Article(id=1239211864228426265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1692288000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-18, revisedDate=1701014400000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-27, acceptedDate=1701014400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-27, onlineDate=1773380731874, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1739635200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773380731874, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773380731874, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773380731874, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239211861397270994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773380731200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773384112372, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239211864404587046, articleId=1239211864228426265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The low-carbon transformation of data centers is highly significant for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study compared and analyzed the overall situation of data centers in China. Three variables—energy efficiency improvement rate, proportion of non-fossil energy—and negative emission technology intensity were introduced based on the CO2 emission and intensity targets of China in key years, and the total CO2 emissions of the data centers were projected via scenario analysis. The results demonstrated that the power consumption of the data centers increased gradually; the carbon emissions first increased and then decreased, and the power usage effectiveness (PUE) of the data centers decreased gradually. The carbon peak time of the three scenarios is 2030, and the expected times to achieve carbon neutrality are 2059, 2057, and 2055 in the three scenarios. In light of the goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the data center industry should further improve the energy efficiency utilization rate, increase the proportion of non-fossil energy, strengthen the technological innovation of carbon capture and storage, and enhance the level of carbon sinks.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Zhou Feng, male, appointed professor, Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 86-13426312128, E-mail: . Research fields: energy utilization and environment control technology of refrigeration and air conditioning, low carbon energy saving techno-logy in data centers, energy saving technology for green buildings, phase-change heat transfer, refrigerant replacement.
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feng Zhou, Ruimin Wang, Guoyuan Ma, Xianghui Yan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239211866644345524, articleId=1239211864228426265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=CN, title=我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析, columnId=0, journalTitle=制冷学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

数据中心低碳转型减排对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。对全国数据中心总体情况进行对比分析,基于中国关键年份CO2排放和强度目标,引入能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比、负排放技术强度3个变量,采用情景分析法分析数据中心CO2排放总量。研究结果表明:数据中心的耗电量逐渐增加,而碳排放量呈先增加后降低的趋势,数据中心的电能利用效率(PUE)呈逐渐下降的趋势,3种情景的碳达峰时间均为2030年,碳中和的时间分别为2059、2057、2055年。展望2060年碳中和目标,数据中心行业应进一步提高能效利用率、提高非化石能源占比、加强碳捕集与封存技术创新和提升碳汇水平。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周峰,男,校聘教授,北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系,13426312128,E-mail:。研究方向:制冷空调能源利用与环境控制技术,数据中心低碳节能技术,绿色建筑节能技术,相变传热与流动,制冷剂工质环保替代等。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mMkZZoib1yb63u5x/RtrRA==, magXml=u3L2L/HZDnUyaGwjbmAqUw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZOhGgyy96xwQfvxDYGgPhw==, pdfFileSize=3792943, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=h+O8y/vWBCQLphAaZOPLeg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aaWNHE2ksYTD/lX8rSuA8g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=周峰, 王芮敏, 马国远, 晏祥慧)}, authors=[Author(id=1239224514576445798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhoufeng@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239224514647748973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224514576445798, language=EN, stringName=Feng Zhou, firstName=Feng, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239224514735829359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224514576445798, language=CN, stringName=周峰, firstName=峰, middleName=null, lastName=周, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239224514492559711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514496754016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514505142625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1239224514811326837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239224514903601530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224514811326837, language=EN, stringName=Ruimin Wang, firstName=Ruimin, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239224514962321789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224514811326837, language=CN, stringName=王芮敏, firstName=芮敏, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239224514492559711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514496754016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514505142625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1239224515037819268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239224515159454086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224515037819268, language=EN, stringName=Guoyuan Ma, firstName=Guoyuan, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239224515251728779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224515037819268, language=CN, stringName=马国远, firstName=国远, middleName=null, lastName=马, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239224514492559711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514496754016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514505142625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1239224515344003473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239224515423695256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224515344003473, language=EN, stringName=Xianghui Yan, firstName=Xianghui, middleName=null, lastName=Yan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239224515511775646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, authorId=1239224515344003473, language=CN, stringName=晏祥慧, firstName=祥慧, middleName=null, lastName=晏, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239224514492559711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514496754016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514505142625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124)])])], keywords=null, refs=[Reference(id=1239224517738951178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=探索构建双碳工作体系助力绿色数据中心建设与发展[EB/OL]. (2021-07-06) [2023-08-15]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw., articleTitle=探索构建双碳工作体系助力绿色数据中心建设与发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224517822837265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(Explore the construction of a dual-carbon working system help the construction and development of green data centers[EB/OL]. (2021-07-06) [2023-08-15]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw.), articleTitle=Explore the construction of a dual-carbon working system help the construction and development of green data centers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224517906723351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=48, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=陈鹏, 周兴, 晏佳惠, journalName=科技广场, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈鹏, 周兴, 晏佳惠. 碳中和背景下我国数据中心发展模式探索[J]. 科技广场, 2021(5): 48-56., articleTitle=碳中和背景下我国数据中心发展模式探索, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224517986415134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=48, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=CHEN Peng, ZHOU Xing, YAN Jiahui, journalName=Science Mosaic, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Peng, ZHOU Xing, YAN Jiahui. An exploration of data center development models in China in the context of carbon neutrality[J]. Science Mosaic, 2021(5): 48-56.), articleTitle=An exploration of data center development models in China in the context of carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518061912615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=28, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=陈焕新, 张丽, 程亨达, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈焕新, 张丽, 程亨达. 制冷、大数据、元宇宙漫谈[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(2): 28-38., articleTitle=制冷、大数据、元宇宙漫谈, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518129021484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=28, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=CHEN Huanxin, ZHANG Li, CHENG Hengda, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Huanxin, ZHANG Li, CHENG Hengda. Exploring the nexus of refrigeration, big data, and metaverse[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(2): 28-38.), articleTitle=Exploring the nexus of refrigeration, big data, and metaverse, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518212907570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=中国电子技术标准化研究院, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国电子技术标准化研究院. 《绿色数据中心白皮书(2019)》[R/OL]. (2019-05-16) [2023-08-15]. http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584., articleTitle=《绿色数据中心白皮书(2019)》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518368096828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=China Electronics Standardization Institute, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(China Electronics Standardization Institute. Green data centers (2019)[R/OL]. (2019-05-16) [2023-08-15]. http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584.), articleTitle=Green data centers (2019), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518493925953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=舒印彪, 张丽英, 张运洲, journalName=中国工程科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=舒印彪, 张丽英, 张运洲, 等. 我国电力碳达峰、碳中和路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(6): 1-14., articleTitle=我国电力碳达峰、碳中和路径研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518594589257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=SHU Yinbiao, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Yunzhou, journalName=Strategic Study of CAE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(SHU Yinbiao, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Yunzhou, et al. Carbon peak and carbon neutrality path for China′s power industry[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(6): 1-14.), articleTitle=Carbon peak and carbon neutrality path for China′s power industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518686863950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=7, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=张军华, 刘宇, journalName=信息技术与标准化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张军华, 刘宇. 碳达峰碳中和目标下数据中心绿色低碳发展策略[J]. 信息技术与标准化, 2021(12): 7-12., articleTitle=碳达峰碳中和目标下数据中心绿色低碳发展策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518842053205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=7, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=ZHANG Junhua, LIU Yu, journalName=Information Technology & Standardization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Junhua, LIU Yu. Green and low-carbon development strategy of data center under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals[J]. Information Technology & Standardization, 2021(12): 7-12.), articleTitle=Green and low-carbon development strategy of data center under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224518938522200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=余碧莹, 赵光普, 安润颖, journalName=北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=余碧莹, 赵光普, 安润颖, 等. 碳中和目标下中国碳排放路径研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 23(2): 17-24., articleTitle=碳中和目标下中国碳排放路径研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519089517152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YU Biying, ZHAO Guangpu, AN Runying, journalName=Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=(YU Biying, ZHAO Guangpu, AN Runying, et al. Research on China′s CO2 emission pathway under carbon neutral target[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 23(2): 17-24.), articleTitle=Research on China′s CO2 emission pathway under carbon neutral target, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519185986150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=5, pageStart=32, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=王灿, 孙若水, 张九天, journalName=China Economist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王灿, 孙若水, 张九天. 中国实现碳中和的支撑技术与路径[J]. China Economist, 2021, 16(5): 32-70., articleTitle=中国实现碳中和的支撑技术与路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519345369709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=5, pageStart=32, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Can, SUN Ruoshui, ZHANG Jiutian, journalName=China Economist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(WANG Can, SUN Ruoshui, ZHANG Jiutian. Supportive technologies and roadmap for China′s carbon neutrality[J]. China Economist, 2021, 16(5): 32-70.), articleTitle=Supportive technologies and roadmap for China′s carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519467004533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=18, pageStart=6245, pageEnd=6258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李晖, 刘栋, 姚丹阳, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晖, 刘栋, 姚丹阳. 面向碳达峰碳中和目标的我国电力系统发展研判[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(18): 6245-6258., articleTitle=面向碳达峰碳中和目标的我国电力系统发展研判, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519571862138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=18, pageStart=6245, pageEnd=6258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LI Hui, LIU Dong, YAO Danyang, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LI Hui, LIU Dong, YAO Danyang. Analysis and reflection on the development of power system towards the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(18): 6245-6258.), articleTitle=Analysis and reflection on the development of power system towards the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519672525440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=中国信息通信研究院, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国信息通信研究院. 数据中心白皮书(2022年)[R/OL]. (2022-04-22) [2023-08-15]. http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm., articleTitle=数据中心白皮书(2022年), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519802548872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. White book on data centers (2022)[R/OL]. (2022-04-22) [2023-08-15]. http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm.), articleTitle=White book on data centers (2022), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519915795091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=绿色和平, 华北电力大学, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=绿色和平, 华北电力大学. 《点亮绿色云端:中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究》[R/OL]. (2019-09-17) [2023-08-15]. https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-cityconsumption-and-renewable-energy/., articleTitle=《点亮绿色云端:中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224519978709657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Greenpeace, North China Electric Power University, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(Greenpeace, North China Electric Power University. Lighting the green cloud: research on energy consumption and renewable energy utilization potential of China′s data centers[R/OL]. (2019-09-17) [2023-08-15]. https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-city-consumption-and-renewable-energy/.), articleTitle=Lighting the green cloud: research on energy consumption and renewable energy utilization potential of China′s data centers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520096150178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=77, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=程亨达, 陈焕新, 邵双全, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程亨达, 陈焕新, 邵双全, 等. 数据中心冷却系统的综合COP评价[J]. 制冷学报, 2020, 41(6): 77-84., articleTitle=数据中心冷却系统的综合COP评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520171647657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=77, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=CHENG Hengda, CHEN Huanxin, SHAO Shuangquan, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHENG Hengda, CHEN Huanxin, SHAO Shuangquan, et al. Comprehensive COP evaluation system for energy efficiency of data center cooling system[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(6): 77-84.), articleTitle=Comprehensive COP evaluation system for energy efficiency of data center cooling system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520280699569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=《贯彻落实碳达峰碳中和目标要求 推动数据中心和5G等新型基础设施绿色高质量发展实施方案》[EB/OL]. (2021-10-30) [2023-08-18]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123., articleTitle=《贯彻落实碳达峰碳中和目标要求 推动数据中心和5G等新型基础设施绿色高质量发展实施方案》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520381362873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(Implementation plan for implementing the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets to promote green and high-quality development of data centers and new infrastructure such as 5G[EB/OL]. (2021-10-30) [2023-08-18]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123.), articleTitle=Implementation plan for implementing the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets to promote green and high-quality development of data centers and new infrastructure such as 5G, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520465248959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=龙惟定, 梁浩, journalName=暖通空调, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龙惟定, 梁浩. 我国城市建筑碳达峰与碳中和路径探讨[J]. 暖通空调, 2021, 51(4): 1-17., articleTitle=我国城市建筑碳达峰与碳中和路径探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224520582689483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LONG Weiding, LIANG Hao, journalName=Journal of HV&AC, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LONG Weiding, LIANG Hao. Discussion on paths of carbon peak and carbon neutrality of urban buildings in China[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2021, 51(4): 1-17.), articleTitle=Discussion on paths of carbon peak and carbon neutrality of urban buildings in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522046501582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=生态环境部办公厅, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=生态环境部办公厅. 《关于做好2022年企业温室气体排放报告管理相关重点工作的通知》[EB/OL]. (2022-03-15) [2023-08-15]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html., articleTitle=《关于做好2022年企业温室气体排放报告管理相关重点工作的通知》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522163942100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Notice on the key work related to the management of greenhouse gas emission report in 2022[EB/OL]. (2022-03-15) [2023-08-15]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html.), articleTitle=Notice on the key work related to the management of greenhouse gas emission report in 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522264605405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=黄翔, 傅耀玮, 寇凡, journalName=西安工程大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄翔, 傅耀玮, 寇凡. 数据中心间接蒸发冷却空调机组二/一次风量比[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2022, 36(4): 34-39., articleTitle=数据中心间接蒸发冷却空调机组二/一次风量比, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522377851622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=HUANG Xiang, FU Yaowei, KOU Fan, journalName=Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(HUANG Xiang, FU Yaowei, KOU Fan. Secondary/primary air volume ratio of indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning unit in data center[J]. Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, 2022, 36(4): 34-39.), articleTitle=Secondary/primary air volume ratio of indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning unit in data center, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522482709228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=40, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=周峰, 申超亚, 马国远, journalName=西安工程大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周峰, 申超亚, 马国远, 等. 数据中心混合工质氟泵自然冷却系统性能分析[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2022, 36(4): 40-46., articleTitle=数据中心混合工质氟泵自然冷却系统性能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522579178225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=40, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ZHOU Feng, SHEN Chaoya, MA Guoyuan, journalName=Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHOU Feng, SHEN Chaoya, MA Guoyuan, et al. Thermal performance of refrigerant pump-driven free cooling system for data centers with mixed refrigerant[J]. Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, 2022, 36(4): 40-46.), articleTitle=Thermal performance of refrigerant pump-driven free cooling system for data centers with mixed refrigerant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522679841528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》[EB/OL]. (2022-01-29) [2023-08-15]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123., articleTitle=《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522818253569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(14th Five-Year Plan for modern energy system[EB/OL]. (2022-01-29) [2023-08-15]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123.), articleTitle=14th Five-Year Plan for modern energy system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224522923111176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=35, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=张希良, 黄晓丹, 张达, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张希良, 黄晓丹, 张达, 等. 碳中和目标下的能源经济转型路径与政策研究[J]. 管理世界, 2022, 38(1): 35-51., articleTitle=碳中和目标下的能源经济转型路径与政策研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523019580179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=35, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=37, authorNames=ZHANG Xiliang, HUANG Xiaodan, ZHANG Da, journalName=Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Xiliang, HUANG Xiaodan, ZHANG Da, et al. Research on the transformation path and policy of energy economy under the target of carbon neutralization[J]. Management World, 2022, 38(1): 35-51.), articleTitle=Research on the transformation path and policy of energy economy under the target of carbon neutralization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523296404253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=37, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=李继峰, 郭焦锋, 高世楫, journalName=发展研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李继峰, 郭焦锋, 高世楫, 等. 我国实现2060年前碳中和目标的路径分析[J]. 发展研究, 2021, 38(4): 37-47., articleTitle=我国实现2060年前碳中和目标的路径分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523367707427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=37, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LI Jifeng, GUO Jiaofeng, GAO Shiji, journalName=Development Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LI Jifeng, GUO Jiaofeng, GAO Shiji, et al. Path analysis of China′s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060[J]. Development Research, 2021, 38(4): 37-47.), articleTitle=Path analysis of China′s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523493536560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=项目综合报告编写组, journalName=中国人口·资源与环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=项目综合报告编写组. 《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》综合报告[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(11): 1-25., articleTitle=《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》综合报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523606782771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Project comprehensive report wri-ting group, journalName=China Population, Resources and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(Project comprehensive report wri-ting group. Comprehensive report on China′s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transformation path[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.), articleTitle=Comprehensive report on China′s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transformation path, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239224523703251769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=586, issue=null, pageStart=720, pageEnd=723, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=42, authorNames=WANG Jing, FENG Liang, PALMER P I, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jing, FENG Liang, PALMER P I, et al. Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data[J]. Nature, 2020, 586: 720-723., articleTitle=Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239224517420184049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, awardId=51776004, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(51776004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239224517508264439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, awardId=51776004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51776004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239224514492559711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514496754016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239224514505142625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, companyId=1239224514492559711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239224515700519332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Power consumption of data centers[4,11], figureFileSmall=jBQpQLuP1GYbvlqCjM25og==, figureFileBig=fCimZe2k8SM0LH0V7yHiaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224515776016811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=图1, caption=数据中心耗电量[4,11], figureFileSmall=jBQpQLuP1GYbvlqCjM25og==, figureFileBig=fCimZe2k8SM0LH0V7yHiaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224515872485807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Number of data center racks[10], figureFileSmall=CFDKD/W7evx58ijkuiwd1A==, figureFileBig=TCRRfLMK0M83vvwolpfuhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224515968954802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=图2, caption=数据中心机架数[10], figureFileSmall=CFDKD/W7evx58ijkuiwd1A==, figureFileBig=TCRRfLMK0M83vvwolpfuhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516052840885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PUE of data centers, figureFileSmall=ytgUV6C6GFfsS5zeAa9sGA==, figureFileBig=nzQ4+bmbaiL74fkVKGO8sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516132532665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=图3, caption=数据中心PUE, figureFileSmall=ytgUV6C6GFfsS5zeAa9sGA==, figureFileBig=nzQ4+bmbaiL74fkVKGO8sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516237390270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Carbon emission of data centers, figureFileSmall=EU8RDhokdKEqEiPnJ4PYsA==, figureFileBig=dnTv/XEn+ZGakYmN9N5bXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516556157382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=图4, caption=数据中心碳排放量, figureFileSmall=EU8RDhokdKEqEiPnJ4PYsA==, figureFileBig=dnTv/XEn+ZGakYmN9N5bXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516627460552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Different intensity scenarios of carbon neutrality in data centers, figureFileSmall=Ihpeu5oWMhHwzIMizPPutw==, figureFileBig=dfXOcx69QN52t73qfsiA/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516698763725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=图5, caption=数据中心碳中和不同强度情景, figureFileSmall=Ihpeu5oWMhHwzIMizPPutw==, figureFileBig=dfXOcx69QN52t73qfsiA/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224516786844113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Baseline scenario mode, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景设置年份能效提高率/%非化石能源消费占比/%负排放技术强度
基准2025619
20301024
20602179
中等强度2025820
20301225
20602280
高强度20251021
20301426
20602381
), ArticleFig(id=1239224516879118805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=表1, caption=基准情景设置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景设置年份能效提高率/%非化石能源消费占比/%负排放技术强度
基准2025619
20301024
20602179
中等强度2025820
20301225
20602280
高强度20251021
20301426
20602381
), ArticleFig(id=1239224517013336538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Carbon sinks of data centers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份全社会碳排放量/亿t数据中心碳排/亿t百分比/%总碳汇/亿t数据中心碳汇/亿t
2020991.181 61.19470.083 55
20251051.711 51.63080.130 40
20301082.390 92.21490.199 25
2060792.104 92.66480.213 20
), ArticleFig(id=1239224517076251102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=表2, caption=数据中心碳汇, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份全社会碳排放量/亿t数据中心碳排/亿t百分比/%总碳汇/亿t数据中心碳汇/亿t
2020991.181 61.19470.083 55
20251051.711 51.63080.130 40
20301082.390 92.21490.199 25
2060792.104 92.66480.213 20
), ArticleFig(id=1239224517168525792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Negative emissions of data centers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份基准情景负排放量/(亿t/年)中等强度负排放量/(亿t/年)高强度负排放量/(亿t/年)
20250.132 650.132 650.132 65
20300.208 190.208 190.208 19
20600.397 140.494 280.591 41
), ArticleFig(id=1239224517256606181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211864228426265, language=CN, label=表3, caption=数据中心负排放量, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份基准情景负排放量/(亿t/年)中等强度负排放量/(亿t/年)高强度负排放量/(亿t/年)
20250.132 650.132 650.132 65
20300.208 190.208 190.208 19
20600.397 140.494 280.591 41
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1238822513841586179, delFlag=0, nameCn=制冷学报, nameEn=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4339, eissn=2097-650X, cn=11-2182/TB, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773287903512, updatedTime=1773299932329, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, picEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1238872966457520458, language=CN, name=制冷学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932350, updatedTime=1773299932350, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1238872966507852107, language=EN, name=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932362, updatedTime=1773299932362, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1238823019242635269, websiteList=[Website(id=1238843830003356342, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773292985679, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293389655, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=制冷学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876063237992790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300670680, updateTime=1773300670680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063217021267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300670675, updateTime=1773300670675, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063258964313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670685, updateTime=1773300670685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063208632658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300670673, updateTime=1773300670673, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063271547227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670688, updateTime=1773300670688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063233798485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773300670679, updateTime=1773300670679, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063263158618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670687, updateTime=1773300670687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063225409876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773300670677, updateTime=1773300670677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063246381399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300670682, updateTime=1773300670682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063250575704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300670683, updateTime=1773300670683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1238843830074659514, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773292985695, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293420654, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Refrigeration, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876091918643554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300677518, updateTime=1773300677518, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091893477727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300677512, updateTime=1773300677512, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091935420773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677522, updateTime=1773300677522, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091885089118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300677510, updateTime=1773300677510, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091952197991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677526, updateTime=1773300677526, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091910254945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773300677516, updateTime=1773300677516, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091948003686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677525, updateTime=1773300677525, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091897672032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773300677513, updateTime=1773300677513, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091927032163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300677520, updateTime=1773300677520, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091931226468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300677521, updateTime=1773300677521, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=制冷学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.zhilengxuebao.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalPhotoCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPhotoEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
周峰 , 王芮敏 , 马国远 , 晏祥慧
制冷学报 | 2025,46(1): 79-85
收起
收藏切换
制冷学报 | 2025, 46(1): 79-85
我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析
全屏
周峰 , 王芮敏, 马国远, 晏祥慧
作者信息
  • 北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124

通讯作者:

周峰,男,校聘教授,北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系,13426312128,E-mail:。研究方向:制冷空调能源利用与环境控制技术,数据中心低碳节能技术,绿色建筑节能技术,相变传热与流动,制冷剂工质环保替代等。
Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target
Feng Zhou , Ruimin Wang, Guoyuan Ma, Xianghui Yan
Affiliations
  • Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
出版时间: 2025-02-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
文章导航
收藏切换

数据中心低碳转型减排对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。对全国数据中心总体情况进行对比分析,基于中国关键年份CO2排放和强度目标,引入能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比、负排放技术强度3个变量,采用情景分析法分析数据中心CO2排放总量。研究结果表明:数据中心的耗电量逐渐增加,而碳排放量呈先增加后降低的趋势,数据中心的电能利用效率(PUE)呈逐渐下降的趋势,3种情景的碳达峰时间均为2030年,碳中和的时间分别为2059、2057、2055年。展望2060年碳中和目标,数据中心行业应进一步提高能效利用率、提高非化石能源占比、加强碳捕集与封存技术创新和提升碳汇水平。

The low-carbon transformation of data centers is highly significant for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study compared and analyzed the overall situation of data centers in China. Three variables—energy efficiency improvement rate, proportion of non-fossil energy—and negative emission technology intensity were introduced based on the CO2 emission and intensity targets of China in key years, and the total CO2 emissions of the data centers were projected via scenario analysis. The results demonstrated that the power consumption of the data centers increased gradually; the carbon emissions first increased and then decreased, and the power usage effectiveness (PUE) of the data centers decreased gradually. The carbon peak time of the three scenarios is 2030, and the expected times to achieve carbon neutrality are 2059, 2057, and 2055 in the three scenarios. In light of the goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the data center industry should further improve the energy efficiency utilization rate, increase the proportion of non-fossil energy, strengthen the technological innovation of carbon capture and storage, and enhance the level of carbon sinks.

周峰, 王芮敏, 马国远, 晏祥慧. 我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
Feng Zhou, Ruimin Wang, Guoyuan Ma, Xianghui Yan. Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (1) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
气候变化是全球最大的环境挑战,为了应对全球气候变化,世界各国纷纷制定碳中和气候目标。2020年,中国在联合国大会一般性辩论和气候雄心峰会等重要会议上,首次提出了争取2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和的目标。这一气候雄心展现了中国对于气候变化议题的责任担当,也对包括企业在内的社会各界提出了新的要求[1]
碳中和的实现涉及社会所有产业和经济活动,其中数据中心数字化产业已成为碳中和的重要分支和产业数字化的重要基石,其低碳节能发展备受关注[2]。当前,互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等技术加速创新,全球数据量在过去10年中从GB量级迅速攀升至ZB量级[3],作为支撑庞大数字社会的信息基础设施的数据中心,持续面临巨大的压力,扩容、扩建的需求更是屡创新高。预计至2030年全国数据中心耗电量将达到4 115.3亿kW·h[4],约占全社会用电量的3.49%[4-5],因此数据中心减少能耗、减少碳排放、减少碳足迹,建设绿色数据中心是我国信息化建设持续发展的必由之路[6]
相比于欧洲、美国等发达国家,我国计划从2030年前CO2排放达峰至2060年实现碳中和的时间仅为30年,从碳中和实现周期看,我国需要用比发达国家更短的时间完成深度减排,科技需要发挥重大作用[7]。目前,碳中和已成为我国当前的热门话题,国内许多高校和机构也对我国能源碳中和目标下低碳转型路径开展了研究和预测[7-8],对于约占能源碳排放40%的电力部门,其低碳转型之路,也有许多相关机构进行研究分析[5,9],2060年电力系统总发电量将达到1.57×1013 kW·h,而作为耗电大户的数据中心,当前已有许多文献对其碳中和路径进行了研究[2,6],但多从宏观总能耗层面展开,分析的颗粒度缺少细化,仍未涉及具体不同情景路径的分析。
为了探索实现中国数据中心碳达峰、碳中和目标的可行性路径,本文基于中国关键年份CO2排放和强度目标,结合中国中长期规划研究成果和相关文献,引入能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比、负排放技术强度3个变量,对数据中心关键年份耗电量及碳排放量进行分析,构建3种减排路径情景,以期为碳达峰、碳中和目标下数据中心中长期发展研究提供基础参考。
受新基建、数字化转型及数字中国远景目标等国家政策的促进及企业降本增效需求的驱动,我国数据中心建设持续增长。截至2021年底,我国在用数据中心机架规模近5年年均复合增速超过30%[10]。数据中心耗电量由此快速增加。
对于中国数据中心耗电量而言,从我国公开的统计数据看,众多研究机构的统计口径有所差异,为进一步厘清我国数据中心产业当前及未来一段时间内的耗电情况,综合对比了不同口径的总耗电量,结果如图1所示。
图1可知,数据中心耗电量增速整体呈降低趋势,2015—2017年,数据中心的耗电量增速逐渐减小但仍都在10%以上;2019—2030年间,其耗电量增速也呈逐渐减小的趋势,但其年均增速逐渐降至10%以下。至2025年,中国数据中心耗电量将达到2 945.8亿kW·h,2030年中国数据中心耗电量将达到4 115.3亿kW·h,约占全社会用电量的3.49%[4-5]
数据中心的耗电量直接来源于信息技术(information technology, IT)设备机架数的增长,因此,我们对全国数据中心机架发展情况进行了梳理分析,如图2所示。
图2可知,我国数据中心机架规模稳步增长,截至2021年底,我国在用数据中心机架规模达到520万架,近5年年均复合增速超过30%[10]。基于“十四五”规划提出的全社会数字化,数据中心大量扩容、扩建,根据现有统计数据及发展趋势,预计2025年中国数据中心机架数将达到1 212万架,2030年数据中心机架数将达到2 501万架。
数据中心节能审查和评价的关键指标是电能利用效率(power usage effectiveness, PUE),其数值越接近1,证明数据中心的能效利用水平越高。数据中心的设备总能耗主要包含IT设备能耗、冷却系统能耗、配电设备能耗及其他能耗。其中IT设备能耗、冷却系统能耗、配电设备能耗的变化会引起PUE显著变化[12]
根据国家发展改革委发布的《贯彻落实碳达峰碳中和目标要求推动数据中心和5G等新型基础设施绿色高质量发展实施方案》[13]的要求,至2025年,全国新建大型、超大型数据中心平均电能利用效率降至1.3以下,国家枢纽节点进一步降至1.25以下,而以往关于全国总体PUE的水平均有一定范围区间,说明由于PUE统计困难,多数较为笼统,因此,本文基于耗电量及机架数的数据,对全国PUE的总体情况进行计算,结果如图3所示,预计2024年之前全国数据中心的PUE可达到1.3,但从具体实践来看,计算数值偏低,这也从侧面反映了前述耗电量和机架数的统计存在一定偏差。但可以预见的是,随着液冷系统小型化的发展,数据中心的PUE会呈现逐渐下降的趋势。
若将上述耗电量(2025、2030年)折算成碳排放(即耗电量与全国电网平均碳排放因子的乘积),则可初步得到全国数据中心碳排放总量情况。其中,2015年全国电网平均碳排放因子为0.610 1 t CO2/(MW·h),2018年全国电网平均碳排放因子为0.59 t CO2/(MW·h)[14],2020年全国电网平均碳排放因子为0.583 9 t CO2/(MW·h),2021及2022年的全国电网平均碳排放因子定为0.581 0 t CO2/(MW·h)[15]。考虑到全国电网平均碳排放因子主要受能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比的影响,其影响因素和变化规律较为复杂,特别是考虑到后续电力能源结构动态调整,基于现有全国电网平均碳排放因子数据的预测结果偏离较大,无法直接采用。因此,为了评估数据中心碳排放总体概况,本节在不进一步考虑能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比的情况下,假定2023后续年份区间全国电网平均碳排放因子暂且不变,即2025、2030、2060年的全国电网平均碳排放因子均仍采用0.581 0 t CO2/(MW·h),对数据中心碳排放总量进行了初步核算。
由于当前不同机构对数据中心耗电量统计只到碳达峰年份(1.1节),因此还需要对2060年的数据中心总碳排放量进行核算。设定碳达峰年份中总碳排放值和负排放值的绝对值与碳中和年份中两值和是相等的,故2060年总碳排放量根据式(1)计算。
式中:|C2030总碳排值|已知,|C2030负排放值|可由全社会负排放量折算,|C2060负排放值|为2060年总碳排放量的函数。故可得2060年的总碳排放量,如图4所示。
图4可知,若按照碳排放因子为0.581 0 t CO2/(MW·h),2025年数据中心碳排放量约为1.71亿t,2030年数据中心碳排放量约为2.39亿t,但需要说明的是,实际上,全国电网平均碳排放因子在后续会随着非化石能源消费占比的增加逐渐降低,总体来看,数据中心碳排放值会比理论值偏低一些。
若以在运营阶段的数据中心为目标,其碳中和目标的实现离不开提高能效、非化石电力以及负排放技术的运用:1)能效提高技术是实现碳中和目标的关键,能效越高,同等条件下碳排放量越少。因此可以利用蒸发冷却技术[16]和自然冷源利用[17]等来提高能效。2)提高非化石电力占比是实现碳中和目的的必要条件之一,要大力发展可再生能源和新能源。3)负排放技术包括碳减和碳汇,其中碳减包括CO2减排、捕捉利用和封存等措施,碳汇为通过植树造林、植被恢复等措施,吸收大气中的CO2。在1.4节数据中心总碳排量的基础上,通过不同情景下能效提高和增加非化石能源利用占比,可得实际碳排放量,同时设定数据中心达到碳中和时,实际碳排放量与负排放量的绝对值相等,恰好中和,即碳排放为0。
本文仅针对数据中心在运营阶段产生的碳排放量进行计算,不包含在建造数据中心时的碳排放量。对于利用数据中心余热折算的碳减和使用应急柴油发电机及柴油等燃料产生的碳排放,在分析中,暂未将其计入数据中心碳排放量中。
以2060年为碳中和目标年,考虑数据中心能效提高、非化石能源消费占比以及负排放技术实施力度的不同,设计了基准、中等强度、高强度3类不同强度的碳中和情景。
基准、中等强度、高强度情景的2060年数据中心能效提高率设定为21%、22%、23%。对于中等强度情景,2025年非化石能源消费比例将达到20%[18],2030年非化石能源消费比例将达到25%[5],2060年非化石能源消费比例将达到80%。基准、中等强度、高强度3类不同强度的碳中和情景设置如表1所示。
全社会碳排放量在2030年以前以我国2015年在巴黎气候变化大会上承诺的碳减排力度为依据,2030年以后假设延续2020—2030年的碳减排力度[19],根据对相关文献及报告[20-22]的分析对比,基准情景全社会碳汇值和数据中心关键年份碳汇量如表2所示,负排放技术强度设置基准、中、高强度,数据中心负排放情况如表3所示。
针对上述3种情景设定,得出基准、中等强度、高强度3类不同强度的碳中和路线图,如图5所示。
基于上述3种情景,2020—2060年各情景的数据中心CO2排放总量趋势如图5所示,3种情景均可以在2060年之前实现碳中和。
图5可知,3种情景的碳达峰时间均在2030年,但由于不同情景下能效提高率、非化石电力占比不同,实际达峰时碳排放量也不同。在碳达峰阶段,3种情景中,数据中心碳排放量均在2030年达到最大值,在基准情景下的数据中心实际碳排放量为1.635亿t,相对于原来的总碳排放量减少了31.6%。对于中等强度情景和高强度情景,能效提高比和非化石能源消费占比也相对增加,负排放技术强度也相对增大,数据中心实际碳排放量分别降至1.578亿t、1.522亿t。
在3种情景下,数据中心总体均可以在2060年前实现碳中和,且在能效高、非化石能源消费占比较高的情景下更容易实现碳中和,碳中和的时间也会提前,依据上述情景设定,数据中心碳中和临界时间点分别为2059、2057、2055年,碳中和年份数据中心实际碳排放量分别为0.394亿t、0.460亿t、0.522亿t,可以看出,随着情景强度的增大,碳中和时所需减碳量降低速度增加,而同时负排放量增加较快,因此高强度情景更容易实现碳中和。但相对于其他情景,高强度情景中碳中和时实际碳排放量相对较大,相应的情景实现成本也较高。
在数据中心碳中和路径过程中,能效水平的提升是使用非化石能源和负排放技术的前提,而通过能源结构优化,提高非化石电力占比起主要减排作用。对于需24 h不间断运行的数据中心行业而言,在碳中和路径中,若不采用负排放技术,由于可变的可再生能源的波动性与间歇性,在极端天气下会存在停电风险,甚至有可能引起转型风险。结果显示,2025年负排放技术可以抵消约9%的碳排放量,2030年负排放技术可以抵消约13%的碳排放量。因此,负排放技术能够为以可再生能源为主的电力系统增加灵活性,负排放技术在未来数据中心实现碳中和的路径中不可或缺。
通过对全国数据中心总体情况的分析,开展了改变能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比、负排放技术强度的分析研究,得到如下结论:
1)对数据中心总体情况进行分析可知,随着数据中心大量地扩容和扩建,数据中心的耗电量会逐渐增加,至2030年中国数据中心耗电量预计将达到4 115.3亿kW·h;数据中心的机架数近5年年均复合增速超过30%,预计2025年中国数据中心机架数将达到1 212万架,2030年数据中心机架数将达到2 501万架;预计2024年之前全国数据中心的PUE可达到1.3,从具体实践来看,计算数值偏低;数据中心的碳排放量呈现先增后减的趋势,碳排放峰值年份为2030年,总碳排放量约为2.39亿t。
2)通过改变能效提高率、非化石电力占比和负排放技术强度,构建了基准、中等强度、高强度情景,对于这3种情景,数据中心总体均可以在2060年前实现碳中和,3种情景的碳中和临界时间点分别为2059、2057、2055年。在具体路径实施过程中,提高非化石能源占比起主要减排作用,负排放技术在未来数据中心实现碳中和的路径中不可或缺。
3)碳中和是我国未来重点发展方向,数据中心产业又是碳中和的重要分支,其减排过程受到广泛关注,在具体路径实施过程中,还需关注节能减碳技术在数据中心全生命周期建设运营中的应用、碳减排的相关制度和政策体系健全完善以及全面提升绿色可再生能源的利用水平。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51776004)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
探索构建双碳工作体系助力绿色数据中心建设与发展[EB/OL]. (2021-07-06) [2023-08-15]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw.
(Explore the construction of a dual-carbon working system help the construction and development of green data centers[EB/OL]. (2021-07-06) [2023-08-15]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw.)
[2]
陈鹏, 周兴, 晏佳惠. 碳中和背景下我国数据中心发展模式探索[J]. 科技广场, 2021(5): 48-56.
(CHEN Peng, ZHOU Xing, YAN Jiahui. An exploration of data center development models in China in the context of carbon neutrality[J]. Science Mosaic, 2021(5): 48-56.)
[3]
陈焕新, 张丽, 程亨达. 制冷、大数据、元宇宙漫谈[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(2): 28-38.
(CHEN Huanxin, ZHANG Li, CHENG Hengda. Exploring the nexus of refrigeration, big data, and metaverse[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(2): 28-38.)
[4]
中国电子技术标准化研究院. 《绿色数据中心白皮书(2019)》[R/OL]. (2019-05-16) [2023-08-15]. http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584.
(China Electronics Standardization Institute. Green data centers (2019)[R/OL]. (2019-05-16) [2023-08-15]. http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584.)
[5]
舒印彪, 张丽英, 张运洲, 等. 我国电力碳达峰、碳中和路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(6): 1-14.
(SHU Yinbiao, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Yunzhou, et al. Carbon peak and carbon neutrality path for China′s power industry[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(6): 1-14.)
[6]
张军华, 刘宇. 碳达峰碳中和目标下数据中心绿色低碳发展策略[J]. 信息技术与标准化, 2021(12): 7-12.
(ZHANG Junhua, LIU Yu. Green and low-carbon development strategy of data center under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals[J]. Information Technology & Standardization, 2021(12): 7-12.)
[7]
余碧莹, 赵光普, 安润颖, 等. 碳中和目标下中国碳排放路径研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 23(2): 17-24.
(YU Biying, ZHAO Guangpu, AN Runying, et al. Research on China′s CO2 emission pathway under carbon neutral target[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 23(2): 17-24.)
[8]
王灿, 孙若水, 张九天. 中国实现碳中和的支撑技术与路径[J]. China Economist, 2021, 16(5): 32-70.
(WANG Can, SUN Ruoshui, ZHANG Jiutian. Supportive technologies and roadmap for China′s carbon neutrality[J]. China Economist, 2021, 16(5): 32-70.)
[9]
李晖, 刘栋, 姚丹阳. 面向碳达峰碳中和目标的我国电力系统发展研判[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(18): 6245-6258.
(LI Hui, LIU Dong, YAO Danyang. Analysis and reflection on the development of power system towards the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(18): 6245-6258.)
[10]
中国信息通信研究院. 数据中心白皮书(2022年)[R/OL]. (2022-04-22) [2023-08-15]. http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm.
(China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. White book on data centers (2022)[R/OL]. (2022-04-22) [2023-08-15]. http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm.)
[11]
绿色和平, 华北电力大学. 《点亮绿色云端:中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究》[R/OL]. (2019-09-17) [2023-08-15]. https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-cityconsumption-and-renewable-energy/.
(Greenpeace, North China Electric Power University. Lighting the green cloud: research on energy consumption and renewable energy utilization potential of China′s data centers[R/OL]. (2019-09-17) [2023-08-15]. https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-city-consumption-and-renewable-energy/.)
[12]
程亨达, 陈焕新, 邵双全, 等. 数据中心冷却系统的综合COP评价[J]. 制冷学报, 2020, 41(6): 77-84.
(CHENG Hengda, CHEN Huanxin, SHAO Shuangquan, et al. Comprehensive COP evaluation system for energy efficiency of data center cooling system[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(6): 77-84.)
[13]
《贯彻落实碳达峰碳中和目标要求 推动数据中心和5G等新型基础设施绿色高质量发展实施方案》[EB/OL]. (2021-10-30) [2023-08-18]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123.
(Implementation plan for implementing the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets to promote green and high-quality development of data centers and new infrastructure such as 5G[EB/OL]. (2021-10-30) [2023-08-18]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123.)
[14]
龙惟定, 梁浩. 我国城市建筑碳达峰与碳中和路径探讨[J]. 暖通空调, 2021, 51(4): 1-17.
(LONG Weiding, LIANG Hao. Discussion on paths of carbon peak and carbon neutrality of urban buildings in China[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2021, 51(4): 1-17.)
[15]
生态环境部办公厅. 《关于做好2022年企业温室气体排放报告管理相关重点工作的通知》[EB/OL]. (2022-03-15) [2023-08-15]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html.
(General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Notice on the key work related to the management of greenhouse gas emission report in 2022[EB/OL]. (2022-03-15) [2023-08-15]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html.)
[16]
黄翔, 傅耀玮, 寇凡. 数据中心间接蒸发冷却空调机组二/一次风量比[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2022, 36(4): 34-39.
(HUANG Xiang, FU Yaowei, KOU Fan. Secondary/primary air volume ratio of indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning unit in data center[J]. Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, 2022, 36(4): 34-39.)
[17]
周峰, 申超亚, 马国远, 等. 数据中心混合工质氟泵自然冷却系统性能分析[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2022, 36(4): 40-46.
(ZHOU Feng, SHEN Chaoya, MA Guoyuan, et al. Thermal performance of refrigerant pump-driven free cooling system for data centers with mixed refrigerant[J]. Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University, 2022, 36(4): 40-46.)
[18]
《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》[EB/OL]. (2022-01-29) [2023-08-15]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123.
(14th Five-Year Plan for modern energy system[EB/OL]. (2022-01-29) [2023-08-15]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123.)
[19]
张希良, 黄晓丹, 张达, 等. 碳中和目标下的能源经济转型路径与政策研究[J]. 管理世界, 2022, 38(1): 35-51.
(ZHANG Xiliang, HUANG Xiaodan, ZHANG Da, et al. Research on the transformation path and policy of energy economy under the target of carbon neutralization[J]. Management World, 2022, 38(1): 35-51.)
[20]
李继峰, 郭焦锋, 高世楫, 等. 我国实现2060年前碳中和目标的路径分析[J]. 发展研究, 2021, 38(4): 37-47.
(LI Jifeng, GUO Jiaofeng, GAO Shiji, et al. Path analysis of China′s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060[J]. Development Research, 2021, 38(4): 37-47.)
[21]
项目综合报告编写组. 《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》综合报告[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.
(Project comprehensive report wri-ting group. Comprehensive report on China′s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transformation path[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.)
[22]
WANG Jing, FENG Liang, PALMER P I, et al. Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data[J]. Nature, 2020, 586: 720-723.
2025年第46卷第1期
PDF下载
111
50
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
  • 接收时间:2023-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-02-16
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18
  • 修回日期:2023-11-27
  • 录用日期:2023-11-27
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51776004)
国家自然科学基金(51776004)
作者信息
    北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系 北京 100124

通讯作者:

周峰,男,校聘教授,北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系,13426312128,E-mail:。研究方向:制冷空调能源利用与环境控制技术,数据中心低碳节能技术,绿色建筑节能技术,相变传热与流动,制冷剂工质环保替代等。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏