Article(id=1239215311786922443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239215308985136031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.141, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716307200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-22, revisedDate=1727539200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-29, acceptedDate=1729094400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-17, onlineDate=1773381553837, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1755273600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773381553837, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773381553837, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773381553837, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239215308985136031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773381553169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773381893131, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239216734947824534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239215308985136031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239216734947824535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239215308985136031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=141, endPage=148, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239215311996637652, articleId=1239215311786922443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Insulation Characteristics and Energy Consumption Analysis of Refrigerated Trucks Based on New Insulation Material Technology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thermal insulation is a crucial performance indicator for cold-chain transportation equipment. Improving the thermal insulation performance can effectively reduce transportation energy consumption and, thus, lower costs. To enhance the thermal insulation performance of refrigerated trucks, this study conducted tests, analyzed the insulation performance using high-reflectivity insulation materials, and analyzed energy consumption. The study obtained data on the heat flux through the box, air cooling rate inside the box, and temperature uniformity. The experiments demonstrated that applying high-reflectivity insulation materials reduced the peak temperature of the external wall surface of the box by 23.6 ℃, leading to less heat transfer into the compartment through the roof. In the absence of refrigeration, the proportion of heat flux reduction was 46.3%, while at the set refrigeration temperature of 5 ℃, the reduction ranged from 16.7% to 26%. The insulation material improved the temperature uniformity of the external wall of the compartment to 1.12 and the internal uniformity to 1.68. This simultaneously allows the refrigeration system to reach the set temperature more quickly and maintain a lower temperature more easily. Compartments with insulation materials reduced the operating frequency of the compressor by 9.1%, leading to energy savings and good energy efficiency. The research results provide new insights into the energy-efficient use of cold chain transportation equipment and are relevant for facilities such as granaries and cold storage facilities with insulation requirements.

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Liu Yanhua, female, Ph. D., associate professor, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, 86-13533445851, E-mail: . Research fields: intelligent animal husbandry and breeding equipments.
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为提高冷藏车的隔热性能,对采用基于高反射技术隔热卷材的冷藏车保温性能进行测试并分析能耗,获得了箱体热通量、箱内空气降温速度及均匀性等情况。实验结果表明:张贴高反射隔热卷材可使箱体外壁面峰值温度降低23.6 ℃,使通过车顶进入车厢内的热量减少。在无制冷的情况下,热通量降低比例为46.3%;在设定5 ℃的冷藏温度下,下降比例为16.7%~26%。隔热卷材使车厢外壁温度均匀性提高至1.12,内部均匀性提高至1.68;同时在制冷系统启动后可以更快达到设定温度,同时更容易维持较低温度。有隔热卷材车厢可使压缩机工作频率降低9.1%,从而节省能耗,达到良好的节能效果。研究结果可为冷链运输装备节能运用提供新思路,对有隔热要求的粮库、冷库等设施亦具有参考意义。

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刘妍华,女,博士,副教授,华南农业大学工程学院,13533445851,E-mail:。研究方向:智能畜牧养殖设备。
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figureFileBig=3TALnYvUfNi89S/44bDSQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232336802402465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=CN, label=图6, caption=车厢内外温度变化, figureFileSmall=djwqGiFbU5mv7r7nwew0bw==, figureFileBig=3TALnYvUfNi89S/44bDSQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232336882094241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Changes of heat flux and heat leakage of carriages during cooling process, figureFileSmall=Ic9H3GLpRPJVkrCGEd9kzw==, figureFileBig=ZTA1CYj7Tbxpq2KPqQPBOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232336970174630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=CN, label=图7, caption=降温过程厢体热流量和漏热量变化, figureFileSmall=Ic9H3GLpRPJVkrCGEd9kzw==, figureFileBig=ZTA1CYj7Tbxpq2KPqQPBOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232338442375341, 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journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=CN, label=图9, caption=控温过程厢体热流量和漏热量变化, figureFileSmall=cI6AlSXP83WLgnJMAx+GPA==, figureFileBig=kQ7DBs6jzUcmG5OV5UQRxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232338983440573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Temperature and uniformity in carriages A and B at different moments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置平均温度/℃标准差
T1时刻A箱10.22.28
T1时刻B箱5.31.68
T2时刻A箱5.62.25
), ArticleFig(id=1239232339058938049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239215311786922443, language=CN, label=表1, caption=不同时刻A、B车厢内温度和均匀性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置平均温度/℃标准差
T1时刻A箱10.22.28
T1时刻B箱5.31.68
T2时刻A箱5.62.25
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基于新型隔热卷材保温技术的冷藏车隔热特性与能耗分析
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郭嘉明 1 , 张霄丹 1 , 羊元飞 2 , 林济诚 1 , 蔡威 1 , 刘妍华 1 , 吕恩利 1
制冷学报 | 2025,46(4): 141-148
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(4): 141-148
基于新型隔热卷材保温技术的冷藏车隔热特性与能耗分析
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郭嘉明1, 张霄丹1, 羊元飞2, 林济诚1, 蔡威1, 刘妍华1 , 吕恩利1
作者信息
  • 1华南农业大学工程学院 广州 510642
  • 2上海恩熙实业有限公司 上海 201800

通讯作者:

刘妍华,女,博士,副教授,华南农业大学工程学院,13533445851,E-mail:。研究方向:智能畜牧养殖设备。
Insulation Characteristics and Energy Consumption Analysis of Refrigerated Trucks Based on New Insulation Material Technology
Jiaming Guo1, Xiaodan Zhang1, Yuanfei Yang2, Jicheng Lin1, Wei Cai1, Yanhua Liu1 , Enli Lü1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
  • 2.Shanghai Enxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201800, China
出版时间: 2025-08-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.141
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为提高冷藏车的隔热性能,对采用基于高反射技术隔热卷材的冷藏车保温性能进行测试并分析能耗,获得了箱体热通量、箱内空气降温速度及均匀性等情况。实验结果表明:张贴高反射隔热卷材可使箱体外壁面峰值温度降低23.6 ℃,使通过车顶进入车厢内的热量减少。在无制冷的情况下,热通量降低比例为46.3%;在设定5 ℃的冷藏温度下,下降比例为16.7%~26%。隔热卷材使车厢外壁温度均匀性提高至1.12,内部均匀性提高至1.68;同时在制冷系统启动后可以更快达到设定温度,同时更容易维持较低温度。有隔热卷材车厢可使压缩机工作频率降低9.1%,从而节省能耗,达到良好的节能效果。研究结果可为冷链运输装备节能运用提供新思路,对有隔热要求的粮库、冷库等设施亦具有参考意义。

冷藏车  /  隔热材料  /  漏热量  /  温度均匀性  /  节能

Thermal insulation is a crucial performance indicator for cold-chain transportation equipment. Improving the thermal insulation performance can effectively reduce transportation energy consumption and, thus, lower costs. To enhance the thermal insulation performance of refrigerated trucks, this study conducted tests, analyzed the insulation performance using high-reflectivity insulation materials, and analyzed energy consumption. The study obtained data on the heat flux through the box, air cooling rate inside the box, and temperature uniformity. The experiments demonstrated that applying high-reflectivity insulation materials reduced the peak temperature of the external wall surface of the box by 23.6 ℃, leading to less heat transfer into the compartment through the roof. In the absence of refrigeration, the proportion of heat flux reduction was 46.3%, while at the set refrigeration temperature of 5 ℃, the reduction ranged from 16.7% to 26%. The insulation material improved the temperature uniformity of the external wall of the compartment to 1.12 and the internal uniformity to 1.68. This simultaneously allows the refrigeration system to reach the set temperature more quickly and maintain a lower temperature more easily. Compartments with insulation materials reduced the operating frequency of the compressor by 9.1%, leading to energy savings and good energy efficiency. The research results provide new insights into the energy-efficient use of cold chain transportation equipment and are relevant for facilities such as granaries and cold storage facilities with insulation requirements.

refrigerated truck  /  insulation material  /  heat leakage  /  temperature uniformity  /  energy saving
郭嘉明, 张霄丹, 羊元飞, 林济诚, 蔡威, 刘妍华, 吕恩利. 基于新型隔热卷材保温技术的冷藏车隔热特性与能耗分析. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 141 -148 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.141
Jiaming Guo, Xiaodan Zhang, Yuanfei Yang, Jicheng Lin, Wei Cai, Yanhua Liu, Enli Lü. Insulation Characteristics and Energy Consumption Analysis of Refrigerated Trucks Based on New Insulation Material Technology[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (4) : 141 -148 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.141
冷链是指将产品保持在合适的温度条件下,以确保产品质量和安全并减少损失的供应链系统。然而大量的食物在冷链过程中由于不当的温度和剧烈的温度波动而变质,产生大量的粮食浪费和经济损失[1]。据联合国粮食及农业组织(food and agriculture organization of the United Nations,FAO)报告显示,全球每年约有13亿t的粮食被浪费。我国每年都有大量果蔬、肉类和水产品等因不当的冷链物流造成巨大的经济损失[2-4]。并且随着我国国民经济的提高,人民的生活水平越来越高,对冷链产品的需求也更高,不再局限于吃得饱,更要吃得好,因此对冷链物流的需求也日趋旺盛[5]。据《中国冷链物流发展报告(2024)》显示,我国2023年冷链物流市场规模增长至733亿美元,冷链物流需求总量达3.5亿t,冷藏车保有量超过43.2万辆,冷库总容量达2.3亿m3[6]。冷链中各个环节会产生大量的能源消耗和碳排放,然而冷链的快速发展过程中不可避免地会产生碳排放[7-8]。世界上近30%的能源排放是食品冷链造成的[9]。从2006年起,中国成为全球碳排放量最大的国家,2023年的碳排放量约为12.6×109 t,约占全世界CO2总排放量的33.69%[10-11]。然而,中国的冷链物流起步较晚,与发达国家相比存在冷链物流覆盖率低、冷链设施较为落后等问题,这也加剧了食品的腐损率和制冷剂泄漏,导致更大的冷链碳排放[12-13]。因此中国政府出台了相关政策加快冷链物流绿色低碳转型,助力实现“双碳”战略目标[14-15]
部分研究旨在采用清洁能源(光伏制冷、液化天然气制冷等)代替或缓解电力制冷达到减少碳排放的目的[16-17]。然而冷链物流设备围护结构漏热也是加剧能源消耗的重点问题,因此为了提升围护结构的隔热性能学者进行了大量研究。冷链上常用的隔热材料有聚苯板(expanded polystyrene board,EPS)、挤塑板(extruded polystyrene board,XPS)、发泡聚氨酯板(polyurethane board,PU)、气凝胶和真空隔热板(vacuum insulation panel,VIP)等[18]。潘欣艺等[19]对比了XPS、膨胀聚氨酯板(expanded polyurethane board,EPU)和VIP隔热箱的性能,VIP隔热箱的隔热性能最好,同时箱内温度均匀性更好。但VIP在使用过程中易受碰撞导致弯曲等破坏,降低其隔热性能,因此与泡沫材料复合不仅能进一步增加隔热性能,还能减小VIP受外界环境的影响[12,20]。王达等[21-22]通过实验对比发现VIP+PU保温箱的隔热性能优于PU保温箱,保温时长延长了2倍以上。吕恩利等[23]搭建VIP+PU保温箱,增加VIP厚度最大可使箱体传热速率下降25%。A. Anand等[24]提出一种配置了相变材料(phase change material,PCM)的双层保温箱,其保温时长相比单层保温箱可延长30%。
上述研究主要针对优化维护结构材料,降低箱体传热系数,提高保温性能。但在实际热交换过程中,不仅存在箱体内外温差引起的热传导,辐射传热导致的热负荷也同样不可忽视[23]。在隔热层表面覆盖高反射率材料能有效减少辐射传热,降低保温层总传热系数,常用的反射材料可分为涂层类、薄膜类、织物类和块状类[25]。反射涂料常应用在石油化工、建筑和服装等领域[26-27]。Liu Junwei等[28]将辐射降温与建筑结合,在夏季时使用可节省约42.4%的电力,与储能系统结合使用后能节省63.7%的电力。A. R. Gentle等[29]测试了反射薄膜(enhanced specular reflector,ESR)的性能,该薄膜可反射部分太阳光,太阳反射率为97%,中红外发射率为96%,能有效减小太阳辐射的影响。J. C. Paquette等[30]在保温箱内部覆上铝箔减少辐射,可将保温时长延长1倍。刘广海等[31]研制了用于保温箱表面的新型涂料,使保温箱全年漏热量减少44.3 kW·h,碳排放量减少51.8 kg。
为提高冷链物流设备围护结构的保温性能,降低冷链物流的运输成本并减少能耗,对隔热卷材进行优化设计及材料升级,工作原理如图1所示。为评估该辐射制冷薄膜的性能,搭建冷藏车车厢热性能实验平台,测试该隔热材料对箱体保温性能的影响。
实验采用上海恩熙实业有限公司销售的一款隔热保温材(ECD0101,太阳光反射比≥0.87),该隔热保温材料基材采用高性能丁基胶,表面采用ACC涂层复合铝箔,ACC(anti corrosion coating)是一种耐紫外线和抗腐蚀涂层材料。为考察ECD0101隔热卷材实际保温隔热效果,研究以冷链物流常见的F类冷藏车为对象进行对比实验。冷藏车车厢体长宽高分别为4 m×2 m×2 m,车厢围护结构为厚度约110 mm的隔热板,由100 mm的保温材料和内外壁各5 mm的玻璃钢组成。保温材料为高密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫(poly urethane,PU),导热系数为0.02 W/(m·℃);玻璃钢材料为玻璃纤维增强复合材料(fiberglass reinforced plastics,FRP),导热系数为0.47W/(m·℃)。
实验装置布置如图1所示,A车为对照组,B车为张贴ECD0101隔热卷材的实验组,差异仅为车厢顶部外表面是否使用ECD0101隔热卷材。两车前后并排停放在无太阳遮挡的空地处,保证光照强度、光照时间一致,实测参数包括箱体顶部内外壁面温度、箱内环境温度和外部太阳辐射强度。其中内外壁面使用进口芯片Pt100热电阻测量(型号WZP-031;测温范围-50~200 ℃),设定每1 s采集1次数据,使用无纸记录仪(采样精度:0.2%FS;温度量程:-200~2 500 ℃;采样速度:0.1~0.3 s)记录数据;箱内环境温度测定使用温湿度一体传感器(testo174H;温度量程:-20~70 ℃;温度精度:±0.5 ℃;测量速率:1 min~24 h;储存量16 000组数据)为每1 min采集1次数据,位置布置如图2所示。太阳辐射测试仪为泰玛斯TM213(光谱范围:290~390 nm;量程:0~3 999 uW/cm2或0~39.99 mW/cm2),每30 min人工采集1次数据,放在两车车顶之间太阳直射区域测量,环境温度使用温湿度一体传感器测量,每30 min记录1次数据。
实验在华南农业大学空地以现场监测方法进行,时间为2022年9月4—6日的08:00—17:30,共计3 d,实验期间天气晴朗少云,太阳辐射强度峰值达到598W/m2,冷藏车周围环境温度最高为43.9 ℃(冷藏车遮阳处的空气平均温度),属于华南地区夏季典型天气,太阳辐射强度和环境温度变化如图3所示。
为了评估ECD0101隔热卷材对冷藏车的保温隔热效果及对箱体内部温度分布的影响,引入厢体内外温差、温度均匀性系数、热通量和漏热量对温度数据进行统计分析。
一般而言,不同实验中的初始温度均略有不同,为对比同等条件下车厢内温度的冷却速度,引入无量纲温度Y对降温速率进行评估,无量纲参数Y可在一定程度上消除初始条件波动对预冷过程的影响。半冷却时间(half cooling time,HCT)和八分之七冷却时间(seven-eighths cooling time,SECT)分别是指温度从初始值下降其一半(Y=1/2)和八分之七(Y=7/8)所需的时间。
式中:T0为车厢内部空气初始温度,℃;Tref为参考温度,℃;T为车厢内部空气温度随时间变化的温度,℃。在本研究中,冷空气的入口温度为参考温度(2 ℃)。
温度均匀性是指不同位置的温度差异性,采用温度的标准差进行评价:
式中:σ为温度的标准差;为平均温度,℃;Ti为不同监测点位置的温度,℃。
在冷藏车车厢工作过程中,车厢内外温差导致外界不断有热量传热,因此产生额外的能源消耗。为评估该隔热卷材对车厢保温性能的影响,对车厢顶部的传热量进行分析。由车厢顶部进入内部的传热量由式(3)计算:
式中:Q为漏热量,W;A为保温箱顶面传热面积,m2K为车厢传热系数,W/(m2·℃);Tout为车厢顶部外表面的综合温度,℃;Tin为车厢内空气温度,℃;di为保温层第i层的厚度,m;λi为保温层第i层的导热系数,W/(m·℃);KinKout分别为车厢内壁、外壁对流换热表面传热系数,W/(m2·℃)。
实验期间冷藏车顶部内外壁温度变化情况如图4所示。对照组A箱外表面温度为34.7~72.6 ℃,平均温度为55.4 ℃,而实验组B箱外表面温度为33.2~49 ℃,平均温度为42.4 ℃。实验当天环境空气平均温度为36.5 ℃,A箱和B箱的外壁面最高温度和平均温度分别超空气温度36.1、18.9 ℃和12.5、5.9 ℃。A箱和B箱外壁温度标准差分别为4.13和1.12。结果表明,该隔热材料通过增大太阳辐射折射率,可有效减小箱体外壁面温度,减小箱体外壁温度波动。箱体外壁温度降低导致箱体热负荷减少,传入至箱体内部的热量减少,使B箱内壁温度也明显低于A箱内壁温度。A箱内壁温度由开始的27.9 ℃升至36.6 ℃,B箱内壁温度由27.2 ℃升至33.7 ℃,最高温度降低2.9 ℃。
图4所示为箱体A和B外壁、内壁和内环境平均温度对比。结果表明,使用隔热材料后B箱外壁平均温度比A箱低13 ℃,降低23.5%;B箱内壁平均温度比A箱低了2.9 ℃,降低8.6%;B箱内环境平均温度比A箱低2.0 ℃,降低6.2%。
图5(a)和(b)所示分别为箱体顶部的热流量和漏热量变化。箱体顶部热流量呈先增大后减小的趋势,是因为热流量由箱体内外壁温差主导,中午时外界温度迅速升高导致内外温差增大,热流量增大,午后外壁温度逐渐降低,而内外仍有温差存在,导致内部温度仍继续升高,内外壁温差降低,导致热流量降低。A箱顶部平均热流量为4.1 W/m2,B箱顶平均热流量为2.2 W/m2,降低46.3%。由于顶部热流量显著降低,箱体的漏热量也显著降低。A箱体试用期间漏热量为970.9 kJ,而B箱体漏热量为519.2 kJ,降低451.7 kJ,降幅为46.5%。
为对比有无隔热材料对冷藏车降温过程的影响,设定冷藏车目标温度为5 ℃,对比两车厢在该降温过程各指标差异。冷藏车首次降温至制冷机停止运行过程中箱体温度变化如图6所示。A车厢外壁面平均温度为45.8 ℃,B车厢外壁面平均温度为38.1 ℃,降低了7.7 ℃。为减小初始温度不同的影响,采用无量纲温度对降温过程进行对比。结果表明,B车厢内降温速率明显高于A车厢,这是因为隔热材料反射了大量太阳辐射,降低了箱体外壁面温度,减少了箱体热负荷,从而提高箱体的降温速率。
表1所示为不同时刻下A、B车厢内部温度及标准差。B车厢第1次制冷机停止运行时B箱内平均温度为5.3 ℃,标准差为1.68,此时A车厢内温度为10.2 ℃,标准差为2.28;到A箱第1次制冷停止时,A箱内平均温度为5.6 ℃,标准差为2.25。结果表明,使用隔热材料后不仅提高了降温效率,同时使箱体内最低温度降低,温度分布均匀性提高。两车厢降温过程用时如图6所示。
A车厢降温至T2时刻,制冷机首次停止运行,共用时55 min,B车降温至T1,制冷机组首次停止运行,仅为39 min,用时缩短了16 min,冷却效率提高29%。此外,B车降温至Y=0.5和Y=0.125的用时也得到显著缩短。综上所述,使用隔热材料有效降低箱外热负荷,提高了制冷效率,缩短了冷却时间。
降温过程中两箱体顶部热流量和漏热量如图7所示。箱体顶部热流密度随箱内温度不断降低而逐渐增大,是因为箱体内外温差不断增大。A箱体顶部壁面热流量由3.4 W/m2增至7.7 W/m2,平均热流量为6.0 W/m2,B箱体顶部壁面热流量由1.8 W/m2增至6.0 W/m2,平均热流量为5.0 W/m2,使平均热流量降低了16.7%。B车厢降温结束时B车厢顶部漏热量为85.2 kJ,A车厢顶部漏热量为103.4 kJ,漏热量降低17.6%;A车厢降温结束时B车厢顶部漏热量为140.6 kJ,A车厢顶部漏热量为169.6 kJ,降低17.0%。
为研究隔热材料对冷藏车保鲜控温过程的影响,设定冷藏车控温范围为5~8 ℃。图8所示为控温过程中A、B车厢内外壁温度。控温过程B箱体由于外部隔热材料的影响,外壁温度更低,热负荷更小,使箱体内温度更低。A车厢外壁平均温度为55.5 ℃,内壁面平均温度为6.9 ℃;B车厢外壁面平均温度为42.1 ℃,内壁面平均温度为5.9 ℃。B车厢内的平均温度更低,有利于保证货物的品质。上述隔热材料对冷藏车升温和降温过程的研究表明,该隔热材料能有效减小箱体外热负荷,减缓升温速度,同时提高降温效率。通过对比两车厢的控温过程及制冷机的工作频率,发现该工作时间段内,A车厢制冷机启动次数为77次,而B车厢制冷机启动次数为70次,减少了制冷机的工作次数与工作时间,降低了冷藏车的能耗。
图9所示为控温过程中箱体顶部壁面热流量和漏热量。由于箱体内部平均温度差异较小,因此顶部热流量差异主要受外壁面温度影响,顶部热流量先增大后减小。A车厢平均热流量为9.2 W/m2,B车厢平均热流量为6.8 W/m2,降幅为26.0%。在该工作时间段内A车厢总漏热量为2 068.7 kJ,B车厢总漏热量为1 541.2 kJ,降幅为25.5%。
本文以F类冷藏车为对象,引入ECD0101隔热卷材保温材料,在华南地区夏季环境下进行了无太阳遮挡的冷藏车降温实验,分析ECD0101隔热卷材保温材料对冷链运输装备围护结构隔热性能的影响以及在冷藏运输过程中的节能降耗潜力。得到如下结论:
1)使用该隔热卷材后,实验组车厢外壁面温度相比对照组车厢平均降低13 ℃,使外壁面峰值降低23.6 ℃;由于车厢外温降低使厢体热负荷减小,车厢内平均温度也降低2.9 ℃。
2)应用高反射比薄膜材料能有效改善车厢温度均匀性。对照组车厢外壁温度均匀性为4.13,而实验组为1.12,且使厢体内温度均匀性也得到提高。降温结束时对照组车厢内部温度均匀性为2.25,实验组为1.68。
3)该隔热卷材能有效降低厢体热负荷,降低能耗。实验组车厢顶部热流量比对照组降低16.7%~46.3%,使厢体顶部漏热量平均降低17%~46.5%。由于热负荷的降低,使厢体保温性能和降温效率提高,制冷机工作频率减少9.1%,有利于节约能耗。
本次实验将高反射比薄膜材料应用于冷藏车,可有效改善冷藏车厢的隔热性能,有利于降低冷藏车能耗。研究对有隔热需求的冷链环节上应用高反射比薄膜材料有参考意义。
  • 国家荔枝龙眼产业体系(CARS-32-11)
  • 国家自然科学基金(31971806)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.141
  • 接收时间:2024-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22
  • 修回日期:2024-09-29
  • 录用日期:2024-10-17
基金
National Lychee Longan Industry System(CARS-32-11)
国家荔枝龙眼产业体系(CARS-32-11)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971806)
国家自然科学基金(31971806)
作者信息
    1华南农业大学工程学院 广州 510642
    2上海恩熙实业有限公司 上海 201800

通讯作者:

刘妍华,女,博士,副教授,华南农业大学工程学院,13533445851,E-mail:。研究方向:智能畜牧养殖设备。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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