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In this paper, the construction technology of stay cable for Lanzhou Chaijiaxia Yellow River Bridge is discussed. The general thinking of construction is proposed, construction equipment is designed, selected, stretched and hung up as well as key points of construction and solution are determined so that the technical problems in construction of stretching and hanging up stay cable under complicated condition are solved through systematic study of construction scheme for stretching and hanging up stay cable, which could provide reference examples for the similar constructions in future.

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文章论述了兰州柴家峡黄河大桥斜拉索施工技术。通过对斜拉索张挂施工方案的系统研究,提出施工总体思路,设计选定张挂施工机具,确定施工要点及解决方案,解决了复杂条件下斜拉索张挂施工的技术难题,为今后类似工程施工提供了参考范例。

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郝志敏(1984-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事施工技术管理工作。

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郝志敏(1984-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事施工技术管理工作。

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郝志敏(1984-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事施工技术管理工作。

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序号 斜拉索规格 拉索外径
/mm
根数 最大长度
/mm
最短长度
/mm
单根最大重量
/kg
单根最小重量
/kg
1 PES7-139 111 24 89 471 51 993 4 589 2 876
2 PES7-151 113 20 128 693 62 858 6 832 3 593
3 PES7-187 125 40 230 237 69 058 14 498 4 699
4 PES7-211 133 28 169 914 75 836 12 156 5 691
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斜拉索规格型号及数量表

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序号 斜拉索规格 拉索外径
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/mm
最短长度
/mm
单根最大重量
/kg
单根最小重量
/kg
1 PES7-139 111 24 89 471 51 993 4 589 2 876
2 PES7-151 113 20 128 693 62 858 6 832 3 593
3 PES7-187 125 40 230 237 69 058 14 498 4 699
4 PES7-211 133 28 169 914 75 836 12 156 5 691
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兰州西固柴家峡大桥斜拉索施工技术
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郝志敏 , 吕洁
包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2025,51(3): 59-62
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包钢科技 | 设备与自动化 2025, 51(3): 59-62
兰州西固柴家峡大桥斜拉索施工技术
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郝志敏, 吕洁
作者信息
  • 中国二冶集团有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 郝志敏(1984-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事施工技术管理工作。

Construction Technology of Stay Cable for Chaijiaxia Bridge in Xigu District of Lanzhou
Zhimin Hao, Jie Lv
Affiliations
  • China Second Metallurgy Group Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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文章论述了兰州柴家峡黄河大桥斜拉索施工技术。通过对斜拉索张挂施工方案的系统研究,提出施工总体思路,设计选定张挂施工机具,确定施工要点及解决方案,解决了复杂条件下斜拉索张挂施工的技术难题,为今后类似工程施工提供了参考范例。

塔端  /  梁端  /  斜拉索  /  张挂  /  索力

In this paper, the construction technology of stay cable for Lanzhou Chaijiaxia Yellow River Bridge is discussed. The general thinking of construction is proposed, construction equipment is designed, selected, stretched and hung up as well as key points of construction and solution are determined so that the technical problems in construction of stretching and hanging up stay cable under complicated condition are solved through systematic study of construction scheme for stretching and hanging up stay cable, which could provide reference examples for the similar constructions in future.

end of tower  /  beam end  /  stay cable  /  stretch and hang up  /  cable force
郝志敏, 吕洁. 兰州西固柴家峡大桥斜拉索施工技术. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (3) : 59 -62 .
Zhimin Hao, Jie Lv. Construction Technology of Stay Cable for Chaijiaxia Bridge in Xigu District of Lanzhou[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (3) : 59 -62 .
兰州西固柴家峡大桥至港务区大桥联络线工程西起新城黄河大桥北侧G109国道,东至西沙桥,全长约11 km。柴家峡大桥为该工程第三标段,位于柴家峡水电站以东,横跨黄河,西起G109国道,东接北环路,桥梁全长1.25 km,与西行线G109国道形成“交通双通道”,更好地服务区域发展。
柴家峡大桥全长1.25 km,主桥为双塔六跨半漂浮体系钢梁斜拉桥,南塔高102 m,北塔高118 m,左岸斜拉桥面平面呈弧线形,右岸斜拉桥面平面基本上呈直线形,左岸桥面曲线半径为600 m。主桥设计主塔跨径为360 m,斜拉索采用双索面扇形布置,全桥拉索分成PES7-139、PES7-151、PES7-187、PES7-211四种规格,合计112根,其中南塔索面44根,北塔索面68根,单根最大索长230.237 m,单根最大索重14.498 t,斜拉索规格型号见表1。斜拉索梁端通过锚拉板锚固于钢主梁上,纵向索距锚跨为7 m,中跨为12 m。南北塔端采用锚块锚固,竖向间距为2 m。斜拉索采用Φ7 mm镀锌平行钢丝拉索体系,钢丝直径为7 mm,标准强度为1 770 MPa,双层PE护套防护,拉索预埋管内安装内置式高性能阻尼器,利用高阻尼橡胶耗能减振。
斜拉索张挂施工主要包括索运输、索上桥面、展索、挂设、张拉、索力检测、索力调整及减振装置安装等工序。挂张施工采用先塔端展开、安装,然后梁上牵引安装,并在塔顶张拉的施工技术。依据斜拉索重量、锚固牵引力大小以及张拉施工空间要求,斜拉索索盘运输至现场塔吊附近场地堆放,再按照斜拉索的安装先后顺序批次运至桥面。南、北塔索面斜拉索安装以塔柱纵向轴线为中心,由塔柱近端向远端依次对称安装,南、北塔近端NL-MLS1到NL-MLS7、SL-MLS1至RL-MLS7(NR-MLS1到NR-MLS7、SR-MLS1至SR-MLS7)斜拉索由近端向远端依次对称利用北塔塔吊配合电动葫芦完成挂设。南、北塔远端NL-MLS8到NL-MLS11、SL-MLS8至RL-MLS17(NR-MLS8到NR-MLS11、SR-MLS8至SR-MLS17)斜拉索采用软牵引依次对称牵引,完成挂设[1]
考虑塔上拉索安装,主塔塔吊起重能力不足以起吊斜拉索,通过计算,需要在塔顶设一部吊装支架。塔顶吊装支架,以8 t卷扬机作为斜拉索提升动力,提升斜拉索,进行塔端拉索的安装。同时桥面主跨和边跨主塔旁各设置2台8 t起吊卷扬机,再各布置一台5 t梁上拉索安装卷扬机,斜拉索张挂施工平面布置见图1
张挂施工前,根据设计提供的索长、索重、斜度等相关参数,对每组索张拉端螺母旋平锚杯时的牵引力以及安装过程中锚头距索管口不同距离时的牵引力进行计算,确定软牵引钢绞线束数量、长度及牵引力,以综合选择安装方案和设备。斜拉索挂索索力按公式(1)计算[2],计算得出安装牵引索力与接长距离关系。
ΔL=L0-L+ ω 2 L X 2 L 0 24 T 2- T L A E
式中:ΔL为斜拉索锚头距离锚垫板端部中心距离,m;L0为斜拉索锚板中心几何间距,m;L为斜拉索长度,m; ω 2 L X 2 L 0 24 T 2为斜拉索垂度修正值(其中:ω为斜拉索单位长度重量,kN/m;LX为斜拉索水平投影长度,m;T为斜拉索挂索牵引力,kN); T L A E为斜拉索伸长量修正值(其中:A为斜拉索横截面积,m2;E为斜拉索弹性模量,N/m2)。
斜拉索挂设展索最大单根重量为14.498 t,用塔吊或汽车吊把拉索吊放在索盘内,移动至塔旁,拉索的展开在吊装提升过程中进行。如果在斜拉索塔上端安装完成后斜拉索还没有全部展开,将通过反牵引索盘使索盘中剩余的索在桥面上展开。在展索过程中,每4~5 m放置一个捆绑式支承小车,避免拉索与桥面摩擦损坏,且在展索过程中派专人跟踪检查,随时调整支承小车间距,保证拉索不与桥面接触。
塔端拉索安装以塔外提升为主,塔内卷扬机牵引为辅。为使斜拉索准确穿过塔上索导管,塔内牵引卷扬机的钢丝绳经过滑车,在塔内锚固面处穿过塔上索导管,拉至桥面与待吊装斜拉索锚端连接,启动塔内卷扬机牵引提升锚头,塔顶桁吊(塔吊)同步配合提升斜拉索。当拉索端部提升至索导管入口时,塔内卷扬机缓慢提升拉索,卷扬机钢丝绳逐步收紧,主塔塔顶塔架10 t滑车或主塔塔吊同时提升拉索,使拉索端部进入索导管,当塔内钢丝绳把拉索锚端拉出索导管锚垫板孔后,旋紧锚头螺母,塔端斜拉索临时锚固完成,拆解提升和牵引设备,完成斜拉索塔端挂设。斜拉索塔端挂设安装见图2
斜拉索桥面主梁锚固端采用桥面锚拉板形式,作业人员可在桥面上直接进行拉索下端锚具安装。在桥面主梁索导管口后焊接3块反拉耳板,安装10 t HSY型环链电动葫芦,用于拉索反牵引。在距梁端锚杯3~6 m处的索体上安装专用索夹,采用吊带与梁面牵引系统连接,索夹上设置吊点,用吊车(或叉车)吊起吊点,启动桥面卷扬机牵引系统。当锚杯牵引到梁面锚拉板管口时,用吊车或叉车调整拉索角度,使拉索索体角度与索导管角度基本一致。缓慢启动卷扬机牵引,当锚杯露出梁上锚垫板5~10 cm时,停止牵引,施工人员将锚固螺母旋入锚杯上2~3扣后,再继续牵引,同时旋紧锚固螺母,直至将螺母拧至设计位置,完成梁端锚固。如果安装索力过大,在锚端处增加手动葫芦的拉力,或者采用反顶装置协助锚端进入梁上锚固点,使锚具锚固在设计位置。拉索梁上挂张现场施工见图3
根据设计和监控指令,对斜拉索由近端向远端依次对称进行张拉和索力调整,斜拉索必须进行两阶段张拉,均在塔端张拉。张拉采取拉力值与索伸长量双控原则进行。4台张拉设备对称同步分级张拉,随拉随紧索头螺帽,防止意外发生。张拉严控张拉设备拉力值差,每台张拉设备的拉力值相差不得大于1 MPa,张拉过程中严禁振动或触碰油压表[3]。斜拉索张拉至设计索力值后,通过索力和标高测量监控数据分析决定是否进行索力调整。索力终值误差不大于张拉设计误差值的±5%,用传感测索仪校准[3]。在斜拉索的张拉及索力调整过程中,同步监测桥面高程、变形、应力、位移变化值和主塔受力后的位移、变形、应力变化值,及时反馈偏差信息以便调整斜拉索受力姿态。当全桥完成合拢后,还应根据成桥二次荷载及成桥线形进行二次索力调整,同时测量主塔偏移及桥面高程,一旦偏移或高程超过设计偏差值,将根据监控指令对相关斜拉索索力再次进行微调,来反向调整主塔塔顶偏移量及主梁高程值,当塔顶偏移量及主梁高程满足设计允许误差要求后,将临时锚固转换成永久索压锚,即完成该索的塔端张拉锚固。斜拉索塔端张拉施工见图4
张拉千斤顶根据斜拉索的张拉控制力进行选择,尽量使每根斜拉索的张拉控制力只达到所用千斤顶允许张拉力的50%~85%范围内。斜拉索张拉采用“液压千斤顶-油”系统,通过“油压-力值”关系控制张拉力,张拉油泵选择根据OLM系列产品配套使用情况予以确定,油压表精度不低于1.5级,标定用的试验机或传感器精度不低于0.4级,油泵选用ZB-800型超高压油泵。
柴家峡大桥位于地震高发区,通过优化桥梁结构,辅以减震、隔震措施来提高其抗震性能。通过在桥塔处设置液压非线性粘滞阻尼器,可有效减小桥梁结构关键部位位移,受力条件明显改善,避免或减轻结构之间的变形碰撞。通过测量支架与预埋件之间安装距离,将阻尼器压缩至安装距离,待安装工作完成后,再将阻尼器回弹至设计长度,与连接架焊接。
通过工程实践提出塔端挂索、放索、梁端压锚、塔端张拉、索力调整等施工要点及解决方案,全过程总结了斜拉索张挂施工技术。斜拉索索力控制精准,施工效率高,工程质量稳定可靠,为今后类似工程施工提供了参考案例。
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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    中国二冶集团有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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