Article(id=1239175128110657592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.137, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701100800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-28, revisedDate=1703174400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-22, acceptedDate=1707062400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-05, onlineDate=1773371973302, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371973302, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371973302, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371973302, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175129830322266, articleId=1239175128110657592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Kinetic Behavior of Droplet Impacts on Inclined Surfaces with Different Wettability at Different Temperatures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Superhydrophobic surfaces, a new type of green material, exhibit promising application prospects in the field of anti-/de-icing. In this paper, the kinetic behavior of impinging droplets on surfaces with different temperatures (-25-16 ℃), different inclination angles (0°-60°), and different wettability (hydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces) is investigated through experimental comparisons. The variations of the droplet morphology, spreading factor, spreading time, and contact time are analyzed. The results show that the impinging droplets exhibit different kinetic behaviors after spreading due to the different inclination angles and wettability. The maximum spreading factor and spreading time on hydrophilic surfaces increase with the inclination angle. The variation of the spreading time on superhydrophobic surfaces follows the same trend as that on hydrophilic surfaces, while the maximum spreading factor decreases with an increase in the inclination angle, especially at Ts-25 ℃; Compared to hydrophilic surfaces, the impinging droplets have shorter spreading times on superhydrophobic surfaces, which can reach about 10 times at Ts=-25 ℃. Increasing the wall inclination angle breaks the symmetric bounce of the droplets on the horizontal superhydrophobic surface, thereby shortening the contact time of the droplets. This suggests that increasing the inclination angle can effectively inhibit the freezing of water droplets.

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Zheng Haikun, male, lecturer, College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 86-18810344608, E-mail: . Research fields: the application of ice/frost formation and ice/frost suppression, enhanced heat transfer, refrigeration, and low-temperature technology in the fields of industrial, commercial refrigeration, and aerospace.
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超疏水表面作为一种新型绿色材料在防/除冰领域展现了一定的应用前景。通过实验对比研究了不同温度(-25~16 ℃)、不同倾角(0~60°)以及不同润湿性表面(亲水、超疏水表面)上撞击液滴的动力学行为,分析了其液滴形态、铺展因子、铺展时间和接触时间的变化情况。结果表明:由于倾角和润湿性不同,撞击液滴在铺展之后表现出不同的动力学行为;随着倾角增大,亲水表面最大铺展因子和铺展时间随之增大,超疏水表面铺展时间变化与之相同,最大铺展因子随着倾角的增加而减小,特别是Ts-25 ℃;相比于亲水表面,液滴撞击超疏水表面具有更短的铺展时间,在Ts=-25 ℃时可以达到约10倍;增大壁面倾角会打破液滴在水平超疏水表面上的对称反弹,进而缩短液滴接触时间,说明增加倾角可有效抑制水滴冻结。

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郑海坤,男,讲师,河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,18810344608,E-mail:。研究方向:结冰结霜与抑霜抑冰、强化换热、制冷及低温技术在工商业制冷及航空航天领域的应用。
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不同温度下液滴撞击不同润湿性倾斜表面的动力学行为
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陈孝松 1 , 郑海坤 1, 2 , 张培成 1 , 盛伟 1, 2 , 郝晓茹 1
制冷学报 | 2025,46(2): 137-144
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(2): 137-144
不同温度下液滴撞击不同润湿性倾斜表面的动力学行为
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陈孝松1, 郑海坤1, 2 , 张培成1, 盛伟1, 2, 郝晓茹1
作者信息
  • 1河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院 焦作 454000
  • 2哈密豫新能源产业研究院有限责任公司 哈密 839000

通讯作者:

郑海坤,男,讲师,河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,18810344608,E-mail:。研究方向:结冰结霜与抑霜抑冰、强化换热、制冷及低温技术在工商业制冷及航空航天领域的应用。
Kinetic Behavior of Droplet Impacts on Inclined Surfaces with Different Wettability at Different Temperatures
Xiaosong Chen1, Haikun Zheng1, 2 , Peicheng Zhang1, Wei Sheng1, 2, Xiaoru Hao1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
  • 2.Hami Yu-Xin Energy Industry Institute Co., Ltd., Hami, 839000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.137
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超疏水表面作为一种新型绿色材料在防/除冰领域展现了一定的应用前景。通过实验对比研究了不同温度(-25~16 ℃)、不同倾角(0~60°)以及不同润湿性表面(亲水、超疏水表面)上撞击液滴的动力学行为,分析了其液滴形态、铺展因子、铺展时间和接触时间的变化情况。结果表明:由于倾角和润湿性不同,撞击液滴在铺展之后表现出不同的动力学行为;随着倾角增大,亲水表面最大铺展因子和铺展时间随之增大,超疏水表面铺展时间变化与之相同,最大铺展因子随着倾角的增加而减小,特别是Ts-25 ℃;相比于亲水表面,液滴撞击超疏水表面具有更短的铺展时间,在Ts=-25 ℃时可以达到约10倍;增大壁面倾角会打破液滴在水平超疏水表面上的对称反弹,进而缩短液滴接触时间,说明增加倾角可有效抑制水滴冻结。

Superhydrophobic surfaces, a new type of green material, exhibit promising application prospects in the field of anti-/de-icing. In this paper, the kinetic behavior of impinging droplets on surfaces with different temperatures (-25-16 ℃), different inclination angles (0°-60°), and different wettability (hydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces) is investigated through experimental comparisons. The variations of the droplet morphology, spreading factor, spreading time, and contact time are analyzed. The results show that the impinging droplets exhibit different kinetic behaviors after spreading due to the different inclination angles and wettability. The maximum spreading factor and spreading time on hydrophilic surfaces increase with the inclination angle. The variation of the spreading time on superhydrophobic surfaces follows the same trend as that on hydrophilic surfaces, while the maximum spreading factor decreases with an increase in the inclination angle, especially at Ts-25 ℃; Compared to hydrophilic surfaces, the impinging droplets have shorter spreading times on superhydrophobic surfaces, which can reach about 10 times at Ts=-25 ℃. Increasing the wall inclination angle breaks the symmetric bounce of the droplets on the horizontal superhydrophobic surface, thereby shortening the contact time of the droplets. This suggests that increasing the inclination angle can effectively inhibit the freezing of water droplets.

陈孝松, 郑海坤, 张培成, 盛伟, 郝晓茹. 不同温度下液滴撞击不同润湿性倾斜表面的动力学行为. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.137
Xiaosong Chen, Haikun Zheng, Peicheng Zhang, Wei Sheng, Xiaoru Hao. Kinetic Behavior of Droplet Impacts on Inclined Surfaces with Different Wettability at Different Temperatures[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (2) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.137
液滴撞击固体壁面结冰现象广泛存在于制冷低温领域,并带来一定的负面危害:如雨滴撞击室外换热器低温壁面结冰会增大换热器热阻和气流流动阻力从而降低换热性能[1];撞击蒸发器表面冻结形成的积冰层会降低制冷效率,增加电能消耗[2];撞击电线、电缆结冰会引起线路或设备损坏而造成巨大的经济损失[3]。鉴于结冰带来的危害,研究人员设计开发了主动除冰和被动防冰技术来去除积冰和抑制冰的形成[4]。然而,传统的除/抑冰方法大都存在能效低、费用高及使用场合受限等各种问题[5]。近年来,具有大接触角和较小滚动角的超疏水表面因诸多优点在防/除冰领域展现了一定的应用前景,引起了广泛关注。
液滴撞击固体壁面后会表现不同的动力学行为,而其所表现出的特殊弹跳行为使界面具有一定的抗结冰能力,是预防结冰的关键。因此,缩短液滴撞击超疏水表面的接触时间,加快液滴从超疏水表面弹离至关重要。相关研究[6-8]已经证明液滴的回弹或黏附与表面特性和液滴特性等因素有关。为研究这些因素对液滴撞击接触时间的影响,Huang Liu等[9]通过氟化颗粒涂层制备了软弹性超疏水棉并进行了水滴撞击实验,发现以弹性材料为表面基底可大幅缩短液滴接触时间。Du Jiayu等[10]通过实验研究了具有不同润湿梯度的超疏水表面上的液滴撞击动力学,发现打破液滴的对称回弹是增强液滴弹跳能力的关键。姚一娜等[11]发现液滴撞击CuO超疏水表面出现反弹与黏附的临界表面温度介于-25~-20 ℃。Tai Yaolin等[12]对不同黏度的液滴撞击超疏水表面的反弹动力学进行了研究,发现高黏度液滴的接触时间随撞击速度的增加而增加。上述研究为了解液滴撞击行为,抑制撞击液滴的冻结提供了一定的参考。
然而,上述研究主要集中于水平和单一润湿性表面,与实际工程应用中不同倾角表面结冰有一定的差异,其结论是否仍然有效尚未可知。因此,对比研究不同润湿性倾斜表面上的液滴撞击动态行为对超疏水表面能否有效抑制冰的形成十分重要。关于倾斜表面上的液滴撞击动力学,已经有部分学者进行了相关研究,但更多的关注于液滴撞击不同温度和倾角表面后的冻结形态[13-16]或不同速度下倾角对液滴撞击特性的影响[17-18],而对不同温度下倾角对不同润湿性表面上液滴撞击特性的影响研究较少。
基于上述分析,本文采用飞秒激光及低表面能氟化涂层制备了方柱微结构超疏水表面。研究了水滴撞击超疏水表面和亲水表面的动态行为,对比分析了不同温度和倾角下液滴接触时间的变化规律,以及倾角和温度对液滴撞击不同润湿性表面前后铺展因子的影响规律,讨论了倾角对不同润湿性表面防冰性能的影响,为促进超疏水表面在防冰方面的潜在应用提供了指导。
实验以20 mm×20 mm×3 mm的铝合金为基底。首先用400、800、1 000目砂纸对基底进行打磨并抛光,放入去离子水中超声清洗20 min后用烘干箱对其进行干燥(80 ℃),然后用飞秒激光按照设定的参数(长/高/宽=100/100/200μm)对其加工并在加工完成后重复上述清洗及烘干过程。之后,制备双层涂层并喷涂在表面用于形成低表面能层。制备方法与过程详见课题组已发表的文献[19]。对照组为光滑铝表面,清洗烘干后无需其它加工。
通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(Merlin Compact)对样品表面进行扫描和表征,样品表面形貌如图1所示。由图1可知,制备的表面上周期性分布着很多方柱状结构。在两方柱凹槽间和表面微结构上面可以看到“沟壑”状的涂层,即低表面能涂层。进一步放大还可以看到低表面能涂层上的纳米颗粒。光滑铝表面上存在一些细小的划痕和微小的凹坑,这是在加工过程中用砂纸打磨造成。使用接触角测量仪(SDC-350)对样品进行接触角测试,在表面随机选取3个不同的位置,将体积为4μL的水滴分别置于这些位置。每个位置重复测试3次,计算接触角和滚动角的平均值。制备的表面静态接触角和滚动角分别为160.6°和0.16°,测量误差在±3°以内,具有良好的疏水性。光滑铝表面静态接触角为76.1°,测量误差在±1.5°以内,表现出亲水性。
实验装置如图2所示,主要包括5部分:环境控制系统、半导体制冷系统、水滴发生系统、数据及图像采集系统。环境控制系统用于对实验段(长×宽×高=250 mm×250 mm×250 mm)内的空间进行温度和湿度的控制和调节,主要包括氮气瓶、小风扇、换热器、低温冷却液循环泵等。半导体制冷系统用于为实验段表面提供恒定的冷壁面温度,主要包括调压直流电源、半导体制冷片(TEC-12707)、冷却水道、恒温水浴箱、温控器(AI-516,精度0.25)等,与实验所用冷表面共同组成了装置图中的表面部分。水滴发生系统用于产生一定大小的液滴,主要包括针筒、一定尺寸的针头、储液箱等。数据采集系统用于实时监测并采集环境温湿度和冷表面温度变化情况,主要包括T型热电偶、湿度传感器(HC-05B)、数据采集仪(Agilent 34970A)。由于表面较小,为了减小实验中的温度测量误差,在实验表面下方布置5个均匀分布的热电偶,取其测量值的平均值作为冷表面温度,测量的温度误差在±0.1之内。图像采集系统主要包括高速相机(phantom配备Nikon 200 mm微距镜头)、冷光源、电脑端等。
实验前,通过旋转倾斜台调整表面为固定的角度(θ=0°、30°、60°),使用氮气对玻璃箱内进行除湿(低于20%)避免表面结霜干扰实验结果,调节直流电源和温控器控制表面温度Ts为16、-5、-15、-25 ℃。在湿度达到要求后关闭氮气瓶,通过针头产生直径为1.7 mm的去离子水滴,从距离表面100 mm处自由落体撞击到表面上进行实验,排除单次结果差异较大的实验,最后取3组实验的平均值作为实验结果。通过高速相机进行拍摄并进行后处理,高速相机分辨率为768×576,拍摄速度为7 200 fps。
水滴撞击倾斜表面如图3所示。液滴初始直径为d0,竖直撞击速度为v0,液滴与表面最先接触的点为原点,沿x方向为正方向。引入符号xbxf表示液滴撞击表面后的瞬时扩散长度,定义为从撞击点至液滴上下边缘的距离。为了消除液滴尺寸的影响,采用xf/d0xb/d0分别表示液滴无量纲前铺展因子和后铺展因子,由于液滴最初撞击位置在撞击点后方,所以后铺展因子为负值。液滴与表面接触的总铺展因子为λ
图4所示为液滴撞击不同倾角的亲水表面、超疏水表面的动态过程。可以看出,表面润湿性和表面倾角不同会造成液滴出现不同的动力学行为。在亲水表面上,液滴经历了铺展、振荡和冻结3个阶段。在0°和30°的亲水表面,水滴在0.97 ms开始铺展并在5.14 ms铺展至最大,呈“薄饼状”。然后,0°表面上的水滴在表面张力作用下发生振荡,最终冻结在表面上。30°表面上的液滴在切向速度作用下沿壁面向下滑动。由于分子间作用力及冷壁面的黏滞效应,液滴后沿比前沿部分滑动更快导致水滴在前沿部分汇聚(9.17 ms),呈“蝌蚪状”。然后,中间部分的液滴沿着表面向前和向后循环运动(9.17~14.72 ms)。最终,液滴冻结在表面上。随着倾角增至60°,液滴开始经历了与30°表面相似的运动过程,不同的是液滴的前沿部分会在停止前继续滑移一段距离并在停止后向上反冲造成液膜断裂,最终形成2个次液滴冻结在表面上。
在超疏水表面上,液滴经历了铺展、回缩和反弹3个阶段,并未冻结在表面上。对于0°超疏水表面,液滴在整个撞击过程中基本保持对称性,最终以“保龄球”状从表面反弹并且在颈部会形成次级液滴(5 ms)。随着倾角增大,液滴从表面弹离所需的时间逐渐减少,液滴在撞击过程中的对称性在回缩和反弹阶段也被打破,次级液滴的形成受到了抑制。原因在于撞击液滴最初在法向速度作用下向四周同性铺展,但随着液滴回缩而变得各向异性。当横向方向上的液体开始收缩时,切向方向上的液体由于切向速度继续铺展。当横向方向上的液体收缩完成时,液滴就会沿着切线方向以拉长的形状离开表面从而打破其对称性。同时,法向速度分量随着倾角的增加而减少,液滴在回缩过程中转换的表面能减少使得液滴自由液面流动减慢从而抑制了次级液滴的形成。
不同温度下0°亲水表面和超疏水表面上液滴铺展因子随时间的变化如图5所示。对于亲水表面,液滴铺展因子先增至最大值,然后逐渐减小趋于稳定,随着温度降低,液滴在回缩过程中冻结越快,即稳定时的铺展因子就越大。但液滴最大铺展因子在表面温度降至-15 ℃以前随着温度的降低而增加,原因是随着壁面温度的降低,液滴温度相对冷表面温度升高造成液滴表面张力变小,增加了其铺展程度。当温度继续降至-25 ℃,液滴逐渐冻结导致局部固化减小了最大铺展因子。对于超疏水表面,液滴铺展因子先增大后减小至0。最大铺展因子随温度的变化趋势与亲水表面相同,原因也相同。由于超疏水表面具有大接触角且表面上的微结构可以捕捉空气形成“气穴”降低传热效率,所以液滴不会在表面上冻结,但随着温度的降低,液滴会与表面进行热量传递导致其黏度和表面张力发生改变,作用于液滴上的各种力之间的比率也会随之发生改变[20],当冷表面温度降至-25 ℃,受液滴与冷表面黏滞效应增加的影响,液滴在冷表面上的最大铺展被抑制且从冷表面弹离所需的时间被延长。
图6所示为不同温度下水滴在倾角为30°和60°的亲水表面和超疏水表面上前后铺展因子随接触时间的变化。无论是亲水表面还是超疏水表面,随着倾角增大,液滴前后铺展因子均增大。对于30°的亲水表面,液滴铺展因子的变化规律与0°表面相同,即液滴前后铺展因子随着时间变化先增加后减小,然后逐渐趋于稳定。液滴稳定后的前铺展因子随着温度的升高而增大(Ts>-15 ℃),后铺展因子也具有同样的规律。因后铺展因子为负值,液滴的总铺展因子λ表示为前后铺展因子之差。当Ts≥-15 ℃时,液滴稳定后的总铺展因子λ基本不变,而Ts=-25 ℃的λ明显大于其它温度表面的λ,这是由于此温度下斜面上部的水滴被更早地冻结造成的。当倾角增至60°时,液滴前铺展因子随着时间增大而增加,然后直接趋于稳定。后铺展因子在低温下与30°表面变化趋势相同。常温下,由于液滴在速度切向分量作用下沿切面滑动,所以液滴后铺展因子一直增大直到液滴稳定后保持不变。表面温度对稳定后的液滴前后铺展因子的影响呈现出相同的变化规律,均随着温度的降低而减小,液滴总铺展因子则随温度的降低而增大。相比于30°亲水表面,60°亲水表面稳定后的前后铺展因子更大,前沿点和后沿点的位移远大于30°亲水表面。
对于倾角为30°的超疏水表面,前铺展因子随接触时间的增加而增大,后铺展因子随着时间推移逐步增大从负值为正值。对于Ts≥-25 ℃,后扩展因子随着温度的降低而逐渐减小,前铺展因子受温度影响较小,基本保持不变。当倾角增至60°时,液滴前后铺展因子变化规律与30°表面基本相同,即液滴前铺展因子随时间持续增大,后铺展因子则是先减小后增大。区别是液滴前后铺展因子在铺展开始时均小于0。此外,液滴前铺展因子几乎不受表面温度的影响,而后铺展因子的铺展速率随着表面温度的降低逐渐变慢,这是由于液滴冻结成核速率增加,水滴和表面之间的黏附限制了液滴的铺展。值得注意的是,由图6(c)可知,30°超疏水表面上液滴撞击-5 ℃和-15 ℃冷表面的后铺展因子变化趋势分别与撞击16 ℃和-25 ℃冷表面的后铺展因子变化趋势大致相同,而当倾角增大60°时,液滴撞击-5 ℃冷表面的后铺展因子变化趋势则与-15 ℃冷表面上的液滴后铺展因子变化趋势大致相同且不同于16 ℃和-25 ℃,因此液滴后铺展因子随温度的变化情况受倾角影响较大。
减少液滴与表面的铺展面积,缩短液滴与表面的接触时间可以减少液滴与冷表面之间的能量交换,对于增强表面的防冰性能非常重要[21]图7图8统计了液滴撞击超疏水表面和亲水表面的最大铺展因子及达到最大铺展所需的时间。可以看出,液滴铺展时间在超疏水表面和亲水表面上具有相同的变化趋势,均随着倾角的增大而增加。最大铺展因子变化则不同,超疏水表面上液滴最大铺展因子随着倾角的增加而减小,特别是当Ts>-25 ℃时;亲水表面上液滴最大铺展因子随倾角的增大而增加。对于超疏水表面,液滴在撞击后滑动,需要考虑切向动能。超疏水表面有很强的疏水能力,使液滴更容易弹离表面。相比于切向速度,法向速度占据了主导地位,随着倾角的增加,法向速度逐渐减小,液滴最大铺展因子随之变小,液滴铺展到最大值所需的时间增加。对于亲水表面,倾角增大导致了切向动能的增大,使液滴更容易铺展。在液滴碰撞过程中,液滴在亲水表面上比在超疏水表面上具有更长的铺展时间,最长可以达到约10倍。此外,纵向来看,无论是超疏水表面还是亲水表面,其最大铺展因子和铺展时间随着温度的降低受到倾角的影响程度变大。
图9所示为在不同表面温度下液滴撞击超疏水表面接触时间随倾角的变化,由于液滴撞击低温亲水表面发生冻结,所以并未统计其接触时间。可以看出,表面温度和倾角均对接触时间影响显著:当表面温度相同时,液滴接触时间随着倾角的增加而减少;当倾角相同时,较低的表面温度会增强界面处的黏附性从而增加液滴从表面弹离的时间,前文已经提到液滴撞击超疏水表面的铺展时间随着倾角的增大而增加,而接触时间随着倾角的增大而减小,由此推断,增大表面倾角会减少液滴接触时间实际上减少的是水滴的回缩时间。此外,接触时间与法向速度无关,主要受切向速度影响,增加倾角有利于液滴更早地离开表面,从而起到防除冰作用。例如,对于Ts=-25 ℃,当倾角从0°增至60°时,接触时间从8.472 ms降至6.944 ms,说明倾角的增加可有效抑制水滴冻结。
本文通过实验对不同温度(-25~16 ℃)、不同倾角(0~60°)以及不同润湿性表面(亲水、超疏水表面)上撞击液滴的动力学行为进行了研究,分析了表面温度和倾角对液滴撞击不同润湿性表面的液滴形态、铺展因子、铺展时间和接触时间的影响,得到结论如下:
1)由于倾角和润湿性不同,液滴撞击亲水表面和超疏水表面表现出不同的动力学行为,主要差异体现在回缩和反弹阶段。
2)对于亲水表面,液滴前后铺展因子、最大铺展因子及铺展时间均随着表面倾角的增加而增大。液滴前后铺展因子受表面温度的影响相同,即随着温度的升高而增大。液滴稳定后的总铺展因子受温度的影响与倾角有很大关系:当θ=30°,Ts≥-15 ℃时,总铺展因子λ基本不变,随着表面温度增至-25 ℃,λ随之增大;当θ=60°时,液滴总铺展因子则随温度的降低而增大。
3)对于超疏水表面,液滴前后铺展因子和铺展时间的变化与亲水表面呈现相同的变化趋势,即随着表面倾角的增加而增大。最大铺展因子随着倾角的增加而减小,特别是当Ts>-25 ℃时。此外,当倾角变化时,液滴后铺展因子受Ts影响较大,液滴前铺展因子几乎不受影响。
4)受壁面润湿性和倾角等影响,相比于亲水表面,液滴撞击超疏水表面具有更短的铺展时间,在Ts=-25 ℃时可以达到约10倍。增大壁面倾角可以打破液滴在水平超疏水表面上的对称反弹,缩短液滴接触时间,加快液滴弹离,可有效抑制撞击液滴的冻结。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52266001)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.137
  • 接收时间:2023-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28
  • 修回日期:2023-12-22
  • 录用日期:2024-02-05
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52266001)
国家自然科学基金(52266001)
作者信息
    1河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院 焦作 454000
    2哈密豫新能源产业研究院有限责任公司 哈密 839000

通讯作者:

郑海坤,男,讲师,河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,18810344608,E-mail:。研究方向:结冰结霜与抑霜抑冰、强化换热、制冷及低温技术在工商业制冷及航空航天领域的应用。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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