Article(id=1185882039384421283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)03-0026-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741881600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1760665910812, onlineDateStr=2025-10-17, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760665910812, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1760665910811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760665910811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1185882038939825058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1760665910706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316917348, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201195470770102709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201195470770102710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1185882038939825058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1187122780756656490, articleId=1185882039384421283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Practices on Reducing COD in Biological Dephenolization System, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the effects of such factors as high load operation, excessive concentration of volatile phenols and microbial poisoning on system stability are systematically analyzed aiming at the practical problem of abnormal increase of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in effluent of biological dephenolization system of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Qinghua Coal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.. The COD in effluent is successfully reduced to standard level within two months so that operation pressure of subsequent advanced water treatment system is significantly relieved by adopting such comprehensive measures as reducing load of inlet, optimizing dissolved oxygen concentration, adding COD degrading bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, supplementing alkalinity to stabilize pH value, adding pulverized fuel ash into oxic tank to adsorb toxic substances as well as adjusting the strategies of sludge return and spoil disposal.

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文章针对内蒙古包钢庆华煤化工有限公司生物脱酚系统出水化学需氧量(COD)异常升高的实际问题,系统分析了高负荷运行、挥发酚浓度超标及微生物中毒等因素对系统稳定性的影响。通过采取降低进水负荷、优化溶解氧浓度、投加除COD菌与硝化菌种、补充碱度以稳定pH值、向好氧池投加粉煤灰吸附有毒物质,以及调整污泥回流与排泥策略等综合措施,成功在两个月内使出水COD降至标准水平,显著缓解后续深度水处理系统的运行压力。

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李 威(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事焦化水处理生产管理工作。

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李 威(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事焦化水处理生产管理工作。

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李 威(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事焦化水处理生产管理工作。

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试验 原水 投加50 mg/L粉煤灰 投加100 mg/L粉煤灰 投加200 mg/L粉煤灰
第一次 148.96 86.24 141.12 180.32
第二次 156.80 101.92 152.35 191.28
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不同浓度的粉煤灰对挥发酚浓度的影响mg/L

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试验 原水 投加50 mg/L粉煤灰 投加100 mg/L粉煤灰 投加200 mg/L粉煤灰
第一次 148.96 86.24 141.12 180.32
第二次 156.80 101.92 152.35 191.28
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降低生物脱酚系统COD生产实践
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李威 , 陈玮 , 宋馥宜
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(3): 26-28
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(3): 26-28
降低生物脱酚系统COD生产实践
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李威, 陈玮, 宋馥宜
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢庆华煤化工有限公司,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 014400
  • 李 威(1985-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事焦化水处理生产管理工作。

Production Practices on Reducing COD in Biological Dephenolization System
Wei Li, Wei Chen, Fuyi Song
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Qinghua Coal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Bayannur 014400,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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文章针对内蒙古包钢庆华煤化工有限公司生物脱酚系统出水化学需氧量(COD)异常升高的实际问题,系统分析了高负荷运行、挥发酚浓度超标及微生物中毒等因素对系统稳定性的影响。通过采取降低进水负荷、优化溶解氧浓度、投加除COD菌与硝化菌种、补充碱度以稳定pH值、向好氧池投加粉煤灰吸附有毒物质,以及调整污泥回流与排泥策略等综合措施,成功在两个月内使出水COD降至标准水平,显著缓解后续深度水处理系统的运行压力。

生物脱酚系统  /  COD控制  /  粉煤灰吸附  /  微生物强化  /  工艺优化

In the paper, the effects of such factors as high load operation, excessive concentration of volatile phenols and microbial poisoning on system stability are systematically analyzed aiming at the practical problem of abnormal increase of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in effluent of biological dephenolization system of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Qinghua Coal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.. The COD in effluent is successfully reduced to standard level within two months so that operation pressure of subsequent advanced water treatment system is significantly relieved by adopting such comprehensive measures as reducing load of inlet, optimizing dissolved oxygen concentration, adding COD degrading bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, supplementing alkalinity to stabilize pH value, adding pulverized fuel ash into oxic tank to adsorb toxic substances as well as adjusting the strategies of sludge return and spoil disposal.

biological dephenolization system  /  COD control  /  adsorption of pulverized fuel ash  /  microbial augmentation  /  process optimization
李威, 陈玮, 宋馥宜. 降低生物脱酚系统COD生产实践. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (3) : 26 -28 .
Wei Li, Wei Chen, Fuyi Song. Production Practices on Reducing COD in Biological Dephenolization System[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (3) : 26 -28 .
包钢庆华煤化工公司位于巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗,设计年产焦炭210万t,有4座5.5 m捣固焦炉及相配套的煤气回收系统、焦炉气制甲醇等生产装置。生产过程中产生的蒸氨废水、循环排污水及其他生产设施产生的废水统一进入生物脱酚系统进行处理,这些废水经过处理后进入深度水处理系统,经膜处理达标后在厂内综合利用[1]
生物脱酚系统的废水主要来自煤气净化过程中产生的蒸氨废水、炼焦上升管水封排水、煤气管道冷凝液、厂内生活污水、循环冷却水排污水等。各种废水经混合后进入斜管隔油池和气浮分离器,去除废水中的悬浮杂质及部分油类污染物,然后进入厌氧水解反应器(AHCR),大分子有机物首先被水解酸化细菌分解成为小分子、易降解的有机物。出水经过沉淀池后进入缺氧反硝化反应器,通过反硝化菌的作用,使混合液回流来的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐转化为氮气以脱除总氮,补充碱度。缺氧反硝化反应器出水自流进入到好氧脱碳、脱氮反应器,通过微生物的新陈代谢充分降解废水中的有机碳化物,然后硝化菌将水中的氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮的形式。好氧脱碳、脱氮反应器出水再进入沉淀池内进行泥水分离。根据工况需要,回流2~4倍的混合液至缺氧反硝化反应器,进行反硝化反应。沉淀池出水通过高效沉淀器后进入产水池,生物脱酚系统出水最终进深度水处理系统进一步处理。
在生物脱酚系统运行过程中,在约10天的时间里逐渐出现出水水质异常的问题,主要体现在厌氧池活性污泥沉降比(SV30)降低10%~15%,出水COD和氨氮指标升高,同时好氧池泡沫增多,出水颜色明显变深等。生物脱酚系统出水指标的波动,增大了生物反应系统后吸附用活性炭的投加量,同时给后续的深度水处理系统运行带来困难,使超滤装置的运行压差升高,需要频繁对设备进行化学清洗。同时为了稳定深度水处理系统出水指标,需要调整进水水量,增加了深度水处理系统负荷,影响公司水系统的水量平衡。
由于炼焦和煤气净化等工序产生的蒸氨废水和焦化废水量较大,生物脱酚系统长期处于高负荷运行状态。焦炉生产负荷低,结焦时间长,炉温及炉顶空间温度低使煤中的大分子有机物不能够充分裂解,废水尤其是蒸氨废水中的COD和挥发酚浓度增高使生物脱酚系统的进水COD和挥发酚浓度也随之升高,调节池COD浓度能够达到3 000 mg/L以上,甚至接近4 000 mg/L,超过设计指标(≤2 500 mg/L)的20%~60%,加大了生物反应系统的处理难度。此外,调节池挥发酚波动较大且浓度长期保持较高水平,平均在900 mg/L左右,最高达1 364 mg/L,远超不大于450 mg/L的设计限值。由于来水中的挥发酚浓度升高,导致厌氧池中的微生物中毒减少,对水解、酸化反应产生了抑制,也是造成出水指标升高的原因之一[2-3]
为了尽快解决生物脱酚系统出水水质异常问题,减轻下游深度水处理系统处理负荷,保证水系统水量平衡,通过查询相关资料,结合试验以及以往运行调整经验,制定了调整方案。
开始调整时,生物脱酚系统进水负荷为100 m3/h,好氧池溶解氧在2~5 mg/L之间,温度在30 ℃左右,硝酸盐显色较弱。分析以往运行数据,系统温度较为稳定且在正常范围内,不需要调整。为了加快生化系统指标恢复,对系统负荷及好氧池溶解氧进行调整。生化系统分为两个系列,曝气池总池容为18 600 m3,有效池容为16 000 m3,二沉池总有效容积约3 000 m3。因事故池、调节池液位限制,原计划加一部分稀释水,因严重影响系统水平衡而未能实现。经过计算,将系统负荷降低到75 m3/h,将污水在系统停留时间从160 h延长至200 h左右,适当提高好氧池溶解氧,尽可能保持在4~6 mg/L之间,由于已运行的一台鼓风机已经没有放散气量,无法调整,又启动一台鼓风机增强曝气,调整后好氧池溶解氧能达到4~6 mg/L,好氧池硝化反应逐步恢复。
经过咨询、比较,投加了生物菌剂,使用除COD菌、硝化菌种,再配合投加生物菌酶促生剂,促进微生物的繁殖,提高微生物对污染物的氧化分解能力。协调污水中的土著微生物来增强系统的硝化能力,提高系统对有毒、抑制物质冲击的耐受度,可辅助降低出水污染物浓度,改善生物脱酚系统运行情况,提高废水处理系统的稳定性。
除COD菌能够分解一些人造的、难降解的有机物,同时还能够提高生化系统的稳定性。硝化菌种可以增加污水处理系统中的硝化杆菌和亚硝化单胞菌的数量,达到增强系统硝化反应的目的。生物促生剂能促进微生物的繁殖,刺激好氧有益菌分解废水中有机物,增强微生物氧化分解污染物的能力。使用以上几种菌种及药剂后,生物脱酚系统的处理能力和抗冲击性得到了显著提高。
在硝化、反硝化过程中,硝化反应每消耗7.14 g碱度才能氧化1 g氨氮,在反硝化过程中可以补偿碱度3.57 g,全程硝化、反硝化过程需要消耗3.57 g碱度。如果原水中碱度不足,将使系统的pH值下降,导致生化反应受阻。为了提高pH值,需要投加氢氧化钠补充碱度。调整前调节池氨氮浓度约为100 mg/L,好氧池两系列前端pH值在7.5左右,末端为8.0左右,碱度为300~400 mg/L,根据数据逐步增加好氧池片碱投加量,投加量从每天1 500 kg增加到每天2 250 kg。调整后系统pH值稳定在8.0~8.5,碱度为500~600 mg/L。后期,根据运行参数变化以及系统运行情况,将片碱投加量从每天2 250 kg减少到每天1 750 kg左右,稳定系统pH值和碱度,同时避免不必要的浪费。
由于上游来水中的挥发酚等有毒物质浓度较高,对系统中的细菌、微生物有毒害和抑制作用,计划通过投入吸附剂吸附降低其浓度。查阅相关资料并结合现场实际情况,准备投加锅炉粉煤灰作为吸附剂。为了保证效果,先做两组试验验证不同浓度粉煤灰对挥发酚的吸附效果。将不同浓度粉煤灰加入至泥水混合液中搅拌半小时。先检测好氧池末端原水挥发酚浓度,然后分成几份,分别投加50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L的粉煤灰,搅拌30 min后,待第二天上午检测挥发酚浓度。试验结果如表1所示,两次试验说明少量投加粉煤灰对挥发酚的去除有一定效果,但投加过量,挥发酚浓度升高。
通过试验及计算,生物脱酚系统两侧水池在正常液位情况下,水池容量约为18 600 m3,按50 mg/L浓度投加粉煤灰,每两天每侧好氧池投加粉煤灰约500 kg,投加粉煤灰半个月,生化系统出水挥发酚浓度稳定在0.5 mg/L以下,同时通过加入粉煤灰,也为稳定好氧池污泥体积SV30创造了有利条件。
调整前期,由于系统负荷较高,且挥发酚、氰化物、硫化物等有毒成分浓度较高,使系统中的微生物受到冲击,好氧池水面上有较多死泥,好氧池污泥体积SV30仅有10%~15%。为增加污泥浓度,对系统污泥回流量及排泥时间进行调整,逐步将污泥回流量从150 m3/h调整到180 m3/h。原来每天排泥70 min,换算成排泥量,约为系统负荷的2.7%,缩短排泥时间至每天45 min,换算成排泥量,约为系统负荷的1.5%左右。通过对污泥回流量和排泥时间的调整,结合上述向好氧池内添加粉煤灰,通过近一个月的调整,将系统污泥体积SV30升高到25%左右,显著增强了系统抗冲击能力。
通过采取以上几个方面的措施,经过两个月左右的调整,生物脱酚系统出水指标逐步恢复到合格范围,COD在120~130 mg/L,氨氮在5 mg/L以下,好氧池泡沫明显减少,出水颜色也恢复到正常状态,有效降低了后续深度水处理系统的运行压力,也为公司实现水平衡创造了有利条件。用硝化反应试纸进行检测,调整前硝酸盐显色较弱,硝态氮浓度在2.3 mg/L左右,调整后期,硝酸盐显色明显加深,硝态氮浓度在10 mg/L左右。硝酸盐显色愈深,说明好氧硝化反应将氨氮转化为硝态氮愈多,反映系统硝化反应愈强烈,系统运行情况有较大改善。
由于炼焦和煤气净化等工序产生的蒸氨废水和焦化废水量较大,蒸氨废水中的COD和挥发酚浓度增高,使生物脱酚系统的进水指标也随之升高,导致生物脱酚系统出水水质异常。通过采取降低进水负荷、优化溶解氧浓度、投加除COD菌与硝化菌种、补充碱度以稳定pH值、向好氧池投加粉煤灰吸附有毒物质,以及调整污泥回流与排泥策略等综合措施,经过两个月综合调控,出水COD从超标状态降至120~130 mg/L,氨氮稳定于5 mg/L以下,后续深度水处理系统运行压力显著降低。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
李康琪. 生物菌剂在煤化工废水处理中的应用[J]. 山东化工, 2022, 51(20):207-209.
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纪轩. 污水处理工必读[M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2017.
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张建丰. 活性污泥法工艺控制[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2011.
2025年第51卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2025-03-14
  • 首发时间:2025-10-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14
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    内蒙古包钢庆华煤化工有限公司,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 014400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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