Article(id=1239230400841707597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.104, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703088000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-21, revisedDate=1706457600000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-29, acceptedDate=1713110400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-15, onlineDate=1773385151347, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1750003200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385151347, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385151347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385151347, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239230393547804821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385149609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385254705, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=104, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239230401072394332, articleId=1239230400841707597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Performance of Helium-Valved Linear Compressor Motor for Space Use, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the driving component of a valved linear compressor, the matching relationship between the motor force and gas force directly affects the performance of the compressor. A simulation model of the linear motor was established based on the equivalent gas-force model. In addition, a test bench for the valved linear compressor was constructed to analyze both the simulation and experimental results under various working conditions. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a compressor across different operating scenarios while verifying the reliability of gas force linearization. When the inflation pressure and piston pressure were 0.2 MPa and 5 mm, respectively, the resonance frequency of the experiment and simulation was 50 Hz, and the motor efficiency was 84.3%. The maximum relative errors of the input work, voltage, current, and motor efficiency were 25.8%, 21.7%, 22.7%, and 13.5%, respectively. This indicates that the motor efficiency of the compressor is related to its resonance frequency and that the motor efficiency of the compressor is the highest when the resonance frequency is consistent with the operating frequency. The simulation model of the linear motor is reliable, and the calculation results for the gas load are relatively accurate.

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Ding Lei, male, special research assistant, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 86-15201921757, E-mail: . Research fields: space cryogenic mechanical refrigeration technology.
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有阀线性压缩机是空间液氦温区节流制冷机的关键部件,直线电机作为有阀线性压缩机的驱动部件,其电机力与气体力的匹配关系将直接影响压缩机的性能。基于等效气体力模型,建立了直线电机的仿真模型,搭建了有阀线性压缩机实验台,分析了不同工况下仿真结果和实验结果,研究了不同工况下的压缩机性能,并验证了气体力线性化的可靠性。研究结果表明:在充气压力为0.2 MPa和活塞行程为5 mm时,实验和仿真的共振频率均为50 Hz,电机效率为84.3%。输入功、电压、电流和电机效率最大相对误差分别为25.8%、21.7%、22.7%和13.5%。说明压缩机的电机效率与其共振频率有关,在共振频率与运行频率一致时,压缩机的电机效率最高。

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丁磊,男,特别研究助理,中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,15201921757,E-mail:。研究方向:空间低温机械制冷技术研究。
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Performance optimization analysis of linear compressors[J]. 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X活塞行程;Xc等效余隙长度;X0活塞行程和等效余隙之和;ps吸气压力;pd排气压力;pgt)腔内压力;pb背压腔压力;Ap活塞面积;TDC活塞上止点;BDC活塞下止点。

, figureFileSmall=Ad5wf+GVWFW7x4tRLr2fmw==, figureFileBig=J74BXIDU1RISA092WUCOyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230418566837097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Models of mechanical systems, figureFileSmall=6ow9sac/guABX4CKz0hPNQ==, figureFileBig=kQwBRYBKWSKt1SxqaNNynA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230418671694705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=CN, label=图2, caption=机械系统模型, figureFileSmall=6ow9sac/guABX4CKz0hPNQ==, figureFileBig=kQwBRYBKWSKt1SxqaNNynA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230418776552311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Two-dimensional simulation model of linear motor, figureFileSmall=GsK1SLJdVYXgJI2v/gameA==, figureFileBig=tU4Zz1KrbshQcxH8aFiChQ==, tableContent=null), 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label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of simulation and experimental results under different strokes, figureFileSmall=Od/djudb3NLfXASF3IxIMQ==, figureFileBig=Kk6ZfwICNvpUM+5VzOyRBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230420278113214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同行程下的模拟与实验结果对比, figureFileSmall=Od/djudb3NLfXASF3IxIMQ==, figureFileBig=Kk6ZfwICNvpUM+5VzOyRBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230420345222082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Resonant frequencies at different strokes, figureFileSmall=ifXek3UEnQBxUZc7ADKTng==, figureFileBig=RiJBGD8HAC4yoQJ3RFvscw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230420441691081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同行程下的共振频率, figureFileSmall=ifXek3UEnQBxUZc7ADKTng==, figureFileBig=RiJBGD8HAC4yoQJ3RFvscw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230420517188557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Parameters of linear motor model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
板簧刚度/(N/m)机械阻尼/(N·S/m)电阻/Ω电感/mH线圈匝数单边最大位移/mm
6 0001.51.63.91536
), ArticleFig(id=1239230420613657553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=CN, label=表1, caption=直线电机模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
板簧刚度/(N/m)机械阻尼/(N·S/m)电阻/Ω电感/mH线圈匝数单边最大位移/mm
6 0001.51.63.91536
), ArticleFig(id=1239230420697543638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Measure device performance parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备型号测量范围精度
质量流量计Bronkhorst F-111Bmg/s 0~300.5%Rd+0.1%FS
静压压力传感器WIKAP-300.6 MPa/2.5 MPa0.05%FS/1%FS
LVDT -9~9 mm±0.06 mm
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设备型号测量范围精度
质量流量计Bronkhorst F-111Bmg/s 0~300.5%Rd+0.1%FS
静压压力传感器WIKAP-300.6 MPa/2.5 MPa0.05%FS/1%FS
LVDT -9~9 mm±0.06 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1239230420827567068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230400841707597, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Experimental conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数充气压力/MPa压缩机行程/mm压缩机运行频率/Hz
数值0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25±1、±2、±3、±4、±545、50、55、60
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参数充气压力/MPa压缩机行程/mm压缩机运行频率/Hz
数值0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25±1、±2、±3、±4、±545、50、55、60
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充气压力/MPa进口压力/MPa出口压力/MPa流量/(mg/s)
0.050.019 50.0950.904
0.100.040 30.1903.126
0.150.058 60.2775.599
0.200.078 00.3558.200
0.250.098 80.44811.017
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充气压力/MPa进口压力/MPa出口压力/MPa流量/(mg/s)
0.050.019 50.0950.904
0.100.040 30.1903.126
0.150.058 60.2775.599
0.200.078 00.3558.200
0.250.098 80.44811.017
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运行频率/Hz进口压力/MPa出口压力/MPa流量/(mg/s)
400.0890.3199.150
450.0850.3299.533
500.0830.3379.867
550.0810.34910.330
600.0790.35710.640
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运行频率/Hz进口压力/MPa出口压力/MPa流量/(mg/s)
400.0890.3199.150
450.0850.3299.533
500.0830.3379.867
550.0810.34910.330
600.0790.35710.640
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活塞行程/mm进口压力/MPa出口压力/MPa流量/(mg/s)
10.1820.2323.477
20.1550.2605.874
30.1290.2887.608
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空间用氦有阀线性压缩机电机性能研究
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刘康俊 1, 2 , 沙鑫权 2 , 李子成 2 , 黄琦 2, 3 , 应孔快 2 , 丁磊 2 , 刘少帅 2, 3 , 蒋珍华 2, 3 , 吴亦农 1, 2, 3
制冷学报 | 2025,46(3): 104-112
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(3): 104-112
空间用氦有阀线性压缩机电机性能研究
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刘康俊1, 2, 沙鑫权2, 李子成2, 黄琦2, 3, 应孔快2, 丁磊2 , 刘少帅2, 3, 蒋珍华2, 3, 吴亦农1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1上海科技大学信息科学与技术学院 上海 201210
  • 2中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 上海 200083
  • 3中国科学院大学 北京 100049

通讯作者:

丁磊,男,特别研究助理,中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,15201921757,E-mail:。研究方向:空间低温机械制冷技术研究。
Performance of Helium-Valved Linear Compressor Motor for Space Use
Kangjun Liu1, 2, Xinquan Sha2, Zicheng Li2, Qi Huang2, 3, Kongkuai Ying2, Lei Ding2 , Shaoshuai Liu2, 3, Zhenhua Jiang2, 3, Yinong Wu1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
  • 2.Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
  • 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
出版时间: 2025-06-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.104
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有阀线性压缩机是空间液氦温区节流制冷机的关键部件,直线电机作为有阀线性压缩机的驱动部件,其电机力与气体力的匹配关系将直接影响压缩机的性能。基于等效气体力模型,建立了直线电机的仿真模型,搭建了有阀线性压缩机实验台,分析了不同工况下仿真结果和实验结果,研究了不同工况下的压缩机性能,并验证了气体力线性化的可靠性。研究结果表明:在充气压力为0.2 MPa和活塞行程为5 mm时,实验和仿真的共振频率均为50 Hz,电机效率为84.3%。输入功、电压、电流和电机效率最大相对误差分别为25.8%、21.7%、22.7%和13.5%。说明压缩机的电机效率与其共振频率有关,在共振频率与运行频率一致时,压缩机的电机效率最高。

有阀线性压缩机  /  气体力线性化  /  直线电机  /  电机效率  /  共振频率

As the driving component of a valved linear compressor, the matching relationship between the motor force and gas force directly affects the performance of the compressor. A simulation model of the linear motor was established based on the equivalent gas-force model. In addition, a test bench for the valved linear compressor was constructed to analyze both the simulation and experimental results under various working conditions. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a compressor across different operating scenarios while verifying the reliability of gas force linearization. When the inflation pressure and piston pressure were 0.2 MPa and 5 mm, respectively, the resonance frequency of the experiment and simulation was 50 Hz, and the motor efficiency was 84.3%. The maximum relative errors of the input work, voltage, current, and motor efficiency were 25.8%, 21.7%, 22.7%, and 13.5%, respectively. This indicates that the motor efficiency of the compressor is related to its resonance frequency and that the motor efficiency of the compressor is the highest when the resonance frequency is consistent with the operating frequency. The simulation model of the linear motor is reliable, and the calculation results for the gas load are relatively accurate.

valved linear compressor  /  linearization of gas forces  /  linear motors  /  motor efficiency  /  resonant frequency
刘康俊, 沙鑫权, 李子成, 黄琦, 应孔快, 丁磊, 刘少帅, 蒋珍华, 吴亦农. 空间用氦有阀线性压缩机电机性能研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 104 -112 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.104
Kangjun Liu, Xinquan Sha, Zicheng Li, Qi Huang, Kongkuai Ying, Lei Ding, Shaoshuai Liu, Zhenhua Jiang, Yinong Wu. Performance of Helium-Valved Linear Compressor Motor for Space Use[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (3) : 104 -112 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.104
随着我国对空间探索需求的增加,对空间探测器的性能要求也越来越高,而深低温环境是保障空间探测器具有高灵敏度、低背景噪音和快速信号响应的关键因素。液氦温区的焦耳-汤姆逊(JT)节流制冷机具有运行稳定、振动和电磁干扰小等优点,在深空探测任务中被广泛使用[1-2]。有阀线性压缩机作为JT节流制冷机的动力部件,其工作的稳定性保证了制冷机运行的稳定性[3-4]。有阀线性压缩机的高效稳定运行与主要部件的匹配性息息相关。直线电机是有阀线性压缩机的关键部件,其驱动活塞运动,气缸内负载会改变有阀线性压缩机的共振频率,电机力和气体力的相互匹配将提高有阀线性压缩机的效率[5]
为了分析有阀线性压缩机的性能,需要对其建立理论模型,经典的线性压缩机理论模型一般简化为电磁学模型和动力学模型2大部分[6]。C. R. Bradshaw等[7]提出了一个综合模型,该模型由多个子模型组成,包括机械模型、热力学模型、阀门模型、泄漏模型和传热模型等,通过该模型对有阀线性压缩机进行模拟预测,验证了模型的准确性,并进行了灵敏度分析。Zhang Xinye等[8]提出一种新的方法,引入直线电机模型,建立了有阀线性压缩机的综合模型,该模型能够准确预测有阀线性压缩机在工作过程中的电机电流、活塞和阀片的运动规律以及气缸内压力的动态变化。
在动力学模型中,气体力对线性压缩机的性能影响最大,因为气体力是非线性的、时变的。非线性气体力通常线性化为等效弹簧力、等效阻尼力和静力。描述函数法是一种常见的气体力线性化的方法,该方法将气体力作为一个可变值,得到压缩循环过程中气体力的等效刚度和等效阻尼系数[9-10]。Zou Huiming等[11]提出一种基于矢量算法的气体动力学参数在线测量新方法,并搭建了在线测量实验台,对气体动力学参数的动态特性进行了实验研究,为气体力线性化方法提供了实验验证。G. S. Choe等[12]使用描述函数法对有阀线性压缩机系统进行了分析,将非线性气体力表示为函数形式,经过线性化的结果与非线性模型结果相似。P. S. Dainez等[13]针对气体压力的非线性和可变问题,提出一种新的气体力线性化方法,对压缩机系统进行建模和分析,从而可以确保系统在共振频率下运行,使压缩机效率更高。
国内外的研究主要是通过实验和模拟分析有阀线性压缩机气体力线性化结果的可行性,但针对气体力线性化后的压缩机直线电机的性能研究较少。本文针对直线电机的电机力和气体力匹配问题,通过傅里叶变换对气体力进行线性化处理,在Maxwell软件中建立直线电机模型,结合气体负载,研究有阀线性压缩机在变工况下的性能特点,并通过实验验证直线电机模型的可行性。该研究可为日后有阀线性压缩机的电机设计工作提供方案。
单活塞结构如图1所示。有阀线性压缩机在运行过程中可改变运行频率f,则1个循环所需的时间可用1/f表示。当t=0时排气阀片关闭,其中t1为吸气阀片开启时间,t2为排气阀片开启时间,n为气体的多变指数,可表示为:
单活塞结构有阀线性压缩机的气体力即工作气体对活塞前后端面作用力的合力,活塞端面受到的压力是活塞运动时压缩腔内的压力,另一侧端面受到的压力是压缩机背压腔的背压力,表达式为:
式中:Ap为活塞的截面积,m2pb为有阀线性压缩机的活塞背压,Pa;pgt)为气缸内随时间变化的气体压力,Pa。
结合单级有阀线性压缩机腔内压力变化,活塞所受气体力可以表示为:
有阀线性压缩机的腔内压力变化较为复杂,产生的气体力为非线性变化,采用描述函数法可以将气体力中的高次谐波进行衰减,可用一次谐波来近似,气体力呈周期性变化[14],可以展开为傅里叶级数:
其中:
气体力可以分解为1个等效刚度力、1个等效阻尼力和1个静力,其中静力主要来源于间隙泄漏而产生的活塞偏置。等效气体力表达式如式(8)所示:
气体力的等效弹簧刚度kg为:
气体力的等效阻尼系数cg为:
有阀线性压缩机的机械系统作为一个振动系统,可以采用集中参数法,简化为一个由质量、阻尼和弹簧刚度组成的单质点模型[15],如图2所示。
根据达朗贝尔方程,简化后的机械系统模型可以表示为:
式中:m为动子质量,kg;cf为机械阻尼系数,N·s/m;kf为机械弹簧刚度,N/m;Fg为气体力,N;Fe为电磁推力,N。
为使有阀线性压缩机运行过程中压缩机效率最高,电机力最小,需要使系统运行在共振频率上,可推出共振频率为:
有阀线性压缩机共振频率主要与机械弹簧刚度、等效气体刚度和动子质量相关。
有阀线性压缩机是一个复杂的系统,机械系统和电磁系统相互耦合[16]。分析压缩机运行过程中的气体力和电机力的匹配关系,采用描述函数法对气体力进行线性化处理,将获得的气体负载作为输入参数,通过Maxwell软件获得直线电机参数,对比仿真的电机参数与实验值以确定气体力线性化计算后的准确性。考虑到直线电机磁路组件的轴对称性,使用Maxwell软件搭建二维有限元分析模型,在获得准确仿真结果的同时还可以提高计算效率。
实验的有阀线性压缩机采用动圈式直线电机,其线圈部分插入至磁钢和永磁体所包围的环形气隙中,永磁体提供了励磁作用,线圈在形成的强磁场中切割磁感线,从而产生交变的电磁推力,推动活塞在气缸中进行往复直线运动[17]。对使用的动圈式直线电机在Maxwell软件中建立仿真模型,设定材料参数,直线电机磁路二维仿真模型如图3所示。
在电机的仿真过程中需要将气体力作为输入参数以计算电机的输出。在压缩机运行的过程中,气缸内的气体压力呈周期性变化,结合给定的高低压参数,并且通过1.2节中介绍的等效气体力模型,将气体力线性化,将非线性的气体力转化为等效气体刚度和等效气体阻尼。然后,将等效气体刚度和机械刚度相加作为压缩机总刚度,将等效气体阻尼和机械阻尼相加作为压缩机总阻尼分别加载至电磁二维仿真模型的运动设置中,直线电机模型的相关参数如表1所示。
图4所示为本文使用的动圈式有阀线性压缩机结构,压缩机为双活塞对置结构。动圈式直线电机主要由永磁体、线圈和磁轭组成,永磁体固定在磁轭内部,产生恒定的回路磁场,线圈与压缩活塞连为一体,当线圈中通入交流电时,通电线圈将会在2个磁场的作用下运动,切割磁感线产生交变的电磁力,从而驱动压缩活塞实现循环往复运动,完成气体工质的压缩膨胀,通过进排气阀的开闭实现气体工质的单向流动[18]
为研究有阀线性压缩机直线电机的性能,搭建了有阀线性压缩机实验台,实验系统如图5所示。实验系统主要由有阀线性压缩机、进排气缓冲罐、静压压力传感器、位移传感器、调节阀、质量流量计、电源、功率计等组成。吸排气阀片在压差的作用下启闭,完成氦工质的单向循环,通过调节阀来控制工质的流量,缓冲罐起到稳压的作用。通过变频电源控制压缩机的电压和频率,并用功率计测量压缩机电参数。通过质量流量计测量压缩机质量流量,通过静压压力传感器测量高低压变化。采用自主研发的线性可变差动变压器(linear variable displacement transducer,LVDT)对压缩机活塞位移进行测量,位移传感器由于采集的是电压值,故需要进行标定校准[19]。所有数据集成采用NI数采,最后至计算机的LabView平台汇总,测量设备的性能参数如表2所示。
实验采用的有阀线性压缩机直径为14 mm,工作流体为4He。实验时,保持压缩机运行频率和活塞行程恒定,改变压缩机充气压力,研究不同压缩机充气压力下,直线电机的电机力和气体力的匹配性,以及有阀线性压缩机的性能;保持压缩机的活塞行程和充气压力恒定,改变压缩机运行频率,研究不同压缩机运行频率下,直线电机的电机力和气体力的匹配性,以及有阀线性压缩机的性能;保持压缩机运行频率和充气恒定,改变压缩机活塞行程,研究不同压缩机活塞行程下,直线电机的电机力和气体力的匹配性,以及有阀线性压缩机的性能。压缩机运行实验条件如表3所示。
为了分析有阀线性压缩机的气体力和电机力的匹配关系,建立直线电机的Maxwell仿真模型,并搭建了有阀线性压缩机实验台。通过在不同工况下进行压缩机实验和直线电机仿真,研究了不同工况下的压缩机性能,并且验证了气体力线性化的可靠性。采用电机效率[20]以直观地评估压缩机性能。
电机效率反映了输入电功率转换为机械效率的能力,有阀线性压缩机的电机效率可以表示为:
式中:Pm为机械功,W;Pin为输入功率,W;U为电压,V;I为电流,A;Re为电阻,Ω;cosθ为功率因子。
保持压缩机运行频率为50 Hz,活塞行程为5 mm不变,当充气压力由0.05 MPa升至0.25 MPa时,进出口压力和流量的测量结果如表4所示,模拟和实验结果对比如图6所示。由图6(a)可知,在相同的扫气量下,充气压力越大,则压缩机的负载越大,输入功随着充气压力的增大而不断增大;此时的电压随之增大以达到足够的输入功,如图6(b)所示。由式(12)可知,有阀线性压缩机的共振频率随着气体刚度的增大而增大,随着充气压力的增大,气体负载增大,共振频率也随之增大;在运行频率和共振频率一致时,直线电机的损耗最小,电机效率最大。由图6(c)可知,随着充气压力的增大,电机效率先增大后略有下降,在充气压力为0.2 MPa时达到共振频率,电机效率最大为84.3%。由式(11)可知,随着充气压力的增大,气体力增大,电磁推力也增大。但由于达到共振之前,电机效率也随着充气压力的增大而增大,所以此时的电流不增反减,在充压为0.15 MPa时达到最低;达到共振后,电机效率有所下降,所需电流增大,电流变化如图6(d)所示。共振频率随充气压力不断增大的趋势如图7所示。
图6可知,不同充气压力下的输入功、电压、电机效率及电流的模拟值和实验值变化趋势保持一致。在不同的充气压力下,电压、电流、电机效率的实验值和模拟值的最大相对误差分别为18.8%、22.7%、13.5%。这是因为有阀线性压缩机的运行过程中气体力存在非线性特性,导致实验值和模拟值存在一定误差。
保持压缩机充气压力为0.2 MPa,活塞行程为5 mm不变,改变不同的运行频率时,进出口压力和流量的测量结果如表5所示,模拟和实验结果对比如图8所示。由图8(a)和(b)可知,当频率从40 Hz增至60 Hz,气体力略有增大,输入功不断增大,相应的电压不断增大。运行频率在50 Hz时与共振频率一致,电机效率达到最大为84.3%,其变化如图8(c)所示。在气体力略有增加的情况下,由于电机效率的先增大后减小,此时电流先减小后增大,如图8(d)所示。不同频率下的共振频率的变化如图9所示,在运行频率不断变化的过程中,等效气体刚度略有增加,共振频率稳定在约50 Hz。
图8可知,实验和仿真的输入功、电压、电流和电机效率变化趋势一致,实验值和模拟值相吻合。在改变运行频率的过程中,输入功、电压、电流、电机效率的模拟值和实验值的最大相对误差分别为9.2%、21.7%、15.9%、5.9%。
保持压缩机充气压力为0.2 MPa,运行频率为50 Hz不变,改变不同的活塞行程时,进出口压力和流量的测量结果如表6所示,模拟和实验结果对比如图10所示。由图10(a)和(b)可知,当活塞行程由1 mm增至5 mm的过程中,压缩机扫气量不断增大,气体力增大,输入功不断增大,电压也在不断增大。由于气体负载的增加,电机效率不断降低,从90.7%降至84.3%,如图10(c)所示。由于电机效率不断降低,在气体力不断增大的情况下,通过增大电流来增加电磁推力,以维持气体力和电机力的匹配,其电流变化如图10(d)所示。不同行程下的共振频率如图11所示,随着活塞行程的增大,气体负载发生变化,受负载影响共振频率会先增大后减小。
图10可知,输入功、电压、电流和电机效率的实验值和模拟值变化趋势一致,实验值和模拟值相吻合。在不同活塞行程下,输入功、电压、电流的实验值和模拟值的最大相对误差分别为10.7%、15.9%、5.8%。
通过对比直线电机模型在不同充压、不同频率和不同活塞行程下的模拟计算与实验的直线电机参数,可以发现的输入功、电压、电流和电机效率的实验值和模拟值呈现相同的变化趋势,实验值和模拟值的共振频率相同。在气体负载较小时,线性化气体力产生的误差更大;气体负载较大时,气体力线性化带来的误差更小,输入功的最大相对误差减少。因此,通过对比证明了采用傅里叶变换线性化气体力获得的气体负载较为准确,模型计算结果可以满足实际需求。
电机力和气体力的相互配合可以提升压缩机效率,本研究建立了有阀线性压缩机直线电机模型,模型中使用傅里叶变换对气体力进行线性化,并利用Maxwell软件对电机性能进行仿真模拟,与实验值进行对比,研究了直线电机的性能并验证了气体力线性化的可靠性,得到如下结论:
1)通过对比不同工况下的电机参数可知,随着充气压力增大,气体负载增大,共振频率逐渐接近运行频率后远离,电机效率从59.3%增至84.3%后逐渐减少;随着运行频率的增大,输入功增大,电机效率从76.7%增至84.3%后减少;随着活塞行程的增大,共振频率发生变化,电机效率从90.7%降至84.3%。实验和模拟的电机效率呈现相同的变化趋势,在充气压力为0.2 MPa和活塞行程为5 mm时,实验和模拟的共振频率均为50 Hz,其电机效率为84.3%。
2)根据给定的高低压和等效气体力模型,计算等效气体阻尼和等效气体刚度,在Maxwell软件对有阀线性压缩机不同工况下的直线电机参数进行模拟。通过对比模拟和实验的电机参数可知,输入功、电压、电流和电机效率的模拟值和实验值变化趋势一致,其最大相对误差分别为25.8%、21.7%、22.7%和13.5%,可知直线电机模型较为准确可靠。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51806231)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.104
  • 接收时间:2023-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-16
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21
  • 修回日期:2024-01-29
  • 录用日期:2024-04-15
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51806231)
国家自然科学基金(51806231)
作者信息
    1上海科技大学信息科学与技术学院 上海 201210
    2中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 上海 200083
    3中国科学院大学 北京 100049

通讯作者:

丁磊,男,特别研究助理,中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,15201921757,E-mail:。研究方向:空间低温机械制冷技术研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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