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Article(id=1239175126810423305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704902400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-11, revisedDate=1706544000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-30, acceptedDate=1712073600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-03, onlineDate=1773371972992, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371972992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371972992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371972992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175127070470166, articleId=1239175126810423305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Experimental Investigation on Performances of Capillary Mat Heat Exchangers in a Thermal Energy Tunnel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Capillary mat heat exchangers are increasingly used in transportation energy tunnels owing to their large heat-transfer area and uniform temperature. Thermal energy tunnels, a new type of energy tunnel, differ from transportation energy tunnels because of the heat source inside such tunnels. To examine the feasibility of applying capillary mat heat exchangers in thermal energy tunnels under endothermic conditions, heat transfer performance was experimentally investigated using a 1∶1 intermittent operating mode. The results showed that the higher the initial air temperature (T0) in the tunnel, the greater the heat flux. With the inlet temperature of circulating water (tin) fixed at 5 ℃, as the temperature difference between T0 and tin increases by 10 ℃, the heat flux increases by 45.9%. The heat flux also increases with the increase of circulating water velocity (u); whereas u increases up to 0.1 m/s, the heat transfer rate saturates and approaches 187.22 W/m2. The lower the tin is, the greater the heat flux. When the T0 is 50 ℃ and the u is 0.075 m/s, for every 1 ℃ increase in the tin, the heat transfer rate decreases by 2.04%.

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Zhou Guobing, male, professor, School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 86-13717509738, E-mail: . Research fields: phase change heat storage and solar buildings.
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毛细管网换热器由于传热面积大、温度均匀等诸多优点在交通类能源隧道已有较多应用。热力能源隧道作为一种新型能源隧道因具有内热源而与交通类能源隧道差异较大，为研究毛细管网换热器在热力能源隧道应用的可行性，实验研究了吸热工况下热力能源隧道毛细管网换热器采用1∶1间歇运行模式下的换热性能。结果表明：隧道内初始空气温度越高，毛细管网换热器的换热量越大，在循环水入口温度为5 ℃不变的条件下，隧道内初始空气温度和循环水入口温度温差增加10 ℃，换热量增加45.9%；毛细管网换热器的换热量随着循环水流速的增加而增加，流速增至0.1 m/s后，换热量变化曲线呈水平渐近线变化，换热量逐渐稳定于187.22 W/m2；循环水入口温度越低，换热量越大，当隧道内初始空气温度为50 ℃，循环水流速为0.075 m/s时，循环水入口温度每升高1 ℃，换热量降低2.04%。

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周国兵，男，教授，华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，13717509738，E-mail：。研究方向：相变储热与太阳能建筑。
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journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175126810423305, language=CN, label=图1, caption=热力能源隧道实验装置

1 地层模拟系统；2 盾构管片；3 毛细管网换热器；4 供热管；5 电加热带；6 混凝土平台；7 土箱；8 冷水机；9 水泵；10 数显流量计；11 循环管路；12 温度传感器；13 阀门；14 压力传感器。

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figureFileBig=7Aw41yUCymfqPcKd4hHZEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175140425134748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175126810423305, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同循环水入口温度下换热量拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=vWaNVJf2UFG9ALTB6vWytQ==, figureFileBig=7Aw41yUCymfqPcKd4hHZEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175140504826524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175126810423305, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Parameters of the test instruments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称规格型号测试范围测试精度测试参数
温度传感器Pt100-50~200 ℃≤±0.2 ℃温度
数据采集仪DM6214-50~200 ℃
数显流量计YF-B20~9 m/s≤2%（测量值）流速
压力传感器Y-1000~1.6 MPa≤5%（测量值）压力
), ArticleFig(id=1239175140609684131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175126810423305, language=CN, label=表1, caption=测试仪表参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称规格型号测试范围测试精度测试参数
温度传感器Pt100-50~200 ℃≤±0.2 ℃温度
数据采集仪DM6214-50~200 ℃
数显流量计YF-B20~9 m/s≤2%（测量值）流速
压力传感器Y-1000~1.6 MPa≤5%（测量值）压力
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王永艳 1 , 周国兵 1 , 刘军 2 , 王富强 3 , 乔国刚 4 , 黄辉 2
制冷学报 | 2025,46(2): 129-136
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(2): 129-136
热力能源隧道毛细管网换热器性能实验研究
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王永艳1, 周国兵1 , 刘军2, 王富强3, 乔国刚4, 黄辉2
作者信息
  • 1华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院　北京　102208
  • 2北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院　北京　100044
  • 3北京市政建设集团有限责任公司第三工程处　北京　100176
  • 4北京市政建设集团有限责任公司　北京　100480

通讯作者:

周国兵，男，教授，华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，13717509738，E-mail：。研究方向：相变储热与太阳能建筑。
Experimental Investigation on Performances of Capillary Mat Heat Exchangers in a Thermal Energy Tunnel
Yongyan Wang1, Guobing Zhou1 , Jun Liu2, Fuqiang Wang3, Guogang Qiao4, Hui Huang2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102208, China
  • 2.School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
  • 3.The Third Engineering Department of Beijing Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
  • 4.Beijing Municipal Construction Group Corporation, Beijing, 100480, China
出版时间: 2025-04-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129
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摘要
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毛细管网换热器由于传热面积大、温度均匀等诸多优点在交通类能源隧道已有较多应用。热力能源隧道作为一种新型能源隧道因具有内热源而与交通类能源隧道差异较大，为研究毛细管网换热器在热力能源隧道应用的可行性，实验研究了吸热工况下热力能源隧道毛细管网换热器采用1∶1间歇运行模式下的换热性能。结果表明：隧道内初始空气温度越高，毛细管网换热器的换热量越大，在循环水入口温度为5 ℃不变的条件下，隧道内初始空气温度和循环水入口温度温差增加10 ℃，换热量增加45.9%；毛细管网换热器的换热量随着循环水流速的增加而增加，流速增至0.1 m/s后，换热量变化曲线呈水平渐近线变化，换热量逐渐稳定于187.22 W/m2；循环水入口温度越低，换热量越大，当隧道内初始空气温度为50 ℃，循环水流速为0.075 m/s时，循环水入口温度每升高1 ℃，换热量降低2.04%。

Capillary mat heat exchangers are increasingly used in transportation energy tunnels owing to their large heat-transfer area and uniform temperature. Thermal energy tunnels, a new type of energy tunnel, differ from transportation energy tunnels because of the heat source inside such tunnels. To examine the feasibility of applying capillary mat heat exchangers in thermal energy tunnels under endothermic conditions, heat transfer performance was experimentally investigated using a 1∶1 intermittent operating mode. The results showed that the higher the initial air temperature (T0) in the tunnel, the greater the heat flux. With the inlet temperature of circulating water (tin) fixed at 5 ℃, as the temperature difference between T0 and tin increases by 10 ℃, the heat flux increases by 45.9%. The heat flux also increases with the increase of circulating water velocity (u); whereas u increases up to 0.1 m/s, the heat transfer rate saturates and approaches 187.22 W/m2. The lower the tin is, the greater the heat flux. When the T0 is 50 ℃ and the u is 0.075 m/s, for every 1 ℃ increase in the tin, the heat transfer rate decreases by 2.04%.

王永艳, 周国兵, 刘军, 王富强, 乔国刚, 黄辉. 热力能源隧道毛细管网换热器性能实验研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 129 -136 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129
Yongyan Wang, Guobing Zhou, Jun Liu, Fuqiang Wang, Guogang Qiao, Hui Huang. Experimental Investigation on Performances of Capillary Mat Heat Exchangers in a Thermal Energy Tunnel[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (2) : 129 -136 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129
正文
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热交换管是能源隧道内能量系统的前端关键组件，用于收集和输送热能。热交换管通常安装在隧道衬砌内[1-5]，分为较大直径的PE管和小直径的毛细管网。相较而言，毛细管网换热器由于具有占用空间小、布局灵活、易于与隧道衬砌集成、传热面积大、温度均匀以及综合传热系数高等优点，在交通类能源隧道逐渐得到应用[6-10]。胡松涛等[11]提出在地铁隧道中铺设毛细管网的技术方案，并模拟分析和验证了其作为能源隧道换热器的可行性。结果表明，隧道内毛细管网换热器冬、夏季换热量最高均能达到约100 W/m2，具有良好的吸、放热性能。Tong Zhen等[12]模拟分析了毛细管网换热器的间歇运行性能。结果表明，当运行与间歇时间比为2∶3、1∶2、1∶3和1∶6时，与连续运行相比，换热量分别增加了10.6%、21.8%、28.3%和36.9%。Ji Yongming等[13]针对矩形和圆形地铁隧道衬砌内毛细管网换热器，建立其在不同工况下换热量的快速预测模型。结果表明，吸热工况下矩形和圆形换热器的换热量分别为27.03~89.90 W/m2和19.35~87.77 W/m2。
交通类能源隧道的热源来自隧道外部，采集的是天然地热，而一些隧道内的废弃热量作为一种可再生能源逐渐得到关注[14-15]。遍布城市的地下市政管线内的输送介质会产生大量热量，如电力隧道中的电线电缆[16-17]、排水隧道中的污水[18]、热力隧道中的高压蒸汽等，这些介质的持续散热导致隧道内温度较高，该类能源隧道的热源来自隧道内部。M. Wegner等[19]通过模拟分析，将电力隧道中的废弃热量回收用于供暖，每年每米隧道可节省4 000 kW·h能量（热能和电能的总和），同时减少570 kg CO2的排放且运营成本低。A. Bidarmaghz等[20]利用模拟分析方法，在地下变电站中将换热器分别敷设在隧道衬砌内表面、隧道衬砌和隧道围岩中。结果表明，敷设在隧道衬砌内表面具有更好的换热性能和经济性。
热力隧道内工作温度在40~60 ℃波动[21]，较其它市政管线隧道内温度高。热力隧道内高温是一种热害，该部分热量再利用不仅能满足城市热能需求，而且“冷却”热力隧道可解决其内废热滞留问题[14]，但目前鲜有文献涉及。为了研究毛细管网换热器在热力能源隧道中应用效果，本文以北京某盾构法施作的热力隧道为原型构建实验装置，研究毛细管网换热器运行期和恢复期的温度场特点，以及隧道内不同初始空气温度、循环水流速、循环水入口温度对换热性能的影响，最后与交通类能源隧道毛细管网换热器性能进行了对比分析。实验结果可为有内热源的能源隧道毛细管网换热器的设计与应用提供参考。
1 实验装置与程序
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1.1 实验装置
热力能源隧道实验装置如图1所示，由地层模拟系统、内热源、毛细管网换热器和冷水机以及循环管路组成。实验装置实物如图2所示。
1）地层模拟系统。
地层模拟系统主要由土箱构成，长×宽×高为8 m×4 m×3.5 m，土箱内填筑卵石土层，直径为1.2 m的微型盾构机在土箱内掘进形成热力隧道，隧道内径为1.08 m，管片厚度为0.06 m。
2）内热源。
热力隧道内铺设两根外径为280 mm的钢管，用于模拟供、回水供热管路。供热管道表面敷设自限温电加热带以模拟内热源，其最高温度可达80 ℃。为保持隧道内温度的恒定，隧道两端采用挤塑板进行密封，同时采用调压器控制加热量。
3）毛细管网换热器。
毛细管网换热器安装在热力隧道管片内表面上，实验由4片毛细管网并联而成，布置如图3所示，单片毛细管网尺寸为1 m×2 m（宽×长），集管内径为1 cm，毛细管间距为4 cm；毛细管网为同程布置，单片毛细管网换热器上有毛细管24根，每根采用外径为4.3mm、壁厚为0.85mm标准毛细管，整个毛细管网换热器的敷设面积为8 m2。
4）冷水机及循环管路。
冷水机及循环管路构成热能输送系统，先由冷水机制备冷水进入循环管路，然后流入毛细管网换热器，被加热后再由循环管路返回冷水机冷却，依次循环往复。
1.2 测试系统
测试系统包括隧道内空气温度、循环水温度、循环水流量及压力的测量。隧道内空气和循环水温度采用铂电阻测量。空气温度测点布置如图4所示，热力隧道总长度为4m，隧道内均匀布置3个温度测试断面，分别为A-A断面、B-B断面和C-C断面，断面间距为1m。每个断面3个空气温度测点，共计9个测点。
在毛细管网换热器的入口和出口各布置1个铂电阻测量循环水温度。采用数显流量计和压力传感器分别测量循环水流量和压力。传感器和数据采集仪参数如表1所示。
1.3 评价参数
单根毛细管换热量q0计算如式（1）所示：
式中：ρ为毛细管网换热器循环水的平均密度，kg/m3；u为毛细管内循环水流速，m/s；A为单根毛细管内截面积，m2；cp为循环水的平均比定压热容，J/（kg·℃）；tout为循环水出口温度，℃；tin为循环水入口温度，℃。
整个毛细管网换热器由96根毛细管并联而成，由于毛细管紧密排列，可将毛细管网视为面热源[22]，则单位敷设面积热流密度如式（2）所示。
式中：s为毛细管网的敷设面积，m2。
1.4 实验程序
首先进行实验装置调试和预实验，8 h预实验结果表明：随着热量的汲取，隧道内空气温度持续降低，约2 h后降至某个温度，随后趋于稳定。为保证传热效率和隧道内空气温度的恢复，确定整个实验周期为4 h，采用间歇运行方式，即：将实验过程划分为运行期（毛细管网换热器吸热阶段）和恢复期（温度恢复至初始温度阶段），二者比率确定为1∶1，即前2 h为运行期，后2 h为恢复期。其中，运行期前开启电加热带加热隧道内空气，调整配套调压器，使隧道内空气温度分别达到40、50 ℃并稳定运行30 min后，开启冷水机。采用挤塑板密封隧道两侧，以防外界因素干扰。运行期结束后，关闭冷水机，隧道内温度逐渐恢复至运行期的初始状态。
实验按照两种工况进行，隧道内空气初始温度t0分别设定为40、50 ℃。在两种工况下毛细管网支管循环水流速u（即单根毛细管内流速）分别设定为0.050、0.075、0.100、0.200 m/s；入口温度tin分别设定为5、10、15 ℃。
1.5 实验不确定度分析
毛细管网换热器换热速率不确定度如式（3）所示：
式中：U（q0）为毛细管网换热器换热量误差限，W；U（tin）为毛细管网循环水入口温度误差限，℃；U（tout）为毛细管网循环水出口温度误差限，℃；U（u）为毛细管网流速误差限，m/s。
以t0为50 ℃、u为0.075 m/s、tin为5 ℃为例，毛细管网循环水温度的误差限为0.2 ℃，U（u）为0.001 5 m/s，U（q0）为0.56 W，相对不确定度为3.76%。
2 实验结果与分析
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2.1 隧道内空气温度变化规律
图5所示为t0为50 ℃、u为0.075 m/s、tin为5 ℃时，3个断面在运行期和恢复期隧道内空气温度分布规律。运行期开始后，开启冷水机，由于循环水从隧道环境持续性吸热，导致隧道内空气温度逐渐降低，并趋于稳定；运行期结束后，关闭冷水机，恢复期内隧道温度因电加热带持续散热逐渐升至运行前的温度。不同断面隧道空气温度测点的变化趋势相似，但整个隧道温度分布不均匀，运行期内沿隧道轴线方向（水流方向）隧道空气温度逐渐升高，运行期结束3个断面的空气温度tair分别为31.9、36.6、37.5 ℃，这是由于循环水依次流经A-A断面、B-B断面和C-C断面，由于不断吸热，循环水温度逐渐升高，导致沿水流方向空气温度降幅减小。恢复期内，B-B断面位于隧道中间位置，其空气温度略高于处于隧道两端位置A-A断面和C-C断面的温度，恢复期结束3个断面的tair分别为49.6、51.0、49.3 ℃。综上可知，采用运行期和恢复期比率为1∶1的间歇运行，恢复期结束后隧道内空气能够恢复至运行前的温度。
2.2 隧道内空气温度对换热性能的影响
图6所示为u为0.075 m/s、tin为5 ℃时运行期隧道内空气温度tair、循环水出口温度tout和毛细管网单位面积换热量q的变化情况。由图6可知，q与tair具有相似的变化趋势。t0为50 ℃时，整个运行过程tair下降约14.7 ℃，Ⅰ阶段为温度陡降阶段，在约30 min tair降低了85%；Ⅱ阶段为缓降阶段，温度降低了13%；Ⅲ阶段为平稳阶段，温度降低约2%。运行初期tair和q均有较大降幅，是由于运行初期，tin与tair温差大，进而q大；随着运行时间的推移，tair降幅减小，毛细管网与周围环境之间的q逐渐减小，且趋于稳定。
在tin为5 ℃不变的条件下，t0和tin温差增加10 ℃，换热量增加45.9%。此外，在估算热力能源隧道的换热潜力时，还应考虑循环水入口温度和流速的影响。
2.3 循环水流速对传热性能的影响
毛细管网换热器管内流速对传热性能的影响主要由管内流体的状态引起，与管道中的质量流量或流速大小有关。由于毛细管管径小、循环水流速低，雷诺数Re<2 300，属于层流流动。tin为5 ℃，u分别为0.050、0.075、0.100、0.200 m/s时，对应的Re分别为99.5、149.3、199.1、398.2。吸热阶段隧道内空气温度tair变化如图7所示。随着u的增加，tair降幅由11.6 ℃增至22.3 ℃，稳定所需时间由60 min增至110 min，稳定后温度也更低。不同循环水流速u下换热量q的变化如图8所示，吸热阶段随着u的增加，运行120 min时q由143.09 W/m2增至187.22 W/m2。
实验中毛细管沿隧道壁面环向布置，循环水流动受输配系统动力（如泵）和重力等因素共同作用，即强制对流同时伴有一定程度的自然对流传热。随着流速的增加，毛细管网换热器中的水和管壁之间的对流传热系数增大，导致整体换热量增多；而由于毛细管内循环水与隧道内空气之间温差减少，相应的换热量随运行时间推移而持续下降，且降幅逐渐降低。
图9所示为吸热工况下运行至120 min，t0为50 ℃、tin为5 ℃时，不同循环水流速u下换热量q拟合曲线。由图9可知，随着u的增加，q逐渐增大，u增至0.1 m/s，q变化曲线呈水平渐近线变化，q逐渐稳定于187.22 W/m2。
2.4 循环水入口温度对传热性能影响
温差是热量传递的动力，在相同传热热阻条件下，温差越大，传递热量越大。图10所示为毛细管网换热器在不同供水温度下隧道内空气温度tair和换热量q的变化。当t0为50 ℃，tin分别为5、10、15 ℃时，隧道内空气温度在低流速u为0.050 m/s时运行至120 min时的温降分别为11.5、10.8、10.2 ℃，q分别为143.09、135.06、121.69W/m2。当u增至0.200 m/s时，tair温降分别为22.3、19.6、17.4 ℃，q分别为187.22、176.52、155.12 W/m2。随着tin升高，tin与tair的温差降低，q减小。
图11所示为吸热工况下运行至120 min时，不同循环水入口温度tin下换热量q的拟合曲线。由图11可知，不同tin下的q呈线性变化，当t0为50 ℃、u为0.075 m/s时，tin每升高1 ℃，q降低2.04%。
3 结论
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本文实验研究了毛细管网换热器在热力能源隧道中的应用效果，将实验过程划分为运行期和恢复期比率为1∶1的间歇运行，有利于隧道内空气温度的恢复；进一步研究了隧道内初始空气温度分别为40、50 ℃时吸热工况下循环水流速和入口温度对毛细管网换热器性能的影响，得到如下结论：
1）毛细管网换热器的换热量与隧道内空气温度具有相似的变化趋势，且隧道内初始空气温度越高，换热量越大。在循环水入口温度为5 ℃不变的条件下，隧道内初始空气温度和循环水入口温度tin温差增加10 ℃，换热量增加45.9%。
2）毛细管网换热器的换热量随着循环水流速的增加而增加，流速增至0.1 m/s后，换热量变化曲线呈水平渐近线变化，换热量逐渐稳定于187.22 W/m2。
3）循环水入口温度对毛细管网换热器换热量的影响较大，循环水入口温度越低，换热量越大。当隧道内初始空气温度为50 ℃，循环水流速为0.075 m/s时，循环水入口温度每升高1 ℃，换热量降低2.04%。
基金
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  • 北京市自然科学基金—海淀原始创新联合基金(L212068)
  • 北京市自然科学基金(3192034)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129
  • 接收时间：2024-01-11
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2025-04-16
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-11
  • 修回日期：2024-01-30
  • 录用日期：2024-04-03
基金
Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation-Haidian District Original Innovation Joint Fund(L212068)
北京市自然科学基金—海淀原始创新联合基金(L212068)
Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(3192034)
北京市自然科学基金(3192034)
作者信息
    1华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院　北京　102208
    2北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院　北京　100044
    3北京市政建设集团有限责任公司第三工程处　北京　100176
    4北京市政建设集团有限责任公司　北京　100480

通讯作者:

周国兵，男，教授，华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，13717509738，E-mail：。研究方向：相变储热与太阳能建筑。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.129
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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