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Article(id=1239211863339233772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1693411200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-31, revisedDate=1699977600000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-15, acceptedDate=1702310400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-12, onlineDate=1773380731663, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1739635200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773380731663, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773380731663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773380731663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239211861397270994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773380731200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773384112372, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239226043106652320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239211861397270994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239211863561531894, articleId=1239211863339233772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Refrigeration Characteristics of R448A and R404A in High- and Low-Temperature Test Chambers, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The refrigeration systems in high- and low-temperature test chambers face challenges of high energy consumption and low efficiency. This study developed an enhanced vapor injection system in a test chamber and conducted experiments using R448A and R404A refrigerants to improve the system efficiency and ensure its alignment with low-carbon environmental goals. The impact of refrigerant charge amounts and compressor frequencies on system performance was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the R404A and R448A systems initially increased and then decreased with increasing refrigerant charge amounts. The R448A system demonstrated an 11.3% higher maximum cooling capacity and a 10.4% higher COP than the R404A system. In addition, the compressor power consumption of the R448A system was lower than that of the R404A system. At a refrigerant charge amount of 2.0 kg, the R448A system consumed 7.5% less power than the R404A system. The refrigeration capacity of the R448A system exhibited a 7.7% higher increase compared with that of the R404A system, whereas the compressor power consumption increase was 1.9% lower than that of the R404A system.

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Wang Zilong, male, Ph. D., associate professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 86-21-55275542, E-mail: . Research fields: phase change thermal storage technology, solar energy utilization technology, low-grade energy utilization and energy conservation, refrigeration air-conditioning and heat pump technology.
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目前高低温试验箱制冷系统存在能耗高和制冷效率低的问题。为了提高系统运行效率并符合低碳环保的发展方向，搭建了高低温试验箱补气增焓系统，并选取新型制冷剂R448A和R404A进行实验研究，研究了不同制冷剂充注量和压缩机频率对制冷系统性能的影响。实验结果表明：随着充注量的增加，R404A和R448A系统的制冷量和COP均先升高后减小，R448A系统的最大制冷量和COP分别比R404A系统高11.3%和10.4%；R448A系统的功耗均小于R404A系统，在充注量为2.0 kg时，R448A系统的功耗比R404A系统低7.5%。随着压缩机频率的增加，压缩机功耗和制冷量均增大，R448A制冷量的增幅比R404A高7.7%，而压缩机功耗的增幅比R404A低1.9%。

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王子龙，男，博士，副教授，上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，021-55275542，E-mail：。研究方向：相变蓄热技术，太阳能利用技术，节能与低品位能源利用，制冷空调热泵技术。
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Analysis and application of flow field characteristics of high-low temperature test chamber based on special working conditions[D]. 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language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Effect of compressor frequency on COP of R404A and R448A systems, figureFileSmall=r6Yhvu89NPxoD/GYmn5FbQ==, figureFileBig=lBJ3L7twZwKcPyMbP24/hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224535610872032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211863339233772, language=CN, label=图14, caption=压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统COP影响, figureFileSmall=r6Yhvu89NPxoD/GYmn5FbQ==, figureFileBig=lBJ3L7twZwKcPyMbP24/hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239224535682175202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211863339233772, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Evaporation temperature at different refrigerant charge of compressor at 60 Hz frequency, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
充注量/kg蒸发温度/℃
R404AR448A
2.0-47.41-46.52
2.2-46.70-46.01
2.4-46.57-44.43
2.6-46.09-43.64
2.8-45.83-43.50
3.0-45.18-42.30
3.2-45.09-41.65
3.4-45.46-41.88
), ArticleFig(id=1239224535837364451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211863339233772, language=CN, label=表1, caption=压缩机频率为60 Hz时不同充注量下的蒸发温度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
充注量/kg蒸发温度/℃
R404AR448A
2.0-47.41-46.52
2.2-46.70-46.01
2.4-46.57-44.43
2.6-46.09-43.64
2.8-45.83-43.50
3.0-45.18-42.30
3.2-45.09-41.65
3.4-45.46-41.88
), ArticleFig(id=1239224535950610661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211863339233772, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Evaporation temperature of different compressor frequencies with refrigerant charge of 2.4 kg, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
压缩机频率/Hz蒸发温度/℃
R404AR448A
40-40.84-39.48
50-44.34-42.23
60-46.57-44.43
70-48.86-46.35
80-50.58-48.33
), ArticleFig(id=1239224536135160040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239211863339233772, language=CN, label=表2, caption=充注量为2.4 kg时不同压缩机频率的蒸发温度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
压缩机频率/Hz蒸发温度/℃
R404AR448A
40-40.84-39.48
50-44.34-42.23
60-46.57-44.43
70-48.86-46.35
80-50.58-48.33
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R448A和R404A在高低温试验箱中的制冷特性研究
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刘知昊 1 , 王子龙 1 , 张华 1 , 郜文静 1 , 田子傲 2 , 胡常青 3 , 杨斌 3
制冷学报 | 2025,46(1): 116-123
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(1): 116-123
R448A和R404A在高低温试验箱中的制冷特性研究
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刘知昊1, 王子龙1 , 张华1, 郜文静1, 田子傲2, 胡常青3, 杨斌3
作者信息
  • 1上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093
  • 2中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所　上海　200050
  • 3上海铂世光半导体科技有限公司　上海　201700

通讯作者:

王子龙，男，博士，副教授，上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，021-55275542，E-mail：。研究方向：相变蓄热技术，太阳能利用技术，节能与低品位能源利用，制冷空调热泵技术。
Refrigeration Characteristics of R448A and R404A in High- and Low-Temperature Test Chambers
Zhihao Liu1, Zilong Wang1 , Hua Zhang1, Wenjing Gao1, Ziao Tian2, Changqing Hu3, Bin Yang3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
  • 2.Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
  • 3.Shanghai Worldiray Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201700, China
出版时间: 2025-02-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116
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摘要
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目前高低温试验箱制冷系统存在能耗高和制冷效率低的问题。为了提高系统运行效率并符合低碳环保的发展方向，搭建了高低温试验箱补气增焓系统，并选取新型制冷剂R448A和R404A进行实验研究，研究了不同制冷剂充注量和压缩机频率对制冷系统性能的影响。实验结果表明：随着充注量的增加，R404A和R448A系统的制冷量和COP均先升高后减小，R448A系统的最大制冷量和COP分别比R404A系统高11.3%和10.4%；R448A系统的功耗均小于R404A系统，在充注量为2.0 kg时，R448A系统的功耗比R404A系统低7.5%。随着压缩机频率的增加，压缩机功耗和制冷量均增大，R448A制冷量的增幅比R404A高7.7%，而压缩机功耗的增幅比R404A低1.9%。

The refrigeration systems in high- and low-temperature test chambers face challenges of high energy consumption and low efficiency. This study developed an enhanced vapor injection system in a test chamber and conducted experiments using R448A and R404A refrigerants to improve the system efficiency and ensure its alignment with low-carbon environmental goals. The impact of refrigerant charge amounts and compressor frequencies on system performance was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the R404A and R448A systems initially increased and then decreased with increasing refrigerant charge amounts. The R448A system demonstrated an 11.3% higher maximum cooling capacity and a 10.4% higher COP than the R404A system. In addition, the compressor power consumption of the R448A system was lower than that of the R404A system. At a refrigerant charge amount of 2.0 kg, the R448A system consumed 7.5% less power than the R404A system. The refrigeration capacity of the R448A system exhibited a 7.7% higher increase compared with that of the R404A system, whereas the compressor power consumption increase was 1.9% lower than that of the R404A system.

刘知昊, 王子龙, 张华, 郜文静, 田子傲, 胡常青, 杨斌. R448A和R404A在高低温试验箱中的制冷特性研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116
Zhihao Liu, Zilong Wang, Hua Zhang, Wenjing Gao, Ziao Tian, Changqing Hu, Bin Yang. Refrigeration Characteristics of R448A and R404A in High- and Low-Temperature Test Chambers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (1) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116
正文
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高低温试验箱是用来检测航空航天、军事、汽车等领域电子产品和零部件环境适应性的重要实验设备，以确保产品的安全性和可靠性[1-2]。它既可提供高温环境，又能提供低温环境，还能在一定范围内控制湿度，可测试产品在加热过程、冷却过程或高低温环境下的性能[3-4]。目前高低温试验箱制冷系统能耗较高，制冷效率低，在制冷领域，要实现碳中和的目标[5-7]，必须降低制冷系统的能耗，并且积极寻找和研制低GWP (Global Warming Potential，全球变暖潜值)的新型环保制冷剂[8-9]。
为提高高低温试验箱系统运行效率，符合低碳环保的发展方向，国内外学者在压缩机、制冷剂替代以及中间参数对性能的影响等方面对补气增焓系统进行了深入研究。
Jin Xu等[10]研究了中间喷气对两级压缩热泵系统性能的影响。结果表明，中间压力随着中间喷气量的增加先快速升高，后缓慢上升；喷气过程使制热量和COP分别增加8%~15%、5%~12%。孙云龙等[11]分析了不同工况下喷气比、经济器效能以及制冷剂种类对热泵性能的影响，发现COP (coefficient of performance，性能系数)随经济器效能的增大而增大。王家正等[12]研究了带闪发补气的家用空气源热泵热水器实验系统。结果表明，相同水量和初始、结束温度下，补气系统的加热时间较单级系统缩短20.1%。陈道川等[13]研究了与补气增焓循环耦合的低温型直膨式太阳能热泵系统。结果表明，在环境温度分别为-10、-20 ℃时，系统COP可达到3.79和3.69。P. Makhnatch等[14]用R449A替代R404A进行研究，发现R449A系统COP与R404A系统非常接近，但排放温度高于R404A系统，冷却能力较低。周光辉等[15]对补气型和非补气型热泵空调系统的性能进行分析。研究表明，在环境温度为-20 ℃时，带补气的热泵空调系统比不补气的制热量提高54.98%，COP提高了41.2%。丁明青等[16]研究了不同工况下有无经济器补气对螺杆压缩机系统性能的影响。研究表明，蒸发温度为-30 ℃时，与不带经济器补气的系统相比，带经济器的螺杆压缩机系统的制冷量、COP和压缩机功耗分别增大了43.2%、27.1%、18.2%。任立乾等[17]在涡旋压缩机系统中用低GWP制冷剂R448A和R449A替代R404A并进行对比分析。结果表明，在相同工况下，R448A和R449A系统的质量流量比R404A系统低，排气温度比R404A系统高，且制冷能力降低。
综上所述，目前高低温试验箱制冷系统能耗较高，制冷方式多为单级压缩制冷、双级压缩制冷和复叠式制冷，能耗较高，制冷效率低[18-19]。常用的R404A的ODP (ozone depletion potential，臭氧损耗潜值)为0，GWP为3 920；而R448A的ODP也为0，GWP为1 387，比R404A低64.6%。因此，R448A在全球变暖潜能方面比R404A要低，有助于减少对气候的不利影响，且目前缺少对制冷剂R448A在高低温试验箱设备中的研究。本文搭建了高低温试验箱补气增焓系统，选取R448A和R404A制冷剂研究不同制冷剂充注量和压缩机频率下制冷系统性能的优劣。
1 实验系统设计与搭建
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高低温试验箱如图1所示，主要分为两层：上层为工作室、循环风道和控制柜；下层为制冷系统和加湿系统。实验台的供电方式为三相380 V/50 Hz的交流电源，并设置了电源保护开关。高低温试验箱的隔热层和制冷系统管路用聚氨酯泡沫填充，以确保试验箱的保温性能。
高低温试验箱补气增焓系统主要组成部件有：变频压缩机、冷凝器、干燥过滤器、中间冷却器、蒸发器和毛细管。实验系统如图2所示。图中T、P分别为温度测点和压力测点。
高低温试验箱结构如图3所示，蒸发器和电加热器均设置在循环风道中，通过电加热器和制冷系统来控制箱体升温和降温，在循环风机的作用下不断进行送风和回风。循环风道采用上出风、下回风结构，出风口采用百叶窗式出风方式，回风口采用栅格回风方式[20]。箱门上设有观察窗，选用中空钢化玻璃材质，并在四周布置发热丝对玻璃进行加热，以免低温导致玻璃结霜影响观察[21]。触摸屏和控制开关设计在门外侧，通过其控制试验箱的开关和箱内温度的调节。
2 补气增焓系统性能计算
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补气增焓系统原理如图4所示。由图4(b)可知，补气增焓制冷系统通过中间冷却器实现了主路制冷剂与辅路制冷剂的热交换，增大了主路制冷剂的过冷度和蒸发器进出口的焓差，提高了系统的制冷量。
中间压力：
压缩机功耗：
系统制冷量：
制冷性能系数(COP):
降温速率：
式中：pm、p0、pk分别为中间压力、蒸发压力、冷凝压力，kPa；qmd、qmg为吸气管路、排气管路制冷剂质量流量，kg/s；ηs为压缩机等熵效率；me为吸气管路质量流量，kg/s；q0为单位质量制冷量，kJ/kg；Q0为系统制冷量，kW；W为压缩机功耗，kW；为平均降温速率，℃/min；T1为最低规定温度，℃；T2为最高规定温度，℃；t为从温度范围的90%降至10%所需要的降温时间，min。
3 实验过程与结果分析
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研究了环境温度为20 ℃、压缩机频率为60 Hz时制冷剂充注量(2.0~3.4 kg)和环境温度为20 ℃、制冷剂充注量为2.4 kg时压缩机频率(40~80 Hz)对R404A和R448A系统中间压力、制冷量、COP、压缩机功耗、降温速率的影响。其中高低温试验箱的设定温度为-40 ℃，压缩机的标准充注量为3.0 kg，实验中的蒸发温度分别如表1和表2所示。
实验过程：首先对系统进行保压、抽真空处理，打开焓差实验室控制开关，将环境温度设为20 ℃，以0.2 kg为梯度依次充入2.0~3.4 kg的R404A/R448A制冷剂，将压缩机频率设为60 Hz，使箱体内温度从50 ℃降至-40 ℃，并在-40 ℃下稳定运行30 min，记录实验数据；将环境温度设为20 ℃分别充入R404A/R448A制冷剂2.4 kg，以10 Hz为梯度改变压缩机频率为40~80 Hz，重复上述实验，记录实验数据。
3.1 中间压力
充注量对R404A和R448A系统中间压力影响如图5所示，随着充注量的增加两个系统的中间压力均逐渐增大。这是由于充注量增加，导致系统质量流量增大，使蒸发压力升高，从而引起中间压力升高。当充注量由2.0 kg增至3.0 kg时，R404A和R448A系统的中间压力分别增加了12%、8.56%。此外，在充注量为2.0 kg时，R404A系统的中间压力比R448A系统高24.2%，而随着充注量的增加，两个系统之间的差异逐渐减小，充注量为3.0 kg时减小至20.9%。压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统中间压力影响如图6所示。由图6可知，R404A和R448A系统中间压力均随着压缩机频率的增大而逐渐升高。这是由于压缩机频率增大，压缩机转速增加，吸气量增大，从而导致中间压力的增加。压缩机频率在40~80 Hz变化过程中，R404A和R448A系统的中间压力分别增大18.27%、9.39%，在压缩机频率为80 Hz时R404A的中间压力比R448A系统高25.7%。由图5和图6可知，R404A系统的中间压力始终大于R448A系统。这是因为R404A由R125(44%，质量分数)、R143a(52%)和R134a(4%)混合而成，而R448A是由R32(26%)、R125(26%)和R134a(48%)混合而成的制冷剂，R125具有较高的气体密度，由于R404A中R125的占比大于R448A，导致R404A系统的中间压力始终高于R448A系统。
3.2 制冷量
充注量对R404A和R448A系统制冷量影响如图7所示。由图7可知，R404A和R448A系统的制冷量均随充注量的增加先增大后减小。这是由于制冷剂充注量较少时，系统质量流量相对较少，导致制冷剂在蒸发器和冷凝器中的传热量较小，制冷效率低，所以制冷量较小；制冷剂充注量继续增加，系统质量流量增大，蒸发器有效传热面积增大，制冷效率提高，制冷量逐渐增大；当充注量继续增加时，超过一定的充注量，系统的运行性能可能会受到限制，蒸发温度升高，传热温差减小，多余的制冷剂液体会积聚在冷凝器和蒸发器中，减小了蒸发器的有效传热面积，所以制冷量减小。充注量由2.0 kg增至3.4 kg，R448A系统的最大制冷量为998.1 W，R404A系统的最大制冷量为896.6 W，R448A系统的制冷量比R404A系统高11.3%。压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统制冷量影响如图8所示。由图8可知，随着压缩机频率的增加，制冷量逐渐增大。这是由于压缩机频率的增加使转速增加，吸气量增加，蒸发器中出来的气体制冷剂变多，蒸发器与外界的换热量增大，所以系统制冷量增加。压缩机频率由40 Hz增至80 Hz，R448A系统的制冷量从754.0 W升至943.6 W，增加了25.2%；而R404A系统的制冷量由743.0 W升至872.8 W，增加了17.5%。在图7和图8中，R448A系统的制冷量始终大于R404A系统，这是因为R448A系统的蒸发潜热值大于R404A系统，使R448A系统的制冷量较大。
3.3 压缩机功耗
充注量对R404A和R448A系统压缩机功耗的影响如图9所示。由图9可知，随着制冷剂充注量由2.0 kg增至3.4 kg，R404A和R448A系统功耗均逐渐增大。这是因为制冷剂充注量增加，压缩机的质量流量增大，导致压缩机功耗增加。随着充注量的增加，R404A和R448A系统的压缩机功耗差距逐渐减小。在充注量为2.0 kg时，R404A系统的功耗比R448A系统高7.5%；而在充注量为3.4 kg时，该差距降至0.04%。压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统压缩机功耗的影响如图10所示。由图10可知，压缩机功耗随着压缩机频率的增加而增大。因为压缩机频率增加，转速变快，从而导致功耗增加。压缩机频率由40 Hz增至80 Hz时，R448A系统压缩机功耗由382.5 W升至557.9 W，上升了45.8%；R404A系统压缩机功耗由404.0 W升至596.5 W，上升了47.7%。在压缩机频率为80 Hz时两系统差异最大，R404A的压缩机功耗比R448A系统高6.48%。在图9和图10中，R448A系统的压缩机功耗始终小于R404A系统，这是因为在相同充注量情况下R404A系统的蒸发温度始终低于R448A系统，较低的蒸发温度在相同工况下，造成压缩机功耗较高，导致在相同充注量下R448A系统的压缩机功耗始终小于R404A系统。
3.4 降温速率
充注量对R404A和R448A系统降温速率影响如图11所示。由图11可知，随着充注量的增加R404A和R448A系统的降温速率均先增大后减小。因为制冷剂充注量过多时，蒸发温度升高，传热温差减小，蒸发器与环境之间的换热量减少，系统制冷能力下降，降温速率减慢，所以很难降至设定温度。R448A系统的最大降温速率为1.8 ℃/min，R404A系统的最大降温速率为2.3 ℃/min，因此，R448A系统的降温速率比R404A系统低21.9%。压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统降温速率影响如图12所示。由图12可知，R404A和R448A系统的降温速率随着压缩机频率的增加而均逐渐升高。这是由于压缩机频率越高，压缩机吸气量越大，因此蒸发器与外界的换热量增加，系统的冷却能力提升，从而导致降温速率加快。压缩机频率由40 Hz增至80 Hz过程中，R404A系统始终高于R448A系统的降温速率，在40 Hz时高于18.0%，80 Hz时增至高于37.9%。在图11和图12中，R404A系统的降温速率始终大于R448A系统，这是由于在相同制冷剂充注量下，R404A的蒸发温度要低于R448A，当制冷剂充注量均为2.0 kg时，R404A和R448A的蒸发温度分别为-47.41 ℃、-46.52 ℃，而当制冷剂充注量增至3.0 kg时，R404A和R448A的蒸发温度分别升至-45.18 ℃、-42.30 ℃，故导致在相同充注量下R404A系统的降温速率更高。
3.5 制冷系数(COP)
充注量对R404A和R448A系统制冷量影响如图13所示。由图13可知，随着充注量的增加，制冷剂的循环量增加，系统的传热和传质效果改善，系统质量流量增大，蒸发器有效传热面积增大，制冷效率提高，COP逐渐增大；但制冷剂充注至一定量后，蒸发温度升高，传热温差减小，多余的制冷剂液体会积聚在冷凝器和蒸发器中，减小了蒸发器的有效传热面积，所以COP减小。R404A系统的最大COP为1.7，R448A系统的最大COP为1.9，R448A系统的COP比R404A系统高10.4%。R404A和R448A系统COP均随充注量的增加先增大后减小。这是由于当充注量较低时，制冷系统内的制冷剂循环量相对较少，导致系统的传热和传质效果较差，换热量变小，制冷效率较低；压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统COP影响如图14所示。由图14可知，随着压缩机频率的升高，R404A和R448A系统COP均逐渐降低。这是由于随着压缩机频率的增大，制冷量和压缩机功耗均逐渐增加，但制冷量的增长速率小于压缩机功耗的增长速率，所以系统COP不断减小。在压缩机频率为80 Hz时R448A系统COP比R404A系统高10.4%。在图13和图14中，R448A系统COP始终大于R404A系统COP。这是因为R448A系统具有较高的蒸发潜热值，制冷效果比R404A系统更好。
4 结论
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本文设计搭建了补气增焓制冷系统实验台，选取高低温试验箱中的新型环保制冷剂R448A和R404A进行对比研究，在环境温度为20 ℃下分析了充注量、压缩机频率对R404A和R448A系统的影响，得到如下结论：
1）在压缩机频率为60 Hz条件下进行实验，系统制冷量和COP随着制冷剂充注量的增加先增大后减小，且R448A的增幅大于R404A。当制冷剂充注量由2.0 kg增至3.4 kg时，R448A系统的最大制冷量和COP分别比R404A系统高11.3%和10.4%。
2）在压缩机频率为60 Hz条件下进行实验，压缩机功耗随着制冷剂充注量的增加而增大，R448A的功耗均小于R404A，在充注量为2.0 kg时，R448A系统的功耗比R404A系统低7.5%。
3）在制冷剂充注量为2.4 kg条件下进行实验，压缩机功耗和制冷量均随频率的升高而增大，R448A制冷量的增幅比R404A高7.7%，而压缩机功耗的增幅比R404A低1.9%，且在压缩机频率为80 Hz时两系统功耗差异最大，R404A的压缩机功耗比R448A系统高6.48%
基金
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  • 上海市自然科学基金(20ZR1438600)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX20213100003002)
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116
  • 接收时间：2023-08-31
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2025-02-16
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-31
  • 修回日期：2023-11-15
  • 录用日期：2023-12-12
基金
Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(20ZR1438600)
上海市自然科学基金(20ZR1438600)
Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(YDZX20213100003002)
中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX20213100003002)
作者信息
    1上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093
    2中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所　上海　200050
    3上海铂世光半导体科技有限公司　上海　201700

通讯作者:

王子龙，男，博士，副教授，上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，021-55275542，E-mail：。研究方向：相变蓄热技术，太阳能利用技术，节能与低品位能源利用，制冷空调热泵技术。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.116
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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