Article(id=1239217293461344847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719763200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-01, revisedDate=1722787200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-05, acceptedDate=1724169600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-21, onlineDate=1773382026305, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1760544000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773382026305, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773382026305, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382026305, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239217289715839002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773382025412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382179485, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239217293696225875, articleId=1239217293461344847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Refrigeration Thermal Management System Based on Flat Heat Pipes, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Existing thermal management schemes struggle to actively and efficiently create a low-temperature heat sink in a limited enclosed space. Hence, a composite thermoelectric refrigeration thermal management system based on flat heat pipes is proposed in this study. A numerical simulation model of the composite system was developed, and an experimental platform for the composite thermoelectric refrigeration thermal management system was established to verify the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the proposed composite thermal management system provided a low-temperature heat sink for the entire thermal management system in a limited space and solved the problem of heat accumulation at the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration module by coupling with the plate heat pipe. The thermoelectric refrigeration system based on a flat-plate heat pipe was considerably better than that based on aluminum fins in terms of 1-12 A working current. The cooling capacity and COP (coefficient of performance) of a single thermoelectric module plate were effectively increased by 38.35% and 14.81%, respectively, under the best working conditions.

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Shi Bo, male, professor, School of Energy and Power, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 86-13813907356, E-mail: . Research fields: aircraft thermal management, engine thermal management, thermal design and thermalmanagement of electronic equipment.
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为解决有限封闭空间下现存热管理方案存在难以主动高效地创造低温热沉的问题,提出一种基于平板热管的热电制冷复合热管理系统。建立了复合系统的数值仿真模型,并搭建了平板热管耦合热电制冷热管理系统实验台,实验验证了模型的准确性。结果表明:提出的复合热管理系统利用热电制冷片在有限空间内为整体热管理系统提供低温热沉,并通过耦合平板热管解决了热电制冷片热端高热量积聚现象。在1~12 A工作电流下,热电制冷片性能均远优于基于铝制翅片的热电制冷系统散热,单片制冷片最佳工况下制冷量有效提升38.35%,COP提升14.81%。

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史波,男,教授,南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院,13813907356,E-mail:。研究方向:飞行器热管理,发动机热管理,电子设备热设计与热管理。
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参数名称数值参数名称数值
肋厚δ1/mm2热翅片总高Hh/mm30
肋基厚δ2/mm2热翅片肋高H2/mm28
肋间距d1/mm3热电臂间距d2/mm1.92
冷翅片肋高H1/mm18陶瓷基板厚度δ3/mm0.75
冷翅片总高Hc/mm20电极片厚度δ4/mm0.45
冷翅片总宽度Wc/mm60热电臂对数N/对127
冷翅片总长度Lc/mm60最大电流Imax/A15
热翅片总宽度Wh/mm100最大电压Umax/V15
热翅片总长度Lh/mm100最大温差ΔTmax/K68
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参数名称数值参数名称数值
肋厚δ1/mm2热翅片总高Hh/mm30
肋基厚δ2/mm2热翅片肋高H2/mm28
肋间距d1/mm3热电臂间距d2/mm1.92
冷翅片肋高H1/mm18陶瓷基板厚度δ3/mm0.75
冷翅片总高Hc/mm20电极片厚度δ4/mm0.45
冷翅片总宽度Wc/mm60热电臂对数N/对127
冷翅片总长度Lc/mm60最大电流Imax/A15
热翅片总宽度Wh/mm100最大电压Umax/V15
热翅片总长度Lh/mm100最大温差ΔTmax/K68
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参数名称数值
泡沫箱尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)100×100×100
泡沫箱厚度/mm2
风道尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)300×180×60
初始进风速度/(m/s)3
风扇模拟风压/Pa100
初始环境温度/K298
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参数名称数值
泡沫箱尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)100×100×100
泡沫箱厚度/mm2
风道尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)300×180×60
初始进风速度/(m/s)3
风扇模拟风压/Pa100
初始环境温度/K298
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参数名称密度/(kg/m3比热容/[J/(kg·K)]导热系数/[W/(m·K)]
2 800900205
热电臂1 667660x:0.026
y:0.026
z:1.087 1
电极片8 694381x:0.026
y:0.026
z:377.23
泡沫箱3013000.01
平板热管1 400150x:3 000
y:3 000
z:1 500
陶瓷基板3 9701.773T+61
(0~473.15 K)
27
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参数名称密度/(kg/m3比热容/[J/(kg·K)]导热系数/[W/(m·K)]
2 800900205
热电臂1 667660x:0.026
y:0.026
z:1.087 1
电极片8 694381x:0.026
y:0.026
z:377.23
泡沫箱3013000.01
平板热管1 400150x:3 000
y:3 000
z:1 500
陶瓷基板3 9701.773T+61
(0~473.15 K)
27
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设备名称设备型号设备数量备注
数据采集仪DAQ970A1 
直流电源MP3020D20~30 V、0~20 A
可调速风扇SDS0624MH4DC 24 V、0.15 A
管道风速仪ST8661 
T型热电偶TT-T-3010 
平板热管 1100 mm×100mm×2 mm
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设备名称设备型号设备数量备注
数据采集仪DAQ970A1 
直流电源MP3020D20~30 V、0~20 A
可调速风扇SDS0624MH4DC 24 V、0.15 A
管道风速仪ST8661 
T型热电偶TT-T-3010 
平板热管 1100 mm×100mm×2 mm
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测量仪器物理量量程精度不确定度
管道风速仪风速/(m/s)0~100.2 m/s4%
T型热电偶温度/K73.15~533.150.50 K1.25%
直流电源电压/V0~300.5 V3.33%
直流电源电流/A0~200.5 A4.17%
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测量仪器物理量量程精度不确定度
管道风速仪风速/(m/s)0~100.2 m/s4%
T型热电偶温度/K73.15~533.150.50 K1.25%
直流电源电压/V0~300.5 V3.33%
直流电源电流/A0~200.5 A4.17%
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制冷量Qc散热量Qh能效比COP
7.26%7.27%10.32%
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制冷量Qc散热量Qh能效比COP
7.26%7.27%10.32%
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基于平板热管的热电制冷热管理系统数值模拟与实验研究
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陈翀 , 刘克函 , 史波
制冷学报 | 2025,46(5): 77-85
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(5): 77-85
基于平板热管的热电制冷热管理系统数值模拟与实验研究
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陈翀, 刘克函, 史波
作者信息
  • 南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院 南京 210016

通讯作者:

史波,男,教授,南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院,13813907356,E-mail:。研究方向:飞行器热管理,发动机热管理,电子设备热设计与热管理。
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Refrigeration Thermal Management System Based on Flat Heat Pipes
Chong Chen, Kehan Liu, Bo Shi
Affiliations
  • College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
出版时间: 2025-10-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.077
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为解决有限封闭空间下现存热管理方案存在难以主动高效地创造低温热沉的问题,提出一种基于平板热管的热电制冷复合热管理系统。建立了复合系统的数值仿真模型,并搭建了平板热管耦合热电制冷热管理系统实验台,实验验证了模型的准确性。结果表明:提出的复合热管理系统利用热电制冷片在有限空间内为整体热管理系统提供低温热沉,并通过耦合平板热管解决了热电制冷片热端高热量积聚现象。在1~12 A工作电流下,热电制冷片性能均远优于基于铝制翅片的热电制冷系统散热,单片制冷片最佳工况下制冷量有效提升38.35%,COP提升14.81%。

热管理  /  低温热沉  /  平板热管  /  热电制冷

Existing thermal management schemes struggle to actively and efficiently create a low-temperature heat sink in a limited enclosed space. Hence, a composite thermoelectric refrigeration thermal management system based on flat heat pipes is proposed in this study. A numerical simulation model of the composite system was developed, and an experimental platform for the composite thermoelectric refrigeration thermal management system was established to verify the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the proposed composite thermal management system provided a low-temperature heat sink for the entire thermal management system in a limited space and solved the problem of heat accumulation at the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration module by coupling with the plate heat pipe. The thermoelectric refrigeration system based on a flat-plate heat pipe was considerably better than that based on aluminum fins in terms of 1-12 A working current. The cooling capacity and COP (coefficient of performance) of a single thermoelectric module plate were effectively increased by 38.35% and 14.81%, respectively, under the best working conditions.

thermal management  /  low temperature heat sink  /  flat heat pipe  /  thermoelectric refrigeration
陈翀, 刘克函, 史波. 基于平板热管的热电制冷热管理系统数值模拟与实验研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 77 -85 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.077
Chong Chen, Kehan Liu, Bo Shi. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Refrigeration Thermal Management System Based on Flat Heat Pipes[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (5) : 77 -85 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.077
随着高性能、高集成化的电子设备系统逐渐发展,高精尖设备对工作环境的要求越来越苛刻,稳定可靠的工作环境是保证电子设备长期稳定运行的前提,为保障电子设备正常高效运行,有限封闭空间的热管理方案面临着一系列挑战。常见的散热方式中,传统风冷、液冷方式难以保证设备运行环境的封闭性,降低了设备运行的可靠性;普通热管方式属于被动散热,但无法主动创造低温热沉,在环境温度过高的工作条件要求下难以发挥作用;蒸气压缩制冷虽然能够提供有效的低温热沉,但体积庞大、结构复杂的特点增加了系统复杂性。为解决上述问题,Ioffe院士[1]提出将热电制冷应用于电子设备散热。热电制冷作为一种新型热泵[2],与普通热管散热方式相比,热电制冷能够在较短时间内提供低于环境温度的低温热沉中和电子设备产热;与蒸气压缩制冷系统相比,热电制冷系统无需压缩机、蒸发器及冷凝器等复杂部件,并省略了复杂的管路,具有结构简单、安全系数高等优势。现阶段热电制冷已经普遍应用于电子器件热管理[3-5]、激光器冷却[6-8]、太阳能-热电冰箱[9]等领域。
热电制冷系统制冷量随工作电流的增加而增加,胡浩茫[10]发现当制冷量需求增加时,由于输入电流的热效应增加,制冷片热端温度快速增加,因此其整体能效比下降;曹娟华等[11-12]基于传热过程的数学模型分析了影响热电制冷片性能的因素,发现热端散热性能对其制冷性能的影响较大。因此,当制冷量需求增加时,解决热电制冷片热端散热问题成为提高其能效比的关键。黄双福等[13]通过实验研究得出热管散热器能够获得更低的冷端温度;李岩[14]和常泽楠[15]对热电制冷片耦合风冷、水冷和普通热管热端散热方式的进行实验分析,结果表明普通热管散热性价比和安全性较高。由此可知,热管作为热端散热媒介能够有效提高热电制冷系统性能,在机载光电吊舱[16]这类高制冷量需求的封闭大空间中,平板热管能够将高热流沿多维方向传递,再通过支撑柱的纵向传热和内部空腔的横向传热[17]的方法,迅速将热电制冷片热端的高热流扩张至更大的面积,分散热流,从而达到降低热端温度,缩小冷热端温差的效果,并且平板热管具有平整接触面,更易与热电制冷片结合,减小接触热阻,从而在高制冷量需求带来热端高热流的情况下能够持续进行散热,进一步提升系统的制冷量和COP(性能系数,coefficient of performance)。
因此,本文提出将平板热管与热电制冷片相耦合的热管理系统方案,通过简化热电模块,实现了稳态工况下热电制冷系统的仿真模拟,并通过搭建热电制冷系统实验台,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。详细讨论了在不同电流情况下,使用铝制翅片和平板热管翅片的2种热管理方案的性能差异,总结了使用平板热管后热电制冷片冷热端温度、COP以及制冷量等参数的变化规律,验证了平板热管与热电制冷片相耦合的热管理方案的可行性和有效性,为后续热电制冷系统的构建提供了优化思路。
基于平板热管的热电制冷系统物理模型如图1所示,热电制冷片冷端连接冷端翅片,通过轴流风扇对泡沫绝热外壳内的制冷空腔进行降温,热端依次连接平板热管及散热翅片,将热电制冷片热端产生的高热流转化成低热流再通过翅片进行散热,同时通过矩形风道进行强迫对流换热,保证平板热管能够在大电流工况产生的高热流密度下,有效降低热端温度,还能够大幅提高热电制冷片COP,持续提供较高的制冷量。
采用的热电制冷片型号为TEC01-12715,由127对热电偶(PN结)元件构成,由于本文重点关注平板热管和翅片结构对热电制冷性能的影响,故为降低计算复杂度,这里参考文献[18]中的模型简化方法,忽略接触热阻对热电制冷模型的影响。根据以前的研究,P型和N型热电臂之间存在的间隙并不会对整体模型性能产生影响,因此计算过程中可以忽略,而将重点聚集在热电臂、电极片以及冷端和热端的边界条件,最终简化物理模型如图1图2所示。
在热电制冷模块建模中,对其传热方程和热电效应方程进行综合考虑,当热电偶传热达到平衡时,将有50%的焦耳热流入冷端,由于汤姆逊效应是一种二级热电效应,因此忽略汤姆逊效应的影响。
此时热电模块产生的制冷量Qc(W)为:
式中:α为塞贝克系数,V/K;I为电流,A;R为电阻,Ω;K代表热电偶的总热导,W/K;TcTh分别为冷、热端温度,K;下标p、n分别代表p型、n型热电偶。
热电模块热端产生的散热量Qh(W)为:
消耗电功率P(W)为:
热电制冷片能效比ε和制冷系数COP为:
其中,KR分别为热电偶的总热导和总电阻,计算如下:
优值系数ZT值是评估热电材料常用参数,计算如下:
根据式(1)~式(7)结合热电制冷片供应商[19]提供的最大温差ΔTmax、最大电流Imax以及最大承受电压Vmax,可以得到各参数计算式:
上述热电制冷模块数学模型的建立综合了塞贝克效应、珀尔贴效应、傅里叶效应以及焦耳热效应[20],其中后两者为不可逆效应。
本文提出一种适用于热电制冷系统的数值计算方法,基于FLUENT商业软件,结合Icepak软件和自定义UDF对所提出的热电制冷复合系统进行仿真模拟,求解方法如图3所示。
热电制冷系统几何结构参数如表1所示。
通过表1提供的参数进行TEC01-12715热电制冷片模型建立,在Icepak中输入各项材料参数,将生成UDF1进行参数提取及拟合,对功率传递系数k,电臂体积功率密度Qv1(W/m3)和电极体积功率密度Qv2(W/m3)进行提取。根据Icepak中的求解方法可知,热电制冷片仿真模拟采用等效体积功率密度对电极片、热电臂以及两者交界面热电效应进行替代,将其对应体积功率密度数值进行3次函数拟合,拟合前后结果误差均小于1%。编译适用于FLUENT的UDF2进行稳态求解,求解得到冷端温度T′c、热端温度T′h、制冷量Q′c以及制冷系数COP′,将Q′c、COP′与TEM供应商[19]提供的参数进行数据对比,当Qc、COP与求解结果误差小于1%时认定为正确,即求解完成;反之,继续进行参数修正直至结果误差符合条件。通过该方法能够在结构复杂的热电制冷系统设计时,进行较为准确的数值模拟。
定义ΔQ为制冷量系数与仿真计算所得Qc之差与Q′c比值的绝对值,同理可得ΔCOP,二者用于衡量迭代结果的准确性。
仿真分析初始条件及边界条件设定如表2所示。
根据Lin Weikeng等[21]对等效导热系数研究与的实验结果,对本设计中平板热管的外形尺寸进行等效导热系数估计计算,提高数值仿真结果的准确性,数值仿真材料设置如表3所示。
网格划分中,图1所示模型采用FLUENT MESHING绘制非结构化网格,最小间隙网格层数为4层,对冷、热端翅片附近网格在流固交界面上进行加密,形成边界层网格,边界层第一层网格厚度设置为0.113 mm。
图4所示为不同网格下热端翅片的最高温度和平均温度的变化,选取最大翅片温度和平均翅片温度作为判断依据。由图4可知,当网格量大于421万时二者变化差异均小于1%,继续增加网格时对计算结果的影响较小,因此在保证计算结果准确性的前提下为节省计算资源选取该网格量进行计算。当边界条件略有调整时确保最小间隙层数不变,总网格量变化较小,从而保证所有网格均满足网格无关性条件。
根据图1所示几何模型,进行实验台搭建,测试原理如图5所示。在环境温度为25 ℃条件下,通过自上而下拼接,风道由尺寸为300 mm×180 mm×60 mm的矩形亚克力板构成,为确保实际进风速度为3 m/s的均匀气流,在进风口采用3台型号为SDS0624 MH的热端散热风扇,设置与风道截面尺寸一致的扰流板,在扰流板后方设置管道风速仪,实时监测风速情况并传递信号进入数据采集系统,方案一散热翅片基座为铝,方案二散热翅片基座为平板热管,用于对比平板热管散热效果;热电制冷部分在半导体制冷片热端与冷端交界面布置2个温度测点,监测TcTh,采用直流电源供电;冷端采用铝制翅片以及1台型号为SDS0624 MH的冷端扰流风扇,同样由直流电源供电驱动,整体外壳由泡沫保温棉包裹,构成模拟制冷空腔,内部设有温度测点。
通过改变电流1~12 A,将上述电源的所有电流电压信号以及各测点温度和风速信号传输至数据采集仪中,进行数据采集和记录。
汇总上述实验设备如表4所示,实验装置如图6所示。
仪器精度、测量方法及测量环境不同均会带来一定的实验测量误差。不确定度是指因测量误差而造成的测量值误差,本实验中直接测量的物理量包括温度、风速、电流和电压等,不同参数的不确定度及直接测量物理量的仪器测量精度如表5所示。
对于间接测量的物理量,其不确定度可根据平方根理论求得。假定Y为直接测量量x1x2,……,xn的函数,即Y=Yx1x2,……,xn),而δ1δ2,……,δnx1x2,……,xn的相对不确定度,则Y的不确定度为:
对于间接测量物理量,其最大不确定度如表6所示。
实验过程中记录不同电流下热电制冷片冷热端温度,选取有效制冷量较高的4~8 A电流情况对数值仿真结果进行验证,实验结果如图7所示。热电制冷系统冷热端温度及温差仿真结果与实验结果相比,误差均在1.25%以内,且冷热端温度变化趋势与实验结果一致。根据图7实验结果进行计算得到2种工况下热电制冷系统制冷量计算结果如图8所示。由图8可知,实验结果始终低于仿真计算所得制冷量,可能是由于实验过程中漏热产生的实验误差,但2种方案的制冷量误差均保持在10%以内,综上所述,通过与实验结果的对比验证了数值模拟结果的准确性,也验证了平板热管耦合热电制冷片的热管理系统方案的可行性。
在上述实验验证的基础上,整体分析讨论了热端输入额定电流下1~12 A范围内热电制冷片耦合铝制翅片和平板热管2种热管理方案的散热性能,结果如图9所示。
根据求解结果可知,当电流增加时,2种热端散热方式下,热电制冷片冷端温度均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,存在冷端温度最低值,铝制翅片散热方案下(简称:方案一),当I=7 A时,冷端温度Tc出现最小值,为278.91 K;平板热管翅片散热方案下(简称:方案二),当I=8 A时,出现最小值Tc=275.02 K,相较于工况一,冷端温度下降3.89 K。热电制冷片热端温度均由于电流的热效应呈现上升趋势,并随着热端热流增加,上升速率逐渐增加。相比于方案一的铝质翅片形式,方案二的平板热管散热方式在电流较大时优势逐渐明显,表现为在低电流0~6 A热端温度略有下降,而在高电流7~12 A时,热端温度最大下降了26.17 K,下降率达7.32%。热电制冷片冷热端温差也呈逐渐增大趋势,且方案二的温差始终低于方案一。这是由于平板热管的散热效果优于铝制翅片,使方案二的冷热端温差小于方案一,可进一步提高热电模块的制冷性能。2种方案在电流为11、12 A情况下,热电制冷的COP极低,缺少实际应用价值,在后续实际工况分析中,舍去11、12 A两组数据,重点关注1~10 A电流下制冷量变化。
由式(1)可知,其他参数不变的情况下,热端散热效果的提升能够使热电模块的制冷量快速提升,2种方案的制冷量对比如图10所示。由图10可知,方案一I=6 A时,制冷量最大达到25.70 W,COP=0.45;方案二I=7 A时,制冷量最大达到27.96 W,COP=0.37。对比2种方案,方案二在小电流情况下制冷量和COP的增长率较不明显,但在大电流情况下,最大制冷量增长率达到90.3%,COP提升0.14;并且电流继续增加时,制冷量虽略有下降,但相比于方案一仍保持在较高水平。若需继续提高制冷量,后续可根据实际电子设备工作情况选择制冷片片数和合适的电流,在较高的COP工况下达到更大的制冷量。
图11所示为2种方案下电流分别为1、7、12 A的热电制冷系统温度云图。可以看出,在3组电流云图对比下,平板热管对热端温度的均温效果明显优于铝制翅片,可有效消除热端的高温热点。当电流为1 A时,平板热管翅片的均温效果已略有显现;当电流为7 A时,平板热管热面翅片温度差为3.48 K,而铝制翅片热面温度差为12.66 K,最高温度相较于平板热管高出6.09 K,有效减少了翅片中段热量堆积。平板热管在高电流时能够将高热流及时散出,使冷面温度下降,提高制冷量,此刻2种工况下的冷面温度相差3.51 K,空腔内的温度也比环境温度298 K下降了22.75 K,能够实现较大温差下的有效散热;当电流为12 A时,平板热管的散热效果已明显高于铝制翅片,热端温度的控制使热电制冷片能够最大限度发挥制冷效果,2种工况下制冷空腔内温差达到14 K,但由于热端温度依旧过高反噬,使冷面温度上升,制冷效果弱于7 A电流下的制冷系统。
同时,环境温度的不同会对本研究结果产生影响,但由于热电制冷片的热端温度决定其冷端性能,环境温度在采用风冷的情况下直接影响热端温度,通过上述结果可知,相同电流下环境温度对冷热端温差的影响较小,在热端温度上升后,冷端温度也会对应上升。因此,可以在已知热端温度的基础上,再结合本仿真结果的冷热端温差,大致推断制冷空腔与环境温度的差值,也能够实现复合热管理系统优良的判定。
综上所述,平板热管热端翅片的散热方式,能够有效降低热端温度,使热电制冷片在相同电流下能够达到更低的制冷温度,同时也降低了热电制冷片的冷热端温差。根据式(1)及式(4)可知,冷热端温差及冷端温度的下降,能够进一步提高制冷量及能效比COP,尤其在高热流情况下,能够及时将热量带走,从而提高热电制冷片制冷效果,上述结果也验证了热电制冷片与平板热管耦合的热管理方案的可行性。
本文针对传统有限封闭空间下电子设备热管理方案缺乏低温热沉的特点,以及热电制冷片在高热流工况下提升性能的需求,提出了平板热管与热电制冷复合的热管理系统,通过数值模拟和实验研究进行了分析,得到如下结论:
1)提出了一种基于平板热管的热电制冷复合热管理系统,在相同初始边界条件下,建立了其数值仿真模型与实验台测试系统,并且该数值模拟方法与实验测得温度数据误差均小于1.25%,制冷量及COP的计算结果误差均在10%以内,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。
2)在环境温度为298 K下,该复合热管理系统能够通过热电制冷片提供低于环境温度22.75 K的工作条件,并通过平板热管将集中的高热流快速散去,有效降低热端温度及冷热端温差,保障热电制冷片正常运行,提高了制冷量和COP。
3)在研究电流为1~12 A实验及仿真工况下,对比了平板热管和铝制翅片散热方案,结果表明在电流为7 A时,该系统比传统铝制翅片散热系统的制冷量提高38.35%,COP提高14.81%。平板热管使单片制冷片热端温度最多下降26.17 K,最低冷端温度下降3.89 K,冷热端温差最多下降11.97 K,为后续多制冷片组合在更高电流下能够耦合平板热管奠定基础。
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.077
  • 接收时间:2024-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-10-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01
  • 修回日期:2024-08-05
  • 录用日期:2024-08-21
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    南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院 南京 210016

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史波,男,教授,南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院,13813907356,E-mail:。研究方向:飞行器热管理,发动机热管理,电子设备热设计与热管理。
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