Article(id=1185887588960322468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)03-0050-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760667233933, onlineDateStr=2025-10-17, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760667233933, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760667233933, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760667233933, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1185882038939825058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760665910706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316917348, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201195470770102709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201195470770102710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=50, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187122785097761249, articleId=1185887588960322468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Influencing Factors and Control Methods for Fluctuation of Bottom Width Size for 60 kg/m 100 m High Speed Rail, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of dimension precision of rails on stable operations of high speed train are important as well as the fluctuation of bottom width size for 60 kg/m 100 m high speed rail influences its production, delivery and use. The control methods are proposed from such four aspects as heating of billets, pass design, rolling parameters and tension of continuous mill through analyzing the main influencing factors that cause fluctuation of bottom width size for high speed rail in rolling process. The implementation effects showed that the fluctuation range of bottom width size for rail could be narrowed as well as product quality and production efficiency of rail could be improved with correct and appropriate control methods.

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钢轨尺寸精度对于高速列车的稳定运行有重要的影响,60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动影响钢轨生产与交付使用。通过分析高速钢轨在轧制过程中造成底宽尺寸波动的主要影响因素,从钢坯加热、孔型设计、轧制参数和连轧机张力四个方面提出了控制方法。实施效果表明,控制方法正确得当,缩小了钢轨底宽尺寸波动范围,提高了钢轨产品质量和生产效率。

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张勇军(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事轧钢技术管理工作。

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张勇军(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事轧钢技术管理工作。

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张勇军(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事轧钢技术管理工作。

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孔型顺序 轨头延伸系数 轨腰延伸系数 轨底延伸系数 轨底宽度尺寸/mm
1孔 1.2~1.3 1.1~1.2 1.2~1.3 215~220
2孔 1.3~1.4 1.1~1.3 1.3~1.4 180~190
3孔 1.1~1.3 1.2~1.3 1.1~1.3 155~160
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BD2孔型参数优化设计

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孔型顺序 轨头延伸系数 轨腰延伸系数 轨底延伸系数 轨底宽度尺寸/mm
1孔 1.2~1.3 1.1~1.2 1.2~1.3 215~220
2孔 1.3~1.4 1.1~1.3 1.3~1.4 180~190
3孔 1.1~1.3 1.2~1.3 1.1~1.3 155~160
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轧制道次 UR轨底立辊 E轧边机 UF轨底立辊
1 1.1~1.2 1.01~1.05 -
2 1.2~1.3 - -
3 1.2~1.3 1.02~1.03 1.05~1.07
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CCS各机架轨底立辊及轧边机压下系数分配

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轧制道次 UR轨底立辊 E轧边机 UF轨底立辊
1 1.1~1.2 1.01~1.05 -
2 1.2~1.3 - -
3 1.2~1.3 1.02~1.03 1.05~1.07
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项目 0 m 5 m 25 m 50 m 75 m 100 m 最大波动值
优化前 150.3 149.2 149.4 149.7 150.0 150.5 1.3
优化后 150.0 149.8 149.8 149.9 150.0 150.1 0.3
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工艺优化前后底宽尺寸波动对比mm

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项目 0 m 5 m 25 m 50 m 75 m 100 m 最大波动值
优化前 150.3 149.2 149.4 149.7 150.0 150.5 1.3
优化后 150.0 149.8 149.8 149.9 150.0 150.1 0.3
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60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动影响因素及控制方法
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张勇军 1 , 李永强 1 , 董捷 2 , 王俊林 1 , 唐杰 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025,51(3): 50-53
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025, 51(3): 50-53
60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动影响因素及控制方法
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张勇军1, 李永强1, 董捷2, 王俊林1, 唐杰1
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司轨梁轧钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张勇军(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事轧钢技术管理工作。

Influencing Factors and Control Methods for Fluctuation of Bottom Width Size for 60 kg/m 100 m High Speed Rail
Yongjun Zhang1, Yongqiang Li1, Jie Dong2, Junlin Wang1, Jie Tang1
Affiliations
  • 1. Rail and Beam Rolling Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2. Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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钢轨尺寸精度对于高速列车的稳定运行有重要的影响,60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动影响钢轨生产与交付使用。通过分析高速钢轨在轧制过程中造成底宽尺寸波动的主要影响因素,从钢坯加热、孔型设计、轧制参数和连轧机张力四个方面提出了控制方法。实施效果表明,控制方法正确得当,缩小了钢轨底宽尺寸波动范围,提高了钢轨产品质量和生产效率。

高速钢轨  /  底宽尺寸  /  影响因素  /  工艺优化

The effects of dimension precision of rails on stable operations of high speed train are important as well as the fluctuation of bottom width size for 60 kg/m 100 m high speed rail influences its production, delivery and use. The control methods are proposed from such four aspects as heating of billets, pass design, rolling parameters and tension of continuous mill through analyzing the main influencing factors that cause fluctuation of bottom width size for high speed rail in rolling process. The implementation effects showed that the fluctuation range of bottom width size for rail could be narrowed as well as product quality and production efficiency of rail could be improved with correct and appropriate control methods.

high speed rail  /  bottom width size  /  influencing factor  /  process optimization
张勇军, 李永强, 董捷, 王俊林, 唐杰. 60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动影响因素及控制方法. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (3) : 50 -53 .
Yongjun Zhang, Yongqiang Li, Jie Dong, Junlin Wang, Jie Tang. Influencing Factors and Control Methods for Fluctuation of Bottom Width Size for 60 kg/m 100 m High Speed Rail[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (3) : 50 -53 .
高速铁路作为现代交通的重要组成部分,对钢轨的尺寸精度要求极高。百米高速钢轨作为铁路轨道的“基石”,其底宽尺寸的控制成为轧制过程中的技术难点[1]。钢轨底宽尺寸波动是指钢轨轧制过程中轨底宽度尺寸在轧件通长上的变化。本文结合现场生产经验,分析了钢坯温度、轧辊孔型、轧机参数以及连轧机架间张力对底宽尺寸波动的影响,提出了控制底宽尺寸波动的方法。
包钢轨梁厂现有2座步进式加热炉,配置先进的数字化脉冲烧嘴,可满足不同材质钢轨坯料的加热要求,钢坯温度均匀,氧化烧损少,脱碳少[2]。步进式加热炉由预热段、加热段、均热段组成,其中均热段温度控制在1 200~1 260 ℃之间,正常匀速连续生产过程中,同一支钢坯出炉温度波动范围在30 ℃左右。钢坯在轧制过程中,随着轧制道次的增加,轧件断面尺寸越来越小,轧件长度则越来越长,这就导致在同一孔型中轧件尾部的变形温度低于头部。以CCS万能轧机第三道次为例,轧件尾部进UF精轧的时间较头部晚约30 s,使得头、尾温差可达40~50 ℃,导致轧件头、尾部的延伸和展宽不一致,进而影响钢轨成品底宽尺寸的一致性。
孔型设计直接关系到钢轨的断面尺寸和形状,是决定钢轨尺寸的关键环节。60 kg/m高速钢轨采用280 mm×380 mm矩形坯轧制,经BD1轧制7道次后成为帽型,再经BD2轧制3道次后成为轨型,最后3道次相继通过CCS万能机组UR轧机、E轧机和UF轧机,直接轧出成品钢轨。
BD1、BD2轧制孔型如图1图2所示。如果孔型设计不合理,在帽型孔和轨型孔轧制过程中,轧件不能充满孔型,特别是轧件轨底部分得不到充分加工,将会导致供CCS万能轧机中间坯料底宽尺寸的波动。
CCS万能轧机包括UR和UF两架四辊万能轧机,再加上一架E轧边机。轨型轧件通过UR轧机轧制三个道次,E轧边机轧制两个道次,UF轧机轧制一个道次。在最后3道次轧制过程中,三架轧机共同形成连轧关系,如图3所示。
轧件通过UR、UF轧机轧制时,轨底宽度方向不受孔型约束,属于自由展宽。如果发生坯料尺寸、轧件温度波动,必然会导致轧制过程中轨底宽度尺寸的变化。最后在成品道次,轧件经UF轧机轧制为成品,若其底部立辊压下量过大,会加剧底宽尺寸的波动,如图4所示。
图5所示,E轧边机的主要作用就是控制轨头、轨底宽度,如果轧制工艺参数设置不合理,轨底部位得不到合理的加工,势必会导致底宽尺寸的波动。
CCS机组轧制过程中,轧件在连轧机架间张力分配不合理,会出现“堆钢”或者“拉钢”的现象。从生产经验看,“堆钢”轧制会导致钢轨断面尺寸在长度方向上越来越大;而“拉钢”轧制会导致钢轨断面尺寸越来越小。合理的张力控制是稳定轧件尺寸的关键参数之一。
为减小轧制过程中由于温降导致的轧件头、尾温差,优化加热方法,对钢坯尾部温降进行补偿,保持钢坯尾部温度较头部高30 ℃左右,在轧制过程中让头、尾温度相近,减小因温差导致的轨底宽展量的变化。
图6所示,在BD1帽型孔轧制过程中,轨底宽度方向是一个自由展宽的过程,轧制过程中要求BD1帽型孔上辊槽口宽度尺寸合适,保证金属能充满孔型。如果底宽尺寸得不到孔型约束,则会出现较大波动。
图7所示,BD2孔型前2道次均为闭口孔,执行切分轧制功能,道次变形量大,其切分质量直接决定了钢轨头、腰和底的金属分配比例。在孔型设计时,必须合理分配轧件头、腰、底三部分的金属比例,保证轧件充满孔型,否则后续轧制中,轧件在孔型中发生失稳,导致经万能轧制后出现各部位尺寸不一致的现象。优化设计后的60 kg/m高速钢轨BD2各孔型头、腰、底延伸系数及底宽尺寸控制要求如表1所示。
百米高速钢轨CCS机组轧制顺序为UR-E-UR-UR-E-UF,其中对轨底尺寸约束作用最大的是E轧边机,E轧边机对钢轨底部进行两次加工,作用就是控制UR轧制中轨底自由展宽造成的尺寸波动。轧制工艺优化思路是在UF精轧机轧制成品前,轨底尺寸的调整基本完成,故适度增加UR轧机轨底立辊的压下量,减小UF轧机底部立辊的压下量,减少UF轧机轨底宽度尺寸的波动。通过工艺调整和现场测试,CCS机组各机架轨底立辊及E轧边机压下系数分配设计如表2所示。
轨梁厂两条产线通过优化升级TCS控制系统,增加了带钢调整辊缝的功能,通过扩大或减小不同位置E轧边机辊缝,可进一步减少底宽尺寸的波动。
CCS机组轧机张力调整的原则是尽量保持三机架之间的张力最小,理想状态是既不堆钢也不拉钢。一般来说,堆钢控制方法:①增加后机架的轧制速度或减小轧辊工作直径;②减小前机架的轧制速度或增加轧辊工作直径。拉钢控制方法:①减小后机架的轧制速度或增加轧辊工作直径;②增加前机架的轧制速度或减小轧辊工作直径。轨梁厂两条产线CCS机架间张力控制采用了不同方法,1#线是通过调整三架轧机的轧制速度来控制张力,2#线主要通过调整轧辊工作直径来控制张力。
通过降低钢坯头、尾温差,优化BD2孔型设计,优化CCS各机架轨底立辊和轧边机压下系数,以及机架间零张力控制,加上轧制过程中带钢调整辊缝,将60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动范围控制在0.3 mm以内,较以前大幅降低,如表3所示。
通过分析60 kg/m百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸波动的影响因素,有针对性地优化钢坯加热、孔型设计、CCS万能轧制工艺等,解决了钢轨底宽尺寸波动大的问题,将百米高速钢轨底宽尺寸的波动范围缩小了70%以上,提高了钢轨实物质量,为高速列车安全运行创造了有利条件。
参考文献 引证文献
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陶功明, 赵云, 杨伟, 等. 钢轨断面尺寸通长波动控制模型研究及应用[J]. 轧钢, 2013, 30(2):35-39.
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郭运峰. 钢轨通长尺寸波动的原因分析及改进[J]. 山西冶金, 2023, 46(5):239-240,250.
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  • 首发时间:2025-10-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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    1.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司轨梁轧钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2.内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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