首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1239230399839260907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703520000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-26, revisedDate=1707667200000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-12, acceptedDate=1711987200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-02, onlineDate=1773385151109, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1750003200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385151109, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385151109, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385151109, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239230393547804821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385149609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385254705, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=98, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239230400623595777, articleId=1239230399839260907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Two-Phase Flow Process and Atomization Law of Nucleator Nozzle for an Outdoor Snow Maker, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Nucleator nozzles play an important role in promoting the rapid nucleation, crystallization, and snow formation of artificial snow droplets. A visual experimental platform was designed to investigate the gas-liquid two-phase flow process inside the nucleator nozzle and its influence on atomization behavior. The results showed the presence of a two-phase annular flow within the nucleator nozzle and a continuous hollow-cone spray field outside the nucleator nozzle. As the gas-liquid pressure ratio (ΦGL) increases, the interfacial disturbance waves at the gas-liquid interface of the internal flow gradually disappear. As the air core occupied more space, the liquid film thickness gradually decreased and became uniform and stable. This markedly improved the atomization efficiency and quality. When the ΦGL was increased from 20% to 67%, the uniformity and stability of droplet distribution increased by 17% and 60%, respectively. This research offers important guidance for the structural design of high-performance atomized components.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Wu Haifeng, male, Ph. D., associate professor, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 86-18810906815, E-mail: . Research fields: atomization technology, refrigeration and building integrated photovoltaics, et al.
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yahui Hao, Haifeng Wu, Rongji Xu, Hua Zhang, Ruixiang Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239230405526737321, articleId=1239230399839260907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=CN, title=室外造雪机用核子器两相流动过程与雾化规律研究, columnId=0, journalTitle=制冷学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

核子器对促进人工造雪的液滴快速成核、结晶、成雪过程具有重要作用。针对室外造雪机用的通用核子器，设计了可视化实验平台，研究了核子器内部气液两相流动过程以及对雾化行为的影响规律。结果表明：核子器内部呈两相环形流动，外部形成了连续的空锥形喷雾场。随着气液压力比（ΦGL）的增加，界面扰动波在内部气液两相流动过程中逐渐消失。随着空气核占据更多的空间，液膜厚度逐渐减小且变得均匀稳定，雾化效率和雾化质量均得到显著提升。当ΦGL从20%增至67%时，液滴分布的均匀性和稳定性分别提高了17%和60%。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴海峰，男，博士，副教授，北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院，18810906815，E-mail：。研究方向：雾化技术、制冷和光伏建筑一体化等。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kWAnBO2jrywqOQ6gj3HI/A==, magXml=/ADI/8z6y4Q0QXUvWVtalQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IwuOjKA2dVIRQJWLeOA+wA==, pdfFileSize=5215271, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=j/mKjuxtJWQvHHy9/XZNSA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oJ3mnYo/uv8XNetGh/LxkQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=郝亚辉, 吴海峰, 徐荣吉, 张华, 王瑞祥)}, authors=[Author(id=1239230406822777351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230406936023572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230406822777351, language=EN, stringName=Yahui Hao, firstName=Yahui, middleName=null, lastName=Hao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230407049269789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230406822777351, language=CN, stringName=郝亚辉, firstName=亚辉, middleName=null, lastName=郝, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406613062124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406625645038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406629839343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044)])]), Author(id=1239230407166710314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wuhaifeng@bucea.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230407342871094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230407166710314, language=EN, stringName=Haifeng Wu, firstName=Haifeng, middleName=null, lastName=Wu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230407548391996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230407166710314, language=CN, stringName=吴海峰, firstName=海峰, middleName=null, lastName=吴, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406613062124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406625645038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406629839343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044)])]), Author(id=1239230409003815491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409117061710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409003815491, language=EN, stringName=Rongji Xu, firstName=Rongji, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409192559192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409003815491, language=CN, stringName=徐荣吉, firstName=荣吉, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406613062124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406625645038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406629839343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044)])]), Author(id=1239230409322582624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409498743401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409322582624, language=EN, stringName=Hua Zhang, firstName=Hua, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409607795314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409322582624, language=CN, stringName=张华, firstName=华, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406713725435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406717919741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406713725435, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406726308349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406713725435, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093)])]), Author(id=1239230409691681397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409851064959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409691681397, language=EN, stringName=Ruixiang Wang, firstName=Ruixiang, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409989477000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, authorId=1239230409691681397, language=CN, stringName=王瑞祥, firstName=瑞祥, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406613062124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406625645038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406629839343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1239230410098528912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=outdoor snowmaker), Keyword(id=1239230410241135255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=nucleator nozzle), Keyword(id=1239230410354381470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=internal flow pattern), Keyword(id=1239230410455044774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=droplet distribution), Keyword(id=1239230410526347946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=high-tech Winter Olympics), Keyword(id=1239230410610234033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=室外造雪机), Keyword(id=1239230410740257462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=核子器), Keyword(id=1239230410828337851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=内部流型), Keyword(id=1239230410908029631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=粒径分布), Keyword(id=1239230410987721415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=科技冬奥)], refs=[Reference(id=1239230414854869842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=18, pageStart=234, pageEnd=236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=马传业, 郝雅芳, 王婷, journalName=当代体育科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马传业, 郝雅芳, 王婷. 北京2022年冬奥会对中国体育发展的影响[J]. 当代体育科技, 2020, 10(18): 234-236., articleTitle=北京2022年冬奥会对中国体育发展的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230414959727446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=18, pageStart=234, pageEnd=236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=MA Chuanye, HAO Yafang, WANG Ting, journalName=Contemporary Sports Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(MA Chuanye, HAO Yafang, WANG Ting. The influence of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on sports development in China[J]. Contemporary Sports Technology, 2020, 10(18): 234-236.), articleTitle=The influence of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on sports development in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415072973663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=杨占武, journalName=冰雪运动, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨占武. 北京冬奥会和冬残奥会人工造雪的研究[J]. 冰雪运动, 2017, 39(1): 1-8., articleTitle=北京冬奥会和冬残奥会人工造雪的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415169442658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=YANG Zhanwu, journalName=China Winter Sports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(YANG Zhanwu. Research on the snow-making for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics[J]. China Winter Sports, 2017, 39(1): 1-8.), articleTitle=Research on the snow-making for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415316243301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=52, issue=6, pageStart=77, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=孙天慧, 贾红星, 王贺, journalName=暖通空调, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙天慧, 贾红星, 王贺, 等. 国家高山滑雪中心造雪工艺系统设计[J]. 暖通空调, 2022, 52(6): 77-81., articleTitle=国家高山滑雪中心造雪工艺系统设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415412712296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=52, issue=6, pageStart=77, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=SUN Tianhui, JIA Hongxing, WANG He, journalName=Journal of HV&AC, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(SUN Tianhui, JIA Hongxing, WANG He, et al. Snow-making system design for National Alpine Skiing Center[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2022, 52(6): 77-81.), articleTitle=Snow-making system design for National Alpine Skiing Center, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415555318643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=125, pageEnd=130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=赵巍, 汪惠荣, 张华, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵巍, 汪惠荣, 张华, 等. 内混式造雪机雪晶粒径分布实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(6): 125-130., articleTitle=内混式造雪机雪晶粒径分布实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415706313591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=125, pageEnd=130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHAO Wei, WANG Huirong, ZHANG Hua, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHAO Wei, WANG Huirong, ZHANG Hua, et al. Experimental study on distribution of snow grain size for internal mixing snow makers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(6): 125-130.), articleTitle=Experimental study on distribution of snow grain size for internal mixing snow makers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415815365504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=88, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=郝亚辉, 吴海峰, 张博文, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郝亚辉, 吴海峰, 张博文, 等. 室外造雪机用核子器雾化性能规律实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(1): 88-93., articleTitle=室外造雪机用核子器雾化性能规律实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415886668679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=88, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=HAO Yahui, WU Haifeng, ZHANG Bowen, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(HAO Yahui, WU Haifeng, ZHANG Bowen, et al. Experimental study on atomizing performance of nucleator nozzle for outdoor snow makers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(1): 88-93.), articleTitle=Experimental study on atomizing performance of nucleator nozzle for outdoor snow makers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230415987331983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=陈爱强, 刘斌, 李斌, journalName=制冷技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈爱强, 刘斌, 李斌, 等. 人工造雪水滴蒸发冷却过程分析[J]. 制冷技术, 2020, 40(3): 13-17., articleTitle=人工造雪水滴蒸发冷却过程分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230416104772497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=CHEN Aiqiang, LIU Bin, LI Bin, journalName=Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Aiqiang, LIU Bin, LI Bin, et al. Analysis of evaporative cooling process of water droplet for artificial snowmaking[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2020, 40(3): 13-17.), articleTitle=Analysis of evaporative cooling process of water droplet for artificial snowmaking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230416218018712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=刘道平, 邬志敏, 华泽钊, journalName=制冷与空调(北京), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘道平, 邬志敏, 华泽钊. 雪晶形成过程与人工造雪机技术[J]. 制冷与空调(北京), 2003, 3(2): 1-5., articleTitle=雪晶形成过程与人工造雪机技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230416318682014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=LIU Daoping, WU Zhimin, HUA Zezhao, journalName=Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LIU Daoping, WU Zhimin, HUA Zezhao. Snow crystal formation process and artificial snow making technologies[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2003, 3(2): 1-5.), articleTitle=Snow crystal formation process and artificial snow making technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230416402568099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=1065, pageEnd=1079, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=王潇楠, 齐鹏, 于聪伟, journalName=农药学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王潇楠, 齐鹏, 于聪伟, 等. 农药雾滴雾化沉积飘失研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 24(5): 1065-1079., articleTitle=农药雾滴雾化沉积飘失研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230416499037097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=1065, pageEnd=1079, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Xiaonan, QI Peng, YU Congwei, journalName=Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(WANG Xiaonan, QI Peng, YU Congwei, et al. Research and development of atomization, deposition and drift of pesticide droplets[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 24(5): 1065-1079.), articleTitle=Research and development of atomization, deposition and drift of pesticide droplets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230417979626413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=刘国强, 熊通, 晏刚, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘国强, 熊通, 晏刚, 等. 人工造雪技术现状与研究进展[J]. 制冷学报, 2021, 42(5): 1-16., articleTitle=人工造雪技术现状与研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418080289712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LIU Guoqiang, XIONG Tong, YAN Gang, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LIU Guoqiang, XIONG Tong, YAN Gang, et al. Current technology situation and research progress of artificial snowmaking[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 42(5): 1-16.), articleTitle=Current technology situation and research progress of artificial snowmaking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418180953013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=98, issue=null, pageStart=604, pageEnd=620, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=SUN C, NING Z, QIAO X, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN C, NING Z, QIAO X, et al. Measurements of internal flow regime and bubble size in effervescent nozzle[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 98: 604-620., articleTitle=Measurements of internal flow regime and bubble size in effervescent nozzle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418461971387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=134, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=孙元, 王凤辉, 李楚桥, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙元, 王凤辉, 李楚桥, 等. 碰撞和孔径对喷嘴喷雾特性影响的试验研究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2018(5): 134-135., articleTitle=碰撞和孔径对喷嘴喷雾特性影响的试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418558440383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=134, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=SUN Yuan, WANG Fenghui, LI Chuqiao, journalName=Automobile Applied Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(SUN Yuan, WANG Fenghui, LI Chuqiao, et al. Experimental study on impact of collision and nozzlediameter on spray characteristics[J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2018(5): 134-135.), articleTitle=Experimental study on impact of collision and nozzlediameter on spray characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418671686595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=298, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=陈有锦, 袁锐波, 张剑, journalName=重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈有锦, 袁锐波, 张剑, 等. 空气雾化喷嘴内流场的特性分析[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(2): 298-306., articleTitle=空气雾化喷嘴内流场的特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418784932808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=298, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=CHEN Youjin, YUAN Ruibo, ZHANG Jian, journalName=Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Youjin, YUAN Ruibo, ZHANG Jian, et al. Characteristic analysis of flow field in an air atomizing nozzle[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2023, 37(2): 298-306.), articleTitle=Characteristic analysis of flow field in an air atomizing nozzle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230418914956237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=10, issue=31, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=曹建明, 卢林春, 李跟宝, journalName=中国西部科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹建明, 卢林春, 李跟宝, 等. 粘性和空气助力作用对液体碎裂过程的影响[J]. 中国西部科技, 2011, 10(31): 1-3., articleTitle=粘性和空气助力作用对液体碎裂过程的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419019813842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=10, issue=31, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=CAO Jianming, LU Linchun, LI Genbao, journalName=Science and Technology of West China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CAO Jianming, LU Linchun, LI Genbao, et al. The effect of viscosity and air assistant on liquid breakup process[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2011, 10(31): 1-3.), articleTitle=The effect of viscosity and air assistant on liquid breakup process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419128865751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=89, issue=null, pageStart=277, pageEnd=289, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZAREMBA M, WEIß L, MALÝ M, journalName=International Journal of Multiphase Flow, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAREMBA M, WEIß L, MALÝ M, et al. Low-pressure twin-fluid atomization: effect of mixing process on spray formation[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2017, 89: 277-289., articleTitle=Low-pressure twin-fluid atomization: effect of mixing process on spray formation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419254694876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=14, pageStart=285, pageEnd=294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=卢立新, 董玉杰, 潘嘹, journalName=农业工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢立新, 董玉杰, 潘嘹, 等. 屋顶纸盒灌装机包装材料灭菌模拟模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(14): 285-294., articleTitle=屋顶纸盒灌装机包装材料灭菌模拟模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419367941092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=14, pageStart=285, pageEnd=294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LU Lixin, DONG Yujie, PAN Liao, journalName=Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LU Lixin, DONG Yujie, PAN Liao, et al. Simulation model for the packaging material sterilization of gable-top carton filling machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2022, 38(14): 285-294.), articleTitle=Simulation model for the packaging material sterilization of gable-top carton filling machine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419456021479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=11, issue=2, pageStart=121, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=刘联胜, 杨华, 吴晋湘, journalName=燃烧科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘联胜, 杨华, 吴晋湘, 等. 环状出口气泡雾化喷嘴液膜破碎过程与喷雾特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2005, 11(2): 121-125., articleTitle=环状出口气泡雾化喷嘴液膜破碎过程与喷雾特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419552490473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=11, issue=2, pageStart=121, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LIU Liansheng, YANG Hua, WU Jinxiang, journalName=Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LIU Liansheng, YANG Hua, WU Jinxiang, et al. Studies on breakup of liquid-sheet and spray characteristics downstream of the annular-spout effervescent atomizer[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2005, 11(2): 121-125.), articleTitle=Studies on breakup of liquid-sheet and spray characteristics downstream of the annular-spout effervescent atomizer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419665736687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=149, issue=null, pageStart=155, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LIU Bin, HU Hengxiang, BI Lisen, journalName=International Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Bin, HU Hengxiang, BI Lisen, et al. Analysis of the characteristics of the gas-liquid mixed artificial snow-making[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 149: 155-167., articleTitle=Analysis of the characteristics of the gas-liquid mixed artificial snow-making, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419783177203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=56, issue=5, pageStart=103, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=JIANG Lulin, AGRAWAL A K, journalName=Experiments in Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Lulin, AGRAWAL A K. Spray features in the near field of a flow-blurring injector investigated by high-speed visualization and time-resolved PIV[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2015, 56(5): 103., articleTitle=Spray features in the near field of a flow-blurring injector investigated by high-speed visualization and time-resolved PIV, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419904812025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=BOGGAVARAPU P, RAMESH S P, AVULAPATI M M, journalName=International Journal of Multiphase Flow, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOGGAVARAPU P, RAMESH S P, AVULAPATI M M, et al. Secondary breakup of water and surrogate fuels: breakup modes and resultant droplet sizes[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2021, 145: 103816., articleTitle=Secondary breakup of water and surrogate fuels: breakup modes and resultant droplet sizes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420018058236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=HAMMAD F A, SUN K, CHE Z, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAMMAD F A, SUN K, CHE Z, et al. Internal two-phase flow and spray characteristics of outside-in-liquid twin-fluid atomizers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 187: 116555., articleTitle=Internal two-phase flow and spray characteristics of outside-in-liquid twin-fluid atomizers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239230414666126151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, awardId=52306220, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306220), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239230414745817933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, awardId=52306220, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52306220), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406613062124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406625645038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406629839343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406613062124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239230406713725435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406717919741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406713725435, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406726308349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, companyId=1239230406713725435, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239230411142910672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Performance testing system for gas-liquid atomization nozzle, figureFileSmall=PMZ9NWiavfoNjDp9ZteXmQ==, figureFileBig=j/mKjuxtJWQvHHy9/XZNSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411214213842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图1, caption=气液雾化喷嘴性能测试系统, figureFileSmall=PMZ9NWiavfoNjDp9ZteXmQ==, figureFileBig=j/mKjuxtJWQvHHy9/XZNSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411470066401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Visualized structure of nucleator nozzle, figureFileSmall=bzi1hTSymohrBc3xvjs3yA==, figureFileBig=xzDGUyRupdpqGu8WpD9Wqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411587506919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图2, caption=可视化的核子器结构, figureFileSmall=bzi1hTSymohrBc3xvjs3yA==, figureFileBig=xzDGUyRupdpqGu8WpD9Wqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411688170222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Internal flow patterns at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=YpywEBBwMck4dFRTAFi/+g==, figureFileBig=s5b4Hz9dJ3fCTxbz9eqyyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411805610741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同水气压力比下的内部流型, figureFileSmall=YpywEBBwMck4dFRTAFi/+g==, figureFileBig=s5b4Hz9dJ3fCTxbz9eqyyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411935634173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spray patterns at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=t/ejBFbO8D+9JGL6PhIWlQ==, figureFileBig=Zf8qi233Yz4cA80Ki8HIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230412061463301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同水气压力比下的喷雾形态, figureFileSmall=t/ejBFbO8D+9JGL6PhIWlQ==, figureFileBig=Zf8qi233Yz4cA80Ki8HIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413579801357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Variation of droplet size at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=ro8H5kHMjzWKJWzd3aNteQ==, figureFileBig=egvjMACCFkq4MsTSQyAXUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413730796308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同水气压力比下液滴粒径变化规律, figureFileSmall=ro8H5kHMjzWKJWzd3aNteQ==, figureFileBig=egvjMACCFkq4MsTSQyAXUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413881791262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Variation of standard deviation at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=ob8kUoHvYq8fWfrU3g97DA==, figureFileBig=XJrcUGGLPYNNC255q9Q39w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413982454561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同水气压力比下标准偏差变化规律, figureFileSmall=ob8kUoHvYq8fWfrU3g97DA==, figureFileBig=XJrcUGGLPYNNC255q9Q39w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414049563432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Variation of SMD and RSF at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=A+vuRYKpV3lQCu6C32oi7Q==, figureFileBig=Mvi3YTqmfvmAMCx3DPbcRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414125060909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同水气压力比下SMD和相对跨度因子的变化规律, figureFileSmall=A+vuRYKpV3lQCu6C32oi7Q==, figureFileBig=Mvi3YTqmfvmAMCx3DPbcRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414229918513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Variation of spray cone angle and CV at different gas-liquid pressure ratio, figureFileSmall=c+axPcMtMFTYl9xK0syKHA==, figureFileBig=6b9QEsxHS2A2dHLsaii7pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414317998899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同水气压力比下雾化锥角和变异系数的变化规律, figureFileSmall=c+axPcMtMFTYl9xK0syKHA==, figureFileBig=6b9QEsxHS2A2dHLsaii7pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414435439418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Main parameters of experimental equipment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称设备厂家型号设备参数误差
离心水泵浙江飞浰浦斯FLPS25X26A-M3.0D最大扬程230m—
激光粒度仪山东耐克特PW180-B量程0.1~800μm±1%
空气压缩机永磁变频螺杆空压机C5公称容积流量0.2~0.4 m3/min—
高速摄像机美国PhantomV211最大帧数20 000—
镜头日本Nikon定焦50 mm——
压力表陕西西仪YB-150B量程0~4 MPa±0.16%
), ArticleFig(id=1239230414557074241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230399839260907, language=CN, label=表1, caption=实验设备主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称设备厂家型号设备参数误差
离心水泵浙江飞浰浦斯FLPS25X26A-M3.0D最大扬程230m—
激光粒度仪山东耐克特PW180-B量程0.1~800μm±1%
空气压缩机永磁变频螺杆空压机C5公称容积流量0.2~0.4 m3/min—
高速摄像机美国PhantomV211最大帧数20 000—
镜头日本Nikon定焦50 mm——
压力表陕西西仪YB-150B量程0~4 MPa±0.16%
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1238822513841586179, delFlag=0, nameCn=制冷学报, nameEn=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4339, eissn=2097-650X, cn=11-2182/TB, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773287903512, updatedTime=1773299932329, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, picEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1238872966457520458, language=CN, name=制冷学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932350, updatedTime=1773299932350, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1238872966507852107, language=EN, name=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932362, updatedTime=1773299932362, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1238823019242635269, websiteList=[Website(id=1238843830003356342, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773292985679, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293389655, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=制冷学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876063237992790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300670680, updateTime=1773300670680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063217021267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300670675, updateTime=1773300670675, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063258964313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670685, updateTime=1773300670685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063208632658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300670673, updateTime=1773300670673, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063271547227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670688, updateTime=1773300670688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063233798485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773300670679, updateTime=1773300670679, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063263158618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670687, updateTime=1773300670687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063225409876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773300670677, updateTime=1773300670677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063246381399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300670682, updateTime=1773300670682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063250575704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300670683, updateTime=1773300670683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1238843830074659514, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773292985695, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293420654, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Refrigeration, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876091918643554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300677518, updateTime=1773300677518, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091893477727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300677512, updateTime=1773300677512, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091935420773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677522, updateTime=1773300677522, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091885089118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300677510, updateTime=1773300677510, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091952197991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677526, updateTime=1773300677526, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091910254945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773300677516, updateTime=1773300677516, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091948003686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677525, updateTime=1773300677525, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091897672032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773300677513, updateTime=1773300677513, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091927032163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300677520, updateTime=1773300677520, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091931226468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300677521, updateTime=1773300677521, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=制冷学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.zhilengxuebao.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalPhotoCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPhotoEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
室外造雪机用核子器两相流动过程与雾化规律研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
郝亚辉 1 , 吴海峰 1 , 徐荣吉 1 , 张华 2 , 王瑞祥 1
制冷学报 | 2025,46(3): 98-103
收起
收藏切换
制冷学报 | 2025, 46(3): 98-103
室外造雪机用核子器两相流动过程与雾化规律研究
全屏
郝亚辉1, 吴海峰1 , 徐荣吉1, 张华2, 王瑞祥1
作者信息
  • 1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044
  • 2上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093

通讯作者:

吴海峰，男，博士，副教授，北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院，18810906815，E-mail：。研究方向：雾化技术、制冷和光伏建筑一体化等。
Two-Phase Flow Process and Atomization Law of Nucleator Nozzle for an Outdoor Snow Maker
Yahui Hao1, Haifeng Wu1 , Rongji Xu1, Hua Zhang2, Ruixiang Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1.Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
出版时间: 2025-06-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

核子器对促进人工造雪的液滴快速成核、结晶、成雪过程具有重要作用。针对室外造雪机用的通用核子器，设计了可视化实验平台，研究了核子器内部气液两相流动过程以及对雾化行为的影响规律。结果表明：核子器内部呈两相环形流动，外部形成了连续的空锥形喷雾场。随着气液压力比（ΦGL）的增加，界面扰动波在内部气液两相流动过程中逐渐消失。随着空气核占据更多的空间，液膜厚度逐渐减小且变得均匀稳定，雾化效率和雾化质量均得到显著提升。当ΦGL从20%增至67%时，液滴分布的均匀性和稳定性分别提高了17%和60%。

室外造雪机  /  核子器  /  内部流型  /  粒径分布  /  科技冬奥

Nucleator nozzles play an important role in promoting the rapid nucleation, crystallization, and snow formation of artificial snow droplets. A visual experimental platform was designed to investigate the gas-liquid two-phase flow process inside the nucleator nozzle and its influence on atomization behavior. The results showed the presence of a two-phase annular flow within the nucleator nozzle and a continuous hollow-cone spray field outside the nucleator nozzle. As the gas-liquid pressure ratio (ΦGL) increases, the interfacial disturbance waves at the gas-liquid interface of the internal flow gradually disappear. As the air core occupied more space, the liquid film thickness gradually decreased and became uniform and stable. This markedly improved the atomization efficiency and quality. When the ΦGL was increased from 20% to 67%, the uniformity and stability of droplet distribution increased by 17% and 60%, respectively. This research offers important guidance for the structural design of high-performance atomized components.

outdoor snowmaker  /  nucleator nozzle  /  internal flow pattern  /  droplet distribution  /  high-tech Winter Olympics
郝亚辉, 吴海峰, 徐荣吉, 张华, 王瑞祥. 室外造雪机用核子器两相流动过程与雾化规律研究. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 98 -103 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098
Yahui Hao, Haifeng Wu, Rongji Xu, Hua Zhang, Ruixiang Wang. Two-Phase Flow Process and Atomization Law of Nucleator Nozzle for an Outdoor Snow Maker[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (3) : 98 -103 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098
正文
收起
北京冬奥的成功举办，积极带动了冰雪运动的全面普及与快速发展[1]。但我国地域辽阔，气候分区多样化，这对室外造雪机的高温成雪、多气候多地域适应性提出了更高的要求[2-3]。在室外造雪机中，核子器是关键部件之一，首先通过供水系统将高压水输送至喷嘴，在混合腔内与压缩空气混合，高速流动的气体撞击并破碎液滴，形成细小的晶核，对促进大量液滴的快速成核、结晶、成雪过程具有重要作用，实现高温环境成雪[4-5]。因此，通过调节气体和液体的压力及流量可以有效控制成雪质量和覆盖范围，从而推动多地域冰雪运动的发展[6-7]。
核子器的缺点是在低气液压力比下产生不稳定的喷雾，导致雾化效果差，甚至在严重情况下雾化失败[8]。喷雾不稳定将会导致人工造雪过程中雪晶质量不一、覆盖面积受限和资源浪费等问题[9]。因此，提升喷雾稳定性是提升造雪机整体性能的关键。喷雾稳定性受操作参数、结构参数及物性参数等因素影响[10]。孙元等[11]实验测试空气助力喷嘴出口口径对喷雾液滴分布的影响，发现口径的缩小有利于喷雾稳定性的提升。陈有锦等[12]通过数值模拟分析了不同操作工况对空气助力喷嘴内流场特性的影响，发现空气助力喷嘴混合腔径向截面的变化影响流体速度和湍动能的分布。曹建明等[13]研究了空气助力与液体黏度对液体破碎形态的影响，得到射流流速与液体破碎之间的关系，并指出在液体破碎过程中，液体黏度起主要抑制作用。M. Zaremba等[14]对比了4种不同空气助力喷嘴结构，发现喷雾的形成主要取决于内部设计，特定的混合过程可形成有利的环形流动，从而产生稳定的喷雾。卢立新等[15]通过数值模拟揭示了空气助力喷嘴雾化系统原理，发现液膜分布的差异性造成了喷射形状和覆盖均匀性的不稳定。综上所述，核子器雾化性能的不稳定性主要受混合腔内气液两相流动状态的影响。
因此，本文以室外造雪机用通用核子器为研究对象，采用可视化实验研究了不同运行工况对核子器混合腔内气液两相流动过程及雾化规律的影响，探讨了内部流态与喷雾稳定性的相关性，研究成果可为高性能空气助力喷嘴的结构设计和优化提供参考。
1 实验装置
收起
1.1 实验系统与方法
搭建了气液雾化喷嘴的性能测试系统，如图1所示，该系统可以可视化观察核子器内部流型和喷雾行为，实现粒径分布的测量。实验系统主要包括供水系统、供气系统、测量系统和雾化装置4部分。供水系统包括储水箱和水泵；供气系统包括空气压缩机和空气过滤器；测量系统包括激光粒度分析仪、高速摄像机、LED灯和压力表等；雾化装置由可视化喷嘴和配套底座组成。首先，高压水由水泵输送至喷嘴混合腔。同时，压缩空气也被输送至喷嘴混合腔，与高压水进行混合后，雾化形成喷雾。实验过程环境温度约为20 ℃，实验设备主要参数如表1所示。实验中的可视化过程应用了背光成像技术。使用配备固定焦距镜头的高速摄像机对混合腔和泄压口附近进行可视化观察。混合腔和喷雾的瞬态图像以10 000 FPS的频率和60 μs的曝光时间拍摄。为了精确测量喷雾液滴粒径大小和粒径分布等信息，实验将激光粒度分析仪放置在泄压口下方40 cm处以测量液滴直径分布[16]。
当造雪机运行时，高压水和压缩空气被送入核子器。当空气和水的比例不合适时，喷雾会失败。因此，根据造雪机的实际工况，确定合适的气液压力比范围为20%~67%，引入一个无量纲比例系数ΦGL来表征气液压力比，计算如式（1）所示。气液压力比显著影响混合室内流体流动形态。
式中：pg为供气压力，MPa；pw为供水压力，MPa。
1.2 核子器的可视化设计
实验所用喷嘴为室外造雪机用通用核子器[5]。喷嘴有1个液体入口和2个空气入口。水和空气在混合室中以不同的形式混合，然后从泄压口扩散出来形成喷雾。当气体和液体进入核子器的混合腔时，气体和液体的混合和切碎过程影响了喷雾质量[17]。图2（a）为设计和加工的可视化气液雾化喷嘴，可直接观测混合腔内空气和水的混合过程，具体尺寸如图2（b）所示。为了确保提供平整的观察表面，从而准确传递视觉信息并最大限度地减少光学失真，设计并加工了方形结构的透明喷嘴。
2 结果与讨论
收起
2.1 内部流型分析
图3所示为不同ΦGL下喷嘴内部流型的可视化结果。由图3可知，在气液相互作用过程中，气体挤压液体，液体形成环形液膜附着在壁面上，泄压口连续的环流形成连续的雾化。气体和液体之间存在可区分的界面。当ΦGL为20%时，液体表面张力和黏性力发挥主要作用，阻止液体破碎，形成了上窄下宽的液膜，其扰动性较大。随着ΦGL的增加，气液速度比逐渐增加，单位面积液体与更多的空气接触，液体获得更大的动能，使液体表面波的生长速率增加[18]，使液体更易破裂，在狭小空间内，形成更薄的液膜附着在壁面。空气核向泄压口的移动，导致液膜厚度不断变化，产生了不稳定的喷雾。当ΦGL增至67%时，空气核几乎填充了整个通道，形成了一层几乎看不见的薄膜，液膜表现出优异的稳定性。可以推断出，在一定条件下，ΦGL越大，喷雾稳定性和均匀性越好。
2.2 喷雾形态分析
图4所示为不同ΦGL下喷嘴内部流型对应的喷雾形态。当ΦGL为20%时，泄压口喷射的液体主要表现为液体射流。同时，在气液界面处存在微弱的空气动力学效应，其中一些液片或液丝从射流表面剥落，并以不规则的轨迹飞行。随着ΦGL的增加，液片和液丝的尺寸减小，在大规模扰动下，逐渐形成空锥形喷雾，雾化面积增大。这表明空气动量的增加增强了气液界面的剪切效应，导致在液面上形成更多液滴，并形成小规模湍流。此外，液滴数量的增加伴随着液滴尺寸的减小，液滴飞行轨迹逐渐变得规则，并沿喷嘴的轴向飞行。当ΦGL增至67%，气液相互作用急剧增强。雾化的初始区域几乎出现在泄压口处，虽然在泄压口处观察到液片和液丝的存在，但它们迅速破碎为更细小的韧带和液滴，使雾化颗粒的直径显著减小，最终形成雾状的雾化效果，达到了理想的雾化状态。此外，可以在雾化初始区域观察到空气锥，主要特征是锥角和穿透长度。随着ΦGL的增加，空气锥的穿透长度从8 mm增至28 mm，锥角从10°增至14°。空气锥逐渐占据更大的面积，提供更多的能量，增加了刚出泄压孔时的液体向外扩张的效果，雾化锥角增大，雾化覆盖范围增大。
2.3 雾化特性
图5所示为不同液滴特征直径随ΦGL的变化。其中，D10、D50和D90表示小于该尺寸颗粒的体积含量分别占所有颗粒的10%、50%和90%。索特平均直径（SMD，sauter mean diameter）是评价喷嘴喷雾性能时广泛使用的粒度标准，意义是与实际颗粒具有相同表面积的球体的直径，表示为D32。由图5可知，SMD首先随着ΦGL的增加而迅速减小，然后趋于平稳。这是因为随着ΦGL的增大，气体动量分配至单位质量液体增强，混合腔内形成较薄的液膜，在高速气流作用下，薄膜更易破碎成液丝，形成更小的液滴。当ΦGL增至一定值，气液之间的速度差所产生的剪切破碎作用达到饱和状态，继续增大ΦGL，对于液体破碎促进作用减弱。其次，即使ΦGL为20%，SMD也可以保持在31.38 μm，这意味着核子器具有优异的雾化性能，可以将液体雾化成微米级的离散相液滴。D10和D90的趋势与SMD相同，而D50随着ΦGL的增加先减小后逐渐增大。在喷雾的下游，由于高速气流的作用，液滴颗粒高速飞行，液滴粒子之间的碰撞和聚集效应导致喷雾粒径分布不稳定，使每个特征直径的变化趋势略有不同。特征直径的变化趋势还需要进一步研究。
图6所示为不同ΦGL下特征直径标准偏差的变化。D90的标准偏差明显大于其他特征直径，表明大液滴是不稳定的。这是因为小液滴由于质量小、惯性小，更容易受到周围气体分子的随机碰撞影响。这种运动有助于分散和稳定小液滴，防止它们聚集成更大的液滴。其次，相比于大液滴，小液滴相对表面积较大，与周围空气接触的面积也增大。因此，小液滴受到的空气阻力相对较大，这有助于减缓其运动速度，保持其稳定。液滴的稳定性随ΦGL的增加而增加。当ΦGL增至57%时，从喷嘴内部和外部可视化图像中均可看到，雾化效果已达到“饱和”，对稳定性的提升变得不再显著。D90的标准偏差比D50和D10的标准偏差大一个数量级。因为在喷雾过程中，中小液滴的数量多于大液滴，气流使大液滴更难保持稳定[19]。其次，大液滴的尺寸比小液滴大几倍，这使较大液滴之间的标准偏差处于较高水平。此外，由于一些大液滴在二次喷射过程后分解成更小的液滴，随着ΦGL的增加，由大液滴引起的强烈波动逐渐减弱，喷雾液滴的稳定性增强。
图7所示为水气压力比对索特平均直径和相对跨度因子的影响。相对跨度因子（RSF，relative span factor）[20]表示液滴粒径分布最大直径与最小直径之差除以中位直径，用来评估雾化效果的均匀性，其值越小，雾化越均匀，计算如式（2）所示。这2个值均与ΦGL呈负相关，当ΦGL>57%时，这些影响也会减弱。ΦGL从20%增至67%，ΦGL降低17%，雾化均匀性显著提升。图8所示为ΦGL对雾化锥角和变异系数的影响。变异系数（CV，coefficient of variation）[20]表示标准偏差与平均值的比值，用来衡量数据分布的离散程度，其值越小，雾化越稳定，计算如式（3）所示。SCA与ΦGL呈正相关，而CV与ΦGL呈负相关。当ΦGL>57%时，这种影响会减弱。当ΦGL从20%增至67%时，SCA增加了106%，雾化覆盖范围得到大幅提升。同时，ΦGL从20%增至67%会使ΦCV降低60%，喷雾稳定性显著提升。这些研究结果与前述可视化观察到的结果相一致。
式中：ΦRFS为相对跨度因子；ΦCV为变异系数；σ为标准偏差，（°）；为平均值，（°）。本文中自变量为雾化锥角（SCA），（°）。
3 结论
收起
本文实验研究了不同运行工况下室外造雪机用核子器的内部两相流动和喷雾发展过程，得到如下结论：
1）核子器的内部结构决定了其形成环型流。液膜的厚度由ΦGL决定，形成具有不同稳定性的喷雾形态。在ΦGL为67%时，液膜达到最薄且保持稳定，表现出了卓越的雾化性能和理想的雾化效果。
2）随着ΦGL的增加，大尺寸液片和液丝的破碎概率增加，破碎初始区域在泄压口出现，并沿径向扩散，雾化锥角最大达到42°，雾化覆盖能力显著提升。
3）不同特征直径的液滴稳定性取决于ΦGL，中小液滴的稳定性优于大液滴。降低ΦGL将增强喷雾的不稳定性，导致雾化效率和均匀性较差。
4）随着ΦGL的增加，核子器的雾化效率和喷雾质量显著提升。当ΦGL从20%增至67%时，液滴分布的均匀性提高了17%，稳定性提高了60%。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金(52306220)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
马传业, 郝雅芳, 王婷. 北京2022年冬奥会对中国体育发展的影响[J]. 当代体育科技, 2020, 10(18): 234-236.
(MA Chuanye, HAO Yafang, WANG Ting. The influence of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on sports development in China[J]. Contemporary Sports Technology, 2020, 10(18): 234-236.)
[2]
杨占武. 北京冬奥会和冬残奥会人工造雪的研究[J]. 冰雪运动, 2017, 39(1): 1-8.
(YANG Zhanwu. Research on the snow-making for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics[J]. China Winter Sports, 2017, 39(1): 1-8.)
[3]
孙天慧, 贾红星, 王贺, 等. 国家高山滑雪中心造雪工艺系统设计[J]. 暖通空调, 2022, 52(6): 77-81.
(SUN Tianhui, JIA Hongxing, WANG He, et al. Snow-making system design for National Alpine Skiing Center[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2022, 52(6): 77-81.)
[4]
赵巍, 汪惠荣, 张华, 等. 内混式造雪机雪晶粒径分布实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(6): 125-130.
(ZHAO Wei, WANG Huirong, ZHANG Hua, et al. Experimental study on distribution of snow grain size for internal mixing snow makers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(6): 125-130.)
[5]
郝亚辉, 吴海峰, 张博文, 等. 室外造雪机用核子器雾化性能规律实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2023, 44(1): 88-93.
(HAO Yahui, WU Haifeng, ZHANG Bowen, et al. Experimental study on atomizing performance of nucleator nozzle for outdoor snow makers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 44(1): 88-93.)
[6]
陈爱强, 刘斌, 李斌, 等. 人工造雪水滴蒸发冷却过程分析[J]. 制冷技术, 2020, 40(3): 13-17.
(CHEN Aiqiang, LIU Bin, LI Bin, et al. Analysis of evaporative cooling process of water droplet for artificial snowmaking[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2020, 40(3): 13-17.)
[7]
刘道平, 邬志敏, 华泽钊. 雪晶形成过程与人工造雪机技术[J]. 制冷与空调(北京), 2003, 3(2): 1-5.
(LIU Daoping, WU Zhimin, HUA Zezhao. Snow crystal formation process and artificial snow making technologies[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2003, 3(2): 1-5.)
[8]
王潇楠, 齐鹏, 于聪伟, 等. 农药雾滴雾化沉积飘失研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 24(5): 1065-1079.
(WANG Xiaonan, QI Peng, YU Congwei, et al. Research and development of atomization, deposition and drift of pesticide droplets[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 24(5): 1065-1079.)
[9]
刘国强, 熊通, 晏刚, 等. 人工造雪技术现状与研究进展[J]. 制冷学报, 2021, 42(5): 1-16.
(LIU Guoqiang, XIONG Tong, YAN Gang, et al. Current technology situation and research progress of artificial snowmaking[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 42(5): 1-16.)
[10]
SUN C, NING Z, QIAO X, et al. Measurements of internal flow regime and bubble size in effervescent nozzle[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 98: 604-620.
[11]
孙元, 王凤辉, 李楚桥, 等. 碰撞和孔径对喷嘴喷雾特性影响的试验研究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2018(5): 134-135.
(SUN Yuan, WANG Fenghui, LI Chuqiao, et al. Experimental study on impact of collision and nozzlediameter on spray characteristics[J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2018(5): 134-135.)
[12]
陈有锦, 袁锐波, 张剑, 等. 空气雾化喷嘴内流场的特性分析[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(2): 298-306.
(CHEN Youjin, YUAN Ruibo, ZHANG Jian, et al. Characteristic analysis of flow field in an air atomizing nozzle[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2023, 37(2): 298-306.)
[13]
曹建明, 卢林春, 李跟宝, 等. 粘性和空气助力作用对液体碎裂过程的影响[J]. 中国西部科技, 2011, 10(31): 1-3.
(CAO Jianming, LU Linchun, LI Genbao, et al. The effect of viscosity and air assistant on liquid breakup process[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2011, 10(31): 1-3.)
[14]
ZAREMBA M, WEIß L, MALÝ M, et al. Low-pressure twin-fluid atomization: effect of mixing process on spray formation[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2017, 89: 277-289.
[15]
卢立新, 董玉杰, 潘嘹, 等. 屋顶纸盒灌装机包装材料灭菌模拟模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(14): 285-294.
(LU Lixin, DONG Yujie, PAN Liao, et al. Simulation model for the packaging material sterilization of gable-top carton filling machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2022, 38(14): 285-294.)
[16]
刘联胜, 杨华, 吴晋湘, 等. 环状出口气泡雾化喷嘴液膜破碎过程与喷雾特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2005, 11(2): 121-125.
(LIU Liansheng, YANG Hua, WU Jinxiang, et al. Studies on breakup of liquid-sheet and spray characteristics downstream of the annular-spout effervescent atomizer[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2005, 11(2): 121-125.)
[17]
LIU Bin, HU Hengxiang, BI Lisen, et al. Analysis of the characteristics of the gas-liquid mixed artificial snow-making[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2023, 149: 155-167.
[18]
JIANG Lulin, AGRAWAL A K. Spray features in the near field of a flow-blurring injector investigated by high-speed visualization and time-resolved PIV[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2015, 56(5): 103.
[19]
BOGGAVARAPU P, RAMESH S P, AVULAPATI M M, et al. Secondary breakup of water and surrogate fuels: breakup modes and resultant droplet sizes[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2021, 145: 103816.
[20]
HAMMAD F A, SUN K, CHE Z, et al. Internal two-phase flow and spray characteristics of outside-in-liquid twin-fluid atomizers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 187: 116555.
2025年第46卷第3期
PDF下载
89
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098
  • 接收时间：2023-12-26
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2025-06-16
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2023-12-26
  • 修回日期：2024-02-12
  • 录用日期：2024-04-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306220)
国家自然科学基金(52306220)
作者信息
    1北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院　北京市建筑能源高效综合利用工程技术研究中心　北京　100044
    2上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院　上海　200093

通讯作者:

吴海峰，男，博士，副教授，北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院，18810906815，E-mail：。研究方向：雾化技术、制冷和光伏建筑一体化等。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.098
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持