Article(id=1239175125497598541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699545600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-10, revisedDate=1705334400000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-16, acceptedDate=1708876800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-26, onlineDate=1773371972679, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371972679, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371972679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371972679, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175125740868174, articleId=1239175125497598541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Performance Simulation of a Solar Assisted Desiccant Wheel and Adsorption Cooling System, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To reduce energy consumption in temperature- and humidity-independent air-conditioning systems and enhance solar energy utilization, this study developed a solar-assisted desiccant wheel and adsorption cooling system (SDCS-A) using TRNSYS 18. System performance under Guangzhou's climatic conditions was analyzed by varying collector areas and tank volumes together with evaluating metrics such as system coefficient of performance (COPsys), solar fraction (Fs), and primary energy consumption (Ep). These results were compared with those of a solar-assisted desiccant wheel and vapor compression cooling system (SDCS-C). Findings indicate that changes in collector area significantly influence Fs and Ep, with Fs increasing by an average of 12.18%, while variations in tank volume predominantly affect COPsys, with a maximum difference of 0.1. Compared to SDCS-C, SDCS-A achieved 6.51% higher monthly average COPsys, a 21.05% increase in Fs, and a 21.45% reduction in Ep during the cooling season. Furthermore, the system's performance across different climates was evaluated, demonstrating that Guangzhou offers more stable and higher monthly COPsys values than Beijing, Shanghai, and Lhasa.

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Huang Hongyu, male, professor, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 86-13928318638, E-mail: . Research fields: adsorption cooling technology, chemical thermal storage technology.
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为进一步减少温湿度独立控制空调系统的电能消耗,提高太阳能利用率,利用TRNSYS 18建立了一套太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统(SDCS-A)。从系统性能系数(COPsys)、太阳分数(Fs)和一次能源消耗量(Ep)等方面分析了广州气候条件下不同集热器面积和水箱体积对系统性能的影响,并与太阳能转轮除湿-压缩式制冷系统(SDCS-C)进行对比。结果表明:对于SDCS-A系统,改变集热器面积对FsEp的影响更显著,不同面积之间的Fs平均增幅为12.18%,而改变水箱体积对COPsys影响更大,不同水箱体积之间最大差值为0.1。与SDCS-C相比,在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的月平均COPsys和月平均Fs分别提高6.51%和21.05%,月平均Ep降低21.45%。同时,研究了SDCS-A系统在不同气候条件下的运行性能,结果表明,相较于北京、上海和拉萨3个地区,广州气候条件下具有更稳定和更高的月COPsys

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黄宏宇,男,研究员,中国科学院广州能源研究所,13928318638,E-mail:. 研究方向:吸附式制冷技术,化学蓄热技术。
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类别参数
建筑尺寸长×宽×高:8 m×6 m×3 m
窗墙比5∶12
人数6人
房间配置6台电脑、3盏灯
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类别参数
建筑尺寸长×宽×高:8 m×6 m×3 m
窗墙比5∶12
人数6人
房间配置6台电脑、3盏灯
), ArticleFig(id=1239175138927760325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175125497598541, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Parameter values of the building envelope, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别各层材料厚度/m传热系数/[W/(m2·K)]
 砖石0.240 
外墙绝热层0.1000.339
 抹灰0.015 
屋顶混凝土0.2003.770
 地板0.005 
地面砂石0.0600.834
 混凝土0.240 
 隔离层0.040 
窗户双层玻璃1.100
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类别各层材料厚度/m传热系数/[W/(m2·K)]
 砖石0.240 
外墙绝热层0.1000.339
 抹灰0.015 
屋顶混凝土0.2003.770
 地板0.005 
地面砂石0.0600.834
 混凝土0.240 
 隔离层0.040 
窗户双层玻璃1.100
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部件模块参数类别参数值
SDCS-CSDCS-ASDCS-CSDCS-A
集热器Type1b集热器面积/m220、25、30、35、40
储热水箱Type4c水箱体积/m30.50、0.75、1.00、1.25、1.50
除湿转轮Type1716a工艺空气出口湿度/(g/kg)0.008
压缩制冷机Type954c总制冷容量/kW3
出口空气相对湿度/%50
直接蒸发式制冷器Type506a再生空气入口流速/(kg/s)0.5
饱和效率0.9
吸附式制冷机Type909辅助电能输入/kW0.5
冷冻水出口温度/℃15
冷冻水泵Type114冷冻水流速/(kg/s)1.5
水泵效率0.6
冷却水泵Type114冷却水流速/(kg/s)2
水泵效率0.6
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部件模块参数类别参数值
SDCS-CSDCS-ASDCS-CSDCS-A
集热器Type1b集热器面积/m220、25、30、35、40
储热水箱Type4c水箱体积/m30.50、0.75、1.00、1.25、1.50
除湿转轮Type1716a工艺空气出口湿度/(g/kg)0.008
压缩制冷机Type954c总制冷容量/kW3
出口空气相对湿度/%50
直接蒸发式制冷器Type506a再生空气入口流速/(kg/s)0.5
饱和效率0.9
吸附式制冷机Type909辅助电能输入/kW0.5
冷冻水出口温度/℃15
冷冻水泵Type114冷冻水流速/(kg/s)1.5
水泵效率0.6
冷却水泵Type114冷却水流速/(kg/s)2
水泵效率0.6
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状态点温度/℃含湿量/[(kg/kg)干空气]
模拟结果A. Kodama等[20]误差/%模拟结果A. Kodama等[20]误差/%
254.1355.502.470.004 400.004 400.00
325.0124.800.830.004 4048 0.0041.79
414.8014.502.060.008 580.009 206.69
526.0026.000.000.010 0000 0.0100.01
619.6120.001.940.012 800.012 800.03
748.2951.506.230.012 8050 0.0122.37
879.7480.000.320.012 800.012 502.37
956.9856.001.750.019 350.018 106.90
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状态点温度/℃含湿量/[(kg/kg)干空气]
模拟结果A. Kodama等[20]误差/%模拟结果A. Kodama等[20]误差/%
254.1355.502.470.004 400.004 400.00
325.0124.800.830.004 4048 0.0041.79
414.8014.502.060.008 580.009 206.69
526.0026.000.000.010 0000 0.0100.01
619.6120.001.940.012 800.012 800.03
748.2951.506.230.012 8050 0.0122.37
879.7480.000.320.012 800.012 502.37
956.9856.001.750.019 350.018 106.90
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月份H. Azad Gilani等[21]模拟结果误差%
159.3258.151.97
260.2558.482.93
361.4459.373.36
461.3661.120.39
561.2663.792.46
663.0365.904.56
762.9265.413.95
863.6064.641.64
965.4562.923.87
1064.2859.777.01
1161.8158.485.38
1260.9658.264.42
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月份H. Azad Gilani等[21]模拟结果误差%
159.3258.151.97
260.2558.482.93
361.4459.373.36
461.3661.120.39
561.2663.792.46
663.0365.904.56
762.9265.413.95
863.6064.641.64
965.4562.923.87
1064.2859.777.01
1161.8158.485.38
1260.9658.264.42
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太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统的性能仿真研究
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姜美玲 1 , 曾涛 2 , 林树森 2 , 邓立生 2 , 李军 2 , 黄宏宇 2 , 罗向龙 1
制冷学报 | 2025,46(2): 47-58
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制冷学报 | 2025, 46(2): 47-58
太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统的性能仿真研究
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姜美玲1, 曾涛2, 林树森2, 邓立生2, 李军2, 黄宏宇2 , 罗向龙1
作者信息
  • 1广东工业大学材料与能源学院 广州 510006
  • 2中国科学院广州能源研究所 广州 510640

通讯作者:

黄宏宇,男,研究员,中国科学院广州能源研究所,13928318638,E-mail:. 研究方向:吸附式制冷技术,化学蓄热技术。
Performance Simulation of a Solar Assisted Desiccant Wheel and Adsorption Cooling System
Meiling Jiang1, Tao Zeng2, Shusen Lin2, Lisheng Deng2, Jun Li2, Hongyu Huang2 , Xianglong Luo1
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangdong University of Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou, 510006, China
  • 2.Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
出版时间: 2025-04-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047
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为进一步减少温湿度独立控制空调系统的电能消耗,提高太阳能利用率,利用TRNSYS 18建立了一套太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统(SDCS-A)。从系统性能系数(COPsys)、太阳分数(Fs)和一次能源消耗量(Ep)等方面分析了广州气候条件下不同集热器面积和水箱体积对系统性能的影响,并与太阳能转轮除湿-压缩式制冷系统(SDCS-C)进行对比。结果表明:对于SDCS-A系统,改变集热器面积对FsEp的影响更显著,不同面积之间的Fs平均增幅为12.18%,而改变水箱体积对COPsys影响更大,不同水箱体积之间最大差值为0.1。与SDCS-C相比,在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的月平均COPsys和月平均Fs分别提高6.51%和21.05%,月平均Ep降低21.45%。同时,研究了SDCS-A系统在不同气候条件下的运行性能,结果表明,相较于北京、上海和拉萨3个地区,广州气候条件下具有更稳定和更高的月COPsys

To reduce energy consumption in temperature- and humidity-independent air-conditioning systems and enhance solar energy utilization, this study developed a solar-assisted desiccant wheel and adsorption cooling system (SDCS-A) using TRNSYS 18. System performance under Guangzhou's climatic conditions was analyzed by varying collector areas and tank volumes together with evaluating metrics such as system coefficient of performance (COPsys), solar fraction (Fs), and primary energy consumption (Ep). These results were compared with those of a solar-assisted desiccant wheel and vapor compression cooling system (SDCS-C). Findings indicate that changes in collector area significantly influence Fs and Ep, with Fs increasing by an average of 12.18%, while variations in tank volume predominantly affect COPsys, with a maximum difference of 0.1. Compared to SDCS-C, SDCS-A achieved 6.51% higher monthly average COPsys, a 21.05% increase in Fs, and a 21.45% reduction in Ep during the cooling season. Furthermore, the system's performance across different climates was evaluated, demonstrating that Guangzhou offers more stable and higher monthly COPsys values than Beijing, Shanghai, and Lhasa.

姜美玲, 曾涛, 林树森, 邓立生, 李军, 黄宏宇, 罗向龙. 太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统的性能仿真研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 47 -58 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047
Meiling Jiang, Tao Zeng, Shusen Lin, Lisheng Deng, Jun Li, Hongyu Huang, Xianglong Luo. Performance Simulation of a Solar Assisted Desiccant Wheel and Adsorption Cooling System[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (2) : 47 -58 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047
随着世界经济的发展,全球能源消耗量在不断上升,其中很大一部分用于建筑空间的供暖制冷和通风。目前,我国能源结构仍以化石能源为主,能源消耗量不断上升,导致环境污染问题日益严重。在热带和亚热带地区,空调系统的能耗约占建筑能耗的50%~70%[1]。为降低建筑空调能耗,发展高效的制冷技术迫在眉睫。近些年来,对太阳能的研究利用范围日益扩大,特别是太阳能与制冷系统的结合[2],太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统(solar desiccant cooling systems,SDCSs)是一种使用太阳能作为驱动能源的制冷系统,已经发展了几十年,在各种行业得到广泛应用,包括制药、食品加工、医疗产品等,是空调领域的一个重要分支[3]。SDCSs系统结构如图1所示,包括太阳能集热器、储热水箱、除湿转轮、蒸发冷却器等部件,组成太阳能热水和转轮除湿2个子系统。
转轮除湿子系统降低环境空气中的湿度和温度,为室内提供舒适的空气环境;太阳能热水子系统为除湿转轮提供再生所需热量。SDCSs优势在于可以利用低品位热源驱动、几乎不用使用非自然工质以及再生温度较低[4]。为了达到室内舒适的湿度环境,传统空调系统需要采用过度冷却的方式处理环境空气中过多的水分,导致处理空气温度过低,一般需要再热才能达到较为舒适的空气温度[5]。与传统空调系统的区别是,SDCSs可以独立处理显热负荷和潜热负荷,不需要将处理空气过冷再热,进一步减少能源消耗。
1955年,N. A. Pennington[6]取得了第1个关于转轮除湿的专利,近几十年来,许多学者设计和研究了各种不同的SDCSs。德国里萨某技术中心[7]建立了以太阳能作为热源的转轮除湿空调系统,运行情况显示,太阳能集热的保证率最大达76%,空调的COP(性能系数,coefficient of performance)为0.6。许多学者[8-11]通过实验和模拟研究了太阳能转能除湿系统的性能,结果表明,在相同条件下,相较于传统系统,太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统有很大的节能潜力。M. M. S. Dezfouli等[1]和R. Narayanan等[12]提出多种结构不同的太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统,结果表明,相较于传统压缩式制冷系统,结合了除湿制冷模块的制冷系统能更有效地在湿热环境中为室内提供舒适的空气环境,且节能效果显著。综上所述,SDCSs是一种适用于高温高湿气候的空调制冷系统。但传统的SDCSs通常需要结合以电能为驱动力的压缩式制冷系统为室内提供冷量,对电力系统造成负担。
由于太阳能制冷技术对环境友好,节能效果明显,被视为适合替代传统制冷技术的制冷方式之一[13]。吸附式制冷技术是一种可以利用太阳能等低品位热能驱动的制冷技术[14],结构简单,可采用环保制冷剂,且具有无运动部件、低振动、低噪音等优点[15-17]。目前对于吸附式制冷系统的研究,主要针对太阳能空调系统的应用[18],耦合转轮除湿系统和吸附式制冷系统的动态模拟研究较少。
为进一步降低SDCSs的运行能耗,提高太阳能利用率,本文基于太阳能转轮除湿-压缩式制冷系统(solar assisted desiccantwheel and compression cooling system,SDCS-C),提出了一种太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统(solar assisted desiccantwheel and adsorption cooling system,SDCS-A),利用TRNSYS 18建立SDCS-C和SDCS-A模型,研究了集热器面积、水箱体积对SDCS-C和SDCS-A性能的影响。同时,研究了SDCS-A在4种不同气候条件下的运行性能。
SDCS-A的系统结构如图2所示,整个系统包括太阳能热水系统、转轮除湿系统和吸附式制冷系统3个子系统。工艺空气侧:室外空气通过风机进入除湿转轮中,由于环境空气中水蒸气含量较高,水蒸气分压较大,因此,在经过除湿转轮时,工艺空气中的水蒸气被转轮中固体干燥剂吸附,工艺空气湿度降低,同时温度也上升。干燥且温度较高的工艺空气经过空-空换热器,与温度较低的室内回风进行热交换,降低工艺空气的温度,最后经过吸附式制冷系统中的送风盘管。吸附式制冷子系统中的吸附床在加热和冷却交替过程中完成解吸和吸附过程[19]
吸附床中吸附剂具有吸附作用,吸附作用使蒸发器中制冷剂蒸发吸热,为送风盘管提供冷冻水,同时,吸附剂通过吸收热量使制冷剂解吸,完成制冷循环过程。送风盘管中的冷冻水与工艺空气换热,将工艺空气温度降至室内所需温度,送入室内。再生空气侧:利用室内回风作为转轮除湿系统的再生空气。通过风机将室内回风送入空-空换热器中,与高温的工艺空气热交换,进行预热。然后进入水-空换热器,吸收太阳能热水系统中水的热量,将再生空气温度升至除湿转轮再生所需温度,最终送入除湿转轮中,带走转轮中水蒸气后排出。而太阳能热水子系统则是通过集热器将吸收的太阳能转化为热能,使管道中液体温度上升,为转轮除湿系统除湿转轮中固体干燥剂以及吸附式制冷系统中吸附材料提供再生所需热量。当吸收的太阳能不足以提供所需热量时,则使用辅助热源。整个系统使用吸附式制冷系统为室内提供制冷负荷。
本文研究的2种太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统(SDCS-C和SDCS-A)应用于相同的办公室建筑中。该办公室建筑面积为48 m2,具体的办公室建筑概况及墙体等维护结构设置如表1表2所示。
使用TRNSYS 18软件,基于Meteonorm 8生成的广州地区的典型气候气象文件,对SDCS-C和SDCS-A这2个系统进行制冷季的逐时动态模拟。其中,广州地区全年的环境空气干球温度和湿度情况如图3所示。由图3可知,广州地区5—10月均有制冷需求,制冷季时间长,环境温度高且湿度较大。广州最高环境温度和湿度可达37.75 ℃和0.025 5 kg/kg(干空气),因此在整个制冷季,除了降低室内温度外,降低空气湿度也很有必要。
模拟过程中,将室内温度控制在约26 ℃,相对湿度保持在约60%,运行时间为08:00—18:00,每天运行10 h。基于上述建筑结构以及条件设置,使用TRNSYS 18软件进行建模,得到整个制冷季办公室的逐时负荷情况,如图4所示。在模拟过程中,逐时显热负荷(即满足办公室空气温度处于设定温度所需制冷量)较高,最高可达2.40 kW。相较于显热负荷,潜热负荷较少,但仍有除湿需求,最高时为0.73 kW。
使用TRNSYS 18对SDCS-C和SDCS-A这2种太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统建模,并进行5—10月整个制冷季以1 h为时间步长的动态模拟,图5所示为2个系统使用TRNSYS 18构建的模型。相较于SDCS-C,SDCS-A使用吸附式制冷系统为办公室提供冷负荷。SDCS-A系统中包含集热器、储热水箱、除湿转轮、吸附式制冷机和冷却塔等部件,其中水箱出口水温为100 ℃,工艺空气和再生空气流速均为1.6 kg/s,部分的部件选型及参数如表3所示。
太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统由热能和电力驱动,本文用太阳分数(Fs)、系统性能(COPsys)和一次能源消耗量(Ep)评价系统的整体性能。除上述3个主要性能参数外,还使用集热器效率(ηsolar)评价2个系统运行状况。Fs是评价太阳能系统性能的常用参数,定义为太阳能系统提供的总热量中集热器提供的太阳能产生热量的占比,表达式如下:
式中:Qsolar为集热器输出热量,kW;Qaux为辅助加热提供热量,kW。
COPsys是一项评价系统运行性能的重要指标,本文中,COPsys的表达式为:
式中:Qc为系统提供的总制冷量,kW;Wd为系统中所有的电能消耗(包括水泵、风扇和压缩机等),kW;Qd为整个系统中热量的输入(如输入吸附式制冷系统和输入除湿制冷系统等子系统中的所有热量),kW。
为了明确系统的节能效果,本文使用一次能源消耗量(Ep)指标,将2个系统的能源消耗量进行对比。Ep的表达式为:
式中:Win为整个系统的总电力输入,kW;ηgridηaux为电网输出效率和辅助加热效率,分别为33%和90%。
集热器效率(ηsolar)即系统将光能转换成热能并储存起来的能力,表达式为:
式中:Qu为集热器吸收的太阳能热量,kW;A为集热器面积,m2IT为集热器倾斜面上总辐射强度,kW/m2
本文提出一种将吸附式制冷系统与太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统耦合的节能空调系统,并且通过改变系统的集热器面积、水箱体积和气候条件,研究不同工况下SDCS-A和SDCS-C的性能表现。当改变其中一个条件时,其他条件保持不变,例如,当改变集热器面积时,除集热器面积以外的所有系统参数均不发生改变。最终通过使用上文提出的3个指标,评价各工况下的系统整体性能。
对于整个太阳能转轮除湿制冷系统而言,只要太阳能热水子系统能够提供足够的再生热,转轮除湿子系统就能顺利运行,且2个子系统的相互影响作用较小,因此,本文将整个太阳能除湿转轮系统分为除湿转轮子系统和太阳能热水子系统2部分进行验证。针对传统转轮除湿制冷系统,将建立的传统转轮除湿制冷系统与A. Kodama等[20]的实验数据进行对比。表4所示为模拟结果与验证文献中的数据对比。
表4可知,模拟结果与A. Kodama等的实验结果吻合较好,最大误差位于状态点9的含湿量,最大误差为6.90%,在可接受的误差范围之内,每个状态点的温度和含湿量的平均误差分别为1.95%和2.52%。对于太阳能热水子系统的验证,使用H. Azad Gilani等[21]的模拟数据,通过对比每个月水箱出口的平均温度进行验证。由表5可知,每个月水箱平均温度的误差均在10%之内,最大误差在10月为7.01%,在可接受的误差范围之内。
为了研究集热器面积对SDCS-A和SDCS-C制冷系统性能特性的影响,在整个制冷季的模拟过程中,集热器面积从20 m2变化至40 m2,其他条件保持不变。变化的集热器面积对SDCS-A和SDCS-C系统性能的影响分别如图6图7所示。模拟结果表明,集热器面积的变化对Fs的影响更显著,因为集热器面积增加,集热器吸收到的太阳能更多,因此随着集热器面积的增加,Fs逐渐上升,不同面积之间的Fs平均增幅为12.18%。
图6(a)可知,各月份的COPsys变化较大,但不同集热器面积之间的COPsys相差较小。因为各月份之间的太阳辐照度以及环境空气温度等因素变化较为明显,这些因素的变化会影响整个系统的输入热量,最终影响COPsys。同时,因为集热器面积的增加,集热器吸收到更多的太阳能,而系统的制冷量相同,额外输入系统的热量减少,因此制冷系统的一次能源消耗量Ep随集热器面积的增大而减少,当集热器面积分别为20 m2和25 m2时,Ep减少量的最大值为2 793.55 kW·h,降低了8.23%。当集热器面积为30 m2时,COPsys在9月时最高为0.57,FsEp均保持在中等水平,但与其他集热器面积工况下相差较小,考虑到系统性能及建设成本,SDCS-A的集热器面积为30 m2
集热器面积变化对SDCS-C的系统性能的影响变化规律如图7所示。和SDCS-A系统类似,集热器面积的变化对系统的COPsys的影响较小。同样,随着集热器面积的增加,SDCS-C系统的Fs逐步上升,但不同集热器面积的条件下,辅助加热量和消耗的电能相差较小,因此Ep无明显差异。综合考虑系统性能及建设成本,设置集热器面积为30 m2
除了集热器面积会对太阳能制冷系统的性能产生影响以外,水箱体积也是影响系统性能的因素之一。本节研究水箱体积变化对制冷系统性能的影响,研究方法与3.2节相同,系统各项参数除水箱体积由0.50 m3增至1.50 m3之外,其他参数保持不变,分析不同工况中COPsysFs以及Ep的变化情况。图8所示为SDCS-A系统的3项性能参数随不同水箱体积的变化,图9所示为SDCS-C系统的模拟结果。
对于SDCS-A系统,随着水箱体积的增大,系统制冷量和电能消耗不变,输入系统的热量逐渐增加,因此COPsys呈下降趋势,水箱体积分别为0.5 m3和1.5 m3时,COPsys最大差值为0.1。随着水箱体积的变化,集热器吸收的热量与输入系统的总热量变化幅度相差较小,因此各水箱体积工况下的Fs相差较小,但由于各月份之间辐照强度的变化影响更大,因此各月份之间的Fs相差较为显著。从5月到10月,各月的辐照强度均在增加,因此Fs呈上升趋势,但8月的温度较高,对集热器的效率影响较大,因此8月的Fs更小。由于水箱体积的增加,系统提供给水箱的辅助加热量增加,因此整个制冷系统的Ep消耗量不断增加。对于SDCS-A系统的Ep,当系统处于制冷需求较小,输入系统的热量较小的月份,如10月,不同水箱体积之间的变化程度较小;当系统处于5—9月建筑制冷需求较大且需要额外输入热量更多的月份时,不同水箱体积之间的Ep差异显著。由图8可知,当水箱体积为0.75 m3时,系统各性能参数均可保持在较好水平。
SDCS-C系统的3项性能参数的变化趋势与SDCS-A不同。在SDCA-C系统中,不同的水箱体积之间3项参数均相差较小。随着水箱体积的变化,提供给水箱的辅助加热量会发生变化,因此也会影响Ep。由图9可知,因为系统每个月消耗的电能不变,水箱体积的变化对系统额外输入的热量值影响很小,因此对Ep的影响很小。Fs随水箱体积变化的变化较为明显,当水箱体积为1.50 m3时,系统的Fs始终高于其他工况,Fs最大为0.211,但当水箱体积为1.00 m3时,Fs最大值为0.205,相差较小,考虑建筑成本,水箱体积选择1.00 m3
基于上述因素对系统性能的影响,对于SDCS-A系统选择集热器面积为30 m2,水箱体积为0.75 m3为最佳运行工况,SDCS-C系统则选择集热器面积为30 m2,水箱体积为1.00 m3为最佳运行工况。对2个系统在整个制冷季模拟运行并进行对比,运行结果如图10所示。
在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A系统在5、6月中消耗的辅助加热量高于SDCS-C消耗的量,因此SDCS-A系统的COPsys在5、6月低于SDCS-C系统,而7月之后,SDCS-A消耗的辅助加热量减少,且低于SDCS-C系统的辅助加热量,SDCS-A的电力消耗也远小于SDCS-C,所以SDCS-A系统的COPsys在7月有一个明显的上升趋势,并高于SDCS-C系统的COPsys。SDCS-A系统COPsys在9月存在最大值为0.57,SDCS-C在7月存在最大值为0.48,在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的月平均COPsys比SDCS-C提高了6.51%。由图10(b)~(d)可知,在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的Fs始终高于SDCS-C系统,SDCS-A的月平均Fs比SDCS-C高21.05%,Ep始终低于SDCS-C系统,相较于SDCS-C,SDCS-A的月平均Ep减少21.45%。2个系统的ηsolar相差较小,因此对于太阳能的利用和节能效果方面,SDCS-A优于SDCS-C。
除了对比上述系统评价指标之外,本文还对比了2个系统的电力性能(COPe)和热力性能(COPth)。图10(e)和(f)分别为2个系统的月平均COPe和COPth变化。SDCS-A系统的COPe和COPth均高于SDCS-C系统,特别是COPe。综合对比以上性能参数可知,SDCS-A系统在能源利用及节能效果方面均优于SDCS-C系统,有很大的节能潜力和研究前景。
为研究SDCS-A系统是否也适用于除广州这类高温高湿的气候条件之外的地区,本文还选取了北京、上海和拉萨3个不同的气候条件进行模拟。在4个地区中,整个模拟时间段内,广州环境空气的温度和相对湿度较高,有很大的除湿降温需求,北京和上海仅在夏季有除湿和制冷的需求,拉萨地区环境空气的温度和相对湿度波动不明显,相较于其他地区保持在较低水平,但平均辐照量一直高于其他地区。
本文基于SDCS-A系统,使用不同气候条件的典型气象条件,在整个制冷季进行模拟,使用4.2节和4.3节所述影响因素,分析不同气候条件下SDCS-A系统的性能表现,并选取在各气候条件下的最佳工况进行对比。各个地区SDCS-A系统均可提供能够满足人体室内舒适需求的空气(空气温度低于26 ℃,空气相对湿度低于60%)。图11所示为SDCS-A系统使用相应的典型气候条件运行后各地区COPsysFs以及Ep的变化情况。
可知,系统制冷量影响着各系统的COPsys,广州地区在整个制冷季均有除湿和制冷需求,月平均COPsys最高,为0.47,北京和上海气候相似,月平均COPsys均为0.34,由于拉萨地区在模拟时间段内制冷需求较小,因此月平均COPsys小于其他地区,为-0.18。
在模拟时间段内,9、10月广州气候下系统的制冷量高于其他地区,因此COPsys也明显高于其他地区。从Fs来看,辐射量对Fs的影响最大,拉萨地区的辐射量最大,Fs也明显高于北京、上海和广州地区,最大时为0.66。对比各地区的Ep,模拟时间段内,平均环境空气湿度越大的城市,消耗的辅助加热量更多,因此消耗的一次能源量更多。虽然SDCS-A系统在广州地区消耗的能源量是最多的,但系统在运行期间的除湿量最多,对室内环境的改善也最明显。根据总体性能表现而言,SDCS-A系统更适用于有一定除湿制冷需求的地区,如广州,或夏季有制冷需求的北京。
本文基于传统的太阳能除湿制冷空调系统,提出一种新型太阳能转轮除湿-吸附式制冷系统(SDCS-A),并使用TRNSYS 18软件搭建相应的系统模型,在不同条件下对SDCS-A和SDCS-C进行仿真研究,研究了不同集热器面积、水箱体积下SDCS-A和SDCS-C的性能表现,并对比不同气候条件下SDCS-A的运行性能,得到如下结论:
1)对于SDCS-A和SDCS-C,改变集热器面积,对COPsys的影响较小,对FsEp的影响更显著,对于SDCS-A,不同面积之间Fs的平均增幅为12.18%。综合考虑系统的性能及成本,最终确定2个系统的集热器面积均为30 m2
2)水箱体积发生变化时,对于SDCS-A,随着水箱体积的增大,COPsys呈下降趋势,不同水箱体积之间最大差值为0.1,各水箱体积工况下的Fs相差较小,对于SDCS-C,水箱体积的变化对COPsys基本无影响,Fs随水箱体积变化的变化程度较为明显。基于系统的各项性能表现,SDCS-A和SDCS-C系统的最佳水箱体积分别为0.75 m3和1.00 m3
3)相较于SDCS-C,SDCS-A有更好的节能潜力及研究前景。SDCS-A具有较高的COPsys,最大值为0.57,而SDCS-C最大值为0.48。在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的月平均Fs比SDCS-C高21.05%,与SDCS-C相比,在整个制冷季中,SDCS-A的月平均COPsys和月平均Fs分别提高6.51%和21.05%,月平均Ep降低21.45%。
4)SDCS-A更适用于高温高湿的气候条件,如广州,虽然在高温高湿的气候下消耗的Ep更多,广州地区在整个制冷月平均COPsys最高,为0.47,北京和上海的月平均COPsys均为0.34,拉萨的月平均COPsys仅为-0.18。在环境空气相对湿度较低的地区,例如拉萨,反而会造成能源的浪费。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB1507303)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047
  • 接收时间:2023-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2025-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-10
  • 修回日期:2024-01-16
  • 录用日期:2024-02-26
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB1507303)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB1507303)
作者信息
    1广东工业大学材料与能源学院 广州 510006
    2中国科学院广州能源研究所 广州 510640

通讯作者:

黄宏宇,男,研究员,中国科学院广州能源研究所,13928318638,E-mail:. 研究方向:吸附式制冷技术,化学蓄热技术。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.047
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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