Article(id=1239175129859674756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.162, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=1713888000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-24, acceptedDate=1716307200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-22, onlineDate=1773371973719, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371973719, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371973719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371973719, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=162, endPage=170, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175130081972874, articleId=1239175129859674756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Application of Transcritical CO
2 System with Ejector in Large Cold Store, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Large cold storage systems play a significant role in economic development with substantial energy consumption and environmental impacts. To promote the green, low-carbon, and efficient development of cold storage, this study mainly focuses on refrigerant substitution, refrigeration system optimization, and the application of transcritical CO2 systems with ejectors in large cold storage systems. The performance and energy consumption characteristics of different refrigeration systems were compared through a comprehensive annual hourly energy consumption analysis based on the cold storage demands at different temperatures and under various climatic conditions. The results show that the COPs of a transcritical CO2 system integrated with specifically optimized ejectors are higher than that of the R507A system in all four cities for low-temperature (-32 ℃), medium-temperature (-8 ℃), and high-temperature (0 ℃) cold storages. However, it exhibited performance advantages over the R717 system only in cold climate zones, with the highest system COPs of 2.45, 4.86, and 5.98 for low, medium, and high-temperature cold storages, respectively. Considering the system′s annual energy consumption, the application of CO2 transcritical systems in low, medium, and high-temperature cold storages in Beijing achieved energy savings of 7.9%, 10.1%, and 10.5%, respectively, compared to the R507A system. The energy savings of the R717 system were slightly higher than that of the CO2 system in low-temperature cold storage, but the CO2 system had more obvious advantages in medium- and high-temperature cold storage. The energy consumption of the CO2 transcritical system also varied across climate zones. In the cold climate zone, the energy savings reached 9.3%, outperforming the R717 system, while in the hot climate zone, its energy savings dropped to 2.8%, slightly lower than that of R717. With the appropriate selection of temperature range and climate zone, the overall operational efficiency and energy-saving performance of the transcritical CO2 system can surpass those of the R717 system. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the operational performance and energy consumption distribution characteristics of the CO2 system and highlighted its applicability in different scenarios, providing important references for promoting and applying the system, which is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals.
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Tian Jian, male, Ph. D., Qingdao Haier Carrier Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., 86-15800762296, E-mail:
jian.tian@carrier.com. Research fields: refrigeration and equipment, energy-saving technology.
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2系统在大型冷库中的应用, columnId=0, journalTitle=制冷学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
大型冷库在经济发展中具有重要作用,其能耗和环境影响巨大。为了推动冷库的绿色低碳高效发展,主要以制冷剂替代和制冷系统优化为出发点,研究带喷射器的跨临界CO2系统在大型冷库中的应用。基于大型冷库的应用场景,综合考虑不同温区的负荷需求以及不同的气象条件,通过全年逐时能耗分析,获得了带喷射器跨临界CO2系统在特定运行条件下的性能表现和能耗特性。集成了特定优化设计喷射器的CO2跨临界系统,对低温冷库(-32 ℃)、中温冷库(-8 ℃)和高温冷库(0 ℃)的大型冷库,在所有4个城市中的系统COP均优于R507A系统,但要在寒冷气候区域才能对R717系统显示出性能优势,在低温、中温和高温冷库中系统COP最高值分别为2.45、4.86、5.98;考虑系统全年能耗,在北京CO2跨临界系统应用于低温、中温和高温冷库,相对于R507A系统分别可实现7.9%、10.1%和10.5%的节能效果,R717系统用于低温冷库的节能率略高于CO2系统;但对中高温冷库,CO2系统的优势更加明显;不同气候区域对CO2跨临界系统的能耗分布也有影响,CO2系统在寒冷气候区域的节能效率可达9.3%,优于R717系统;而在炎热气候区域,其节能效率降至2.8%,略低于R717,因此,合理选用温区和气候区域,CO2跨临界系统的整体运行效率和节能性能可优于R717系统。对比分析了带喷射器跨临界CO2系统的能耗分布规律,指出其在不同应用场景下的适用性,为该系统的推广应用提供了重要参考,对实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。
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2 refrigeration system with multi-ejectors installed in a supermarket, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239175135320658763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239175135329047372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, companyId=1239175135320658763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingdao Haier Carrier Refrigeration Equipment Co, Ltd, Qingdao, 266500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239175135345824589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, companyId=1239175135320658763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青岛海尔开利冷冻设备有限公司 青岛 266500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239175136050467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic of the ejector, figureFileSmall=SuhqklNmHwnjU0a212Fhcw==, figureFileBig=JPMPasadzxOCWkLwKrLJ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136146936701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
喷射器示意图, figureFileSmall=SuhqklNmHwnjU0a212Fhcw==, figureFileBig=JPMPasadzxOCWkLwKrLJ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136344069000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Basic R744 transcritical cycle with ejector, figureFileSmall=hCag+xJJns+o5V3PGSAUrg==, figureFileBig=FE3V+avQtSXR3NEd8RdJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136432149389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
带喷射器的基本R744跨临界循环, figureFileSmall=hCag+xJJns+o5V3PGSAUrg==, figureFileBig=FE3V+avQtSXR3NEd8RdJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136511841168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Refrigeration system principle of solution 1, figureFileSmall=eUcyTo235nysA+LgGTdePg==, figureFileBig=SnkA9MZ501P6W2EmjE95iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136599921556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
方案1制冷系统原理, figureFileSmall=eUcyTo235nysA+LgGTdePg==, figureFileBig=SnkA9MZ501P6W2EmjE95iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136704779164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Refrigeration system principle of solution 3, figureFileSmall=DHD537WDmawEkJv//zihrg==, figureFileBig=E/naFDsrCRyE+aNmwAY6kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175136792859551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
方案3制冷系统原理, figureFileSmall=DHD537WDmawEkJv//zihrg==, figureFileBig=E/naFDsrCRyE+aNmwAY6kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138223117218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Single-stage transcritical ejector cycle, figureFileSmall=A3c7garpcYpv+YX7IiLN3A==, figureFileBig=mEVwVMyI6Lh/ou2FlRky3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138340557735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
单级跨临界喷射器循环, figureFileSmall=A3c7garpcYpv+YX7IiLN3A==, figureFileBig=mEVwVMyI6Lh/ou2FlRky3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138437026730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Monthly average temperatures in different cities, figureFileSmall=vK/Cz13LTFvRECyRZUGwRg==, figureFileBig=Ms64J7u5/BUYpVZwVImUBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138562855858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同城市年度月平均气温, figureFileSmall=vK/Cz13LTFvRECyRZUGwRg==, figureFileBig=Ms64J7u5/BUYpVZwVImUBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138759988154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The system COP of solution in different cities, figureFileSmall=QdRelbfkw4g8GaB1JqBJrg==, figureFileBig=OoILcshJ9cMTtownRDefeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138848068543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
制冷方案在不同城市的性能系数, figureFileSmall=QdRelbfkw4g8GaB1JqBJrg==, figureFileBig=OoILcshJ9cMTtownRDefeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138927760324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Monthly energy consumption of low-temperature cold storage, figureFileSmall=joINYF6lecT73wm+aL1wUw==, figureFileBig=3MhBBubDxjMvM4pQv3rVMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175138999063498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
低温冷库月度能耗, figureFileSmall=joINYF6lecT73wm+aL1wUw==, figureFileBig=3MhBBubDxjMvM4pQv3rVMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139103921102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Monthly energy consumption of medium-temperature cold storage, figureFileSmall=FRXvOHArgHKILYsRe/fb6Q==, figureFileBig=CSI2YhcTmHjkiAJLInP6MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139187807185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
中温冷库月度能耗, figureFileSmall=FRXvOHArgHKILYsRe/fb6Q==, figureFileBig=CSI2YhcTmHjkiAJLInP6MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139275887575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Monthly energy consumption of high-temperature cold storage, figureFileSmall=7Tqrk/oCYpyOL41lw1WLUQ==, figureFileBig=Xq8+3G6SGzK5ILFZQ5TvAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139376550880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
高温冷库月度能耗, figureFileSmall=7Tqrk/oCYpyOL41lw1WLUQ==, figureFileBig=Xq8+3G6SGzK5ILFZQ5TvAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139477214181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Total monthly energy consumption of solution 1 in different cities, figureFileSmall=b5TrwCZ8cyMR7d8I19iwRw==, figureFileBig=Kd4EyjhBC3ezpMsV21PDCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139582071787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
方案1在不同城市的月度总能耗, figureFileSmall=b5TrwCZ8cyMR7d8I19iwRw==, figureFileBig=Kd4EyjhBC3ezpMsV21PDCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139657569264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Total monthly energy consumption of solution 2 in different cities, figureFileSmall=/IVeKp8WvtRD6Ms5qe0eyQ==, figureFileBig=QSJaoGBmrmWCbMbVqRPveg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139754038267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
方案2在不同城市的月度总能耗, figureFileSmall=/IVeKp8WvtRD6Ms5qe0eyQ==, figureFileBig=QSJaoGBmrmWCbMbVqRPveg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139846311938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Total monthly energy consumption of solution 3 in different cities, figureFileSmall=CBghZuHc/R2M/HCnILI5gQ==, figureFileBig=KBSvhWTclqAsLkaIfrKh2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175139930198023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
方案3在不同城市的月度总能耗, figureFileSmall=CBghZuHc/R2M/HCnILI5gQ==, figureFileBig=KBSvhWTclqAsLkaIfrKh2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175140009889807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Total annual energy consumption in different cities, figureFileSmall=YsY3DUVR6J6ZweFnAje7rA==, figureFileBig=lWvHu7sHKi5eNn6QxLXz8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175140110553111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
不同城市年度总能耗, figureFileSmall=YsY3DUVR6J6ZweFnAje7rA==, figureFileBig=lWvHu7sHKi5eNn6QxLXz8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175140202827806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Parameters of cold storage, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 温区 | 功能区 | 面积/m2 | 蒸发温度/℃ | 制冷量/kW |
|---|
| 低温 | 低温、变温冷藏区 | 21 316 | -32 | 1 897.97 |
| 中温 | 高温冷藏区 | 1 817 | -8 | 545.97 |
| 高温 | 穿堂 | 5 706 | 0 | 1 117.70 |
| 合计 | | 28 839 | | 3 561.63 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175140307685417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
冷库基本参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 温区 | 功能区 | 面积/m2 | 蒸发温度/℃ | 制冷量/kW |
|---|
| 低温 | 低温、变温冷藏区 | 21 316 | -32 | 1 897.97 |
| 中温 | 高温冷藏区 | 1 817 | -8 | 545.97 |
| 高温 | 穿堂 | 5 706 | 0 | 1 117.70 |
| 合计 | | 28 839 | | 3 561.63 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175140395765805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Solutions of cold storage, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 冷库 | 机组系统 |
|---|
| 方案1 | 方案2 | 方案3 |
|---|
| 低温 | R507A/R744 复叠 | R717/R744 复叠 | 双级跨临界 R744带喷射器 |
| 中温 | 单级R507A | 单级R717 | 单级跨临界 R744带喷射器 |
| 高温 | 单级R507A | 单级R717 | 单级跨临界R744带喷射器 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175140492234806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175129859674756, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
制冷系统方案, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 冷库 | 机组系统 |
|---|
| 方案1 | 方案2 | 方案3 |
|---|
| 低温 | R507A/R744 复叠 | R717/R744 复叠 | 双级跨临界 R744带喷射器 |
| 中温 | 单级R507A | 单级R717 | 单级跨临界 R744带喷射器 |
| 高温 | 单级R507A | 单级R717 | 单级跨临界R744带喷射器 |
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