Article(id=1239230398169927899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=1711382400000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-26, acceptedDate=1713456000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-19, onlineDate=1773385150710, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1750003200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385150710, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385150710, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385150710, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239230393547804821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385149609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385254705, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239230398413197536, articleId=1239230398169927899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Experimental Research on Direct Cooling Thermal Management System for Multi-Box Battery Packs, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the power density of lithium-ion batteries continues to increase and high-power fast-charging technologies emerge, the development of battery thermal management systems has become an important and challenging area of research. In this study, a direct-cooling thermal management system for multi-box battery packs using roll-bond cold plates was presented, and the performance of the system was experimentally investigated under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that at a charging rate of 0.5 C and a compressor speed of 2 400 r/min, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can reach 5.83, the maximum dimensionless loss coefficient of the cold plate is 6.27%, and the maximum temperature difference between the cold plates is 1.90 ℃. Notably, the temperature difference between the plates escalates with increasing compressor speed and the thermal load on the cold plate, reaching a maximum value of 3.99 ℃ during the tests. Concurrently, the COP of the system showed a decreasing trend with the compressor speed, reaching a maximum value of 7.41 throughout the duration of the experiments.

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Dai Yanjun, male, Ph. D., professor, Institude of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 86-21-34204358, E-mail: . Research fields: solar energy utilization and building energy efficiency, heat pump system.
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随着锂离子电池功率密度不断提高以及高功率快充技术的发展,电池热管理系统的设计已成为研究的重点和难点。基于吹胀式冷板构建了一种多箱电池包直冷热管理系统,并对系统在不同运行工况下的性能表现进行了实验研究。结果表明:在0.5 C倍率充电工况下,压缩机转速为2 400 r/min时,系统的平均性能系数(COP)可达到5.83,冷板的最大无量纲压力损失系数为6.27%,冷板间最大温差为1.90 ℃。冷板间的温差随着压缩机转速升高和冷板热载荷的增加而增大,冷板间的最大温差为3.99 ℃。系统COP随着压缩机转速的升高而降低,系统COP最高可达7.41。

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代彦军,男,博士,教授,上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,021-34204358,E-mail:。研究方向:太阳能利用与建筑节能,热泵系统。
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电池形状参数数值
电芯种类LFP
电芯容量/Ah173
密度/(kg/m32 284
导热系数/[W/(m·K)]3/11/13(x/y/z
比热容/[J/(kg·K)]987
尺寸/mm41×174×205
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电池形状参数数值
电芯种类LFP
电芯容量/Ah173
密度/(kg/m32 284
导热系数/[W/(m·K)]3/11/13(x/y/z
比热容/[J/(kg·K)]987
尺寸/mm41×174×205
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设备类型关键参数
压缩机转子式压缩机额定电压:220 V,排气量:14.1 mL/r,转速范围:1 000~7 200 r/min
模拟热源硅橡胶加热垫单块最大加热功率:1 000 W,数量:4件
调压器单相接触式输入电压:220 V,输出电压:0~250 V,输出电流:4 A
电子膨胀阀永磁型直动式步进电机阀口通径:1.65 mm,开度范围:0~500,名义制冷量:6.9 kW
电池直冷板单面吹胀铝基板材质:Al 3003 mod,尺寸:1 030 mm×500 mm
外部换热器翅片式换热器尺寸:760 mm×500 mm×22 mm,管排数:1排,管间距:25 mm,管外径:9.52 mm,翅片类型:波纹片
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设备类型关键参数
压缩机转子式压缩机额定电压:220 V,排气量:14.1 mL/r,转速范围:1 000~7 200 r/min
模拟热源硅橡胶加热垫单块最大加热功率:1 000 W,数量:4件
调压器单相接触式输入电压:220 V,输出电压:0~250 V,输出电流:4 A
电子膨胀阀永磁型直动式步进电机阀口通径:1.65 mm,开度范围:0~500,名义制冷量:6.9 kW
电池直冷板单面吹胀铝基板材质:Al 3003 mod,尺寸:1 030 mm×500 mm
外部换热器翅片式换热器尺寸:760 mm×500 mm×22 mm,管排数:1排,管间距:25 mm,管外径:9.52 mm,翅片类型:波纹片
), ArticleFig(id=1239230414955533141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230398169927899, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Experimental conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量工况
环境温度/℃25~30
单冷板热载荷/W441、500、600、700、800、900
压缩机频率/Hz40、50、60、70、80、90
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变量工况
环境温度/℃25~30
单冷板热载荷/W441、500、600、700、800、900
压缩机频率/Hz40、50、60、70、80、90
), ArticleFig(id=1239230415165248353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230398169927899, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Measuring equipment and specifications, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量参数传感器型号量程精度
直冷板温度/℃K型热电偶-200~260±0.5%
制冷剂温度/℃Pt100热电阻-50~200±0.5 ℃
低压侧压力/MPaMIK-P300-0.1~2.5±0.5%
高压侧压力/MPaMIK-P300-0.1~10±0.5%
压缩机功率/WDDSU6660~9 999±1.0%
), ArticleFig(id=1239230415324631910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230398169927899, language=CN, label=表4, caption=测量设备及规格, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量参数传感器型号量程精度
直冷板温度/℃K型热电偶-200~260±0.5%
制冷剂温度/℃Pt100热电阻-50~200±0.5 ℃
低压侧压力/MPaMIK-P300-0.1~2.5±0.5%
高压侧压力/MPaMIK-P300-0.1~10±0.5%
压缩机功率/WDDSU6660~9 999±1.0%
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多箱电池包直冷热管理系统的实验研究
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李鑫盛 1, 3 , 贾腾 2, 3 , 赵耀 2, 3 , 姜山 2, 3 , 代彦军 2, 3
制冷学报 | 2025,46(3): 84-90
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(3): 84-90
多箱电池包直冷热管理系统的实验研究
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李鑫盛1, 3, 贾腾2, 3, 赵耀2, 3, 姜山2, 3, 代彦军2, 3
作者信息
  • 1上海交通大学中英国际低碳学院 上海 201306
  • 2上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所 上海 200240
  • 3太阳能发电及制冷教育部工程研究中心 上海 200240

通讯作者:

代彦军,男,博士,教授,上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,021-34204358,E-mail:。研究方向:太阳能利用与建筑节能,热泵系统。
Experimental Research on Direct Cooling Thermal Management System for Multi-Box Battery Packs
Xinsheng Li1, 3, Teng Jia2, 3, Yao Zhao2, 3, Shan Jiang2, 3, Yanjun Dai2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
  • 2.Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
  • 3.Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, MOE, Shanghai, 200240, China
出版时间: 2025-06-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.084
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随着锂离子电池功率密度不断提高以及高功率快充技术的发展,电池热管理系统的设计已成为研究的重点和难点。基于吹胀式冷板构建了一种多箱电池包直冷热管理系统,并对系统在不同运行工况下的性能表现进行了实验研究。结果表明:在0.5 C倍率充电工况下,压缩机转速为2 400 r/min时,系统的平均性能系数(COP)可达到5.83,冷板的最大无量纲压力损失系数为6.27%,冷板间最大温差为1.90 ℃。冷板间的温差随着压缩机转速升高和冷板热载荷的增加而增大,冷板间的最大温差为3.99 ℃。系统COP随着压缩机转速的升高而降低,系统COP最高可达7.41。

热管理系统  /  直冷  /  多箱电池包  /  性能系数

As the power density of lithium-ion batteries continues to increase and high-power fast-charging technologies emerge, the development of battery thermal management systems has become an important and challenging area of research. In this study, a direct-cooling thermal management system for multi-box battery packs using roll-bond cold plates was presented, and the performance of the system was experimentally investigated under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that at a charging rate of 0.5 C and a compressor speed of 2 400 r/min, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can reach 5.83, the maximum dimensionless loss coefficient of the cold plate is 6.27%, and the maximum temperature difference between the cold plates is 1.90 ℃. Notably, the temperature difference between the plates escalates with increasing compressor speed and the thermal load on the cold plate, reaching a maximum value of 3.99 ℃ during the tests. Concurrently, the COP of the system showed a decreasing trend with the compressor speed, reaching a maximum value of 7.41 throughout the duration of the experiments.

thermal management system  /  direct cooling  /  multi-box battery packs  /  coefficient of performance
李鑫盛, 贾腾, 赵耀, 姜山, 代彦军. 多箱电池包直冷热管理系统的实验研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 84 -90 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.084
Xinsheng Li, Teng Jia, Yao Zhao, Shan Jiang, Yanjun Dai. Experimental Research on Direct Cooling Thermal Management System for Multi-Box Battery Packs[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (3) : 84 -90 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.084
当前,为了应对日益加剧的能源紧缺和气候变暖问题并构建可持续发展的能源体系,各国相继提出了“碳中和”和“碳达峰”目标,旨在减少CO2等温室气体的排放[1]。储能电站技术的不断发展为“双碳”目标的实现提供了有力支持。
锂离子电池因高能量密度、自放电率低和循环寿命长等优点在储能电站等领域占据主导地位[2-3]。然而,锂离子电池在高温环境或大电流充放电时会引发剧烈的内部化学反应,产生大量热量,可能导致热失控,甚至爆炸[4-5]。另一方面,在低温环境下,电池的容量衰减、充放电性能下降、寿命减少[6]。因此,考虑到锂电池的工作效率和安全性,最佳工作温度区间为10~35 ℃[7-8],同时需要保证电池单体温度极差不大于6 ℃[9]。随着锂离子电池功率密度不断增加,并且在高功率快充技术的发展背景下,电池热管理系统的设计变得尤为关键。
电池热管理系统在设计层面主要包括风冷、液冷、制冷剂直冷、相变材料(phase change material,PCM)冷却和热管冷却等几种方法[10-13]。其中,风冷散热可以进一步细分为被动风冷和主动风冷2种方式,前者的对流传热系数约为5~25 W/(m2·K),而后者的对流传热系数可达到25~100 W/(m2·K)。风冷系统因结构简单、成本低和易于维护等优势,是储能电站主要采用的热管理方式。液冷散热系统则可根据冷却液是否与电池直接接触分为冷板式液冷和浸没式液冷2种方式[12-13],其对流传热系数约为500~15 000 W/(m2·K)。由于冷却液具有高比热容、高传热速率以及可控的流量等特点,液冷热管理系统的市场占有率逐步提升。PCM冷却和热管冷却由于较高的生产成本,目前仍处于实验室研究阶段。
制冷剂直冷热管理系统则通过制冷剂在冷板中蒸发带走电池模组在充/放电时产生的热量,对流传热系数高达2 500~25 000 W/(m2·K),能够满足锂离子电池在快充工况下的散热需求,同时具备较高的性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)[14]。孙港国等[15]基于AMEsim软件构建了整车热管理仿真模型,通过压缩机和电子膨胀阀的联合控制,能够使舱内温度和电池温度保持在适宜的温区范围内。赵金辉等[16]对上下双置直冷板技术进行了仿真分析,结果表明相比于单直冷板,双置冷板使电池最高温度下降32.99%,同时温度均匀性更好。聂磊等[17]基于吹胀式冷板构建了纯电动汽车制冷剂直冷电池热管理系统,实验结果表明直冷系统可快速响应热管理需求,冷板均温性好,系统能效高。目前国内外基于制冷剂直冷热管理系统的研究主要集中于仿真模拟和对单块冷板性能的分析,多块冷板并联时,直冷系统的性能表现有待完善。
本文针对储能电站这一特定场景,提出一种新型的多箱电池包制冷剂直冷热管理系统,并实验研究了不同运行参数对系统性能的影响,为直冷热管理系统的选型及优化提供参考。
研究基于某公司生产的1P63S电池包,构建了多箱电池包制冷剂直冷热管理系统,如图1所示。通过四通阀的切换和电磁阀的通断,可以实现系统制冷模式和制热模式的切换。电芯的相关参数如表1所示。
制冷循环时,电磁阀1、3为开启状态,电磁阀2、4为关闭状态,翅片管式换热器作为热泵系统的冷凝器,直冷板作为热泵系统的蒸发器。电子膨胀阀出口的制冷剂(a)进入直冷板中进行蒸发,带走电池模组充/放电时产生的热量,制冷剂的干度逐渐增大。为了保证电池直冷板的均温性,控制直冷板出口的制冷剂(b)为气液两相态。制冷剂(b)进入板式换热器与冷凝器出口的高温高压制冷剂(e)进行换热,得到过热蒸气(c)。经过压缩机压缩后,得到高温高压的制冷剂蒸气(d)。过热蒸气(d)在冷凝器中进行放热得到过冷液态制冷剂(e)。通过板式换热器后,制冷剂(f)的过冷度进一步增大,经过电子膨胀阀节流后,重新进入电池直冷板中进行吸热。
制热循环时,电磁阀2、4为开启状态,电磁阀1、3为关闭状态,翅片管式换热器作为热泵系统的蒸发器,直冷板作为热泵系统的冷凝器。制冷剂(e)流经蒸发器时从空气中吸热,变为过热蒸气(d)。过热蒸气(d)依次流经气液分离器、压缩机,被压缩为高温高压的制冷剂蒸气(b)。随后进入各个直冷板中进行散热,使电池模组的温度升高。过冷的制冷剂(a)经过电子膨胀阀节流后重新进入蒸发器中进行吸热。
图2所示为多箱电池包制冷剂直冷热管理系统实验台,主要部件包括压缩机、四通阀、气液分离器、翅片管式换热器、直流风机、储液罐、板式换热器、电磁阀、电子膨胀阀、电池包等。电池包自下至上依次编号为1、2、3、4,单块直冷板的尺寸为1 030 mm×560 mm,有效传热面积为0.47 m2。压缩机为转子式变频压缩机,额定制冷量为2 050 W。系统中布置一个0.5 L的储液罐来作为系统变工况运行的缓冲器。钎焊板式换热器的单片传热面积为0.01 m2,总片数为22片,直冷板出来的低温低压制冷剂与冷凝器出来的高温高压制冷剂进行换热,一方面,可以增加过热度,降低压缩机液击的风险;另一方面,可以降低直冷板入口制冷剂干度,提高系统能效。实验系统所有管路均包覆保温棉,减少漏热对实验的影响。实验系统各部件的关键参数如表2所示。
图3所示为模拟电池包组件,采用硅橡胶加热垫来模拟电池发热过程,通过改变调压器的输出电压可以实现对不同发热功率的模拟。电池包组件自上而下共分为5层结构:保温层、模拟热源、导热垫片、直冷板、保温层。其中导热垫片的厚度为1 mm,导热系数为4 W/(m·K),导热垫片可以强化模拟热源和直冷板之间的传热过程。保温层的布置可以防止模拟热源、直冷板和环境直接热交换。
冷板温度传感器布置点位如图4所示,沿着制冷剂的流动方向,在直冷板上表面均匀布置8个K型热电偶来测量直冷板的上表面温度,并通过接入Agilent 34972A采集仪对板温数据进行记录。
单块直冷板测点温差为:
式中:ΔTi为第i块直冷板的测点温差,℃;Ti,max为第i块直冷板最大测点温度,℃;Ti,min为第i块直冷板最小测点温度,℃。
所有直冷板间的最大温差为所有直冷板温度测点的最大值与最小值之差,具体描述为:
式中:ΔTmax为冷板间的最大温差,℃;Tik为第i块直冷板第k个测点温度,℃。
直冷热管理系统采用的制冷剂为R134a,制冷剂充注量约为1.8 kg。压缩机通过RS485通信协议与控制模块进行通讯,可以实现转速调节。电子膨胀阀的开度可根据压缩机入口过热度自动调节。压缩机和风机的功耗通过智能电表测量。制冷剂温度则采用高精度的Pt100热电阻传感器测量。直冷板进出口各布置一个高精度的压力传感器,用于评估压力损失。通过Labview上位机对所有采集数据进行实时显示和保存。各温度、压力传感器的布置位置如图1所示。
直冷板的无量纲压力损失系数定义为制冷剂进出口压降与入口压力的比值:
式中:pi,loss为第i块直冷板的无量纲压力损失系数,%;pi,in为第i块直冷板制冷剂进口压力,kPa;pi,out为第i块直冷板制冷剂出口压力,kPa。
系统达到稳态时,模拟热源的发热量全部被制冷剂带走,此时直冷板的蒸发量可看作是模拟热源的发热量,则系统的制冷性能系数为:
式中:COP为系统制冷性能系数;Qeva为直冷板的蒸发量,W;Wcomp为压缩机功耗,W;Wfan为风机电耗,W。
实验在25~30 ℃的环境中进行,每次测试前对台架静置约30 min,模拟热源和直冷热管理系统同时开启,直至系统达到稳态,并保持测量20 min,选取系统稳态时的测试数据进行结果分析。改变模拟热源的发热功率和压缩机的转速对直冷热管理系统进行了多次测试,实验工况如表3所示。
直冷板的温差、无量纲压力损失系数和COP的测量误差根据R. J. Moffat[18]提出的式(5)、式(6)进行计算:
系统各参数的测量设备及规格如表4所示,经过计算,在实验工况下直冷板的温差、无量纲压力损失系数和系统COP的不确定度分别为0.5%、1.0%和1.4%。
在平均环境温度为27 ℃时,对多箱电池包制冷剂直冷热管理系统在0.5 C倍率充电工况下的性能进行了分析。单块直冷板的热载荷为441 W,压缩机的转速为2 400 r/min,电子膨胀阀的开度约为180阀步,压缩机入口制冷剂的过热度约为2 ℃。
制冷剂直冷热管理系统,冷板中的制冷剂吸热蒸发带走电池工作产生的热量,该热力过程为气液相变过程,两相区内制冷剂的蒸发温度和蒸发压力一一对应,忽略压降的条件下,蒸发温度应为一稳定值。实际运行中,沿着制冷剂的流动路径,蒸发压力逐渐降低,压力损失是制冷剂流动过程中的沿程阻力导致,包括制冷剂流动时与流道内壁产生的摩擦阻力和直冷板内流道分流汇流时结构突变产生的局部阻力,尤其在直冷板进出口处流道数量突变引起流速突变,因此压力损失主要集中在直冷板的进出口处。各直冷板压力损失如图5所示,各冷板的进出口压力损失分别为21、14、11、6 kPa,对应的无量纲压力损失系数依次为6.27%、4.48%、3.64%、2.15%。引起直冷板之间的压损差异根本原因在于主路制冷剂分流的不均匀性,导致进入各冷板中制冷剂流量不同,继而导致制冷剂流速有所差异,产生的摩擦阻力也各异,最终导致直冷板之间存在压力损失差异。直冷板进出口压力损失引起蒸发温度的降低,各直冷板蒸发温度如图6所示,冷板1压损最大,其蒸发温度由进口的12.9 ℃降至出口的11.4 ℃,降幅为1.5 ℃。
由于电池与直冷板间的热力过程为温差驱动的导热过程,因此直冷板表面温度均匀性可以侧面反映电池模组的温度均匀性。图7所示为系统达到稳态后各直冷板测点温度随时间的变化,所有的测点温度均落在[12.99,15.09]℃内,各直冷板上表面的平均温度分别为13.91、14.24、14.05、13.71 ℃,直冷系统能够较好地满足电池散热需求。
直冷板间温度差异性主要是由于主路制冷剂分至各冷板时由于沿程阻力不同导致,直冷板间的平均温差为0.53 ℃,最大温差为1.90 ℃,说明分流管路的设计使系统分流较为均匀,使整体均温性较好。此外,各直冷板的测点最大温差分别为1.50、1.41、1.74、0.82 ℃,能够满足电池热管理系统均温性的要求。隋增光等[19]对电池液冷系统在0.5 C工况下的性能表现进行了仿真分析,冷板的最高温度为21.16 ℃,最大温差为3.16 ℃,直冷系统较液冷系统而言,冷板的均温性更好。张雅新等[20]基于氟泵和热泵间接换热技术构建了储能电站热管理系统,在平均环境温度为26.5 ℃,0.5 C充电工况下,整簇电池的温差维持在3 ℃以内,单个电池包温差维持在2 ℃以内。本文构建的一次制冷剂直冷热管理系统与之相比,均温性能提升,由于氟泵等部件的减少,使本系统更具有经济性,同时减少了一次换热过程,使系统能效更高。
测试期间,系统的制冷量为1 764 W,压缩机的平均功耗为228.38 W,风机的平均电耗为74.3 W,系统的平均制冷性能系数COP为5.83。为了测试系统在不同发热功率下的性能表现,风机选型略大,在低热载荷条件下,其能耗占比较高,使系统COP降低。在后期实际使用中,可以通过更改风机选型来进一步提升系统COP。
在环境温度为25~30 ℃,通过改变压缩机的转速和直冷板热载荷,对该系统在不同工况下的性能表现进行了研究。
不同工况下冷板温度和冷板间最大温差如图8所示,通过提高压缩机的转速能够使直冷板的平均温度维持在适宜范围内,满足电池热管理系统的温控需求。给定热载荷条件下,随着压缩机转速的升高,冷板的平均温度降低,这是由于转速提升使冷板内制冷剂的流量增加,单位质量的制冷剂吸热量减小,使蒸发温度降低;另一方面,制冷剂流速的增加,使冷板的压损升高,对冷板的均温性产生影响。同时,制冷剂流速的增加,分流不均匀性对系统的性能影响变大,导致冷板间的温差整体呈上升趋势。在测试工况下,单块冷板热载荷为900 W,压缩机转速为5 400 r/min时,冷板间的最大温差为3.99 ℃。
不同工况下系统COP如图9所示,给定热载荷条件下,系统COP随着压缩机转速的升高而减小。单块冷板热载荷为700 W时,随着压缩机转速自3 000 r/min增至4 800 r/min,冷板的平均温度由20.98 ℃降至9.51 ℃,压缩机转速的提高使电池和冷板间的温差增大,更有利于电池快速散热,但随着转速的提升,压缩机的压比由2.29增至4.07,容积效率降低,做功能力受限,从而导致系统COP由6.47降至3.62。测试工况下,单块冷板热载荷为600 W,压缩机转速为2 400 r/min时,系统COP可以高达7.41,此时冷板的平均温度为19.34 ℃,在电池热管理系统要求的最佳温度区间内。单块冷板热载荷为800 W,压缩机转速为5 400 r/min时,此时冷板的平均温度为14.87 ℃,系统COP仍能够达到3.48。
本文基于1P63S储能电池箱,设计了一种多箱电池包制冷剂直冷热管理系统,研究了不同运行参数对直冷系统的影响。重点分析了该系统在0.5 C倍率标准充电工况下的温控效果、压力特性和系统性能,指出了制冷剂直冷热管理方式在电池热管理领域的优势,旨在为储能电站直冷热管理系统的设计选型提供指导,得到如下结论:
1)该系统在0.5 C倍率充电工况下,压缩机转速为2 400 r/min时,直冷板的最大无量纲压力损失系数为6.27%,表面平均温度为13.98 ℃,冷板间的最大温差为1.90 ℃,此时系统的制冷量为1 764 W,系统COP为5.83。
2)冷板间的温差随着压缩机转速和冷板热载荷的增加而增大。单冷板热载荷为900 W,压缩机转速为5 400 r/min时,冷板间的温差最大为3.99 ℃。
3)系统COP随着压缩机转速的升高而减小,热载荷为700 W时,压缩机转速自3 000 r/min时升至4 800 r/min时,系统的COP由6.47降至3.62,降幅为44.05%。测试期间,热载荷为600 W,压缩机转速为2 400 r/min时,系统的最高COP为7.41,此时冷板的平均温度为19.34 ℃,系统最大温差为2.37 ℃。
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.084
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
  • 修回日期:2024-03-26
  • 录用日期:2024-04-19
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    1上海交通大学中英国际低碳学院 上海 201306
    2上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所 上海 200240
    3太阳能发电及制冷教育部工程研究中心 上海 200240

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代彦军,男,博士,教授,上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,021-34204358,E-mail:。研究方向:太阳能利用与建筑节能,热泵系统。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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