Article(id=1239211866573033827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697385600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-16, revisedDate=1699632000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-11, acceptedDate=1702310400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-12, onlineDate=1773380732434, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1739635200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773380732434, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773380732434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773380732434, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239211861397270994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773380731200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773384112372, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=124, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239211866866635109, articleId=1239211866573033827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Power Loss and Temperature Distribution Characteristics of a Linear Compressor Motor, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Motor cooling is critical for ensuring the high reliability of linear compressors. This study established a linear oscillating motor loss model based on experimental operating parameters and temperatures. The trends of the copper loss, iron core loss, and eddy current loss of the motor with temperature were analyzed, coupled with a three-dimensional flow field model of the linear compressor to analyze the temperature distribution characteristics of the motor coils and permanent magnets under different operating conditions. The research results demonstrated that, for every 0.2 g/s increase in mass flow rate, the motor temperature can be reduced by 4-20 ℃, and the variance of temperature distribution decreases by 0.5-1.2 under the same intake temperature. Furthermore, for every 5 ℃ decrease in intake temperature, the motor temperature decreases by 4-6 ℃ under the same mass flow rate. The maximum temperature difference of the permanent magnet was 7.3 ℃ at a mass flow rate of 0.6 g/s and 6.9 ℃ at a mass flow rate of 1.4 g/s. The optimized intake structure reduced the variance of motor temperature distribution by 5.521, the highest temperature decreased by 4.1 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference decreased by 4.55 ℃.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Chen Xi, male, professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 86-13816426670, E-mail: . Research fields: cryocooler, linear compressor, low temperature heat transfer and energy storage.
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电机冷却是保障线性压缩机高可靠性运行的关键。建立了基于实验运行参数及温度的直线振荡电机损耗模型,分析了电机铜损、铁心损耗和涡流损耗随温度的变化趋势,并耦合线性压缩机流场三维模型,对电机线圈和永磁体的温度分布特性进行了变工况分析。结果表明:在相同的进气温度下,质量流量每提升0.2 g/s,电机温度降低4~20 ℃,且温度分布方差降低0.5~1.2;相同质量流量下,进气温度每降低5 ℃,电机温度降低4~6 ℃。永磁体的最大温差为0.6 g/s质量流量工况下的7.3 ℃和1.4 g/s质量流量工况下的6.9 ℃。优化后的进气结构使电机温度分布方差减小了5.521,最高温度下降了4.1 ℃,最大温差下降了4.55 ℃。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈曦,男,教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816426670,E-mail:。研究方向:低温制冷机,线性压缩机,低温传热和储能。
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caption=Simulated and experimental specific thrust before and after demagnetization, figureFileSmall=7tVxRQirTGcHZ+wKp+5qQA==, figureFileBig=QLq5nIIBnnwihZ/1GSLKBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224527524254691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211866573033827, language=CN, label=图13, caption=退磁前后模拟与实验比推力, figureFileSmall=7tVxRQirTGcHZ+wKp+5qQA==, figureFileBig=QLq5nIIBnnwihZ/1GSLKBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224527608140777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211866573033827, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Measured parameters of linear oscillating motors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
线圈匝数374振幅x/mm4.50
线圈电阻Re4.54弹簧刚度K/(N/m)103.79
电磁力系数K0/(N/m)32.5阻尼C/(N·s/m)33.07
电磁力Fe/N110运行频率f/Hz120
永磁体内径/mm38.2外磁轭内径/mm46.2
永磁体外径/mm44.2内磁轭外径/mm37.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239224527692026864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211866573033827, language=CN, label=表1, caption=直线振荡电机的实测参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
线圈匝数374振幅x/mm4.50
线圈电阻Re4.54弹簧刚度K/(N/m)103.79
电磁力系数K0/(N/m)32.5阻尼C/(N·s/m)33.07
电磁力Fe/N110运行频率f/Hz120
永磁体内径/mm38.2外磁轭内径/mm46.2
永磁体外径/mm44.2内磁轭外径/mm37.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239224527767524342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211866573033827, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Variance and temperature difference of the permanent magnet after optimizing scheme, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案类别方差最大温差/℃最高温度/℃
优化前5.996.7356.1
优化后0.462.1852.0
差值5.524.554.10
), ArticleFig(id=1239224527843021820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211866573033827, language=CN, label=表2, caption=优化方案后永磁体方差与温差, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案类别方差最大温差/℃最高温度/℃
优化前5.996.7356.1
优化后0.462.1852.0
差值5.524.554.10
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线性压缩机电机损耗和温度分布特性研究
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王群 , 陈曦
制冷学报 | 2025,46(1): 124-131
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(1): 124-131
线性压缩机电机损耗和温度分布特性研究
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王群, 陈曦
作者信息
  • 上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院 上海 200093

通讯作者:

陈曦,男,教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816426670,E-mail:。研究方向:低温制冷机,线性压缩机,低温传热和储能。
Power Loss and Temperature Distribution Characteristics of a Linear Compressor Motor
Qun Wang, Xi Chen
Affiliations
  • School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
出版时间: 2025-02-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124
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电机冷却是保障线性压缩机高可靠性运行的关键。建立了基于实验运行参数及温度的直线振荡电机损耗模型,分析了电机铜损、铁心损耗和涡流损耗随温度的变化趋势,并耦合线性压缩机流场三维模型,对电机线圈和永磁体的温度分布特性进行了变工况分析。结果表明:在相同的进气温度下,质量流量每提升0.2 g/s,电机温度降低4~20 ℃,且温度分布方差降低0.5~1.2;相同质量流量下,进气温度每降低5 ℃,电机温度降低4~6 ℃。永磁体的最大温差为0.6 g/s质量流量工况下的7.3 ℃和1.4 g/s质量流量工况下的6.9 ℃。优化后的进气结构使电机温度分布方差减小了5.521,最高温度下降了4.1 ℃,最大温差下降了4.55 ℃。

Motor cooling is critical for ensuring the high reliability of linear compressors. This study established a linear oscillating motor loss model based on experimental operating parameters and temperatures. The trends of the copper loss, iron core loss, and eddy current loss of the motor with temperature were analyzed, coupled with a three-dimensional flow field model of the linear compressor to analyze the temperature distribution characteristics of the motor coils and permanent magnets under different operating conditions. The research results demonstrated that, for every 0.2 g/s increase in mass flow rate, the motor temperature can be reduced by 4-20 ℃, and the variance of temperature distribution decreases by 0.5-1.2 under the same intake temperature. Furthermore, for every 5 ℃ decrease in intake temperature, the motor temperature decreases by 4-6 ℃ under the same mass flow rate. The maximum temperature difference of the permanent magnet was 7.3 ℃ at a mass flow rate of 0.6 g/s and 6.9 ℃ at a mass flow rate of 1.4 g/s. The optimized intake structure reduced the variance of motor temperature distribution by 5.521, the highest temperature decreased by 4.1 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference decreased by 4.55 ℃.

王群, 陈曦. 线性压缩机电机损耗和温度分布特性研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 124 -131 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124
Qun Wang, Xi Chen. Power Loss and Temperature Distribution Characteristics of a Linear Compressor Motor[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (1) : 124 -131 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124
据统计,我国夏季空调能耗占总能耗的17%,而居民家用冰箱占家庭总用电量的50%[1],其中压缩机能耗占比最大,占冰箱总用电量的80%[2]。在国际能源紧缺的背景下,亟需提高冰箱用压缩机的节能水平,因此高效节能的线性压缩机已成为当前国内外的研究重点[3-4]
线性压缩机使用的直线振荡电机直接驱动不仅效率高,而且结构紧凑、体积小,还能实现无油润滑,可适用于各种环境,具有很高的应用价值和研究价值[5-6]。直线振荡电机将电能转化为动子和活塞往复运动的机械能的同时会产生功率损耗并以热量的形式放出,从而使电机温度升高。而电机使用具有较高剩磁密度、磁能积和矫顽力的钕铁硼永磁材料[7-8],不足之处在于居里温度较低,温度系数较高,在高温下磁损失较大且有退磁的风险[7]。而线性压缩机在空调工况下具有较高的蒸发温度,通常在10~20 ℃[9-13],因此,对直线振荡电机进行损耗分析和对压缩机进行温度场分析是线性压缩机的重要设计内容之一。骆凯传等[14]结合电机导热特性布置永磁同步电机等效热网络模型,并采用拓展卡尔曼滤波算法对变工况实验结果进行损耗分离,得到各部件的损耗误差约为4%。熊超等[15]对双线圈双磁钢和单线圈单磁钢型直线振荡电机进行了铁损和铜损分析,并提出了直线振荡电机效率和铁心损耗测量方法。刘义腾等[16]对有冷却回路的新型离心压缩机制冷系统进行不同工质的变工况温度场模拟,分析了不同制冷剂和节流程度对电机冷却过程及制冷系统性能的影响,得到与传统系统相比电机温度可以控制在更安全的运行范围之内,但采用R134a、R1234yf、R1234ze(E)的系统COP (coefficient of performance,性能系数)降低1.23%~1.82%、1.23%~1.65%、1.14%~1.17%。毛君等[17]对线性压缩机简化模型进行内热源线圈发热的瞬态温度场仿真分析,并通过改变进气口位置对壳体进行优化,优化方案对比原始方案稳定状态下温升下降了20 K。姜云帅[18]对一种新型直线振荡电机进行了稳态温度场仿真,得到永磁体最大温差为0.55 ℃,最高温度为89.77 ℃。
现有关于直线振荡电机损耗和电机冷却的研究都将损耗假设为与温度无关的函数,或未涉及流场的传热,且未对电机在冷却后的温度分布进行研究,然而温度的升高会对电机线圈铜导体的电阻率和永磁体的剩磁产生影响,因此电机的铜损和永磁体的涡流损耗均会发生变化[19],而损耗变化又进一步影响电机各部件的温升。因此,本文提出了基于实验运行参数和温度的直线振荡电机损耗模型,建立了线性压缩机三维流热耦合模型,研究了不同运行工况下电机线圈和永磁体的温度分布特性,并根据制冷剂的流动特性提出了优化方案。研究结果可为线性压缩机电机设计和优化以及工况设计提供参考。
以一台制冷量为435 W、谐振频率为120 Hz线性压缩机的直线振荡电机为研究对象,通过模拟额定工况下不同温度和电流对损耗的影响,得到电机各部件损耗情况,MAXWELL电机模型的截面如图1所示,其各项基本参数如表1所示。
在交流电驱动下直线振荡电机内部的损耗根据产生来源可分为定子线圈产生的铜损、定子铁心产生的铁损和附加损耗以及永磁体的涡流损耗。
直线振荡电动机的励磁线圈采用漆包铜线绕制而成,当线圈通有正弦交流电,电机产生的铜损耗计算如下:
其中,铜线的电阻率和阻值与横截面积、半径有关,而铜线的半径与横截面积是固有参数,因此电阻率受温度影响的关系如下:
式中:α为铜的平均温度系数,℃-1,本文取0.003 9 ℃-1ρCu(20 ℃)为铜20 ℃下的电阻率,Ω·m,本文取0.017 9 Ω·m;T为实际温度,℃。
按照产生的机理不同可以将铁芯损耗分为来源于铁心磁滞导致的磁滞损耗Ph(W)、铁心涡流损耗Peddy(W)和电机磁场畸变的附加损耗Pextra(W),目前常用的Bertotti铁心损耗计算模型如下:
式中:PFe为铁心损耗,W;khkeddyke分别为磁滞损耗系数、涡流损耗系数、附加损耗系数;Bm为磁通密度幅值,T;f为磁场交变频率,Hz。
以实测的动力学参数输入有限元模型对铁心损耗进行计算,通过改变永磁体温度和输入电流,得到电机在额定行程下铁心损耗随永磁体温度和电流的变化曲面,如图2所示。
从电磁感应定律可知,交变电场周围会产生交变磁场,当交流电通过导体时,会在导体内部及导体周围产生交变磁场,使导体内部产生呈涡旋状的感应电流,涡电流简称涡流。由于钕铁硼永磁体的电阻较小,在交变电场下感生电场中的电流较大,进而产生更大的涡流损失以及热效应,从而影响永磁体的性能,计算式如下:
式中:Ppm为涡流损耗,W;ρ为永磁体电阻率,Ω·m;jc为涡流电流密度,A/m2V为永磁体体积,m3
通过实测电流输入有限元模型进行不同温度下的仿真计算可知,由于永磁体工作点的变化,导致永磁体内部产生的磁密发生变化,进而产生感应电流,在集肤效应的影响下感应电流趋于永磁体表面经过,使永磁体表面的电流改变及表面电流密度改变,从而对永磁体涡流损耗产生影响。图3所示为额定电流下涡流损耗与温度-电流的关系,通过对模拟参数进行二次回归得到基于运行参数及永磁体温度的永磁体涡流损耗模型。
利用Fluent进行热流耦合模拟,图4所示为直线振荡电机结构与制冷剂流动图,图示橙色线框为活塞,由于活塞沿轴向振荡造成压缩腔容积变化形成压差,在压差的驱动下,由蒸发器流出的低温制冷剂从压缩机吸气口进入,流经气缸周向流道后从外磁轭叠片间隙流入电机间隙对线圈和永磁体进行冷却。线性压缩机制冷系统如图5所示,为确定热流耦合仿真的入口边界条件,实验过程中在设置好额定吸排气压力后,启动电源调节至对应工况的谐振频率,待量热筒发热量和流量均达到稳定后,通过上位机系统控制程序读取压缩机吸气温度为12 ℃,流量为1.2 g/s,将此作为仿真入口边界条件的参考值。
采用R134a作为制冷工质,计算域包括固体域和流体域。固体域包括气缸、线圈、内外轭铁、永磁体,均采用蜂窝状网格划分。采用k-ε湍流模型,将流体域与固体域设置为交界面,并在进行热-流耦合模拟时作出以下假设:
1)与其他热源相比,辐射传热对电机的温度变化影响较小,因此仅考虑导热和对流的传热形式。
2)考虑到模拟为稳态,因此将压缩腔瞬态的压力变化视作压缩腔的稳定温差,根据实验设置为50 ℃。
3)由于模拟速度远小于声速,且不考虑压缩腔内压力变化,因此密度变化较小,故工质可视作不可压缩流体。
4)传热表面设置为无滑移边界条件;壁面法向压力梯度为0,表面无反射条件。
由于电机的温升会对电机线圈铜导体的电阻率和永磁体的剩磁产生影响进而使电机的铜损和永磁体的涡流损耗产生变化,因此电机热源需要设为随温度变化的函数,以涡流损耗为例,在确认模拟工况后,将输入电流代入永磁体涡流损耗模型得到涡流损耗关于温度的函数,在Fluent中定义材料属性的Source Term激活Expression,输入涡流损耗关于温度的函数:
式中:P0P1P2P3均为涡流损失关于温度的回归参数;Ttotal为FLUENT中的总温,K;在输入时需要保持量纲一致,如式中第1项需标注[W/m3],后三项需标注[kg/(m·K3·s3)]。
在制冷系统中,由于质量流量、电机损耗和吸气温度的不同,不同工况对电机的冷却效果差异较大,图6所示为吸、排气温度分别为12 ℃与45 ℃,运行频率为120 Hz工况下,不同质量流量对永磁体和线圈温度和总损耗的影响。永磁体和线圈的温度均随质量流量的增加而降低,这是因为质量流量的增加导致流经电机间隙的流速增加,换热效果提升,质量流量每降低0.2 g/s,线圈最高温度上升4~20 ℃。线圈和永磁体发热率随温度的变化如图7所示。由图7可知,永磁体发热率随温度的变化率在65 ℃后超过线圈,因此当流速小于1.2 g/s时,永磁体温度上升幅度高于线圈温度上升幅度,并在流速小于0.8 g/s时大于线圈温度。而在线圈温度上升时,总损耗也随之升高并加剧线圈温度的升高,因此过低的质量流量在引起电机严重过热的同时电机效率急剧下降。图8所示为质量流量为1.2 g/s的相同工况下线圈温度和总损耗随压缩机进口温度的变化。当质量流量不变传热系数恒定时,压缩机进口温度的差异导致传热温差不同,进口温度越低,与线圈的传热温差越大,从而传热效果越好,进口温度每降低5 ℃,线圈最高温度降低4~6 ℃。
不同质量流量下永磁体温度与表面流速的周向分布如图9所示。由图9可知,永磁体的最高与最低温度存在5~10 ℃的偏差,这是因为当制冷剂在压差的作用下从入口径向流入压缩机腔后,首先沿导流槽方向流动,在导流槽达到饱和后通过外磁轭叠片的间隙流进线圈与永磁体的间隙,因此沿圆周方向流速会出现较大差异,导致冷却效果存在差异。随着质量流量的增加,永磁体温度方差呈减小趋势,这是因为质量流量增加,制冷剂会沿间隙向永磁体表面两侧扩散,使冷却更加均匀。其中方差的计算式为:
式中:x1x2、…、xn为沿永磁体或线圈周向取n个点的温度,℃;为所取温度点的平均值,℃。
取距离永磁体外表面0.5 mm处的周向分布流体为参考流速,在不同流速下永磁体表面温度均随表面流速的增加而显著降低,流速增加位置均为外磁轭叠片的间隙处,且靠近入口处流速较低,导致入口附近的两处间隙传热系数较低。又由于永磁体导热系数较低且彼此之间不接触,因此出现永磁体温度不均匀的情况,在6 g/s质量流量下最大温差为9 ℃,而在14 g/s质量流量下最大温差为6.4 ℃。
图10所示为不同质量流量下线圈温度与表面流速的周向分布。取距离线圈内表面0.5 mm处的周向分布流体为参考流速,流速也呈现相同的分布趋势,但线圈温度分布与永磁体温度分布相反且温差较小,分别为0.6 ℃与0.3 ℃,呈近吸气口处温度较低远处温度较高的趋势,导致该趋势的原因如下:1)外磁轭叠片间隙呈扇形,而线圈表面间隙对应扇形的外侧,因此流通面积较大,流动阻力较小,故近吸气口处间隙流速相较远处更大;2)线圈采用铜制成,具有较好的导热性能,且为一个整体。
由于永磁体的BH曲线(磁滞回线)及工作点受温度影响,温度升高将导致磁感应强度降低,甚至引起永磁体退磁,而不均匀的温度分布将导致磁场分布出现径向偏移,造成活塞偏置进而产生摩擦损失。线圈和永磁体温度随各种影响因素的变化范围如图11所示。线圈和永磁体的温度变化范围和趋势不同,因为线圈和永磁体的热交换条件不同,对损耗的敏感性也不同。在选定的变化范围内,质量流量对电机温度的影响最大,因为质量流量直接影响电机表面的流速和流动特性。输入电流的变化会直接决定线圈的铜损以及磁场变化的幅值,从而影响发热量。进、出口直径对电机温度的影响最小,因为当质量流量一定时,影响热交换和电机温度的参数(如表面温差和电机损耗)随进、出口直径的变化较小。因此,从流场流动特性考虑,对压缩机进气结构进行优化,优化方案如图12所示。以质量流量为0.14 g/s、吸气温度为12 ℃的相同工况进行模拟,对优化前后永磁体和线圈温度分布差异进行了对比分析,如表2所示,结果表明优化后永磁体和线圈的温度分布更加均匀,方差降低为优化前的1/12,需重点关注的永磁体最大温差降低了4.55 ℃,最高温度降低4.1 ℃,说明优化方案能够有效优化电机线圈温度分布与运行温度,进而提升压缩机运行的稳定性。
为验证流热耦合模拟的准确性,在实验数据中选取蒸发温度最高、质量流量最小的工况进行仿真,得到永磁体最高温度为119.8 ℃,将该温度导入Maxwell中进行退磁模拟和电机比推力模拟。采用的模型如图1所示,模拟运行参数如表1所示。
直线振荡电机比推力计算式[20]:
式中:N为线圈匝数;B为磁感应强度,T;A为磁通面积,m2K0为比推力,N/A。
在永磁体退磁前后,直线电机的线圈匝数和几何结构均不发生改变,仅有永磁体的剩磁发生改变,因此由式(7)可知,通过测量电机比推力下降的幅度,可准确反映永磁体的退磁情况,并且得到永磁体的最高温度。
比推力模拟与实验结果对比如图13所示,退磁前后电机比推力实验与模拟结果误差为9%~12.5%,导致模拟结果偏大的主要原因为:模拟采用二维模型,将外磁轭假设为布满整个线圈,然而实际模型每个部分之间会有一定的间隙,因此实际电机的外磁轭更容易达到磁饱和状态,对应退磁后的误差小于退磁前的误差。
本文针对线性压缩机电机冷却过程,建立了基于温度的线性压缩机电机损耗模型和压缩机热流耦合模型,分析了不同质量流量和进口温度对压缩机温度分布的影响,得到如下结论:
1)当电机温度高于65 ℃后,永磁体涡流损耗发热率的增长率将大于线圈发热率的增长率。
2)在相同的进气温度下,质量流量每提升0.2 g/s,电机温度降低4~20 ℃,且温度分布方差降低0.5~1.2;相同质量流量下,进气温度每降低5 ℃,电机温度降低4~6 ℃,但对温度分布方差无明显影响。
3)由于流体流动阻力的影响,在远离进气口处的外磁轭叠片间隙的制冷剂具有更高的流速,对应位置的线圈与永磁体温度更低。永磁体的最大温差为0.6 g/s质量流量工况下的7.3 ℃和1.4 g/s质量流量工况下的6.9 ℃。
4)针对永磁体温度过高和温度分布不均的问题,提出了优化方案,在质量流量为14 g/s和进口温度为12 ℃的工况下,永磁体温度分布方差下降了5.521,最高温度下降了4.1 ℃,最大温差下降了4.55 ℃。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52376012)
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124
  • 接收时间:2023-10-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-02-16
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16
  • 修回日期:2023-11-11
  • 录用日期:2023-12-12
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376012)
国家自然科学基金(52376012)
作者信息
    上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院 上海 200093

通讯作者:

陈曦,男,教授,上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,13816426670,E-mail:。研究方向:低温制冷机,线性压缩机,低温传热和储能。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.124
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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