Article(id=1239230399570833441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.130, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1721664000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-23, acceptedDate=1722441600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-01, onlineDate=1773385151045, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1750003200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385151045, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385151045, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385151045, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239230393547804821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385149609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385254705, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=130, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239230400216756270, articleId=1239230399570833441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Research and Analysis of Multi-Condition Performance of a Closed Heat Pump Clothing Drying System, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of different drying conditions on the efficacy of a closed heat pump clothing-drying system, parametric studies with control variables were carried out on the circulating air volumetric flow rate, expansion valve opening, and air inlet temperature within the drying chamber and their impact on system heat production, heat pump system coefficient of performance (SCOP), cooling capacity utilization ratio (ER), and exergy loss. The findings indicated that when the expansion valve was set to 70% opening, the circulating air volumetric flow rate was increased from 500 m3/h to 1 000 m3/h, and the heat generation of the system increased by 59.73%. In contrast, the SCOP, ER, and exergy loss decreased by 31.29%, 56.65%, and 31.31%, respectively. Furthermore, when the circulating air volumetric flow rate of 1 000 m3/h was maintained while adjusting the expansion valve opening from 20% to 70%, the heat generation, SCOP, and ER of the system increased by 32.58%, 6.51%, and 29.51%, respectively. At the same time, the exergy loss decreased by 12.44%. Finally, under the conditions of a 70% open expansion valve, a circulating air volumetric flow rate of 1 000 m3/h, and an increase in the desiccator′s air intake temperature from 40 ℃ to 70 ℃, the heat generation of the system increased by 43.71%, while the SCOP, ER, and exergy loss decreased by 11.22%, 60.84%, and 14.17%, respectively. These results emphasize the advantages of reducing the circulating air volumetric flow rate and inlet air temperature within the drying chamber while increasing the expansion valve opening, as these adjustments help to improve the overall performance of the system and promote energy efficiency.

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Mu Yongchao, male, Ph. D., associate professor, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 86-13820051261, E-mail: . Research fields: industrial waste heat and pressure recovery, renewable energy comprehensive utilization technology research.
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为研究不同干燥工况对闭式衣物热泵干燥系统性能的影响,通过控制单一变量的方法,以循环风量、膨胀阀开度和干燥箱进风温度为变量,研究其对系统制热量、热泵系统能效(SCOP)、冷量利用率(ER)及损失的影响并进行分析。结果表明:膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统制热量增大,增幅为59.73%,SCOPER损失减小,降幅分别为31.29%、56.65%和31.31%;循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,系统制热量、SCOPER增大,增幅分别为32.58%、6.51%和29.51%,损失减小,降幅为12.44%;膨胀阀开度为70%、循环风量为1 000 m3/h,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,系统制热量增大,增幅为43.71%,SCOPER损失减小,降幅分别为11.22%、60.84%和14.17%。分析研究结果可知,降低循环风量、干燥箱进风温度以及提高膨胀阀开度均有利于改善系统性能,达到节能的目的。

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穆永超,男,博士,副教授,河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,13820051261,E-mail:。研究方向:工业余热余压回收、可再生能源综合利用技术方面的研究。
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Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 247: 122965., articleTitle=Performance analysis of a two-stage evaporation heat pump drying system for graded cooling/dehumidification, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230416356438842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399570833441, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230416364827451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399570833441, companyId=1239230416356438842, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230416369021756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399570833441, companyId=1239230416356438842, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, 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instruments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器型号量程精度
温湿度传感器PR-3000LED-TH-WS-I20t:-40~80 ℃;RH:0~100%±0.3 ℃
±3%RH
压力传感器PCM3300~4 MPa0.5级
风量仪9545A型0~30 m/s±0.015 m/s
电功率表DDSU666型1.1~13.2 kW1级
精密电子天平TCS-1500~150 kg3级
), ArticleFig(id=1239230423167987731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399570833441, language=CN, label=表1, caption=测量仪器的相关参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器型号量程精度
温湿度传感器PR-3000LED-TH-WS-I20t:-40~80 ℃;RH:0~100%±0.3 ℃
±3%RH
压力传感器PCM3300~4 MPa0.5级
风量仪9545A型0~30 m/s±0.015 m/s
电功率表DDSU666型1.1~13.2 kW1级
精密电子天平TCS-1500~150 kg3级
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闭式热泵衣物干燥系统多工况性能研究与分析
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弓亲亲 1 , 穆永超 1 , 罗景辉 1 , 刘伟 2
制冷学报 | 2025,46(3): 130-137
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(3): 130-137
闭式热泵衣物干燥系统多工况性能研究与分析
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弓亲亲1, 穆永超1 , 罗景辉1, 刘伟2
作者信息
  • 1河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院 邯郸 056038
  • 2河北省科学院能源研究所 石家庄 050000

通讯作者:

穆永超,男,博士,副教授,河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,13820051261,E-mail:。研究方向:工业余热余压回收、可再生能源综合利用技术方面的研究。
Research and Analysis of Multi-Condition Performance of a Closed Heat Pump Clothing Drying System
Qinqin Gong1, Yongchao Mu1 , Jinghui Luo1, Wei Liu2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
  • 2.Institute of Energy Research, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.130
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为研究不同干燥工况对闭式衣物热泵干燥系统性能的影响,通过控制单一变量的方法,以循环风量、膨胀阀开度和干燥箱进风温度为变量,研究其对系统制热量、热泵系统能效(SCOP)、冷量利用率(ER)及损失的影响并进行分析。结果表明:膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统制热量增大,增幅为59.73%,SCOPER损失减小,降幅分别为31.29%、56.65%和31.31%;循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,系统制热量、SCOPER增大,增幅分别为32.58%、6.51%和29.51%,损失减小,降幅为12.44%;膨胀阀开度为70%、循环风量为1 000 m3/h,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,系统制热量增大,增幅为43.71%,SCOPER损失减小,降幅分别为11.22%、60.84%和14.17%。分析研究结果可知,降低循环风量、干燥箱进风温度以及提高膨胀阀开度均有利于改善系统性能,达到节能的目的。

闭式热泵干燥系统  /  制热量  /  能效  /  冷量利用率  /  损失

To investigate the effect of different drying conditions on the efficacy of a closed heat pump clothing-drying system, parametric studies with control variables were carried out on the circulating air volumetric flow rate, expansion valve opening, and air inlet temperature within the drying chamber and their impact on system heat production, heat pump system coefficient of performance (SCOP), cooling capacity utilization ratio (ER), and exergy loss. The findings indicated that when the expansion valve was set to 70% opening, the circulating air volumetric flow rate was increased from 500 m3/h to 1 000 m3/h, and the heat generation of the system increased by 59.73%. In contrast, the SCOP, ER, and exergy loss decreased by 31.29%, 56.65%, and 31.31%, respectively. Furthermore, when the circulating air volumetric flow rate of 1 000 m3/h was maintained while adjusting the expansion valve opening from 20% to 70%, the heat generation, SCOP, and ER of the system increased by 32.58%, 6.51%, and 29.51%, respectively. At the same time, the exergy loss decreased by 12.44%. Finally, under the conditions of a 70% open expansion valve, a circulating air volumetric flow rate of 1 000 m3/h, and an increase in the desiccator′s air intake temperature from 40 ℃ to 70 ℃, the heat generation of the system increased by 43.71%, while the SCOP, ER, and exergy loss decreased by 11.22%, 60.84%, and 14.17%, respectively. These results emphasize the advantages of reducing the circulating air volumetric flow rate and inlet air temperature within the drying chamber while increasing the expansion valve opening, as these adjustments help to improve the overall performance of the system and promote energy efficiency.

heat pump drying system  /  system heat production  /  energy efficiency  /  cooling capacity utilization ratio  /  exergy loss
弓亲亲, 穆永超, 罗景辉, 刘伟. 闭式热泵衣物干燥系统多工况性能研究与分析. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.130
Qinqin Gong, Yongchao Mu, Jinghui Luo, Wei Liu. Research and Analysis of Multi-Condition Performance of a Closed Heat Pump Clothing Drying System[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (3) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.130
传统干衣机将干燥过程中产生的废气直接排放,不仅浪费了热量,而且对环境造成了湿污染[1]。但热泵干燥衣物利用电加热或热泵技术使衣物中的水分及时蒸发,干衣快速且不受天气条件限制,在现代生活中的需求越来越广泛。因此深入研究衣物热泵干燥技术,降低干燥能耗,提高干燥品质,是一项具有节能意义的工作[2-3]
与自然干燥相比,热泵干燥技术通过干燥装备对干燥过程进行调控,可有效改善物料干燥品质并大幅提高干燥效率[4-5]。目前关于热泵干燥技术的研究主要通过热力学知识进行实验[6-8]和数值模拟[9-10],研究物料干燥的最佳工艺参数。对此,国内外许多学者进行了大量的实验和理论研究。张春路等[11]建立了热泵干衣机数学模型,将模型结果与实验结果进行对比得出,循环风量为180 m3/h、新风比例为9%~10%时SMER(specific moisture extraction rate,单位除湿能耗比)最大;在冷凝温度限值之内,增加充注量有利于SMER的提高。Fu Hailun等[12]对闭式循环热泵干燥系统进行了热回收方案设计及热力学分析,减小蒸发器端差、提高压缩机绝热效率和回热器效率可以减小整个系统的损失。王珍[13]制作了膜蒸馏再生除湿溶液型热泵干衣实验装置,在常压低温条件下进行了衣物干燥实验和除湿溶液再生实验研究,得到了装置运行过程性能变化规律和稳态工况性能数据。孟照峰等[14]分析了闭式热泵干燥系统的热力学性能,发现改变膨胀阀开度可以显著提高制热量和COP(coefficient of performance,性能系数),在制热量变化较小的情况下,可以通过降低干燥温度来提高COP,系统运行时需要考虑降低压缩机转速以提高COP。Zhang Zude等[15]对低温工况下增湿增焓与太阳能蓄热协同作用下热泵干燥系统性能进行研究,提出从多能耦合的角度对热泵干燥系统的能量供需关系进行优化,为低温条件下热泵和太阳能储能的高效利用提供了参考价值。曾涛等[16]研究了装填密度对系统性能及干燥品质的重要影响,结果表明装填密度增加香菇干燥时间逐渐增长,平均COPsys、平均SMER和复水比均先增大后减小。Duan Shuangping等[17]研究了一种分级冷却/除湿两级蒸发热泵干燥系统的热力学性能,研究结果将为两级蒸发系统的实验研究、样机设计和工程应用提供理论指导和建议。
综上所述,学者们对闭式热泵干燥系统的热力学性能研究众多,但对循环风量、膨胀阀开度和干燥箱进风温度作为影响干燥系统性能的关键因素研究较少,因此为研究不同干燥因素对系统制热量、热泵系统能效SCOP、冷量利用率ER损失的影响,本文设计并搭建了一套以衣物为干燥对象的闭式热泵干燥系统,并进行了不同干燥工况的实验研究,为进一步提高闭式热泵干燥系统的能效提供新思路。
闭式热泵干燥系统流程图如图1所示。闭式热泵干燥系统分为热泵循环子系统和空气循环子系统,对于热泵循环子系统其工作原理为:制冷剂在压缩机内被压缩成高温高压的制冷剂气体进入冷凝器,在冷凝器中放热冷凝为液态。液态制冷剂经过电子膨胀阀,压力降低,然后进入蒸发器吸热后再次回到压缩机,进行下一轮的压缩和循环。对于空气循环子系统其工作原理为:干燥过程开始后,循环空气通过进风口进入干燥箱,与物料中的水分进行热湿交换进入热回收器进行预冷,预冷后的循环空气进入蒸发器,经蒸发器降温至露点温度以下,水分凝结成水滴被排出系统,实现了空气的除湿,除湿后的空气再次进入热回收器进行预热,预热后的循环空气进入冷凝器,使空气被加热后进入干燥室,对物料进行干燥,重新进入下一次循环。为对干燥箱进风温度进行调控并解决系统在运行过程中出现的热量堆积问题,本系统在主冷凝器中并联辅助冷凝器,通过调节阀门开度控制辅助冷凝器的制冷剂流量,进而排出多余热量,以维持干燥箱进风温度稳定。
1)系统的制热量。
2)热泵系统能效SCOP
3)冷量利用率ER
其中,(dev,in-dev,out)为干空气流经蒸发器时的凝结水量,kg(水蒸气)/kg(干空气)。
4)热泵系统的分析。
工质在压缩机中的单位时间损失:
工质在冷凝器中的单位时间损失:
工质在节流阀中的单位时间损失:
工质在蒸发器中的单位时间损失:
干空气在热回收器中的单位时间损失:
工质在辅助冷凝器中的单位时间损失:
热泵系统的单位时间总损失:
热泵系统总损失:
闭式热泵衣物干燥系统实物如图2所示。该系统主要由干燥箱、热泵机组、热回收器、辅助冷凝器、风管和控制器等组成。热泵机组主要包括冷凝器、定频压缩机、电子膨胀阀和蒸发器,制冷剂为R134a。干燥箱尺寸为1.54 m×0.60 m×0.90 m,共8层。热回收器中有低、中、高3档风量控制,分别为500、800、1 000 m3/h。
实验系统测点由热泵循环子系统数据采集点和空气循环子系统数据采集点2部分组成,测点位置如图1所示。系统中测量信号(温度、相对湿度、压力、电功率)由PLC控制器进行数据采集并储存,风量由风量仪测定,物料质量由精密电子天平测定。实验系统所使用测量仪器的相关参数如表1所示。
统一干燥物料为相同材质,取复水前干衣物质量为2.6 kg,复水后质量为14.0 kg的湿衣物作为干燥物料,为保证衣物最终湿基含水率小于10%且避免浪费更多的能量,统一干燥周期为6 h。启动系统进行预热,待温湿度参数稳定后,将复水衣物平铺放入各干燥层,关闭干燥箱门后计时开始。干燥开始后每2 min采集相关数据。蒸发器排出的冷凝水流入储水盒,每1 h称量储水盒的质量。实验中以循环风量、膨胀阀开度和干燥箱进风温度为变量分析其对热泵系统性能的影响。
1)实验1:设定干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃、相对湿度为10%,膨胀阀开度以10%为增量,由20%调至70%,改变不同的循环风量分别为500、800、1 000 m3/h,分析不同循环风量对系统各热力学性能的影响。
2)实验2:设定循环风量恒定为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度以10%为增量,由20%调至70%,以及干燥箱进风温度以5 ℃为增量,由40 ℃调至70 ℃,分析不同干燥箱进风温度对系统各热力学性能的影响。
3)实验3:设定干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃,相对湿度为10%,膨胀阀开度恒定为20%工况下系统各部件损失的变化。
图3所示为干燥箱进风温度为40~70 ℃、循环风量为1 000 m3/h、膨胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下蒸发压力的变化(实验2)。当膨胀阀开度为20%,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,蒸发压力随干燥箱进风温度的升高而升高。这是因为随着干燥箱进风温度升高,蒸发器进风温度也升高,进而使蒸发温度升高,故蒸发压力上升。当干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,蒸发压力随膨胀阀开度的增大而增大,这是因为随着膨胀阀开度增大,膨胀阀的前后压差减小,进而使蒸发温度升高,故蒸发压力升高。
图4(a)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃、循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h、膨胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下系统能耗的变化(实验1)。由图4(a)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统能耗由2.03 kW升至2.92 kW,整体增幅为43.84%,其中风机功耗由0.16 kW升至0.22 kW,压缩机功耗由1.82 kW升至3.34 kW,这是因为随着循环风量增大,蒸发器与冷凝器传热系数升高,从而蒸发压力上升冷凝压力降低使制冷剂流量增加,导致压缩机功耗增加。当循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,系统能耗由3.85 kW降至2.92 kW,整体降幅为31.85%,这是因为随着膨胀阀开度增大,制冷剂流量增大,传热温差减小,冷凝压力降低,蒸发压力上升,系统内制冷剂的单位压缩比功下降,使系统能耗下降。
图4(b)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40~70 ℃、膨胀阀开度为20%~70%、循环风量为1 000 m3/h工况下系统能耗的变化(实验2)。由图4(b)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,系统能耗由2.24 kW升至3.48 kW,整体增幅为55.36%,这是因为在压缩机同等转速的情况下,随着干燥箱进风温度升高,使蒸发器进风温度也升高,导致系统蒸发温度也升高,蒸发压力上升,使系统内制冷剂的质量流量增加,故系统能耗升高。
图5(a)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃、循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h、膨胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下系统制热量的变化(实验1)。由图5(a)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统制热量由5.91 kW升至9.44 kW,整体增幅为59.73%,这是因为当循环风量增大时,空气和换热器的热交换增强,且由图5(a)分析可知系统内制冷剂的质量流量增加,系统制热量上升。当循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,制热量由7.12 kW升至9.44 kW,整体增幅为32.58%,这是因为随着膨胀阀开度的增大,由图5(a)可知,系统制冷剂流量增加,从而制热量升高。
图5(b)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40~70 ℃,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%、循环风量为1 000 m3/h工况下系统制热量的变化(实验2)。由图5(b)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,制热量由6.52 kW升至9.37 kW,整体增幅为43.71%,这是因为随着干燥箱进风温度的不断提升,蒸发器进风温度升高,使蒸发温度和蒸发压力升高,导致系统制冷剂流量增加,且系统冷凝温度随干燥箱进风温度的升高而升高,因此系统制热量上升。
图6(a)所示为干燥箱进风温度40 ℃、循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h、胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下系统SCOP的变化(实验1)。由图6(a)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,SCOP由5.16降至3.93,整体降幅为31.29%,这是因为随着循环风量的增加,整个机组的运行能耗和制热量增加,但系统能耗的增速大于系统制热量的增速,因此SCOP降低。当循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,SCOP由3.69增至3.93,整体增幅为6.51%,这是因为膨胀阀开度增大,制冷剂质量流量增加,从而使换热器的换热效果增强,制热量增加,虽然制冷剂流量的增加会导致功率消耗小幅增加,但由于制热量增幅更大,故SCOP仍会增加。
图6(b)所示为干燥箱进口温度为40~70 ℃,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%,循环风量为1 000 m3/h工况下系统SCOP的变化(实验2)。由图6(b)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,干燥温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,SCOP由3.47降至3.12,整体降幅为11.22%,这是因为在压缩机同等转速的情况下,随着干燥箱进口温度升高,蒸发压力上升,系统内制冷剂的质量流量增加,系统能耗与制热量增加,但系统能耗的增加速率大于系统制热量的增加速率,因此SCOP逐渐降低。
图7(a)所示为干燥箱进风温度40 ℃,循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下冷量利用率(ER)的变化(实验1)。由图7(a)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,ER由61.94%降至39.54%,整体降幅为56.65%,这是因为循环风量增大,使蒸发器进风相对湿度减少,系统中冷却占比增大而除湿占比减小,从而导致ER降低。当风机风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,ER由30.53%增至39.54%,整体增幅为29.51%,这是因为膨胀阀开度增大,制冷剂质量流量增加,制冷量增加,蒸发器出风温度降低,除湿量增加,ER增加。
图7(b)所示为干燥箱进风温度40~70 ℃,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%,循环风量为1 000 m3/h工况下冷量利用率(ER)的变化(实验2)。由图7(b)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,ER由51.05%降至31.74%,整体降幅为60.84%,这是因为随着干燥箱进风温度的上升,冷凝压力上升,蒸发压力上升,蒸发器进风相对湿度减小,系统中冷却占比增大而除湿占比减小,导致ER下降。
图8(a)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃、循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度为20%工况下系统各部件损失的变化(实验3)。由图8(a)可知,损失主要集中在辅助冷凝器、压缩机和热回收器,三者之和占71.03%,其中辅助冷凝器所占比例最大,为32.40%,其次为压缩机和热回收器,分别占21.00%和17.60%;节流阀仅占7.60%。
图8(b)所示干为燥箱进风温度为40 ℃、循环风量为500~1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%工况下系统损失的变化(实验1)。由图8(b)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统损失由2.46 kW·h降至1.69 kW·h,整体降幅为31.31%,这是因为循环风量增加系统制热量增加,蒸发过程和冷凝过程损失减少,总损失下降。当循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,损失由1.93 kW·h降至1.69 kW·h,整体降幅为12.44%,这是因为膨胀阀开度增大,流经整个系统的制冷剂流量增加,节流过程的节流损失减少,从而总损失下降。
图8(c)所示为干燥箱进风温度为40~70 ℃,膨胀阀开度为20%~70%,循环风量为1 000 m3/h工况下系统损失的变化(实验2)。由图8(c)可知,当膨胀阀开度为70%,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,损失由2.47 kW·h降至2.12 kW·h,整体降幅为14.17%,这是因为干燥时间随着干燥温度的增大而逐渐变短,系统总损失逐渐减小。
本文以闭式热泵干燥系统为研究对象,分析衣物干燥过程中循环风量、膨胀阀开度和干燥箱进风温度对系统性能的影响,得到如下结论:
1)干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃,膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量由500 m3/h升至1 000 m3/h时,系统制热量增幅为59.73%,SCOPER损失降幅分别为31.29%、56.65%和31.31%。
2)膨胀阀开度为70%,循环风量为1 000 m3/h,干燥箱进风温度由40 ℃升至70 ℃时,系统制热量增幅为43.71%,SCOPER损失降幅分别为11.22%、60.84%和14.17%。
3)干燥箱进风温度为40 ℃,循环风量为1 000 m3/h,膨胀阀开度由20%升至70%时,系统制热量、SCOPER的增幅分别为32.58%、6.51%和29.51%,损失减小,降幅为12.44%;系统制热量和SCOP越高,闭式热泵干燥系统的节能效果越好。
分析研究结果可知,降低循环风量、干燥箱进风温度以及提高膨胀阀开度均有利于提高系统性能,可为进一步提高闭式热泵干燥系统的能效提供新思路。
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.130
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2024-07-23
  • 录用日期:2024-08-01
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    1河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院 邯郸 056038
    2河北省科学院能源研究所 石家庄 050000

通讯作者:

穆永超,男,博士,副教授,河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,13820051261,E-mail:。研究方向:工业余热余压回收、可再生能源综合利用技术方面的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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