Article(id=1239217292144333361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719763200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-01, revisedDate=1724428800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-24, acceptedDate=1725206400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-02, onlineDate=1773382025991, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1760544000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773382025991, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773382025991, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382025991, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239217289715839002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773382025412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382179485, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=157, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239217292328882740, articleId=1239217292144333361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Research on the Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of the Copper Foam Condensation Dehumidifier for Space Stations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A high-efficiency condensation dehumidification system utilizing copper foam driven by a Stirling refrigerator was developed to address the demands for high-efficiency heat transfer and a compact lightweight design in space stations. An experimental study was conducted to investigate its heat and mass transfer characteristics under various conditions. The experimental parameters were set as follows: air inlet temperature ranging from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, relative humidity between 50% and 80%, cold plate temperature from 8 ℃ to 13 ℃, and inlet wind speed from 0.4 m/s to 1.4 m/s. The results indicated a positive correlation between the increase in the air inlet temperature and the enhancement of both the heat and mass transfer coefficients. Specifically, when the air inlet temperature increased from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 10.5%, whereas the mass transfer coefficient exhibited a more substantial increase of 57.1%. Furthermore, variations in the relative humidity of the air inlet distinctly affected the heat and mass transfer coefficients: the heat transfer coefficient decreased by 31.6% with an increase in the relative humidity, whereas the mass transfer coefficient increased by 11.4%. Although reducing the temperature of the cold plate can effectively improve heat transfer, it leads to the accumulation of condensate water and reduces the efficiency of heat and mass transfer. Therefore, an appropriate cold plate temperature must be selected. Additionally, the efficiency of heat and mass transfer was markedly enhanced with increasing inlet wind speed. However, a continuous increase in wind speed resulted in higher system energy consumption. Thus, a balance between efficient heat transfer and high system energy consumption was essential. Based on extensive experimental data, the heat transfer model was refined using regression analysis. The standard deviation between the theoretical and experimental values was 8.21%, and the maximum deviation was 19.76%, demonstrating the strong predictive accuracy of the model.

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Zhang Liang, male, associate professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 86-13816670326, E-mail: . Research fields: air conditioning, heat transfer performance of refrigeration system equipment, cryogenic refrigeration, performance testing of refrigeration devices, industrial heat pumps, and waste heat utilization technology.
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为满足空间站高效换热与紧凑轻量化的要求,研发了一种以斯特林制冷机驱动的泡沫铜高效冷凝除湿系统,实验研究了其热质传递特性,实验条件设定为:空气入口温度20~30 ℃、相对湿度50%~80%、冷板温度8~13 ℃,入口风速0.4~1.4 m/s。结果表明:空气入口温度与传热系数、传质系数的增加呈正相关性,当空气入口温度从20 ℃升至30 ℃时,传热系数提高10.5%,传质系数提高57.1%;空气入口相对湿度的变化对传热与传质系数产生了差异化影响,即传热系数随相对湿度的增加而下降,降低了31.6%,反之,传质系数则呈上升趋势,增加了11.4%。值得注意的是,虽然降低冷板温度能够有效提升换热量,但这同时也会导致冷凝水积累从而降低传热传质的效率,因此选取适宜的冷板温度至关重要。换热量与热质传递效率随着入口风速的提升而显著增强,但不断提高风速会导致系统能耗增加,在追求高效换热的同时,也需要权衡系统能耗。基于丰富实验数据,借助回归分析优化了传热模型,理论值与实验值的标准偏差为8.21%,最大偏差为19.76%,表明模型具有较好的预测精度。

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张良,男,副教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816670326,E-mail:。研究方向:空气调节,制冷系统设备换热性能,低温制冷,制冷装置性能测试,工业热泵及余热利用技术。
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设备名称品牌传感器精度/设备参数
压缩机比泽尔2FES-2Y-40S
风机博乐电机GL-B250D-EC F05
采集仪安捷伦34970A
温湿度传感器维萨拉±0.3 ℃/±3%RH
压差传感器横河±0.1%
热电偶T型热电偶±1 ℃
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设备名称品牌传感器精度/设备参数
压缩机比泽尔2FES-2Y-40S
风机博乐电机GL-B250D-EC F05
采集仪安捷伦34970A
温湿度传感器维萨拉±0.3 ℃/±3%RH
压差传感器横河±0.1%
热电偶T型热电偶±1 ℃
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实验参数范围
空气入口温度/℃20~30
空气入口湿度/%50~80
冷板温度/℃8~13
风速/(m/s)0.4~1.4
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实验参数范围
空气入口温度/℃20~30
空气入口湿度/%50~80
冷板温度/℃8~13
风速/(m/s)0.4~1.4
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冷板
长×宽×高
铜翅片
长×厚×高
泡沫铜翅片
长×厚×高
300×200×5200×1×60200×10×60
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冷板
长×宽×高
铜翅片
长×厚×高
泡沫铜翅片
长×厚×高
300×200×5200×1×60200×10×60
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实验参数测量方式不确定度
温度温湿度传感器±0.3 ℃
温度热电偶±0.2 ℃
湿度温湿度传感器±3%
风量二次计算±4.8%
传热系数二次计算±7.7%
传质系数二次计算±10.2%
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实验参数测量方式不确定度
温度温湿度传感器±0.3 ℃
温度热电偶±0.2 ℃
湿度温湿度传感器±3%
风量二次计算±4.8%
传热系数二次计算±7.7%
传质系数二次计算±10.2%
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自变量因变量tinφintsv
Qz50.7%23.1%10.4%15.8%
M41.5%26.4%21.5%10.6%
h42.7%8.3%23.5%25.5%
ha45.3%24.6%22.6%7.5%
LF5.5%85.6%4.9%4.0%
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自变量因变量tinφintsv
Qz50.7%23.1%10.4%15.8%
M41.5%26.4%21.5%10.6%
h42.7%8.3%23.5%25.5%
ha45.3%24.6%22.6%7.5%
LF5.5%85.6%4.9%4.0%
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空间站用泡沫铜冷凝除湿芯体热质传递性能研究
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周汉涛 , 张良 , 李昊玥 , 方启
制冷学报 | 2025,46(5): 157-165
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(5): 157-165
空间站用泡沫铜冷凝除湿芯体热质传递性能研究
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周汉涛, 张良 , 李昊玥, 方启
作者信息
  • 上海理工大学制冷技术研究所 上海 200093

通讯作者:

张良,男,副教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816670326,E-mail:。研究方向:空气调节,制冷系统设备换热性能,低温制冷,制冷装置性能测试,工业热泵及余热利用技术。
Research on the Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of the Copper Foam Condensation Dehumidifier for Space Stations
Hantao Zhou, Liang Zhang , Haoyue Li, Qi Fang
Affiliations
  • Institute of Refrigeration Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
出版时间: 2025-10-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.157
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为满足空间站高效换热与紧凑轻量化的要求,研发了一种以斯特林制冷机驱动的泡沫铜高效冷凝除湿系统,实验研究了其热质传递特性,实验条件设定为:空气入口温度20~30 ℃、相对湿度50%~80%、冷板温度8~13 ℃,入口风速0.4~1.4 m/s。结果表明:空气入口温度与传热系数、传质系数的增加呈正相关性,当空气入口温度从20 ℃升至30 ℃时,传热系数提高10.5%,传质系数提高57.1%;空气入口相对湿度的变化对传热与传质系数产生了差异化影响,即传热系数随相对湿度的增加而下降,降低了31.6%,反之,传质系数则呈上升趋势,增加了11.4%。值得注意的是,虽然降低冷板温度能够有效提升换热量,但这同时也会导致冷凝水积累从而降低传热传质的效率,因此选取适宜的冷板温度至关重要。换热量与热质传递效率随着入口风速的提升而显著增强,但不断提高风速会导致系统能耗增加,在追求高效换热的同时,也需要权衡系统能耗。基于丰富实验数据,借助回归分析优化了传热模型,理论值与实验值的标准偏差为8.21%,最大偏差为19.76%,表明模型具有较好的预测精度。

泡沫金属  /  冷凝除湿  /  传热传质  /  强制对流  /  空间站

A high-efficiency condensation dehumidification system utilizing copper foam driven by a Stirling refrigerator was developed to address the demands for high-efficiency heat transfer and a compact lightweight design in space stations. An experimental study was conducted to investigate its heat and mass transfer characteristics under various conditions. The experimental parameters were set as follows: air inlet temperature ranging from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, relative humidity between 50% and 80%, cold plate temperature from 8 ℃ to 13 ℃, and inlet wind speed from 0.4 m/s to 1.4 m/s. The results indicated a positive correlation between the increase in the air inlet temperature and the enhancement of both the heat and mass transfer coefficients. Specifically, when the air inlet temperature increased from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 10.5%, whereas the mass transfer coefficient exhibited a more substantial increase of 57.1%. Furthermore, variations in the relative humidity of the air inlet distinctly affected the heat and mass transfer coefficients: the heat transfer coefficient decreased by 31.6% with an increase in the relative humidity, whereas the mass transfer coefficient increased by 11.4%. Although reducing the temperature of the cold plate can effectively improve heat transfer, it leads to the accumulation of condensate water and reduces the efficiency of heat and mass transfer. Therefore, an appropriate cold plate temperature must be selected. Additionally, the efficiency of heat and mass transfer was markedly enhanced with increasing inlet wind speed. However, a continuous increase in wind speed resulted in higher system energy consumption. Thus, a balance between efficient heat transfer and high system energy consumption was essential. Based on extensive experimental data, the heat transfer model was refined using regression analysis. The standard deviation between the theoretical and experimental values was 8.21%, and the maximum deviation was 19.76%, demonstrating the strong predictive accuracy of the model.

metal foam  /  condensation dehumidification  /  heat and mass transfer  /  forced convection  /  space station
周汉涛, 张良, 李昊玥, 方启. 空间站用泡沫铜冷凝除湿芯体热质传递性能研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 157 -165 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.157
Hantao Zhou, Liang Zhang, Haoyue Li, Qi Fang. Research on the Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of the Copper Foam Condensation Dehumidifier for Space Stations[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (5) : 157 -165 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.157
温湿度控制技术是航天环境控制与生命保障系统(environmental control and life support system of spacecraft,ECLSS)的关键组成部分,空间站内空气温湿度的高低对仪器设备正常工作和航天员身体健康具有重要影响[1]。目前,世界各国空间站温湿度控制技术主要采用以冷凝除湿换热器为核心的主动温湿度控制技术[2-3]。空间站的特殊环境对除湿换热器的传热效率、紧凑轻量化设计与冷凝水的有效排出提出了挑战。多孔介质凭借其独特优势在航天换热领域脱颖而出。该类材料具有高度开放的孔隙结构,拓展了传热面积同时有利于冷凝水的排出,其复杂的多孔结构能有效增强流体扰动,进一步提高传热效率。泡沫金属作为一种特殊的多孔介质,结合了金属高导热性及多孔介质的独特优势,成为一种优异的除湿换热介质。
泡沫金属换热器的研究始于20世纪60年代,为了提高模拟的准确性,学者根据泡沫金属实际结构提出了各种简化模型。包括L. Gibson等[4]提出的Gibson-Ashby模型、W. Lu等[5]提出的立方体细丝模型、K. Boomsma等[6]提出的十四面体模型、S. Krishnan等[7]建立的球缺模型以及刘晓丹等[8]建立的中空正六面体模型等。李婧等[9]对这5种简化模型进行了模拟分析,并与传统平直翅片进行对比,结果表明,Gibson-Ashby模型最为准确,且泡沫金属翅片换热效果是平直翅片的2倍以上。热传导领域,A. Bhattacharya等[10]用空气和水作为流体介质对泡沫铝的有效导热系数进行了实验研究,并提出了泡沫金属有效导热系数的关联式。热对流领域,众多学者对泡沫金属换热器在干空气中的强制对流进行了实验研究,并给出了不同工况、不同雷诺数下传热与压降关联式。G. B. Ribeiro等[11-15]的研究结果表明,传热系数和压降随着孔密度的增大和孔隙率的减小而增大,与传统翅片换热器相比,泡沫金属换热器可减少高达28%的热阻。然而,在湿工况下[16-18],冷凝水对换热性能产生影响,与干工况存在较大差异,且湿工况传热性能优于干工况。现有研究表明[18-22],在低湿度条件下传热系数随孔密度的增大而增大,在高湿度条件下传热系数随孔密度的增大先增大后减小。表面湿润性会影响泡沫金属的传热和压降特性[23],疏水与亲水改性泡沫金属传热系数比未改性泡沫金属传热系数大,但疏水改性泡沫金属压降最大、亲水改性泡沫金属压降最小[24-26]。但目前关于湿工况下的传热传质系数变化及其传热关联式的研究尚浅。
本文研究了将泡沫金属作为空间站冷凝除湿介质的可能性,并在湿工况下对冷凝除湿换热器内部热质传递特性进行了研究分析。
实验系统由空气循环系统、斯特林制冷机、制冷系统和数据采集系统组成,实验系统原理如图1所示。
测试对象为泡沫铜冷凝除湿换热器(简称:冷凝除湿换热器),置于实验段内。空气经由蒸发器降温除湿、电加热升温和加湿器加湿后进入稳压储气罐,以确保换热器入口空气的温度和湿度达到实验要求。空气流量通过风机控制并由标准喷嘴测量。空气流经冷凝除湿换热器,与泡沫铜进行热量交换,被冷却至露点温度以下,冷凝除湿换热器所需冷量由斯特林制冷机提供,斯特林制冷机因高效、可靠、无氟和适合微重力环境等特点,被广泛应用于空间站的温控系统。通过温湿度传感器、热电偶、压差传感器对空气进出口温湿度、冷板温度、喷嘴前后压差及换热器进出口压差进行测量。数据采集系统由安捷伦采集仪和计算机组成,采集仪负责实时数据的采集,由计算机记录并保存。
为实现微重力下冷凝水的转移与储存,在冷凝除湿换热器内部安装虹吸导湿系统,采用导水纸[27]作为虹吸通道,通道末端为储水罐,储水罐配备了精确的温度和压力控制系统,使储水罐内形成负压,促进冷凝水的吸收和存储。由于地面难以模拟微重力环境,本文将冷凝除湿换热器逆向放置,以实现逆重力下冷凝水的转移与储存。
实验系统设备参数如表1所示。
选择空间站典型除湿工况:空气干球温度为26 ℃、相对湿度为60%,冷板温度与空气露点温度保持约5 ℃温差,实验工况如表2所示。
由于斯特林制冷机冷端较小,为了更均匀、高效地传导其产生的冷量,在斯特林制冷机的冷端和冷凝除湿换热器之间放置了一块由平板热管组成的冷板。冷凝除湿换热器结构如图2所示,具体参数如表3所示。
泡沫铜结构参数如下:
1)孔密度ω:20 PPI;
2)孔隙率ε:95%;
3)平均孔径dp:1.27 mm;
4)比表面积asf:1 832 m2/m3
5)纤维厚度df:0.153 mm。
泡沫铜孔密度与孔隙率通过测量得到,平均孔径、比表面积及纤维厚度计算如下:
冷凝除湿换热器内空气侧的传热分为显热和潜热,需通过空气进出口温度、湿度和风量等参数计算。
空气侧总换热量Qz
显热换热量Qx
除湿量M
空气进出口含湿量d
空气进出口焓值i
由式(10)可求得空气侧显热传热系数h
由式(11)计算泡沫铜等效温度tc
然后计算泡沫铜等效温度tc对应的饱和含湿量dc,由式(12)得到传质系数ha
刘易斯因子LF是反映热质传递特性的参数,表征传热传质的相对强弱。LF计算式如下:
为了确保实验结果的可信度,对实验测量参数进行误差分析,采用Moffat[28]方法计算实验测量参数的不确定度,其计算式如式(14)~式(15)所示,计算结果如表4所示。
式中:R为间接计算参数;δR为间接计算参数的误差;X1X2R的相互独立的主要误差来源参数;δXi为参数Xi的误差;指数n为其灵敏系数,即R对参数Xi变化的敏感程度。
空气入口温度对冷凝除湿换热器换热量及传热传质系数的影响如图3所示。由图3可知,随着空气入口温度的增大,显热换热量、潜热换热量与总换热量均逐渐增加,传热系数与传质系数也随之增大。这是由于传热的温度场与传质的浓度场具有相似的特性,随着空气入口温度上升,入口空气温度与含湿量增加,温度差与浓度差均增大,传热传质驱动力增大,传热系数与传质系数也随之增大。但浓度差增幅较大,导致传质系数增幅高于传热系数。当空气入口温度从20 ℃增至30 ℃时,传热系数增加了10.5%,而传质系数则增加了57.1%。
空气入口湿度对冷凝除湿换热器换热量及传热传质系数的影响图4所示。由图4可知,随着空气入口相对湿度的增加,显热换热量与传热系数逐渐减小,而潜热换热量与传质系数逐渐增加,但总传热量还是相对增长的。这是因为空气入口温度不变,温度差保持不变,随着空气入口相对湿度的增加,浓度差增大,温度场和浓度场产生差异性变化,传质系数不断增大,潜热换热量增大。而潜热增加导致冷凝水逐渐增多,增大换热器的热阻,进而影响传热效率,使传热系数逐渐减小,显热换热量逐渐减小。空气入口相对湿度从50%增至80%,传热系数降低了31.6%,传质系数增加了11.4%。
刘易斯因子随空气入口温度和相对湿度的变化如图5所示。由图5可知,随着温度和湿度的增加,刘易斯因子逐渐减小。其中,随着温度变化,LF下降29.6%,尤其从20 ℃至22 ℃,刘易斯因子减小了18.6%;随着湿度变化,LF下降38.6%。LF表征对流过程中传热传质的相对大小,LF逐渐减小,说明传质所占比例在逐渐增大,冷凝除湿换热器除湿能力在逐渐增强。当空气入口温度为26 ℃、空气入口相对湿度为80%时,LF为0.97,表明此时传质已强于传热。当空气入口温度与相对湿度较小时,露点温度过低,LF超过1.5,此时传质能力较弱,需降低冷板温度以增强冷凝除湿换热器的传质能力。
冷板温度对冷凝除湿换热器换热量及传热传质系数的影响如图6所示。由图6可知,随着冷板温度增加,传热温差逐渐减小,导致潜热与显热换热量逐渐降低。然而,当冷板温度降低时,泡沫铜整体温度也随之降低,冷凝水量增多,超过导水纸导水速率,并附着在泡沫铜内部纤维上,影响空气与其之间的传热传质。因此,如图6(b)所示,传热系数与传质系数随着冷凝温度的降低而降低,冷板温度从13 ℃降至8 ℃,传热系数减小了9.7%,传质系数减小了4.4%。冷板温度越低,斯特林制冷机所需能耗越多,因此,冷板温度并非越低越好,而是需要综合考虑空气入口温度和相对湿度、所需除湿量与传热传质效率等因素选择合适的冷板温度。
LF随冷板温度的变化如图7所示。由图7可知,LF随冷板温度是减小而减小,传质所占比例逐渐增加,冷板温度从13 ℃降至8 ℃,LF减小5.5%。但总体而言,冷板温度对LF影响较小,在高温高湿的入口空气状态下,单纯依赖降低冷板温度以增强除湿效果的方法可能收效有限。相反,在进气温度和相对湿度较低的情况下,需降低冷板温度使其与进气露点温度保持至少3~5 ℃温差,这是为了确保经冷凝除湿换热器处理后的空气能够实现预期的低含湿量,从而提升整个系统的除湿效率与性能。
风速对冷凝除湿换热器换热量及传热传质系数的影响如图8所示。由图8可知,风速对热质传递影响显著,在控制空气入口温度与相对湿度及冷板温度不变的情况下,随着风速的增加,换热量逐渐增大,传热系数与传质系数显著增大。风速从0.4 m/s增至1.4 m/s,传热系数增大了1.7倍,传质系数增加了1.1倍。风速的提升会加剧冷凝除湿换热器内部的流体扰动,更强的流体扰动促进了能量和质量的传递,进而显著增强空气与泡沫铜表面之间的热质传递效率。尤其值得注意的是,较高的风速有助于及时吹出冷凝形成的液滴,进一步优化传热传质过程,提升了系统性能。但风速增大同样意味着能耗上升及流动阻力的增加,因此,在实际应用中,选择适宜的空气入口风速至关重要,需综合考虑设备效率、能耗成本及操作稳定性等多方面因素。
风速对刘易斯因子的影响如图9所示。由图9可知,随着风速增大,LF逐渐增加,风速从0.4 m/s增至1.4 m/s,LF增加了27.9%。LF的增加表明随着风速增大,传热系数与传质系数均增大,但传热系数增幅大于传质系数增幅。结合图8(a)中换热量的增加趋势,总换热量与显热换热量的增长速率大于潜热换热量的增长速率,导致潜热换热量占总换热量的比例逐渐降低,风速从0.4 m/s增至1.4 m/s,潜热换热量所占比例减小了10.4%。风速的提高加速了冷凝表面附近空气的混合,导致湿球温度更接近冷凝表面,减少了空气与冷凝表面之间的温差和湿度差,影响水蒸气的冷凝速率和潜热释放的效率,同时,在较高的风速下,空气与冷凝表面的接触时间缩短,使部分水蒸气未能充分冷凝就已通过冷凝器,减少了冷凝量。
选择典型除湿工况(空气入口温度26 ℃、相对湿度60%、冷板温度10 ℃、风速1 m/s)为参考工况,通过文献[29]中的公式计算各自变量对因变量影响所占权重,结果如表5所示。
空气强制对流传热模型如下:
与传统翅片式换热器不同,泡沫金属换热器努塞尔数与雷诺数计算式如下:
考虑到在本文实验工况范围内空气普朗特数约为0.71,因此式(16)可简化为式(19):
同时,为反映空气相对湿度对传热系数的影响,引入含湿量修正系数对式(19)进行修正:
式(20)取泡沫铜进出口空气的平均温度和平均含湿量作为湿空气的定性参数,其中dc为前文典型工况下的湿空气定性含湿量(10.8 g/kg(干空气))。将式(20)转化为对数形式,可简化拟合过程:
式中:a为对流传热模型系数;m1m2为湿空气中含湿量修正系数。将实验数据代入式(21),基于最小二乘法进行多元非线性拟合,最终可得到am1m2的值分别为0.418 4、-0.127和0.908,则传热模型如下:
拟合后的传热模型计算值与实验值的偏差如图10,经计算平均绝对偏差为9.3%,最大偏差为19.8%。
本文将泡沫金属应用于空间站冷凝除湿换热器中,在换热器中安装导水纸,利用虹吸作用进行冷凝水转移和储存,实现微重力环境下的气液分离。以空气入口温湿度、冷板温度、空气流速作为变量,对该冷凝除湿换热器内部热质传递性能进行研究分析,得到如下结论:
1)随着空气入口温度的增加,传热温差逐渐增大,换热量逐渐增大,传热系数与传质系数也随之增加,空气入口温度从20 ℃增至30 ℃,传热系数增加了10.5%,传质系数增加了57.1%。由于传质系数增幅大于传热系数增幅,LF随着空气入口温度的增加而逐渐减小。
2)随着空气入口相对湿度增大,空气含湿量增加,导致潜热换热量增加,传质系数增大。但冷凝水的累积增加了热阻,导致传热系数减小,显热换热量逐渐减小。因此,LF随着空气入口相对湿度的增大而减小。
3)冷板温度越低,传热温差越大,换热量随之增大,但冷凝温度降低会导致冷凝水逐渐增多,附着在泡沫铜内部纤维上,增加热质传递的阻力,导致传热传质效率逐渐减小。冷板温度对LF影响较小,因此仅依靠降低冷板温度来提升除湿效率,可能效果并不显著。
4)入口风速增加,换热量与传热传质效率显著增大,这是由于风速增大,冷凝除湿换热器内部流体扰动增强,传热传质效率显著增强,且较高的风速更有利于吹出冷凝液滴,减小热质传递的阻力,进一步强化传热传质。LF随着入口风速增大有小幅增加。
5)基于丰富的实验数据,借助回归分析优化了传热模型,模型计算值与实验值的标准偏差为8.21%,最大偏差为19.76%,表明模型具有较好的预测精度。
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.157
  • 接收时间:2024-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-10-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01
  • 修回日期:2024-08-24
  • 录用日期:2024-09-02
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    上海理工大学制冷技术研究所 上海 200093

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张良,男,副教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816670326,E-mail:。研究方向:空气调节,制冷系统设备换热性能,低温制冷,制冷装置性能测试,工业热泵及余热利用技术。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

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Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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