Article(id=1239175122762920887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700150400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-17, revisedDate=1706457600000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-29, acceptedDate=1708272000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-19, onlineDate=1773371972027, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1744732800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371972027, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371972027, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371972027, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239175122226049974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371971898, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773372071198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239175538779148684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239175122226049974, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239175122955858872, articleId=1239175122762920887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Research Status of Microchannel Heat Dissipation Technology Based on Porous Structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The rapid development of microelectronic devices has driven a trend toward miniaturized and lightweight electronic devices with high heat flux. Porous structures are increasingly used in heat dissipation due to their ability to expand the heat transfer area, enhance nucleation sites for boiling, and regulate surface wettability, significantly improving boiling heat transfer. Microchannel heat dissipation technology based on porous structures has emerged as an effective and promising method to enhance heat sink performance. Recent advancements highlight three common configurations: porous structures on microchannel surfaces, porous materials within microchannels, and porous microchannel skeletons. These structures encompass coatings, microcavities, metal foams, porous fins, and ribs. This article reviews progress in microchannel heat dissipation using porous structures, evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of these configurations, addresses challenges such as balancing heat transfer and pressure drop, and proposes optimization strategies to overcome these issues.
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Zhang Li, female, professor, doctoral supervisor, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 86-21-64252847, E-mail:
lzhang@ecust.edu.cn. Research fields: enhanced heat transfer technology and equipment.
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随着微电子器件的飞速发展,电子设备越来越倾向于小型轻量化、高集成度、高热流密度的方向发展。多孔结构因其能有效拓展传热面积、增加汽化核心和调控壁面润湿性而强化沸腾传热,广泛应用于散热领域。基于多孔结构的微通道散热技术是提高散热器性能十分有效且极具发展前景的方法。微通道表面多孔结构、微通道内填充多孔材料和微通道骨架为多孔结构是近年来3种常见的多孔结构和微通道相结合增强沸腾传热的结构形式,多孔结构主要包括多孔涂层、微腔、金属泡沫、多孔翅片和多孔肋等。主要对近年来基于多孔结构的微通道散热技术的研究进展进行了综述,对比分析了上述3种强化传热结构的优缺点,阐述了微通道散热器在传热性能和压降的平衡设计方面所面临的问题,并提出了相关的优化设计方法。
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三角形空腔和矩形翅片微通道[9], figureFileSmall=fTPtmhcZJEdTjYL1IbRXzA==, figureFileBig=BghjRXZAfVaNf9tsbgZ7og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129368948804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Microchannels with different metal foam filling rates[6], figureFileSmall=nPbSBPiO4ZA/mcQhe0WOqw==, figureFileBig=/PS1yWUx/CWHNb+Y1yx4Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129461223496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
具有不同金属泡沫填充率的微通道[6], figureFileSmall=nPbSBPiO4ZA/mcQhe0WOqw==, figureFileBig=/PS1yWUx/CWHNb+Y1yx4Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129557692494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Manifold microchannels with different ribs structures[27], figureFileSmall=7m+eLaW84+F6GyUo9HYRvQ==, figureFileBig=2nGWef55BGUVpMjfCRxvNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129624801361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
具有不同肋片结构的歧管微通道[27], figureFileSmall=7m+eLaW84+F6GyUo9HYRvQ==, figureFileBig=2nGWef55BGUVpMjfCRxvNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129708687444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of microchannels with different configurations[30], figureFileSmall=xYGNIMhhml72QLYpeGO7Bw==, figureFileBig=WKlLxQKzAMyFifAVBZdaWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129855488092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同配置的微通道示意图[30], figureFileSmall=xYGNIMhhml72QLYpeGO7Bw==, figureFileBig=WKlLxQKzAMyFifAVBZdaWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175129960345699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Vertical porous and solid ribs with different geometric shapes[31], figureFileSmall=bA8cSROsJ4C6R6NcrysR+g==, figureFileBig=oCT6Tjkb99IL4eWO5z/LDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130040037482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同几何形状的垂直多孔和实心肋[31], figureFileSmall=bA8cSROsJ4C6R6NcrysR+g==, figureFileBig=oCT6Tjkb99IL4eWO5z/LDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130170060912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
3D printed concave microchannel structure and SEM images[33], figureFileSmall=XBKovb4OBuwgwY5WSO9kkA==, figureFileBig=/yut6+Jd40yfHPMbSlrxDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130245558390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
3D打印的凹型微通道结构和SEM图像[33], figureFileSmall=XBKovb4OBuwgwY5WSO9kkA==, figureFileBig=/yut6+Jd40yfHPMbSlrxDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130346221692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Double layered microchannels:the upper layer is a porous fin,and the lower layer is a solid fin[43], figureFileSmall=cQqnXLCB3Gvj03n5TM/FEQ==, figureFileBig=7aFUDE5pTVAUOMxQ5abYpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130484633730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
双层微通道:上层多孔翅片下层实心翅片[43], figureFileSmall=cQqnXLCB3Gvj03n5TM/FEQ==, figureFileBig=7aFUDE5pTVAUOMxQ5abYpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239175130581102727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Summary of enhanced thermal performance of microchannel surface porous structure, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| V. Y. S. Lee等[14] | 铜镍合金涂层 | 数控铣削 | 涂层厚度:6μm | HFE-7200 | qw:24.5~206.6 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 增加成核位置 |
| 曾龙等[15] | 多孔壁面 | 激光直写 | 粗糙度升高48.7% | 去离子水 | G:200、500 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积、促进流体扰动 |
| B. Majumder等[16] | 多孔铝涂层 | 热蒸发技术 | 涂层厚度:5、100、150 nm | R600a | qw:9.39~74.98 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点密度、表面粗糙度、表面孔隙率增加 |
| M. Aravinthan等[17] | 疏水涂层 | 化学镀锌技术 | 涂层厚度:4 μm | 去离子水 | G:100~650 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积、润湿性 |
| He Bolin等[18] | 多孔涂层 | 烧结、线切割 | 涂层厚度:0.3 mm | R141b | G:158~348 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点的数量更大,气泡尺寸和分布更均匀 |
| M. A. H. Mudhafar等[19] | 微孔涂层 | 喷涂法 | 涂层厚度:150 μm | FC-72 | Q:210 mL/min | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增加活性空腔、加强了液体补充 |
| B. P. Benam等[20] | 人工空腔 | 离子蚀刻 | 空腔数:0、50、100 | 去离子水 | qw:7.2、45、115 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 空腔作为成核位点在表面形成小气泡 |
| Zhang Dongwei等[21] | 空腔 | — | 空腔深度:5 μm | 去离子水 | Re:50~500 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 边界层再开发、通道内流体的冷热交换 |
| Lin Yuhao等[22] | 微腔 | — | 微腔直径:25 μm | 水 | 流速:0.522 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点的空腔阵列增强传热 |
| Li Y. F.等[9] | 空腔+翅片 | 离子蚀刻 | 宽度:25 μm | 纯丙酮 | G:83~442 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 防止局部干燥、流动扰动效应和微翅片的气泡破碎效应 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175130727903376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
微通道表面多孔结构增强传热性能总结, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| V. Y. S. Lee等[14] | 铜镍合金涂层 | 数控铣削 | 涂层厚度:6μm | HFE-7200 | qw:24.5~206.6 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 增加成核位置 |
| 曾龙等[15] | 多孔壁面 | 激光直写 | 粗糙度升高48.7% | 去离子水 | G:200、500 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积、促进流体扰动 |
| B. Majumder等[16] | 多孔铝涂层 | 热蒸发技术 | 涂层厚度:5、100、150 nm | R600a | qw:9.39~74.98 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点密度、表面粗糙度、表面孔隙率增加 |
| M. Aravinthan等[17] | 疏水涂层 | 化学镀锌技术 | 涂层厚度:4 μm | 去离子水 | G:100~650 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积、润湿性 |
| He Bolin等[18] | 多孔涂层 | 烧结、线切割 | 涂层厚度:0.3 mm | R141b | G:158~348 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点的数量更大,气泡尺寸和分布更均匀 |
| M. A. H. Mudhafar等[19] | 微孔涂层 | 喷涂法 | 涂层厚度:150 μm | FC-72 | Q:210 mL/min | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增加活性空腔、加强了液体补充 |
| B. P. Benam等[20] | 人工空腔 | 离子蚀刻 | 空腔数:0、50、100 | 去离子水 | qw:7.2、45、115 kW/m2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 空腔作为成核位点在表面形成小气泡 |
| Zhang Dongwei等[21] | 空腔 | — | 空腔深度:5 μm | 去离子水 | Re:50~500 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 边界层再开发、通道内流体的冷热交换 |
| Lin Yuhao等[22] | 微腔 | — | 微腔直径:25 μm | 水 | 流速:0.522 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 成核位点的空腔阵列增强传热 |
| Li Y. F.等[9] | 空腔+翅片 | 离子蚀刻 | 宽度:25 μm | 纯丙酮 | G:83~442 kg/(m2·s) | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 防止局部干燥、流动扰动效应和微翅片的气泡破碎效应 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175130841149587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Summary of enhanced thermal performance of microchannel filled porous materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| K. K. Kumar等[6] | 铝金属泡沫 | — | 10 PPI孔隙率:0.95 | 去离子水 | 流速:0.1~3 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 增大传热面积 |
| Li Yongtong等[23] | 铜金属泡沫+针肋 | — | 20~50PPI孔隙率:0.8~0.95 | 去离子水 | qw:100W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积和热传导 |
| Hong Sihui等[24] | 圆盘形金属泡沫 | — | 130 PPI孔隙率:0.93 | 去离子水 | kW/m2G:26.5 kg/(m2·s)qw:397.6 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 传热面积增大、沸腾表面连续液体润湿 |
| M. R. Hajmohammadi等[25] | 多孔变截面 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 高度发散、多孔材料MCHS提高了热性能 |
| J. Seo等[26] | 集成膜+金属泡沫 | — | 孔隙率:0.95孔径:200 μm | 水 | qw:4.13W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 传热面积增大、集成膜毛细管压力进行自泵操作 |
| Chen Chaowei等[27] | 多孔肋片 | — | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | 流速:1.2 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 优化布置增加了传热面积,流体流动模式改变 |
| Wang Jinyuan等[28] | 多孔肋片+纳米流体 | 烧结多孔铜 | PPI孔隙率:0.9 40 | 混合纳米流体 | qw:13.8 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 纳米流体传递传热显著改善、接触面积不同 |
| Li Fei等[29] | 多孔肋 | 硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 多孔区域内流体混合增强,热边界层被破坏并重新发展 |
| M. S. Lori等[31] | 垂直多孔肋 | 硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2流速:0.25~6 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 冷却剂流过多孔肋条增强换热 |
| Wang Chunsheng等[32] | 多孔肋+流动脉动 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.4 | 水 | 流速:1 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 平均温度改善,消除了肋骨再循环区 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175131105390747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
微通道填充多孔材料增强传热性能总结, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| K. K. Kumar等[6] | 铝金属泡沫 | — | 10 PPI孔隙率:0.95 | 去离子水 | 流速:0.1~3 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 增大传热面积 |
| Li Yongtong等[23] | 铜金属泡沫+针肋 | — | 20~50PPI孔隙率:0.8~0.95 | 去离子水 | qw:100W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↑ | 增大传热面积和热传导 |
| Hong Sihui等[24] | 圆盘形金属泡沫 | — | 130 PPI孔隙率:0.93 | 去离子水 | kW/m2G:26.5 kg/(m2·s)qw:397.6 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 传热面积增大、沸腾表面连续液体润湿 |
| M. R. Hajmohammadi等[25] | 多孔变截面 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 高度发散、多孔材料MCHS提高了热性能 |
| J. Seo等[26] | 集成膜+金属泡沫 | — | 孔隙率:0.95孔径:200 μm | 水 | qw:4.13W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 传热面积增大、集成膜毛细管压力进行自泵操作 |
| Chen Chaowei等[27] | 多孔肋片 | — | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | 流速:1.2 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 优化布置增加了传热面积,流体流动模式改变 |
| Wang Jinyuan等[28] | 多孔肋片+纳米流体 | 烧结多孔铜 | PPI孔隙率:0.9 40 | 混合纳米流体 | qw:13.8 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 纳米流体传递传热显著改善、接触面积不同 |
| Li Fei等[29] | 多孔肋 | 硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 多孔区域内流体混合增强,热边界层被破坏并重新发展 |
| M. S. Lori等[31] | 垂直多孔肋 | 硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2流速:0.25~6 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 冷却剂流过多孔肋条增强换热 |
| Wang Chunsheng等[32] | 多孔肋+流动脉动 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.4 | 水 | 流速:1 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 平均温度改善,消除了肋骨再循环区 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175131256385698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Summary of enhanced thermal performance of microchannel skeleton with porous structure, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| Pi Guang等[33] | 凹形空腔 | 青铜粉末 | 深度:1.1 mm半径:0.4 mm | 去离子水 | 过冷度:15、30 ℃ | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 活性成核位点增加、比表面积扩大、表面再润湿性 |
| Chen Gong等[34] | 多孔互联 | 铜质基板 | 宽度:0.8 mm深度:1.2 mm间距:1.6 mm | 去离子水 | 过冷度:80、100 ℃ | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 更高比表面积、更高气泡成核位点密度 |
| Chen Jieling等[35] | 多孔互联 | 铜粉基质 | 宽度:0.4 mm深度:1.1 mm | 去离子水 | qw:200~500W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 更大的传热面积、缓解气泡堵塞问题的能力 |
| Lu Gui等[38] | 多孔翅片 | 多孔硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | 流速:1~1.8 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 冷却液渗透效应和滑移效应、冷却剂混合 |
| Zong L. X.等[39] | 多孔针翅片 | 硅晶片制成 | 密集/中间密集/稀疏针 | 纯丙酮 | qw:12~72 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 大量的成核位点、连续的液体补充 |
| M. Fathi等[40] | 多孔翅片 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.9 | 水 | qw:100W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 增加的流体混合和较大的固流体传热面积 |
| F. Bagherighajari等[41] | 收敛-发散多孔翅片 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.66 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 两个相邻通道之间的局部压差引起横向速度分量 |
| Dai Hao等[42] | 多孔铜基体+相变浆料 | 多孔铜基体 | 孔隙率:0.3~0.6 | 水和MPCM浆料 | 流速:0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 多孔铜基体表面积更大,MPCM相变较大 |
| Li Xianyang等[43] | 多孔翅片+双层 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 下层垂直肋良好导热和上层多孔肋压降降低 |
| Wang Shuolin等[45] | 多孔翅片+波浪形双层 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 波浪形壁面使冷却剂混合、冷却液渗透效应 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175131348660395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
微通道骨架为多孔结构增强传热性能总结, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参考文献 | 增强结构 | 制造方法 | 尺寸结构 | 工作流体 | 文献工况条件 | 传热及流阻性能 | 传热强化机理 |
|---|
| Pi Guang等[33] | 凹形空腔 | 青铜粉末 | 深度:1.1 mm半径:0.4 mm | 去离子水 | 过冷度:15、30 ℃ | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 活性成核位点增加、比表面积扩大、表面再润湿性 |
| Chen Gong等[34] | 多孔互联 | 铜质基板 | 宽度:0.8 mm深度:1.2 mm间距:1.6 mm | 去离子水 | 过冷度:80、100 ℃ | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 更高比表面积、更高气泡成核位点密度 |
| Chen Jieling等[35] | 多孔互联 | 铜粉基质 | 宽度:0.4 mm深度:1.1 mm | 去离子水 | qw:200~500W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 更大的传热面积、缓解气泡堵塞问题的能力 |
| Lu Gui等[38] | 多孔翅片 | 多孔硅制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | 流速:1~1.8 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 冷却液渗透效应和滑移效应、冷却剂混合 |
| Zong L. X.等[39] | 多孔针翅片 | 硅晶片制成 | 密集/中间密集/稀疏针 | 纯丙酮 | qw:12~72 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 大量的成核位点、连续的液体补充 |
| M. Fathi等[40] | 多孔翅片 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.9 | 水 | qw:100W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 增加的流体混合和较大的固流体传热面积 |
| F. Bagherighajari等[41] | 收敛-发散多孔翅片 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.66 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2 | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 两个相邻通道之间的局部压差引起横向速度分量 |
| Dai Hao等[42] | 多孔铜基体+相变浆料 | 多孔铜基体 | 孔隙率:0.3~0.6 | 水和MPCM浆料 | 流速:0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 m/s | HTC↑ CHF↑ | 多孔铜基体表面积更大,MPCM相变较大 |
| Li Xianyang等[43] | 多孔翅片+双层 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100 W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 下层垂直肋良好导热和上层多孔肋压降降低 |
| Wang Shuolin等[45] | 多孔翅片+波浪形双层 | 多孔铜制成 | 孔隙率:0.6 | 水 | qw:100W/cm2入口温度:300 K | HTC↑ CHF↑ 压降↓ | 波浪形壁面使冷却剂混合、冷却液渗透效应 |
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Comparison of enhanced thermal performance of three porous structures, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 多孔结构形式 | 具体特点 | 优点 | 缺点 | 优化前景 |
|---|
| 微通道表面多孔结构 | 通道壁面制备涂层、微腔 | 增大换热表面积、增加气泡成核位点、有效抑制了沸腾传热不稳定性 | 要求更高的工艺、腔体设计无统一标准、表面粗糙度难控制 | 合理选择制造手段,形成不易剥落的涂层以及高度一致的粗糙度 |
| 微通道填充多孔材料 | 通道内填充多孔材料 | 显著增加了传热面积、提高形核密度、滑移效应、边界层被破坏增加扰动换热增强 | 压降大、工艺复杂且要求高、研究多集中在翅片安装与侧壁 | 优化翅片或肋片布局减小压降;用阵列翅片替代嵌入式翅片 |
| 微通道骨架为多孔结构 | 多孔基质中制备微通道 | 进一步强化气泡形核和流动沸腾传热、加强了壁面边界层破坏、相邻流道诱导横向流动换热、换热效果更强 | 多采用烧结、3D打印,几何精度和粗糙度大、压降大、换热机理复杂 | 研究多孔互联微通道网络,探究粉体形态、尺寸等对流动沸腾影响的机理 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239175131570958522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239175122762920887, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
三种多孔结构增强热性能对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 多孔结构形式 | 具体特点 | 优点 | 缺点 | 优化前景 |
|---|
| 微通道表面多孔结构 | 通道壁面制备涂层、微腔 | 增大换热表面积、增加气泡成核位点、有效抑制了沸腾传热不稳定性 | 要求更高的工艺、腔体设计无统一标准、表面粗糙度难控制 | 合理选择制造手段,形成不易剥落的涂层以及高度一致的粗糙度 |
| 微通道填充多孔材料 | 通道内填充多孔材料 | 显著增加了传热面积、提高形核密度、滑移效应、边界层被破坏增加扰动换热增强 | 压降大、工艺复杂且要求高、研究多集中在翅片安装与侧壁 | 优化翅片或肋片布局减小压降;用阵列翅片替代嵌入式翅片 |
| 微通道骨架为多孔结构 | 多孔基质中制备微通道 | 进一步强化气泡形核和流动沸腾传热、加强了壁面边界层破坏、相邻流道诱导横向流动换热、换热效果更强 | 多采用烧结、3D打印,几何精度和粗糙度大、压降大、换热机理复杂 | 研究多孔互联微通道网络,探究粉体形态、尺寸等对流动沸腾影响的机理 |
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