Article(id=1239175129041785459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710345600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-14, revisedDate=1711641600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-29, acceptedDate=1721232000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-18, onlineDate=1773371973523, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371973523, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371973523, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371973523, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=74, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175130295882382, articleId=1239175129041785459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Operating Characteristics of Twin-Screw Refrigeration Compressor with Different Refrigerants Based on the Semi-Empirical Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The refrigeration industry is advancing towards environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe alternative refrigerants. To analyze compressor performance with various refrigerants, this study proposes a modified semi-empirical model with 13 characteristic parameters. Experiments were conducted with R22, R507, and R744 under variable operating conditions to identify parameters and validate the model. The experimental and simulated results showed strong agreement, with average relative errors of 2.07% for input power and 1.17% for mass flow rate. Using a typical operating condition, the losses and efficiencies of different refrigerants were compared at various frequencies. Results indicate that R744, with the lowest pressure, leakage, and power losses, demonstrated superior performance. While R507 and R22 showed similar efficiencies, the efficiency of R507 declined significantly at frequencies above 50 Hz due to increased pressure losses. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing compressor designs for various refrigerants.

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Wang Chuang, male, associate professor, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 86-13289227655, E-mail: . Research fields: advanced compressor and expander technology, optimization control and fault diagnosis of refrigeration systems.
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低温制冷行业已经进入了寻找环境友好、高效安全替代工质的新阶段。为分析采用不同制冷剂时压缩机的运行特性,提出一种含13个特征参数的修正半经验模型,实验研究了R22、R507和R744的变工况热力性能,并分别进行了特征参数识别与模型校核。验证结果表明:模型预测精度良好,输入功率与质量流量的平均相对误差为2.07%与1.17%。以某典型工况为例,对不同制冷剂的损失特性和效率随频率的变化趋势进行对比分析。结果表明:R744的压力损失、泄漏和功率损失较小,是综合性能最优的制冷剂;R507和R22的性能相近,但由于R507的压力损失更高且增长更剧烈,其效率衰减严重并在50 Hz以上频率段低于R22。研究旨在为采用不同工质压缩机的优化设计提供理论依据。

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王闯,男,助理教授,西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,13289227655,E-mail:。研究方向:压缩机及膨胀机先进技术、制冷系统节能智控与故障诊断。
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实际输气质量流量;2条泄漏通道的泄漏量;吸气预热换热量;压缩过程换热量;排气冷却换热量;环境热损失;Ploss,1-22类功率损失;Pcom总输入功率。

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P电子功率计;p压力传感器;t温度传感器;v流量传感器;制冷量;冷凝散热量。

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传感器测量范围精度
电子功率计40~80 kW±0.5%
压力传感器-0.1~2.4 MPa±0.5%
温度传感器-65~120℃±0.1 ℃
流量传感器0~1 500m3/h±1.5%
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传感器测量范围精度
电子功率计40~80 kW±0.5%
压力传感器-0.1~2.4 MPa±0.5%
温度传感器-65~120℃±0.1 ℃
流量传感器0~1 500m3/h±1.5%
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工质组分(质量分数比)相对分子质量ODPGWP安全等级标准沸点/℃临界温度/℃
R22CHClF286.470.0551 810 40.8196.15
R507R134a/R125(50%/50%)98.8603 800A146.7070.61
R744CO244.0101 78.5030.98
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工质组分(质量分数比)相对分子质量ODPGWP安全等级标准沸点/℃临界温度/℃
R22CHClF286.470.0551 810 40.8196.15
R507R134a/R125(50%/50%)98.8603 800A146.7070.61
R744CO244.0101 78.5030.98
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工况蒸发压力/kPa冷凝压力/kPa压比吸气温度/℃频率/Hz
工况12001 3546.772025~65
工况21051 55314.792035~65
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工况蒸发压力/kPa冷凝压力/kPa压比吸气温度/℃频率/Hz
工况12001 3546.772025~65
工况21051 55314.792035~65
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工质/(kg/s)αt1,2αt1,2Asuc/mm2Aleak,1/mm2Aleak,2/mm2Adis/mm2ksuc,nom/(W/K)kdis,nom/(W/K)bh1/(W/K1.25α
R222.040.26115.544 067.9654.2121.511 858.6041.631 224.19778.671.14
R5072.880.27332.323 996.4852.3314.732 075.2935.88745.95 2663.231.06
R7440.920.22252.743 905.0835.8410.772 436.0950.891 013.12490.041.24
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工质/(kg/s)αt1,2αt1,2Asuc/mm2Aleak,1/mm2Aleak,2/mm2Adis/mm2ksuc,nom/(W/K)kdis,nom/(W/K)bh1/(W/K1.25α
R222.040.26115.544 067.9654.2121.511 858.6041.631 224.19778.671.14
R5072.880.27332.323 996.4852.3314.732 075.2935.88745.95 2663.231.06
R7440.920.22252.743 905.0835.8410.772 436.0950.891 013.12490.041.24
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基于半经验模型的变工质双螺杆制冷压缩机运行特性
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李彦澎 1 , 陈浙寅 1 , 王闯 1 , 任大伟 1, 2 , 邢子文 1 , 朱士哲 2
制冷学报 | 2025,46(2): 74-81
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(2): 74-81
基于半经验模型的变工质双螺杆制冷压缩机运行特性
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李彦澎1, 陈浙寅1, 王闯1 , 任大伟1, 2, 邢子文1, 朱士哲2
作者信息
  • 1西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院 西安 710049
  • 2冰轮环境技术股份有限公司 烟台 264002

通讯作者:

王闯,男,助理教授,西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,13289227655,E-mail:。研究方向:压缩机及膨胀机先进技术、制冷系统节能智控与故障诊断。
Operating Characteristics of Twin-Screw Refrigeration Compressor with Different Refrigerants Based on the Semi-Empirical Model
Yanpeng Li1, Zheyin Chen1, Chuang Wang1 , Dawei Ren1, 2, Ziwen Xing1, Shizhe Zhu2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
  • 2.Moon Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264002, China
出版时间: 2025-04-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.074
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低温制冷行业已经进入了寻找环境友好、高效安全替代工质的新阶段。为分析采用不同制冷剂时压缩机的运行特性,提出一种含13个特征参数的修正半经验模型,实验研究了R22、R507和R744的变工况热力性能,并分别进行了特征参数识别与模型校核。验证结果表明:模型预测精度良好,输入功率与质量流量的平均相对误差为2.07%与1.17%。以某典型工况为例,对不同制冷剂的损失特性和效率随频率的变化趋势进行对比分析。结果表明:R744的压力损失、泄漏和功率损失较小,是综合性能最优的制冷剂;R507和R22的性能相近,但由于R507的压力损失更高且增长更剧烈,其效率衰减严重并在50 Hz以上频率段低于R22。研究旨在为采用不同工质压缩机的优化设计提供理论依据。

The refrigeration industry is advancing towards environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe alternative refrigerants. To analyze compressor performance with various refrigerants, this study proposes a modified semi-empirical model with 13 characteristic parameters. Experiments were conducted with R22, R507, and R744 under variable operating conditions to identify parameters and validate the model. The experimental and simulated results showed strong agreement, with average relative errors of 2.07% for input power and 1.17% for mass flow rate. Using a typical operating condition, the losses and efficiencies of different refrigerants were compared at various frequencies. Results indicate that R744, with the lowest pressure, leakage, and power losses, demonstrated superior performance. While R507 and R22 showed similar efficiencies, the efficiency of R507 declined significantly at frequencies above 50 Hz due to increased pressure losses. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing compressor designs for various refrigerants.

李彦澎, 陈浙寅, 王闯, 任大伟, 邢子文, 朱士哲. 基于半经验模型的变工质双螺杆制冷压缩机运行特性. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.074
Yanpeng Li, Zheyin Chen, Chuang Wang, Dawei Ren, Ziwen Xing, Shizhe Zhu. Operating Characteristics of Twin-Screw Refrigeration Compressor with Different Refrigerants Based on the Semi-Empirical Model[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (2) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.074
为应对生产生活中不断变化的冷量需求,在工商业冷冻冷藏[1]和中央空调[2]等场合中应用变频双螺杆制冷压缩机[3]已经成为主流趋势。同时,以R22为主的第2代HCFCs制冷剂因优越的制冷性能在过去几十年中成为最常用的制冷剂之一[4-5]。考虑到其可能导致的各种气候问题,低温制冷行业已经进入寻找环境友好、高效安全替代工质的新阶段[6]
在传统亚临界蒸气压缩制冷循环中,HCFCs的替代工质可以大致分为2类[7]:首先是第3代HFCs制冷剂,包括R507、R134a、R410A等;其次是天然流体,包括二氧化碳(CO2,R744)、氨(NH3,R717)、丙烷(C3H8,R290)等。上述工质的臭氧损耗潜值(ozone depletion potential,ODP)为0,且具有可接受的全球变暖潜值(Global Warming Potential,GWP)[7-8]。其中,R507[7,9]与R744[10-11]作为2类替代工质的典型代表,应用前景已经获得国内外的广泛认可。通过采用简单热力学模型[12-15]或建立理想循环[5,16],国内外众多学者已经对不同工质的宏观热力性能[13,16]及环境影响[15]等进行了详尽地研究。
然而,几乎所有的制冷剂替代研究都是从制冷系统的角度出发,对相同蒸发/冷凝温度工况下采用不同工质的系统宏观热力性能进行研究,从而确定不同工质的最佳工作温区。理论上,当采用不同制冷剂时,由于其黏度、比热容、导热系数等物理性质的差异,制冷设备的运行特性也将截然不同。张绍志等[17]综述了不同制冷剂的传热能力,强调了换热器结构优化设计的重要性。刘义腾等[18]通过模拟对比不同制冷剂对电机的冷却效果,发现电机永磁体最高温度相差可达90 ℃,为提升电机可靠性,他们设计了冷却支路并阐明了该结构对系统性能的影响。类似地,为了最大化压缩机的运行效率,需要针对不同的制冷剂对压缩机的物理结构进行改进。为此,有必要开发一套热力学意义清晰的数学模型,对相同工作压力下压缩机的损失、泄漏等微观特性及运行效率进行分析评估,从而为其结构优化提供理论依据。
在A. Giuffrida[19]研究的基础上,本文提出双螺杆制冷压缩机修正半经验模型,完善了泄漏、损失、热交换等过程的计算方法。基于R22、R507和R744的变工况热力性能实验,进行了参数识别与模型校核,对比分析了典型工况下不同工质的损失特性与效率随工作频率的变化趋势。
本文对A. Giuffrida[19]的模型进行了修正,主要包括压力损失、内压缩热交换计算的补充,压缩、泄漏过程的细化等。文中所有的建模与求解均在MATLAB中完成,各工质物性参数通过CoolProp开源物性数据库[20]获得。
为简化建模流程,对双螺杆制冷压缩机的工作过程进行如下假设:
1)相较于流体的热力学能,其动能可以忽略;
2)机壳材料的导热系数较高,因此其温度相对均匀,可采用集总参数法进行分析;
3)作为不可压缩流体,润滑油的压缩功远小于制冷剂,可忽略;
4)润滑油对制冷剂的冷却作用由出口传热系数进行补偿。
改进后双螺杆制冷压缩机工作过程如图1所示。从热力学角度而言,当压缩机的吸气压力、吸气温度、排气背压和转速确定时,其工作状态也随之确定。因此,本模型以上述4个变量为输入,求解压缩机的输入功率、质量流量、容积效率、绝热效率等。
在吸气过程中,制冷剂会出现不可避免的压力损失。本文采用等熵收敛喷管模型实现吸气压损定量计算,如式(1)所示,同理可确定排气压力损失。需要说明的是,此通流面积并非压缩机实际的吸排气孔口面积,而是考虑过滤器、止回阀等结构后的等效面积,用于反映流动压力损失的大小。
式中:为实际输气质量流量,kg/s;Asuc为吸气通流面积,mm2d为制冷剂密度,kg/m3h为制冷剂比焓,J/kg;各参数下标与图1中所标注的位置对应,下同。
在进入压缩腔之前,制冷剂与2处主要泄漏通道产生的流体绝热混合,比焓升高,如式(2)和式(3)所示:
式中:为混合之后的总质量流量,kg/s;下标leak,1和leak,2表示2条泄漏通道;in和out表示通道的入口和出口。
对于制冷压缩机,吸气口处的制冷剂温度一般低于机壳温度,因而将被等压预热。如假设2所述,本文采用机壳0维模型,即认为其温度处处均匀。吸气预热换热量由式(4)和式(5)求得。类似地,在压缩结束后的排气阶段,高温制冷剂气体将被机壳等压冷却。
式中:为吸气预热换热量,W;为吸气传热系数,W/K;cp为比定压热容,J/(kg·K);tw为机壳温度,℃;下标nom表示额定工况所对应的参数值。
进入压缩腔的总质量流量由压缩机的转速及其每转输气量共同决定,如式(6)所示。作为强制排气设备,双螺杆制冷压缩机的压缩过程可被细分为2个阶段。第1阶段指封闭容积缩减的内压缩过程(式(7)),过程中机壳与制冷剂之间的换热量可通过与假想绝热过程的对比来确定,如式(8)和式(9)所示。第2阶段为过/欠压缩过程,造成额外的能量损耗。综合考虑上述2个阶段,总压缩功可计算为两者之和(式(10))。
式中:Vsw为压缩机每转输气量,cm3n为压缩机转速,r/s;α为内压缩过程指数;R为内容积比;为压缩过程的换热量,W;v为制冷剂比体积,m3/kg;s为制冷剂比熵,J/(kg·K);p为制冷剂压力,kPa;winter为总压缩功,J/kg;下标is表示假想的绝热过程。
图1所示,根据入口压力的不同,双螺杆制冷压缩机内部的所有泄漏通道在该模型中被归为2类分别探讨。第1类是首个压缩腔的外泄漏,其入口压力为第1个齿槽内的最大压力。第2类是通过接触线的外泄漏,其入口压力为排气压力。考虑制冷剂在狭窄泄漏通道中的壅塞流动,这2类泄漏通道的出口压力可以分别确定为吸气节流后压力与临界压力的较高值(式(11))。这2类泄漏通道的临界压力可由式(12)分别计算。进出口压力确定后,通过2通道的泄漏量可由式(13)按等熵过程求得。
式中:max表示求较大值;p1为吸气节流后压力,kPa;pcrit,leak为临界压力,kPa;γ为制冷剂比定压热容与比定容热容之比;Aleak为泄漏面积,mm2;下标leak表示泄漏通道。
输入功率除了用于制冷剂气体的压缩外(式(14)),还有一部分用于克服各项损失。本模型将压缩机内部的损失划分为2类,包括与负载相关的扭矩损失、与润滑油相关的黏性摩擦损失,如式(15)和式(16)所示。压缩机的总输入功率可以计算为压缩过程功率与损失功率之和(式(17))。
式中:Pinter为压缩过程功率,W;Ploss,1为扭矩损失,W;Ploss,2为摩擦损失,W;Pcom为总输入功率,W;atl,1atl,2为功率损失系数;μ为润滑油动力黏度,Pa·s。
压缩机工作过程中,一般会向环境进行散热,造成一定的热损失(式(18))。当压缩机达到稳态时,考虑所有损失以热量的形式直接输入机壳,可建立如式(19)所示的热平衡关系。对制冷剂进行能量守恒分析,除热损失之外,所有的输入功率都将直接导致制冷剂比焓的升高(式(20))。机壳温度与制冷剂排气温度可由式(19)和式(20)确定。特别地,本文在计算过程中将输入机壳或制冷剂的热量记为正,当环境温度、吸气温度等变化时,式(19)和式(20)中各项的正负性需要重新考虑。
式中:为环境热损失,W;bhl为热损失系数,W/K1.25tamb为环境温度,℃。
压缩机宏观性能测试台如图2所示。研究中所用双螺杆制冷压缩机的内容积比为5.0,由变频电机驱动。主要传感器测点如图中的橙色方框所注,具体参数如表1所示。测试过程中压缩机的转速直接由变频器进行采集和输出。
实验对R22、R507与R744的宏观热力性能进行了测试。3种工质的基本物理性质如表2所示[8-9,21],其安全等级均为A1级,即无毒、不可燃、具有良好的热稳定性。R507和R744的临界温度均低于R22,其中R744的临界温度最低,约为31 ℃。考虑到压缩机的损失、泄漏等微观特性与其工作压力直接相关,本文以压力为工况参数,分别在高、低2种压比条件下进行了实验研究,如表3所示。其中,工况1的测试频率间隔为5 Hz,工况2为10 Hz。
模型总共引入13个需要通过实验数据识别的特征参数。识别过程是建立在最小化压缩机输入功率与质量流量预测误差基础上的,这实际上是一个多目标优化问题。为提高优化速度,通过加权求和将多个优化目标转化为全局误差(式(21)),并采用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)求解。
式中:err为全局误差;N为用于参数识别的总样本点数;下标sim和exp分别表示仿真和实验结果。
参数识别流程如图3所示。首先需要根据工程经验给定各参数的大致边界,并随机产生初始特征参数。随后,通过模型求解,获得当前的全局误差。当误差低于容差(ε)或迭代次数达到上限时,输出当前参数作为最优特征参数;否则,利用GA调整参数并重复上述计算。本文的优化过程是借助MATLAB优化工具箱进行的,算法的交叉因子与变异因子分别采用默认值0.8与0.01。容差、种群数量和迭代次数的设定值需要综合考虑精度要求、设备算力和允许计算时长后确定。需要说明的是,上述参数识别过程实际是13维空间中的优化问题,这意味着获得精确的最优解是不现实且不必要的。严格来讲,算法输出的最优特征参数只是满足研究精度要求的近似最优解。
通过优化,最终对采用R22、R507与R744的双螺杆制冷压缩机分别确定的特征参数如表4所示。考虑到本研究的宏观性能测试均在同一台样机中完成,因此仅与压缩机物理结构相关的参数,如RVsw,可直接按设计参数给定。在设计参数未知的情况下,也可用实验数据对以上2个参数进行识别,但这可能会导致更长的计算时间。值得注意的是,3种工质的吸排气通流面积和泄漏面积均不同,这是由于压力损失和泄漏除了与物理结构相关之外,还与工作流体的黏度等相关。
图4所示为2种工况下,采用不同工质的压缩机输入功率与质量流量实验-仿真对比结果。由图4可知,模型展示出了良好的压缩机热力性能预测效果,输入功率与质量流量的平均相对误差分别为2.07%与1.17%,而最大相对误差则低于5%。
以工况1为例,分析了采用不同制冷剂时压缩机的压力损失、泄漏量及功率损失随频率的变化规律,并对其容积、绝热效率进行了评估。
制冷剂在流动过程中,由于气体黏性、表面粗糙度、截面突变等因素的影响,会存在不可避免的压力损失。不同工质的吸排气压损随工作频率的变化如图5所示。可知,随着工作频率的增大,吸排气压损均迅速增大,但吸气压损始终占据主导地位,约为排气压损的2~3倍。这可以从吸排气密度差的角度进行解释,即由于吸气密度远小于排气密度,因此制冷剂在吸气口的流速远高于排气口。考虑到压损与流速的平方成正相关,因此造成了更大的吸气压损。相同工作条件下,R507的压损最大,其次是R22,R744的最小。以R22为基准,R507的吸气与排气压损平均提高26%与96%;而R744的吸排气压损则平均降低44%和15%。
泄漏作为影响双螺杆制冷压缩机性能的主要因素,随频率的变化趋势如图6所示。当频率由25 Hz升至75 Hz时,R22、R507和R744的泄漏量分别降低4.8%、7.3%和4.0%。相同工作条件下,R22的泄漏量最大,其次是R507、R744。以R22为基准,R507和R744的泄漏量分别仅为其81.6%与39.3%。
功率损失是影响绝热效率的重要因素,图7所示为不同工质的功率损失随工作频率的变化。由图7可知,功率损失随频率的升高而显著增大。相同工作条件下,3种工质的功率损失相近,但R507的略高,且具有更高的变化率。以60 Hz为分界,低频时R744的功率损失略小于R22,反之则略大。
容积和绝热效率随压缩机工作频率的变化趋势如图8图9所示。随着频率的升高,容积效率先升高后降低,并在临界频率(上三角符号)处达到最大值。从热力学角度而言,容积效率主要受到压损和泄漏2个因素的影响。当频率较低时,流动压损较小,泄漏是主导因素。因此,当频率升高时,泄漏量降低,容积效率升高。随着频率进一步增大,压损的影响逐渐加剧,并在达到临界点后成为主导因素,导致容积效率的降低。由图5图6可知,随着频率的增大,压损的变化率远大于泄漏量,故此不同工质的临界频率很大程度上取决于压损,即压损越大,临界频率越小。以本研究的工况为例,R507、R22和R744容积效率的临界频率分别为31.1、38.6和44.2 Hz。由于R744的泄漏和压损均小于其他2种工质,故在大部分频段中均展示出最高的容积效率,并始终高于R22。在25~32 Hz区间中,R507的容积效率最高,但其效率随频率的衰减最剧烈,并在53~75 Hz区间中低于R22。
与容积效率类似,绝热效率随频率也是先升高后降低,并在临界频率处到达最大值。除了受泄漏量、压损的影响之外,功率损失也会对绝热效率产生影响。在本文的研究工况下,R507、R22和R744容积效率的临界频率分别为31.6、45.7和42.7 Hz。R744在全频率段均表现出了最高的绝热效率。R507与R22绝热效率相近,低于51 Hz时,R507效率高,反之则R22效率高。值得注意的是,R507的临界频率偏低,且当频率高于临界频率时,其容积、绝热效率均快速衰减。从压缩机结构设计的角度,这是由于吸排气不顺畅导致的,需要进一步扩大孔口面积以改善该情况。
本文提出一种双螺杆制冷压缩机修正半经验模型,通过多工质变工况热力性能实验实现了特征参数识别与模型验证。以某典型运行工况为例,研究了不同工质微观损失特性及效率随频率的变化趋势。得到结论如下:
1)本文提出的修正双螺杆制冷压缩机半经验模型精度高、可转移性强,预测输入功率和质量流量的平均相对误差分别为2.07%与1.17%,最大相对误差不超过5%。
2)典型工况下的损失特性研究表明:压力损失随频率的升高而快速增大,吸气压损约为排气压损的2~3倍。其中,R507的压损最大,R744最小。3种工质之间的泄漏量差异显著,其中R22最大,R744最小。随着频率的升高,泄漏量下降4.0%~7.3%。3种工质的功率损失相近,但均随频率的升高而增大。其中R507的功率损失最大,R744的功率损失在60 Hz以下略小于R22。
3)典型工况下的效率评估表明:由于R744较小的压力损失、泄漏量和功率损失,其在大部分频率下均展示出更高的容积、绝热效率,因此是典型工况下综合性能最优的制冷剂。然而,R744较低的临界温度可能会限制其在高冷凝温度亚临界制冷循环中的应用。
4)当工作频率低于50 Hz时,R507比R22的容积效率、绝热效率更高。但由于过大的吸排气压损,其临界频率很低,且效率随频率的衰减速度很快,因此不适用于高频工况。从压缩机结构设计的角度,需要进一步扩大孔口面积以改善该情况。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51976148)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.074
  • 接收时间:2024-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 修回日期:2024-03-29
  • 录用日期:2024-07-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976148)
国家自然科学基金(51976148)
作者信息
    1西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院 西安 710049
    2冰轮环境技术股份有限公司 烟台 264002

通讯作者:

王闯,男,助理教授,西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,13289227655,E-mail:。研究方向:压缩机及膨胀机先进技术、制冷系统节能智控与故障诊断。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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