Article(id=1239217290265292826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=1720886400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-14, acceptedDate=1724169600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-21, onlineDate=1773382025543, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1760544000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773382025543, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773382025543, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382025543, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239217289715839002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773382025412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773382179485, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239217936007753992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239217289715839002, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239217290500173853, articleId=1239217290265292826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Water Vapor Compressors Applied to MVC Systems, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Mechanical vapor compression (MVC) systems are energy-saving technologies that recover and reuse low-temperature waste heat resources, achieving energy conservation and carbon reduction. As the core equipment in MVC systems, the compressor directly affects the overall performance of the system. This article primarily reviews the thermodynamic and structural performance of vapor compressors, proposes relevant enhancement suggestions and improvement ideas, and provides a reference and assistance for the subsequent optimization of vapor compressor performance.

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Meng Xiangwen, male, lecturer, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 86-13370888656, E-mail: . Research fields: mechanical steam compression technology.
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机械蒸汽压缩(MVC)系统是一种将低温余热资源进行回收再利用,可达到节能、减碳目的的一种节能技术。压缩机作为MVC系统中的核心设备,其性能的优劣直接影响系统的整体性能。主要对水蒸气压缩机的热力学性能及结构性能进行综述,提出相关优化建议及改进思路,为后续对水蒸气压缩机性能的优化提供一定的参考与帮助。

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孟祥文,男,讲师,青岛科技大学大学机电工程学院,13370888656,E-mail:。研究方向:机械蒸汽压缩技术。
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Research on the fault mechanism and diagnosis and treatment methods of complex systems in integral gear centrifugal compressors[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2017.), articleTitle=Research on the fault mechanism and diagnosis and treatment methods of complex systems in integral gear centrifugal compressors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217302974034392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=190, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=汪超勤, journalName=世界有色金属, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪超勤. 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Application of MVR technology in treatment of chlorinated wastewater[J]. Chlor-Alkali Industry, 2019, 55(3): 26-28.), articleTitle=Application of MVR technology in treatment of chlorinated wastewater, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217303406047734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=董守亮, 李庆生, journalName=轻工机械, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董守亮, 李庆生. 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China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(12): 163-165.), articleTitle=MVR technology in the application of nickel sulfate evaporation crystallization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217315917657076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=19, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=125, authorNames=张勤灵, 刘晓华, 张涛, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张勤灵, 刘晓华, 张涛. 机械蒸气再压缩系统再生高浓度溶液的性能研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2021, 42(3): 19-27., articleTitle=机械蒸气再压缩系统再生高浓度溶液的性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217316018320378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=19, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=126, authorNames=ZHANG Qinling, LIU Xiaohua, ZHANG Tao, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Qinling, LIU Xiaohua, ZHANG Tao. Regeneration performance of high concentration solution by mechanical vapor recompression system[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 42(3): 19-27.), articleTitle=Regeneration performance of high concentration solution by mechanical vapor recompression system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217316110595071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=174, pageEnd=177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=127, authorNames=陈海, 程榕, 郑燕萍, journalName=现代化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈海, 程榕, 郑燕萍, 等. MVR耙式干燥系统设计及蒸发性能研究[J]. 现代化工, 2017, 37(8): 174-177., articleTitle=MVR耙式干燥系统设计及蒸发性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217316190285828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=174, pageEnd=177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=128, authorNames=CHEN Hai, CHENG Rong, ZHENG Yanping, journalName=Modern Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Hai, CHENG Rong, ZHENG Yanping, et al. Design and evaporation performance of rake dryer based on mechanical vapor recompression[J]. 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Desalination, 2004, 166: 123-127., articleTitle=Performance evaluation of a mechanical vapor compression desalination system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217316366446604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=12, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=130, authorNames=朱天松, 樊春升, journalName=苏盐科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱天松, 樊春升. 机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)技术在淡盐水浓缩中的应用[J]. 苏盐科技, 2013, 40(4): 12-14., articleTitle=机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)技术在淡盐水浓缩中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239217316450332686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=12, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=131, authorNames=ZHU Tiansong, FAN Chunsheng, journalName=Jiangsu Salt Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHU Tiansong, FAN Chunsheng. Application of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) technology in diluted salt water concentration[J]. Jiangsu Salt Science & Technology, 2013, 40(4): 12-14.), articleTitle=Application of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) technology in diluted salt water concentration, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239217298083475728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, awardId=21978308, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239217298167361811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, awardId=21978308, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(21978308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239217298234470677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, awardId=52206032, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52206032), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239217298305773848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Comparison of technical characteristics of three different water vapor compressors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号名称技术特点
1离心式蒸汽压缩机大流量(100~2 000 m3/min);低压比(1.2~2.2);排气温度高;效率高;对液滴比较敏感;叶轮材料昂贵;存在喘振风险
2螺杆式蒸汽压缩机中小流量(5~300 m3/min);高压比(≤10);效率高;结构简单;稳定性高;可湿压缩;可变频灵活调节;适应高压场所;造价较高
3罗茨式蒸汽压缩机中小流量(5~500 m3/min);中低压比(1.5~3.5);稳定性好;振动较小;噪声较高;效率较低;不适用高压场所;造价低廉
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297273975017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=CN, label=表1, caption=3种不同水蒸气压缩机技术特点对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号名称技术特点
1离心式蒸汽压缩机大流量(100~2 000 m3/min);低压比(1.2~2.2);排气温度高;效率高;对液滴比较敏感;叶轮材料昂贵;存在喘振风险
2螺杆式蒸汽压缩机中小流量(5~300 m3/min);高压比(≤10);效率高;结构简单;稳定性高;可湿压缩;可变频灵活调节;适应高压场所;造价较高
3罗茨式蒸汽压缩机中小流量(5~500 m3/min);中低压比(1.5~3.5);稳定性好;振动较小;噪声较高;效率较低;不适用高压场所;造价低廉
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297362055404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=The application scope of centrifugal steam compressors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
贵溪冶炼厂[21]离心蒸汽压缩机利用离心压缩机的MVC系统150 d处理30 366 m3硫酸铜溶液共节约123.430 3万元
浙江巨化股份有限公司电化厂[22]高速离心蒸汽压缩机在处理过程离心压缩机温升为20 ℃以上,为MVC蒸发10万t/a节约费用约806.9万元
南京工业大学[23]单级离心蒸汽压缩机MVC系统的性能系数达到17.2,离心压缩机的低压比效率达62%
南方电网电力科技股份有限公司[24]离心压缩机入口流量为0.5 t/h,温升为10 ℃,在MVC系统运行168 h,钙镁离子质量浓度从1 229mg/L降至1 033mg/L,相比于普通蒸发系统,平均电耗节约37.5 kW·h/m3
中蓝连海设计研究院有限公司[25]单级离心式压缩机入口流量为11 t/h,压缩机实际功率为1 415 kW,运行8 000 h可节约效益至572.52万元
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297433358576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=CN, label=表2, caption=离心式水蒸气压缩机的应用范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
贵溪冶炼厂[21]离心蒸汽压缩机利用离心压缩机的MVC系统150 d处理30 366 m3硫酸铜溶液共节约123.430 3万元
浙江巨化股份有限公司电化厂[22]高速离心蒸汽压缩机在处理过程离心压缩机温升为20 ℃以上,为MVC蒸发10万t/a节约费用约806.9万元
南京工业大学[23]单级离心蒸汽压缩机MVC系统的性能系数达到17.2,离心压缩机的低压比效率达62%
南方电网电力科技股份有限公司[24]离心压缩机入口流量为0.5 t/h,温升为10 ℃,在MVC系统运行168 h,钙镁离子质量浓度从1 229mg/L降至1 033mg/L,相比于普通蒸发系统,平均电耗节约37.5 kW·h/m3
中蓝连海设计研究院有限公司[25]单级离心式压缩机入口流量为11 t/h,压缩机实际功率为1 415 kW,运行8 000 h可节约效益至572.52万元
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297521438965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Application scope of single screw steam compressor, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
西安交通大学[38]单螺杆压缩机在蒸发工艺中,螺杆压缩吸气量为17 m3/min时,工作1年,相较于罗茨与离心可节约运行成本达21 612~59 329元
Ochsner[39]单螺杆压缩机的高温热泵机组供热温度为95~130 ℃,余热温度为35~55 ℃时采用单机压缩结合经济器循环,余热温度为8~25 ℃时采用复叠循环,系统制热量为170~750 kW
Star Refrigeration[40]Neatpump热泵采用特殊的铸钢设计单螺杆压缩机可承受高达7 600 kPa的压力,热源温度为50 ℃,输出温度为90 ℃,可实现COP为4
北京华源泰盟节能设备有限公司[41]单螺杆蒸汽压缩机蒸发浓缩排气温度从113 ℃升至126 ℃,相较于传统双效或三效蒸发可节约费用69%和42%
新疆大学[42]单螺杆水蒸气压缩机采用气相温度为100 ℃,对2 000 kg质量分数为15%磷酸氢二钠溶液蒸发浓缩至40%,蒸发水量约为1 250 kg,节约费用72.714%(180.51元)
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297622102265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=CN, label=表3, caption=单螺杆水蒸气压缩机的应用范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
西安交通大学[38]单螺杆压缩机在蒸发工艺中,螺杆压缩吸气量为17 m3/min时,工作1年,相较于罗茨与离心可节约运行成本达21 612~59 329元
Ochsner[39]单螺杆压缩机的高温热泵机组供热温度为95~130 ℃,余热温度为35~55 ℃时采用单机压缩结合经济器循环,余热温度为8~25 ℃时采用复叠循环,系统制热量为170~750 kW
Star Refrigeration[40]Neatpump热泵采用特殊的铸钢设计单螺杆压缩机可承受高达7 600 kPa的压力,热源温度为50 ℃,输出温度为90 ℃,可实现COP为4
北京华源泰盟节能设备有限公司[41]单螺杆蒸汽压缩机蒸发浓缩排气温度从113 ℃升至126 ℃,相较于传统双效或三效蒸发可节约费用69%和42%
新疆大学[42]单螺杆水蒸气压缩机采用气相温度为100 ℃,对2 000 kg质量分数为15%磷酸氢二钠溶液蒸发浓缩至40%,蒸发水量约为1 250 kg,节约费用72.714%(180.51元)
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297718571262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Application scope of twin-screw steam compressor, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
神户制钢[39]半密封双螺杆压缩机工艺过程中余热温度为70 ℃,输出165 ℃蒸汽,流量为890 kg/h,COP为2.5
里昂大学[55]水蒸气喷射双螺杆压缩机以85~95 ℃的余热为热源,冷凝温度为145 ℃时,可提供超过300 kW的热量输出
江苏通润驱动设备股份有限公司[56]喷水双螺杆蒸汽压缩机以压比为3.4,设计流量为83 m3/min,处理60 t/d污水,能耗约为35 kW·h/t,产水量为1.03 t/h
Kobelco[57]半封闭双频双螺杆压缩机双螺杆压力可达6 300 kPa,可将温度降至90 ℃,当热源温度为35 ℃,供热温度为80 ℃,COP为5.0,制热量为14 MW
天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所[58]双螺杆蒸汽压缩机双螺杆压缩机蒸汽温升为22.3 ℃,压比为2.26,处理负荷为24 m3/d,进水溶解性固体TDS≤200 000 mg/L,COD≤50 000 mg/L效率为71.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297794068738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=CN, label=表4, caption=双螺杆水蒸气压缩机的应用范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
神户制钢[39]半密封双螺杆压缩机工艺过程中余热温度为70 ℃,输出165 ℃蒸汽,流量为890 kg/h,COP为2.5
里昂大学[55]水蒸气喷射双螺杆压缩机以85~95 ℃的余热为热源,冷凝温度为145 ℃时,可提供超过300 kW的热量输出
江苏通润驱动设备股份有限公司[56]喷水双螺杆蒸汽压缩机以压比为3.4,设计流量为83 m3/min,处理60 t/d污水,能耗约为35 kW·h/t,产水量为1.03 t/h
Kobelco[57]半封闭双频双螺杆压缩机双螺杆压力可达6 300 kPa,可将温度降至90 ℃,当热源温度为35 ℃,供热温度为80 ℃,COP为5.0,制热量为14 MW
天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所[58]双螺杆蒸汽压缩机双螺杆压缩机蒸汽温升为22.3 ℃,压比为2.26,处理负荷为24 m3/d,进水溶解性固体TDS≤200 000 mg/L,COD≤50 000 mg/L效率为71.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297865371910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Application scope of Roots steam compressor, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
江苏北矿金属循环利用科技有限公司[68]罗茨蒸汽压缩机1 kg蒸汽由状态1(压力0.1 MPa,温度100 ℃,蒸汽焓2 675.1 kJ,相变潜热2 257.6 kJ)经过罗茨压缩机做功90.5 kJ到达状态2(压力0.16 MPa,温度113 ℃,蒸汽焓2 696.3 kJ)
胜利油田勘察设计研究院公司[69]罗茨压缩机罗茨压缩机在蒸发工艺过程中,在进料温度为98 ℃,压缩前后压力升为20 kPa,随着压缩机频率的增大总蒸发量与净蒸发量同步增加
浙江省生物燃料利用技术重点实验室[70]罗茨蒸汽压缩机在MVC干燥系统运行过程中,罗茨压缩机的压缩比从1.3升至2.1,系统能效比从8.8降至5.1,单位耗能从3.4 kg/(kW·h)降至2.2 kg/(kW·h)
National University of Singapore[71]罗茨蒸汽压缩机输入流量达到9.5 m3/min,压缩机的转速为2 400 r/min时其功率为22.5 kW,压缩比为1.55,系统效率可达67%
金桥益海(连云港)氯碱有限公司[72]罗茨蒸汽压缩机MVR蒸发工艺1 t水能耗成本为23.4元,五效蒸发工艺1 t水能耗成本为65.7元,15万t/a烧碱规模可节约成本2 200万元
), ArticleFig(id=1239217297945063690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239217290265292826, language=CN, label=表5, caption=罗茨式水蒸气压缩机的应用范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用单位压缩机类型应用效果
江苏北矿金属循环利用科技有限公司[68]罗茨蒸汽压缩机1 kg蒸汽由状态1(压力0.1 MPa,温度100 ℃,蒸汽焓2 675.1 kJ,相变潜热2 257.6 kJ)经过罗茨压缩机做功90.5 kJ到达状态2(压力0.16 MPa,温度113 ℃,蒸汽焓2 696.3 kJ)
胜利油田勘察设计研究院公司[69]罗茨压缩机罗茨压缩机在蒸发工艺过程中,在进料温度为98 ℃,压缩前后压力升为20 kPa,随着压缩机频率的增大总蒸发量与净蒸发量同步增加
浙江省生物燃料利用技术重点实验室[70]罗茨蒸汽压缩机在MVC干燥系统运行过程中,罗茨压缩机的压缩比从1.3升至2.1,系统能效比从8.8降至5.1,单位耗能从3.4 kg/(kW·h)降至2.2 kg/(kW·h)
National University of Singapore[71]罗茨蒸汽压缩机输入流量达到9.5 m3/min,压缩机的转速为2 400 r/min时其功率为22.5 kW,压缩比为1.55,系统效率可达67%
金桥益海(连云港)氯碱有限公司[72]罗茨蒸汽压缩机MVR蒸发工艺1 t水能耗成本为23.4元,五效蒸发工艺1 t水能耗成本为65.7元,15万t/a烧碱规模可节约成本2 200万元
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应用于MVC系统的水蒸气压缩机研究进展
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潘家军 1, 2, 3 , 张化福 2, 3 , 张振涛 2, 3 , 杨俊玲 2, 3 , 孟祥文 1 , 吴宏伟 4
制冷学报 | 2025,46(5): 58-68
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(5): 58-68
应用于MVC系统的水蒸气压缩机研究进展
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潘家军1, 2, 3, 张化福2, 3, 张振涛2, 3, 杨俊玲2, 3, 孟祥文1 , 吴宏伟4
作者信息
  • 1青岛科技大学机电工程学院 青岛 266000
  • 2中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100190
  • 3中国轻工业食品药品保质加工储运装备与节能技术重点实验室 北京 100190
  • 4赫特福德大学工程与计算机科学学院 哈特菲尔德 AL10 9AB

通讯作者:

孟祥文,男,讲师,青岛科技大学大学机电工程学院,13370888656,E-mail:。研究方向:机械蒸汽压缩技术。
Research Progress on Water Vapor Compressors Applied to MVC Systems
Jiajun Pan1, 2, 3, Huafu Zhang2, 3, Zhentao Zhang2, 3, Junling Yang2, 3, Xiangwen Meng1 , Hongwei Wu4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
  • 2.Institute of Physical and Chemical Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance Processing, Storage and Transportation Equipment and Energy Conservation Technology for Food and Drug in China, Beijing, 100190, China
  • 4.School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
出版时间: 2025-10-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.058
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机械蒸汽压缩(MVC)系统是一种将低温余热资源进行回收再利用,可达到节能、减碳目的的一种节能技术。压缩机作为MVC系统中的核心设备,其性能的优劣直接影响系统的整体性能。主要对水蒸气压缩机的热力学性能及结构性能进行综述,提出相关优化建议及改进思路,为后续对水蒸气压缩机性能的优化提供一定的参考与帮助。

水蒸气压缩机  /  MVC系统  /  热力学性能  /  几何参数  /  优化

Mechanical vapor compression (MVC) systems are energy-saving technologies that recover and reuse low-temperature waste heat resources, achieving energy conservation and carbon reduction. As the core equipment in MVC systems, the compressor directly affects the overall performance of the system. This article primarily reviews the thermodynamic and structural performance of vapor compressors, proposes relevant enhancement suggestions and improvement ideas, and provides a reference and assistance for the subsequent optimization of vapor compressor performance.

steam compressor  /  MVC system  /  thermodynamic performance  /  geometric parameters  /  optimization
潘家军, 张化福, 张振涛, 杨俊玲, 孟祥文, 吴宏伟. 应用于MVC系统的水蒸气压缩机研究进展. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 58 -68 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.058
Jiajun Pan, Huafu Zhang, Zhentao Zhang, Junling Yang, Xiangwen Meng, Hongwei Wu. Research Progress on Water Vapor Compressors Applied to MVC Systems[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (5) : 58 -68 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.058
日常工业生产中会产生大量的低温余热资源,研究如何有效地利用低温余热资源是十分必要的。目前,2种主要的技术被应用于低温余热资源的利用,一种是高温热泵节能技术,可以实现工业非蒸汽余热的回收,另一种则是针对工业低温蒸汽余热回收的机械蒸汽压缩(mechanical vapor compression,MVC)节能技术。其中机械蒸汽压缩因高效、节能、环境友好等特点成为目前工业领域内的常用技术手段。MVC技术在国内应用范围十分广阔,目前已在海水淡化、食品、干燥、废水处理等行业中展开应用和推广[1-2]
水蒸气压缩机作为MVC系统的核心设备,是限制MVC节能技术发展推广的重要技术壁垒,在MVC系统中,研究重点主要集中于3种类型的水蒸气压缩机:罗茨式、离心式以及螺杆式。选取合适的水蒸气压缩机,对其进行深入研究和优化将有助于提升整个系统的性能和效率。本文首先对MVC系统的发展历程、工作原理及应用场景进行介绍;针对不同类型水蒸气压缩机的工作特点、性能研究、几何参数、应用场景等方面进行叙述,最后对MVC系统中的水蒸气压缩机国内外研究进行总结。
机械蒸汽压缩技术,又称为机械蒸汽再压缩(mechanical vapor rcompression,MVR),作为高效的蒸发技术在蒸发界备受关注,其最早是由瑞士Sulzer-EscherWyss Ltd在1917年发明,至1925年由奥地利公司Reichenhall安装了世界上第1台MVC设备[3],并在20世纪50年代国外已将MVC技术广泛应用于蒸发工艺中,国内对于MVC技术的研究起步稍晚,在20世纪80年代随着国内对于蒸汽压缩机的研究得到一定进展,MVC技术渐渐受到越来越多学者的关注[4]
MVC蒸发系统作为一种高效、温和的节能技术具有许多优点:低运行成本,仅需少量锅炉蒸汽即可驱动;辅助设施需求少,占地面积紧凑;启动便捷,运行平稳,操作界面友好;结构简约,安装投入低,蒸发效率出色。该系统主要由蒸发器、分离器、压缩机、预热器、冷凝水罐、原料箱组成。MVC系统的工业流程如图1所示,原料液从原料箱流出,经过预热器的预热后变为高温原料液流入蒸发器,通过在蒸发器内换热蒸发得到气液混合蒸汽,接着通过分离器进行分流得到低温二次蒸汽与循环液,低温二次蒸汽经过压缩机的压缩成为高温过热蒸汽,循环液经过循环泵进入蒸发器内继续蒸发浓缩,冷凝水罐内的冷凝水通过喷水泵喷水消除过热蒸汽的过热度,得到高温饱和二次蒸汽,高温饱和二次蒸汽通入蒸发器中作为加热源与料液换热得到高温饱和冷凝水,高温冷凝水通过预热器冷却后变成低温冷凝水流入冷凝水罐,最终从冷凝水罐排出。
MVC蒸发系统的热力学过程如图2所示。由图2可知,料液通过预热器(1-2)为等压升温过程,焓值、熵值、温度均增加,料液经预热后接近或达到饱和液(2);料液经过蒸发器与分离器(2-3)为等压蒸发过程,温度和压力保持不变,焓值与熵值增加,产生低温饱和二次蒸汽;低温饱和二次蒸汽经过压缩机压缩(3-4)理想状态下为等熵绝热压缩过程,得到高品位蒸汽,但由于压缩机的密封性,实际为不可逆过程,不完全绝热,所以压缩后的二次蒸汽变为具有过热度的高温蒸汽(4);过热度消除阶段(4-4′)为等压冷却过程,压力不变,温度、焓值和熵值均降低,高温过热二次蒸汽(4)经冷却变为高温饱和二次蒸汽(4′);冷凝阶段(4′-5)为高温饱和二次蒸汽等压冷凝过程,压力和温度不变,焓值和熵值降低,变成高温冷凝水(5);冷却阶段(5-6)高温冷凝水通过预热器换热,温度、焓值、熵值均降低,变成低温冷凝水最终流入冷凝水罐中排出或喷水利用。
近年来,随着对MVC系统及水蒸气压缩机的研究,发现该系统已在海水淡化、食品、干燥、废水处理等行业中展开应用。越云凯等[5]提出建立MVC海水淡化的数值模型,通过应用工程方程求解器分析系统性能与各项参数之间的关系,包括增压比、蒸发温度、进料海水的浓度和温度,研究发现较低的增压比和蒸发温度有助于降低系统的比功耗并提高淡水回收率。此外,降低进料海水的温度和浓度也能有效提升系统的淡水回收效率,为优化海水淡化设备提供了重要的数据支持。W. Grattieri等[6]介绍了MVC在意大利食品工业中的应用,包含乳品浓缩、果蔬汁的浓缩,并将单效MVC蒸发器与传统的三效蒸发器进行了成本对比,得出MVC蒸发器的能耗减小了约1/3。Zhang Huafu等[7]提出了利用MVC真空带式干燥系统对糖浆进行干燥处理,实验结果表明,采用MVC系统可以显著降低工艺能耗,降幅为33.2%~66.33%并通过建立模型与拟合方程通过性能预测得到工艺参数范围,为系统的优化提供了技术支持。田玲[8]采用MVC卧式降膜蒸发技术分别对高盐废水、焦化废水RO凝缩液等进行蒸发处理,每蒸馏出1 t蒸馏水的能耗为20.8~25.1 kW·h,蒸发出的水质良好可以回收,每吨废水处理成本可控制在15.1元以下,相较于反渗透法(spacer tube reverse osmosis,STRO)处理工艺成本(19.05元/t)更低,提高系统效率降低运行成本与设备投资。
水蒸气作为一种流动介质,在压缩系统中表现出低摩尔质量、高绝热指数和大比热容等特性,这些属性使系统具有较小的压差、较大的压比、较低的单位容积制冷量、较大的容积流量以及较高的排气温度等特点[9]。然而,水蒸气压缩机在使用过程中也面临部件腐蚀的问题。当前,针对水蒸气压缩机的防腐防锈、密封性能、耐高温能力以及确保长期稳定运行等方面的技术问题,已成为亟需解决的重要课题[10]
目前应用于MVC系统的水蒸气压缩机主要分为3种,分别为离心式蒸汽压缩机、螺杆式蒸汽压缩机、罗茨式蒸汽压缩机,系统根据其任务条件选取合适的水蒸气压缩机,3种压缩机的技术特点对比如表1所示。
离心式压缩机作为速度式压缩机的代表,通过加快叶轮的旋转速度来增加气体的流速。气体在叶轮内因离心力作用而向外扩张,该过程中气体的动能被有效转换为压力能。随着气体流经叶轮并经历扩压流动,其速度和压力均得到显著提升,实现了气体的有效压缩。
M. N. Sarevski等[11]通过离心式水蒸气压缩机与两相喷射器相结合,达到了大流量,高压比的压缩效果,使离心式水蒸气压缩机的应用范围变得更广。陕鼓动力公司张武等[12]与德国技术专家共同设计开发了以离心式压缩机为水蒸气压缩机的高性能水蒸气压缩机机组,单级压缩比可达2.3,饱和蒸汽温升最大可达24.8%。Sun Jianting等[13]研究了湿压缩对离心式压缩机的影响,湿压缩提高了压缩机的总压比和等温效率,在注水比为2%、液滴平均直径为10 μm,与干压缩相比其最大总压比和峰值效率分别提高了4.25%和0.71%。庞卫科等[14]研究了蒸发压力对耗电功率以及系统性能的影响,蒸发压力从95 kPa升至110 kPa时,单位能耗蒸发水量(specific moisture extraction rate,SMER)从30.04 kg/(kW·h)降至29.62 kg/(kW·h),COP从23.41降至22.99,绝热效率从0.25降至0.21。郝帅[15]对蒸发器的物料热料衡算得到压缩机工艺数据,对叶轮扩压器蜗壳进行选型设计得出随进口温度升高,叶轮进出口压力几乎无影响,扩压器进出口压力比从2.16大幅提升至2.53。
预防喘振风险是离心式压缩机的一个重大技术难关,喘振是指当压缩机的流量降至一定程度时,压缩机内部的气流方向发生变化,导致叶轮和扩压器等部件出现气流的旋转脱离,形成喘振。该现象对离心式压缩机具有重大影响,会造成压缩机性能的恶化,会导致供气参数大幅度波动,破坏工艺系统的稳定性,加剧轴承、轴颈的磨损,对轴承产生冲击、机组静动件碰撞破坏[16]。李泽洋[17]通过控制设计源头设置逆止阀,搭建防喘振系统以预防喘振。江小英[18]自主研发阻尼轴承系统,压缩机在临界速度时的振幅显著下降,为了提高滚动轴承的抗振性能,压缩机轴承采用滚动轴承,性能调节范围宽,抗击变化负荷的能力提升,在不同工况下预防喘振。谢林[19]设计了开机过程和正常运行过程中流量减小工况的防喘控制算法预防喘振。张明[20]提出了融合振动信息与工艺信息的喘振故障控制策略,使用振动分析方法实现防喘系统喘振限实验标定优化,降低喘振影响。
应用离心式水蒸气压缩机的MVC蒸发系统,多用于浓缩溶液提升浓度,利用离心压缩机低能耗高效率特点,达到节约成本的目的,如表2所示。
螺杆式压缩机属于容积式压缩机,依靠基元容积的周期性吸气、压缩、排气,完成整个压缩过程。
单螺杆压缩机属于容积式压缩机,气体通过吸气口进入工作腔内,通过螺杆与星轮啮合相对运动,基元容积逐渐减小,达到压缩气体的目的。其结构简单,转子径向与轴向力完全平衡,轴承使用寿命长,无余隙容积,压比大,不会发生喘振,噪声低,可变频灵活调节,系统泄漏少,拆卸维修方便,但存在排气温度过高,星轮片的磨损严重,寿命短等问题[126]
李亚南等[27]在对压缩机性能影响因素的研究中发现,当喷水孔直径由5 mm增至7 mm,且在额定工况下运行时,排气温度显著下降40.4 K,同时容积效率和绝热效率分别提升3.99%和7.57%,通过韦伯数来确定不同喷水孔直径的最小喷水量。陈伟成等[28]对水蒸气压缩机的喷水水质中的钙镁离子与酸碱性进行了要求,防止设备中产生水垢以及腐蚀。Wang Zengli等[29]通过控制工作腔容积分析水蒸气的热力学性能,当喷水质量流量从0 L/s增至0.2 L/s,排气温度降低88.81 K,排气压力降低7.96%,随着喷水速率的不断增大会降低压缩机的绝热效率,降低喷水温度和压力可提高绝热效率。王力威等[30]研究了系统在不同蒸发温度下的性能,发现当蒸发温度超过80 ℃,压缩机的容积效率能够提升至0.73以上,绝热效率则能够达到0.5以上,此时系统的COP(coefficient of performance,性能系数)可达到12.5。由此可知,提升蒸发温度对于减少能耗、增强系统性能系数以及提高单位电能蒸发水量具有积极作用。
啮合副型线设计是研发单螺杆压缩机重点关注的课题之一,啮合副型线是星轮齿侧与螺杆槽壁接触配合的几何曲面型线,寻求接触应力小,磨损小,接触良好,泄漏少的型线[31]。目前单螺杆压缩机的啮合副型线主要分为直线-直线包络面啮合副(磨损部位固定,寿命短、泄漏量大,属于淘汰啮合副[32]);圆柱-圆柱包络面啮合副(加工精度差,精度影响大,影响容积效率[33]);直线包络面啮合副(车削加工,所需刀具的精度和强度很高,存在批量生产困难[32])。湘潭大学的许明文[34]按照PC型单螺杆压缩机螺杆和星轮的空间位置关系,设计一次包络啮合副母面的数学模型,推导出螺槽包络面方程和一次包络的啮合条件。王可等[35]建立啮合副空间坐标系,设计了圆柱-圆柱包络啮合副,根据空间啮合定理得到了啮合线。李锦上[36]设计了单螺杆压缩机双椭圆产形面二次包络型线,利用空间坐标确定啮合点和转换关系,运用三面共点构造法生成星轮的啮合面。吴伟烽等[37]根据星轮螺杆的啮合位置,建立坐标系统,计算出多圆柱包络面。以多段圆柱分段啮合,提升星轮片的寿命和压缩机的容积效率。
MVC系统选用单螺杆水蒸气压缩机大多应用于高温升,高压比工况,如表3所示。
双螺杆压缩机的核心结构包括机壳、一对螺旋形的阴阳转子、精密轴承、喷油装置、同步齿轮以及高效密封件。在压缩机的机壳内部,一对螺旋形转子紧密啮合,其中阳转子作为驱动轮与电机直接连接,而阴转子则作为从动轮随之旋转。机壳的两端设计有专门的进气口和排气口,转子在机体内的旋转运动导致基元容积随着转子的相互啮合和分离而周期性变化,从而实现气体的有效压缩[43-44]。其结构简单,转速高,体积小,动力平衡好,运行稳定,容积效率高,但存在噪声大、转子干涉磨损等问题。
Shen Jiubing等[45]压缩机进口温度为79 ℃,转速从2 000 r/min升至3 000 r/min,压缩机功耗从65 kW升至104 kW,体积流量从48 m3/min升至82.4 m3/min,容积效率从74%升至82%,等熵效率几乎保持不变。孙时中等[46]研究了运行转速和冷凝温度对压力脉动特性的影响,发现随着转速的升高,排气腔压力脉动从转速为1 380 r/min时的58.6 kPa升至4 200 r/min时的141.0 kPa,随着冷凝温度升高,压力脉动幅值从34 ℃时的132.0 kPa升至57 ℃时的314.0 kPa。马凯等[47]发现双螺杆压缩机的喷水量与旋转速度呈正比关系,喷水量与压缩蒸汽最佳质量比为8.9%~10.4%,连续喷液可增大容积效率20%。胡斌等[48]为了得到高的输出温度影响因素,通过搭建超高温水蒸气热泵样机测试发现,蒸发温度为80 ℃,冷凝温度从115 ℃升至145 ℃时,热泵COP从4.88降至1.89。在蒸发温度为85 ℃、冷凝温度为117 ℃时,最高COP为6.1,制热量为285 kW的热泵,其COP和卡诺效率随着输出温度的升高而增加。
双螺杆式压缩机的阴阳转子在相互啮合的过程中,会产生周期性的交变应力,进而引起机械振动。转子轴系通常具有一定的弹性,加工和装配的微小误差均可能导致轴系的不对中和不平衡,从而放大振动,引发机械性噪声。同时,在吸气、压缩和排气的过程中,转子的齿和齿槽与壳体壁面的精确配合形成变化的工作容积,这种周期性变化会导致气流脉动,进而生成为流体动力源的振动噪声[49]。周明龙等[50]采用双层壁结构壳体阻碍振动噪声传递,降低压缩机的噪声。陈文卿等[51]基于声波干涉原理,在排气端面上设计气流脉动衰减装置,通过旁支流道产生气流脉动与压缩机气流脉动幅值相等,相互叠加抵消,达到衰减流体性振动噪声。张炯焱[52-53]对双螺杆压缩机原有的4/6型线转子的齿间面积、容积、接触线和泄漏三角形进行了优化设计,在原有的基础上提出了减小中心距的螺杆转子型线,优化出4/5齿形线,优化后的型线和转子结构显著地减小了齿顶间隙面积、接触线长度以及三角泄漏面积,在提高螺杆压缩机效率的同时节省了加工材料成本。张炜等[54]通过数值模拟研究了齿顶间隙和齿间间隙对螺杆转子结构特性的影响。分析结果显示,随着间隙尺寸的增加,阴阳转子的最大变形先呈现增大趋势,随后逐渐减小,且整体变化幅度较为有限。为了预防转子变形引发的干涉和磨损问题,建议齿顶间隙控制在0.17 mm以上,齿间间隙控制在0.33 mm以上。
表4简要列举了双螺杆蒸汽压缩机的市场应用效果,发现双螺杆蒸汽压缩机常用于大流量高温升工况。
罗茨式压缩机作为一种容积式压缩设备,依靠一对相互啮合的回转叶轮,将低压气体从吸气端引入并通过叶轮的旋转将其压缩至高压端的排气腔,从而实现气体压力的急剧增加。在压缩过程中,气体的容积逐渐减小,以此达到压缩的效果。这种压缩机具有良好的动平衡性,振动较小,对粉尘的干扰不敏感。然而,在运行中可能会遇到排气温度过高的问题,这不仅可能引起热量沿主轴传递至机械密封或轴承,影响其使用寿命,还可能带来较大的运行噪声和严格的密封要求[2,10,16,59]
俞丽华等[60]通过中间补气或喷水来缓和排气温度过高的问题,建立补气式罗茨蒸汽压缩机工作过程的数学模型,结果表明每个工况阶段均有相应的补气质量比,当补气质量比为相应工况下的最大值时,罗茨压缩机具有最高的容积效率、最低排气温度和最小轴功率,随着补气质量比的增大,罗茨压缩机的排气温度逐渐降低。Zhang Huafu等[61-62]研究罗茨水蒸气压缩机的性能参数随蒸发温度变化的规律时,发现随着蒸发温度的升高,吸气流量由7.10 m3/min增至11.74 m3/min,而压缩比功则由310.69 kJ/kg降至158.54 kJ/kg。同时,容积效率和等熵效率分别从52.21%提升至71.54%和从16.48%增至36.15%,显示出明显的上升趋势。上述结果表明,提升压缩机的工作频率对于增强其效率是有益的。顾承真等[63]研究了进料温度、蒸发压强、压缩机频率对MVC蒸发系统性能指标SMER和总蒸发水量的影响,SMER与水蒸发量随着进料温度的提升而升高,SMER随着蒸发压强的增大而减小,蒸发水量随压缩机频率的增大而增大,电加热功耗随着压缩机频率的增大而减小。Hong Housheng等[64]搭建了一个以罗茨压缩机为水蒸气压缩机的MVC实验平台,研究了进料温度、蒸发压力、压缩机频率对压缩机蒸发率、SMER和功耗的影响,随着进料温度的升高,蒸发率与电加热功耗变化,随着蒸发压力的增大,蒸发率增大,SMER降低;随着压缩机的频率增大,蒸发率上升,SMER保持平缓,压缩机功耗增大,电辅热功耗降低。
江远峰[65]采用一种单极集装式机械密封结构,该密封结构可以有效防止介质泄漏并维持腔体内压力,密封结构主要包括轴套、介质端第一动环和介质端第二动环等部分。这些部件通过紧定螺钉固定在一起,形成一个完整的集合体。密封旋转部分呈单变截面横向L型环,该L型环的设计有助于在旋转时维持稳定的密封效果。L型环与腔体内壁之间存在一定间隙,该间隙允许输送介质通过,而最终由密封副实现密封作用,横向L型环内由循环冷却水带走热量达到降温目的。张宝夫等[66]经过对转子型线的研究,发现多叶转子型线相比于二叶宽齿顶的转子型线,可以减少气流引起的噪声,为了保证转子在任何位置都处于啮合状态,设计了一种由圆弧、摆线、圆弧、圆弧组成的型线扭叶转子,该设计有助于减少转子之间的间隙,从而降低气流冲击和噪声。蔡玉强等[67]为了提升罗茨压缩机的性能,设计了一种新型三叶转子型线,该型线由圆弧、渐开线和圆弧包络线组合而成,成功将压缩机的面积利用系数提升了16%。通过应用FLUENT软件对新型扭叶罗茨压缩机与直叶罗茨压缩机的内部流场进行模拟对比,结果表明新型三叶罗茨压缩机能够实现约4 kPa的增压效果,不仅满足了工作需求,还使出口压力和流量更加稳定。此外,新型设计有效延长了回流时间并减弱了回流强度,从而有助于降低运行过程中的噪声。
表5简要列举了罗茨水蒸气压缩机的应用范围,发现罗茨式水蒸气压缩机常用于低压缩比工况,凭借低能耗、高效率特点降低成本。
MVC系统作为一种高效节能技术,压缩机的性能直接决定了系统的节能效果。压缩机的能效比是衡量其性能的重要指标,能效比越高,意味着在单位能量输入下,压缩机能够提供更多的制冷或加热效果。此外,压缩机的可靠性和噪声水平也是评估其性能的重要因素。综上所述,在MVC系统中,压缩机的性能包括能效比、可靠性和噪声水平,这些因素共同决定了系统的节能效果。因此,选择合适的压缩机对于确保MVC系统的高效运行至关重要。通过针对3种压缩机的热力学性能、结构性能、应用范围3方面的整理综述得到如下结论:
1)离心式压缩机具有大流量和高效率的特点,然而受限于较低的单级压比和较高的排气温度,以及对液滴的敏感性,应用领域相对受限。但通过采用组合式设计的离心压缩机,能够有效克服这些局限。例如,将离心式压缩机与具有高压力比的螺杆压缩机相结合,可以实现超过20的升压比,从而扩展其应用范围。此外,研究原动机与离心压缩机的集成结构,也是当前离心式压缩机发展的关键方向之一。
2)单螺杆式压缩机具有结构合理和转子力的完全平衡,其轴承寿命长、无余隙容积以及较大的压比等特点使其在工业应用中表现出色。然而,星轮的磨损和过高的排气温度可能会缩短单螺杆压缩机的使用寿命并降低其效率,同时材料成本也相对较高。虽然目前的研究表明通过喷水可以有效降低排气温度,但星轮磨损问题仍是亟待解决的重大挑战之一。因此,优化星轮型线设计成为了提升单螺杆压缩机性能的关键研究领域。
3)双螺杆式压缩机流量范围大,具有高压力比,能够满足多种蒸汽压缩工艺的需求。然而,这种压缩机存在较大的运行噪声和转子间的干涉磨损等问题。为了解决这些问题,国内外的学者正致力于对螺杆压缩机的关键几何参数进行深入研究,包括齿轮比、间隙尺寸和转子型线等。通过精心设计转子型线和精确控制间隙尺寸,旨在有效控制双螺杆压缩机的噪声和脉动,从而优化其整体性能。
4)罗茨式压缩机以低振动、简洁的结构和对粉尘的不敏感性而受到青睐,得益于其出色的动平衡特性。但同时也面临着流量有限、压比较低、运行噪声较大、调节困难以及高密封要求和高排气温度等挑战。当前的研究重点集中于降低排气温度、减少噪声和提升密封性能上。鉴于压比的限制可能会影响罗茨压缩机的应用范围,探索提高其压比和简化调节过程的方法,成为优化该类型压缩机的重要研究方向。
  • 国家自然科学基金(21978308)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52206032)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.058
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-10-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 修回日期:2024-07-14
  • 录用日期:2024-08-21
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978308)
国家自然科学基金(21978308)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52206032)
国家自然科学基金(52206032)
作者信息
    1青岛科技大学机电工程学院 青岛 266000
    2中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100190
    3中国轻工业食品药品保质加工储运装备与节能技术重点实验室 北京 100190
    4赫特福德大学工程与计算机科学学院 哈特菲尔德 AL10 9AB

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孟祥文,男,讲师,青岛科技大学大学机电工程学院,13370888656,E-mail:。研究方向:机械蒸汽压缩技术。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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