600~37 498 550,模型中对应坐标范围为0~950 m;y方向地理坐标范围为4 578 200~4 579 400,模型中对应坐标范围为0~1 200 m;z方向实际坐标范围为1 000 m至地表,模型中坐标与实际一致。模型x方向长950 m,y方向长1 200 m,模型单元总数611 926个。
数值模拟计算中矿体及围岩力学参数,根据《内蒙古自治区达尔罕茂明安联合旗三合明矿区西部(Ⅴ线北东段)铁矿资源储量核实报告》中的岩石物理力学试验结果,按照Hoek-Brown准则并参考《工程岩体分级标准》(GB 50218—2014)得出数值模拟中采用的计算参数,见表1[2],表中各岩性参数取经验值。
图4所示,建立了三合明矿区地表(a)以及地下老空间(b)FLAC3D数值模型。为了方便计算,建立一个长×宽×高为600 m×600 m×300 m的模型,共划分了100万个单元,将三合明铁矿地表部分区域以及地下老空间采集到的区域全部建模于一体。
本次利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件建立了三合明矿区和地下老空间的数值计算模型,通过软件分析以确定目前状态下老空间的稳定性,为矿山后续工作开展提供理论依据[3]
利用FLAC3D建立了矿区地表的数值模型,主要以矿体及老空间附近的地表为中心建立了一个长宽均为600 m,向下延伸300 m的矿区模型,利用该模型进行自重应力场作用下的矿区稳定性分析,该工况假设矿区没有老空间,即该区域初始状态下的稳定性分析,分析结果如图5所示。
图5中(a)、(b)分别为矿区在自重应力场作用下稳定后的最小主应力和最大主应力云图,可以看出在自重应力场作用下,矿区在最小主应力状态下主要呈现为压应力状态,压应力值最大为7.88 MPa;在最大主应力状态下,矿区地表主要呈现为拉应力状态,其拉应力值最大为0.6 MPa左右,而矿区底部呈现为压应力状态;矿区内部岩体应力分布较为均匀,并未出现较大的应力集中区域。总体来说,岩体应力分布均匀,在允许范围之内,整个矿区可以保证足够的稳定性。
图6(a)、(b)分别为开挖后老空间在自重应力场作用下,稳定后的最小主应力和最大主应力云图,可以看出在自重应力场作用下,老空间在最小主应力状态下主要呈现为压应力状态,其应力值最大为20 MPa;在最大主应力状态下,矿区地表主要呈现为拉应力状态,其应力值最大为1.76 MPa。
根据最小主应力云图,可以发现,上部巷道的压应力值较小,下部巷道的压应力值较大,随着巷道逐步向下延伸,巷道内岩石承受上部的岩石越来越多,因而压力越来越大;结合最大主应力云图可以发现,在巷道交岔口附近主要呈现为拉应力状态,且主要集中于巷道顶板,由于交岔口附近巷道顶板局部变形大,自由面较多,围岩呈现受拉状态。总体来说,在目前状态下,老空间在自重应力场作用下岩体应力分布均匀,各应力值均在允许范围之内,整个巷道也可以保证足够的稳定性。
图7为开挖后老空间在自重应力场作用下的位移云图,其中(b)图为1 550 m水平斜井与巷道交岔口附近截图。从图中可以发现,老空间位移较大区域主要集中在巷道交岔口附近,且主要集中在巷道顶板,最大位移值为2.09 mm,结合最大主应力云图可知,在巷道交岔口附近,巷道顶板所承受压力最大,在承压状态下,顶板围岩受拉导致局部变形增大,因而在交岔口附近,所承受的应力为拉应力,其位移值也最大。
图8为开挖后老空间在自重应力场作用下,稳定后的塑性区云图,其中(a)图为整体稳定性塑性区分析图,(b)图为地下老空间单独显示的塑性区图,(c)图为靠近地表斜井口附近塑性区截图,(d)图为1 550 m水平斜井与巷道交岔口附近截图。
从图中可以看出在自重应力场作用下,老空间主要呈现为剪切屈服和拉伸屈服。通过(a)、(b)两图可以发现,塑性区主要集中于老空间内各巷道交岔口附近;结合(c)、(d)两图可以发现,在巷道两帮主要呈现为剪切屈服(红色部分),而在巷道顶板主要呈现为拉伸屈服(蓝色、深绿色部分)。结合最大主应力云图和位移云图,可以发现在巷道交岔口附近,巷道顶板所承受压力最大,在承压状态下,顶板围岩受拉导致局部变形增大,呈现拉伸屈服,因而在交岔口附近,所承受的应力为拉应力,其位移值也最大,顶板呈现拉伸屈服。
(1)矿区初始状态下在自重应力场作用下内部岩体应力分布较为均匀,并未出现较大的应力集中区域,岩体应力分布在允许范围之内,整个矿区可以保证足够的稳定性。
(2)通过对比应力云图、位移云图以及塑性区云图发现,开挖后老空间在巷道交岔口附近,巷道顶板所承受压力最大,在承压状态下,顶板围岩受拉导致局部变形增大,呈现拉伸屈服,因而在交岔口附近,所承受的应力为拉应力,其位移值也最大,顶板呈现拉伸屈服,且其值均在允许范围之内,老空间稳定性良好。
参考文献 引证文献
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-05
  • 首发时间:2025-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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