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Article(id=1239217293050303042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716998400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-30, revisedDate=1720022400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-04, acceptedDate=1724601600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-26, onlineDate=1773382026206, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1760544000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773382026206, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773382026206, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382026206, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239217289715839002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773382025412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382179485, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=96, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239217293280989768, articleId=1239217293050303042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Study on Frost Layer Growth Characteristics of Finned Tube Evaporator Under Forced Convection Conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Frosting is one main adverse factor hindering the application of finned tube evaporators in refrigeration systems. To accurately predict the growth characteristics of the frost layer, its growth behavior on the surface of a three-dimensional finned tube under forced convection conditions was numerically simulated based on the coupled VOF (volume of fluid) multiphase flow and phase change mass transfer rate model method. The maximum difference between the simulated frost layer thickness and the experimental results was within 15%. The estimated value of the frost layer density was within a confidence interval of up to 90%; this is in good agreement. By building a visualization experimental platform for frosting on the surface of the finned tube of the evaporator, the influences of ambient temperature, relative humidity, and frontal wind speed on frost growth characteristics under single-factor changes were analyzed. The results showed that the thickness of the frost layer gradually decreased from front to back in the direction of the airflow. The lower the air temperature, the greater the wind speed, the higher the relative humidity, the larger the thickness of the frost layer, the more frost, and the larger the thermal resistance of the frost layer. The thickness of the frost layer reached its highest value of 2.344 mm at 85% relative humidity. According to the Morris sensitivity analysis, the relative humidity had the greatest influence on the frost layer thermal resistance, and the sensitivity coefficient reached 2.41. The correlation of the frost layer thermal resistance with different environmental parameters was obtained using the least squares regression method.

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Peng Baixue, female, postgraduate student, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 86-17364321929, E-mail: . Research fields: key technology research and development of environmental test equipment.
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结霜现象是阻碍翅片管蒸发器在制冷系统应用的主要不利因素之一。为准确预测霜层生长特性，基于耦合VOF多相流和相变传质速率模型方法，对强制对流条件下三维翅片管表面霜层生长行为进行了数值模拟，模拟得到的霜层厚度与实验结果相比最大差异控制在15%以内，霜层密度的估计值在高达90%的置信区间内，吻合较好。通过搭建翅片管蒸发器表面结霜可视化实验平台，分析了在单因素变化下环境温度、相对湿度及迎面风速对翅片管表面霜层生长特性的影响规律，结果表明：霜层厚度随着进风气流方向从前向后逐渐降低，空气温度越低、迎面风速越大及相对湿度越高，霜层厚度、结霜量及霜层热阻也越大，相对湿度85%下的霜层厚度达到最高，为2.344 mm。根据Morris敏感度分析法得到相对湿度对霜层热阻的影响最大，敏感度系数达到2.41，并使用最小二乘回归方法得到霜层热阻关于不同环境参数下的相关性。

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彭白雪，女，硕士研究生，安徽理工大学机电工程学院，17364321929，E-mail：。研究方向：环境试验装备关键技术研发。
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2.Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
3.Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
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2安徽理工大学矿山智能装备与技术安徽省重点实验室　淮南　232001
3安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院（芜湖）　芜湖　241003
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网格类别网格数量霜层厚度/mm
10 min30 min50 min
12 429 0450.527 21.346 71.842 8
23 797 2200.548 71.369 51.872 6
34 562 3500.551 91.376 71.881 3
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网格类别网格数量霜层厚度/mm
10 min30 min50 min
12 429 0450.527 21.346 71.842 8
23 797 2200.548 71.369 51.872 6
34 562 3500.551 91.376 71.881 3
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实验工况10 min20 min30 min40 min50 min
T=-3.8 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
T=0 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
T=3.8 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
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实验工况10 min20 min30 min40 min50 min
T=-3.8 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
T=0 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
T=3.8 ℃
xRH=75%
v=1.6 m/s
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XiTinxRHv
S0.320 436 962.412 655 950.470 981 37
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XiTinxRHv
S0.320 436 962.412 655 950.470 981 37
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强制对流条件下翅片管蒸发器霜层生长特性研究
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陈清华 1, 2, 3, 4 , 彭白雪 1 , 陆育 1 , 季家东 1
制冷学报 | 2025,46(5): 96-104
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(5): 96-104
强制对流条件下翅片管蒸发器霜层生长特性研究
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陈清华1, 2, 3, 4, 彭白雪1 , 陆育1, 季家东1
作者信息
  • 1安徽理工大学机电工程学院　淮南　232001
  • 2安徽理工大学矿山智能装备与技术安徽省重点实验室　淮南　232001
  • 3安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院（芜湖）　芜湖　241003
  • 4广东立佳实业有限公司　东莞　523000

通讯作者:

彭白雪，女，硕士研究生，安徽理工大学机电工程学院，17364321929，E-mail：。研究方向：环境试验装备关键技术研发。
Study on Frost Layer Growth Characteristics of Finned Tube Evaporator Under Forced Convection Conditions
Qinghua Chen1, 2, 3, 4, Baixue Peng1 , Yu Lu1, Jiadong Ji1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
  • 2.Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
  • 3.Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
  • 4.Guangdong Lik Industry Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.096
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摘要
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结霜现象是阻碍翅片管蒸发器在制冷系统应用的主要不利因素之一。为准确预测霜层生长特性，基于耦合VOF多相流和相变传质速率模型方法，对强制对流条件下三维翅片管表面霜层生长行为进行了数值模拟，模拟得到的霜层厚度与实验结果相比最大差异控制在15%以内，霜层密度的估计值在高达90%的置信区间内，吻合较好。通过搭建翅片管蒸发器表面结霜可视化实验平台，分析了在单因素变化下环境温度、相对湿度及迎面风速对翅片管表面霜层生长特性的影响规律，结果表明：霜层厚度随着进风气流方向从前向后逐渐降低，空气温度越低、迎面风速越大及相对湿度越高，霜层厚度、结霜量及霜层热阻也越大，相对湿度85%下的霜层厚度达到最高，为2.344 mm。根据Morris敏感度分析法得到相对湿度对霜层热阻的影响最大，敏感度系数达到2.41，并使用最小二乘回归方法得到霜层热阻关于不同环境参数下的相关性。

翅片管蒸发器  /  结霜  /  强制对流  /  伪VOF

Frosting is one main adverse factor hindering the application of finned tube evaporators in refrigeration systems. To accurately predict the growth characteristics of the frost layer, its growth behavior on the surface of a three-dimensional finned tube under forced convection conditions was numerically simulated based on the coupled VOF (volume of fluid) multiphase flow and phase change mass transfer rate model method. The maximum difference between the simulated frost layer thickness and the experimental results was within 15%. The estimated value of the frost layer density was within a confidence interval of up to 90%; this is in good agreement. By building a visualization experimental platform for frosting on the surface of the finned tube of the evaporator, the influences of ambient temperature, relative humidity, and frontal wind speed on frost growth characteristics under single-factor changes were analyzed. The results showed that the thickness of the frost layer gradually decreased from front to back in the direction of the airflow. The lower the air temperature, the greater the wind speed, the higher the relative humidity, the larger the thickness of the frost layer, the more frost, and the larger the thermal resistance of the frost layer. The thickness of the frost layer reached its highest value of 2.344 mm at 85% relative humidity. According to the Morris sensitivity analysis, the relative humidity had the greatest influence on the frost layer thermal resistance, and the sensitivity coefficient reached 2.41. The correlation of the frost layer thermal resistance with different environmental parameters was obtained using the least squares regression method.

finned tube evaporator  /  frosting  /  forced convection  /  pseudo VOF
陈清华, 彭白雪, 陆育, 季家东. 强制对流条件下翅片管蒸发器霜层生长特性研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.096
Qinghua Chen, Baixue Peng, Yu Lu, Jiadong Ji. Study on Frost Layer Growth Characteristics of Finned Tube Evaporator Under Forced Convection Conditions[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (5) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.096
正文
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随着消费升级的持续及制冷工业的兴起，制冷能源的加速消耗违背了节能减排的国家政策。《“十四五”节能减排综合工作方案》指出以碳达峰、碳中和为目标，制定绿色高效制冷行动计划，降低制冷技术及设备负载以平衡供需，显著提升制冷系统能效水平[1]。翅片管蒸发器由于其优良的换热性能被广泛应用于制冷系统中[2-3]。然而，蒸发器需频繁处于低温高湿环境下，湿空气经过其表面会相变成霜，霜层的积累增加了翅片与空气间的热阻，导致制冷系统制冷能效比大幅降低。若不采取有效除霜措施，制冷系统将会堵塞失效。
众多制冷设备中蒸发器处于温、湿度及风速并存的强制对流条件下密闭空间内，在主流空气影响下，其表面结霜受管束结构及环境条件的影响情况较冷表面结霜更为复杂。然而，对于该条件下蒸发器结霜的相关研究较少。因此，开展强制对流条件下蒸发器结霜特性研究十分必要。现有针对结霜的研究可分为理论分析与数值模拟方法。前者主要通过对霜层初始参数进行假设及优化，依靠经验公式预测霜层厚度、密度及导热系数等参数[4-6]。夏斌等[7]提出了快速来流条件下的冷表面一维干模态结霜模型，研究了各因素对霜层生长的影响规律。F. Breque等[8]提出了一种基于多孔介质热量和质量扩散理论的结霜模型，利用饱和松弛假设有效改进了霜层生长预测方法。基于经验相关性的理论模型可以有效预测冷表面结霜问题。然而，蒸发器表面结霜更为复杂，上述方法存在局限性。另有学者直接以翅片管换热器为对象开展结霜研究[9]。近年来，随着计算流体力学技术（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）的不断发展，数值模拟方法被越来越多地应用于复杂结霜问题研究，将霜层看作流体，对空气和霜层中流场和传热传质同时求解[10-12]。夏斌等[13]利用VOF（volume of fluid）多相流方法对强制对流条件下二维圆管动态结霜过程进行了数值模拟。D. Kim等[14]基于CFD方法建立了一种霜层生长与致密化模型，描述了冷表面上结霜的宏观与局部行为。上述研究同时求解了湿空气与霜层区域，对多相流模型在结霜模拟应用上进行了有效验证，因此该模型适合模拟快速来流条件下蒸发器表面霜层生长问题。但已有的结霜模拟仍集中于简单结构冷表面结霜。
本文在以往研究的基础上[15-16]，基于VOF多相流模型及相变质量传递自定义函数（UDF，user-defined function）对快速来流条件下三维蒸发器翅片管表面结霜过程进行数值模拟，通过单因素变化分析不同环境温度、相对湿度及迎面风速下霜层生长特性的变化规律，搭建翅片管蒸发器表面霜层生长可视化实验平台，进行结霜实验，验证结霜模型的正确性，为翅片管蒸发器结霜抑霜问题提供了实验依据和理论参考。
1 蒸发器物理及数学模型
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1.1 物理模型
为了降低计算量和计算难度，利用翅片管蒸发器对称性对其进行了简化计算，在进行数值模拟时选取了整个翅片管中部前段作为求解区域，将研究重点瞄准到翅片间的空气对流及翅片管表面的热传导上，具体区域为一个翅片、翅片左右2个空气通道、进口段及出口段，具体求解域结构如图1所示，根据张龙[17]对翅片管结霜分布规律的研究，采用局部结霜可以代替整体结霜。
将求解区域出入口部分分别延长以减少回流对模拟过程的影响，对其进行网格划分，出入口部分及翅片采用六面体网格，流体区域及管壁采用四面体网格，网格划分及边界条件设置如图1所示，为了得到更精确的结果，对管壁附近网格进行了加密处理，如图1（b）所示。使用Mesh软件生成3组网格进行网格独立性验证，利用环境温度为0 ℃、相对湿度为75%及迎面风速为1.6 m/s的环境工况进行测试，得到了不同网格数量下的霜层厚度，如表1所示，第2种网格数为3 797 220下的霜层厚度与第3种情况下的霜层厚度基本相似，与网格数最少的第1种情况相比，霜层厚度有所增加，考虑到数值模拟精度及计算成本，第2种网格数足以表示霜层生长，最终网格数为3 797 220。
1.2 数学模型
1.2.1 基本假设
鉴于结霜是一个复杂的非稳态过程，为简化计算，考虑以下假设：1）湿空气为不可压缩牛顿流体；2）忽略辐射传热、内热源和黏性耗散；3）湿空气在翅片表面直接形成霜层，忽略水蒸气液化成液滴过程；4）结霜时翅片管外接触的湿空气为过饱和状态；5）考虑翅片与管壁温度为常数，无需对制冷剂流体域进行模拟。
建立新三维多相多组分非稳态模型描述霜层形成与生长过程。该模型基于VOF多相流格式，湿空气域为主相（湿空气相），主相是含有干燥空气和水蒸气互相混合的气体，次相为固体（冰相）。
1.2.2 控制方程
控制方程包括体积分数方程、质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程以及组分守恒方程。对主相和次相分别建立控制方程：
冰相体积分数控制方程：
式中：αi冰相体积分数，αi=1表示控制体积中全部为冰相，αi=0表示控制体积中全部为气相，0<αi<1表示控制体积中两相共存；t为时间，min；ui为冰相速度，m/s；Sαi为冰相体积源项，kg/m3。
质量守恒方程：
式中：ρa、ρi分别为湿空气相密度、冰相密度，kg/m3；本文将霜层密度视为气相与冰相密度的加权平均值ρ=αaρa+（1-αa）ρi；ua、ui分别为湿空气相速度、冰相速度，m/s；Sma、Smi分别为湿空气相质量源项、冰相质量源项，kg/（m3·s）。
原VOF多相流模型中均把流体当作物相作为方程中的对流项，而实际霜层不会移动以及假设（1）中湿空气不可压缩，可将质量守恒方程（5）中对流项省略，式（6）可写成：
动量守恒方程：
式中：p为压力，Pa；Rai、Ria分别为湿空气相对冰相、冰相对湿空气相的动量传递，W/m2；τa、τi分别为湿空气相、冰相应力应变张量，Pa；g为重力加速度，m/s2；Sua、Sui分别为湿空气相、冰相动量源项，N/m3。
能量守恒方程：
式中：ha、hi分别为湿空气、冰相的比焓，J/kg；pa、pi分别为湿空气相、冰相压力，Pa；Qai、Qia分别为湿空气相与冰相接触、冰相与湿空气相接触热量传递，J；Qa、Qi分别为湿空气相内部、冰相内部热量交换，J；Sha、Shi分别为湿空气相、冰相能量源项，W/m3。
水蒸气组分守恒方程为：
式中：wv为湿空气中水的质量分数；为扩散流量，kg/（m·s）；Swv为湿空气相中水蒸气组分的质量源项，kg/（m3·s）。
2 实验方法及过程
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为了验证结霜模型的正确性，利用恒温恒湿箱搭建了快速来流条件下翅片管蒸发器霜层生长可视化实验平台[14-16]。
基于Python数字图像处理技术，利用图像分割测量霜层厚度，将实验中原始霜层图像转化为灰度图像，采用双边滤波技术进行降噪处理，最后对图像进行二值化处理[17-18]，具体图像处理流程如图2所示。根据霜层二值化图像，霜层平均厚度可由下式计算：
式中：H为霜层平均厚度，mm；Aif第i列像素中翅片厚度所占像素个数；Ai为霜层厚度所占像素个数；n为图像矩阵列数；RP为像素比。
表2所示为相对湿度xRH为75%、迎面风速v为1.6 m/s时，进风温度T分别为-3.8、0、3.8 ℃时翅片管蒸发器局部霜层累积随时间变化的图像。
3 结果与分析
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3.1 模型验证
环境温度为0 ℃、相对湿度为85%和风速为1.6 m/s下的霜层厚度及霜层密度模拟结果与实验结果的对比如图3所示。由图3（a）可知，实验值与计算值差异控制在15%以内，其中决定系数（R2）为0.97。由图3（b）可知，将实验所测得的霜层密度数据通过多项式进行拟合，决定系数R2为0.97，所有实验数据点均落在90%置信带及预测带上。实验结果与CFD分析结果吻合较好且变化趋势基本一致，验证了相关性。由此可知，部分时间模拟得到的数据与实验测得的数据存在较大差异，这是由于模拟计算中方程基于一系列假设建立的，模拟结果忽略部分假设和边界条件的影响，与实际情况存在一定差异。
3.2 霜层分布
根据霜层生长机理，冰相体积分数的变化可以代替霜层形成及生长过程[19]。xRH为75%、迎面风速为1.6 m/s时，对环境温度为-3.8、0、3.8 ℃下管壁及翅片附近霜层分布进行数值仿真，结果如图4所示。由图4可知，沿着湿空气的流动方向，霜层厚度由最大值缓慢减小。在同一位置下，结霜初期的霜层厚度增长速率较快，至后期霜层厚度增长速率逐渐变慢，随着湿空气的继续流动，湿空气温度和水蒸气质量分数继续降低，但水蒸气质量分数下降较快，减少了霜层表面的水蒸气量，使主区域沿流动方向的霜冻局部厚度开始缓慢减小。
3.3 环境参数对霜层厚度的影响
不同工况条件下霜层厚度随时间的变化如图5所示。
空气相对湿度为75%、风速为1.6 m/s时不同环境温度下霜层厚度随时间的变化如图5（a）所示。在环境温度仿真模拟范围内，环境温度对霜层厚度的影响变化较为均匀；环境温度越低，霜层厚度生长速率越大；结霜50 min时，环境温度为-3.8 ℃下的霜层厚度较环境温度为0 ℃下提高0.186 mm，较环境温度为3.8 ℃下提高0.374 mm；环境温度越低，水蒸气发生相变引起的热传导能力越强，霜层生长量越大；随着时间推移，霜层生长速率逐渐变慢，可能因为结霜后期霜层堵塞翅片间距导致水蒸气含量急剧减少，降低了过饱和度，加上霜层热阻的加大，翅片表面传热系数急剧减少，从而降低了霜层形成速度。
环境温度为0 ℃、风速为1.6 m/s时不同环境相对湿度下霜层厚度随时间的变化如图5（b）所示。环境相对湿度越大，霜层厚度增长速率及结霜量越大；结霜50 min时，相对湿度为85%下霜层厚度较相对湿度为75%下提高0.472 mm，较相对湿度为65%下提高0.776 mm，并且在环境相对湿度为85%下的霜层厚度达到最高，为2.344 mm。
环境温度为0 ℃、相对湿度为75%时不同迎面风速下霜层厚度随时间的变化如图5（c）所示。迎面风速越大，霜层厚度增长速率及结霜量越大；结霜50 min时，迎面风速为2.2 m/s下霜层厚度较迎面风速为1.6 m/s下提高0.32 mm，较迎面风速为1 m/s下提高0.539 mm；在相同时间内，湿空气速度越大，流经冷表面的水蒸气越多，水蒸气向霜层质量转移速率越快。
3.4 环境参数对结霜量的影响
不同工况条件下结霜量随时间的变化如图6所示。
空气相对湿度为75%、风速为1.6 m/s时不同环境温度下结霜量随时间的变化如图6（a）所示。环境温度越低，结霜量越大；结霜50 min时，环境温度为-3.8 ℃下结霜量比环境温度为0 ℃、3.8 ℃下分别提高6.71%、21.73%；当温度越低且湿度高于蒸发器表面饱和湿度时，翅片表面形成霜层驱动力变大且形成霜晶密度越大。
环境温度为0 ℃、风速为1.6 m/s时不同环境相对湿度下结霜量随时间的变化如图6（b）所示。由图9可知，空气相对湿度越大，结霜量增长速率越快；相对湿度为85%下蒸发器表面结霜量比相对湿度为75%、65%下分别提高13.78%、20.53%；湿度的增加使湿空气中水分子向霜转化的总量越大，且在湿度为变量下的结霜总量与环境温度及迎面风速为变量下相比较大，反映了湿度是霜层生长的主要影响因素之一。
环境温度为0 ℃、相对湿度为75%时不同迎面风速下结霜量随时间的变化如图6（c）所示。迎面风速越大，结霜量越小；迎面风速为2.2 m/s下结霜量比迎面风速为1.6 m/s、1.0 m/s下分别提高4.36%、11.23%；风速的降低使流经翅片表面的空气流量降低，使水蒸气向霜层转化总量降低。
3.5 环境参数对霜层热阻的影响
霜层的产生增加了蒸发器表面的传热热阻，影响了蒸发器的工作效率。不同环境工况下霜层热阻随时间的变化如图7所示，可知霜层密度在不同参数下随时间的变化趋势基本相似；结霜初期霜层热阻快速增大，随着时间推移，霜层热阻增长速率不断减小，部分环境工况下结霜50 min时霜层热阻速率为0或负增长。
空气相对湿度为75%、迎面风速为1.6 m/s时不同环境温度下霜层热阻随时间的变化如图7（a）所示。在其他参数不变的情况下霜层热阻随着环境温度的升高而减小；环境温度较低导致翅片表面温度较低，进一步导致经过翅片间隙的水蒸气过饱和程度更大，传质速率更大，霜层厚度及热阻更大。
环境温度为0 ℃时，霜层热阻随环境湿度和迎面风速的变化分别如图7（b）和图7（c）所示，可知霜层热阻随着空气相对湿度及迎面风速的增大而增大；较大的湿度使单位控制体积中水蒸气过饱和度和有效密度同时增加，且较大的迎面风速使流过翅片表面水蒸气的质量流量更大，两者均进一步扩大了传质速率并导致形成更厚的霜层，具有更大的热阻。
3.6 各因素对霜层热阻的敏感度分析
为了进一步对比环境参数对霜层热阻的影响，采用Morris敏感度分析法对影响霜层热阻因素进行了敏感度分析[20-21]。
Morris敏感度判别因子S取多个影响值Si的平均值的绝对值，即：
式中：R、Ri分别为参数变化前、变化后的霜层热阻值，℃/W；Δi为变量变化幅度，且Δi=（Xi-X0）/X0，Xi为变量值，X0为原始变量值。
将环境温度、相对湿度及迎面风速作为设计变量，开展敏感度分析，结果如表3所示。
由表3可知，空气相对湿度的敏感度数值最高，且远大于环境温度及迎面风速的敏感度数值，环境温度的敏感度数值最小，迎面风速敏感度数值介于相对湿度及环境温度之间。因此，在分析范围内，空气相对湿度对霜层热阻的影响最大。
使用最小二乘回归方法建立了霜层热阻关于不同环境参数下的经验相关性，通过限制自变量的位次，拟合后的决定系数（R2）分别为0.993 3、0.987 7、0.986 6，方差（SSE）分别为4.741 8×10-6、9.962 9×10-6、1.650 8×10-5，拟合公式如下：
4 结论
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基于VOF多相流模型及相变质量传递自定义函数，对强制对流条件下三维翅片管表面动态结霜过程进行了数值模拟，并通过可视化结霜实验对模拟结果进行了验证，得到如下结论：
1）数值模拟霜层厚度与实验结果最大差异小于15%，霜层密度的估计值在高达90%的置信区间内，表明本文提出的模型基本能够反映翅片管蒸发器表面霜层生长过程。
2）沿着湿空气的流动方向，霜层厚度由最大值缓慢减小。相同环境湿度、迎面风速下，环境温度越低，霜层厚度及结霜量越大。相同环境温度、迎面风速下，环境湿度越高，霜层厚度及结霜量越大。相同环境温度、环境湿度下，迎面风速越大，霜层厚度及结霜量越大。在环境温度为0 ℃、相对湿度为85%及迎面风速为1.6 m/s下的霜层厚度达到最高，为2.344 mm。
3）霜层热阻随环境温度的下降、相对湿度的升高以及迎面风速的升高而越来越大，利用Morris敏感度分析法得到相对湿度对霜层热阻的影响最大，敏感度系数达到了2.41，利用最小二乘回归方法得到了不同环境参数下霜层热阻随时间的相关性。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52175070)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.096
  • 接收时间：2024-05-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2025-10-16
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-30
  • 修回日期：2024-07-04
  • 录用日期：2024-08-26
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175070)
国家自然科学基金(52175070)
作者信息
    1安徽理工大学机电工程学院　淮南　232001
    2安徽理工大学矿山智能装备与技术安徽省重点实验室　淮南　232001
    3安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院（芜湖）　芜湖　241003
    4广东立佳实业有限公司　东莞　523000

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彭白雪，女，硕士研究生，安徽理工大学机电工程学院，17364321929，E-mail：。研究方向：环境试验装备关键技术研发。
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