首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1239230394067898522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734105600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-14, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=1735833600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-03, onlineDate=1773385149733, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1750003200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385149733, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385149733, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385149733, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239230393547804821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385149609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385254705, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239230834402717934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, issueId=1239230393547804821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239230396202799275, articleId=1239230394067898522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=EN, title=Practice and Optimization of Seasonal/Daily Composite Thermal Energy Storage Technology Based on Lakes/Rivers, columnId=1239230395695288481, journalTitle=Journal of Refrigeration, columnName=Energy Storage Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Heat pump technology has become an essential solution in the field of medium- and low-temperature heating due to its superior efficiency in converting electrical energy into thermal energy. However, owing to the lack of stable heat sources during winter in northern China, it is necessary to store the heat sources within the urban area throughout the seasons to ensure the stability of the heat provided by the heat pump system. In this study, based on the project of seasonal/daily thermal storage of river water in Guantao, a simulation model was constructed using the Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS). A sensitivity analysis of the thermal energy storage unit parameters was conducted under the constraint of the fixed site area. The configurations and strategies of the daily thermal energy storage were optimized. The results show that the temperature rise of the thermal energy storage unit reaches 3.2 ℃ after 10 years of operation, effectively preventing the soil heat imbalance. The distance between the buried pipes and the depth had the greatest influence on the performance of the system. The total length of the pipes could be reduced by approximately 23% with a spacing of 4 m and a depth of 150 m. The daily thermal energy storage system should be matched to the valley power storage heat and heat release load to avoid wasting the valley power. If the storage heat power is large, the volume of the storage tank can be increased, and the flat power heat release is considered. The optimized system improves the utilization rate of valley power and reduces annual operating costs by 11.2%.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Yin Yonggao, male, professor, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, 86-13611515279, E-mail: . Research fields: solution dehumidification and low-grade heat utilization, energy-saving of new heat pumps and air conditioning systems, energy storage technology for building carbon neutrality.
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuchuan Yang, Yonggao Yin, Xiao Li, Donglin Zhao, Mengying Cui), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239230406524981730, articleId=1239230394067898522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, language=CN, title=基于湖/河水的跨季节/天混合储热技术实践与优化, columnId=1239230395863060646, journalTitle=制冷学报, columnName=面向零碳能源消纳的储冷储热技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

热泵技术因其电热转换的高效性已成为中低温供暖领域的主要路径。然而北方冬季缺少稳定热源，因此需要将城市范围内的热源进行跨季节存储，以保证热泵系统供暖的稳定性。基于馆陶地区河水跨季节/天储热工程，利用TRNSYS搭建仿真模型，在固定场地面积限制下对蓄热体各参数进行敏感性分析，并对跨天储热的配置与策略进行优化。结果表明：运行10 a后，蓄热体温升达到3.2 ℃，有效防止了土壤热失衡；埋管间距与深度对系统性能影响最大，当间距为4 m、深度为150 m时，总管长可减小约23%。此外跨天储热应匹配谷电储热量与释热负荷，避免谷电浪费，当制热功率大时，可增大水箱容积并考虑平电释热，以提高谷电利用率，优化后年运行费用减少11.2%。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
殷勇高，男，教授，东南大学能源与环境学院，13611515279，E-mail：。研究方向：溶液除湿及低品位热利用、新型热泵与空调系统节能、面向建筑碳中和的储能技术研究。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=woJavuMdxERELmz7PHzbfw==, magXml=BMFnM5WFeqa5wSMzAi0bGw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PKgM+XcHB+bWelRxOwEhMw==, pdfFileSize=10671575, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+A2+ud50jq93zFa8WDLhgg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=u0hJlF8+G3Q92OpGughPcQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=杨曙川, 殷勇高, 李晓, 赵栋霖, 崔梦颖)}, authors=[Author(id=1239230407011521049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230407145738790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230407011521049, language=EN, stringName=Shuchuan Yang, firstName=Shuchuan, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230407279956528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230407011521049, language=CN, stringName=杨曙川, firstName=曙川, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406780834304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406789222914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406793417219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000)])]), Author(id=1239230407548391997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=y.yin@seu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409037369927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230407548391997, language=EN, stringName=Yonggao Yin, firstName=Yonggao, middleName=null, lastName=Yin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409154810450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230407548391997, language=CN, stringName=殷勇高, firstName=勇高, middleName=null, lastName=殷, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406780834304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406789222914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406793417219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000)])]), Author(id=1239230409259668060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409477771879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230409259668060, language=EN, stringName=Xiao Li, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Hebei Zhuopai Renewable Energy Development Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409607795313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230409259668060, language=CN, stringName=李晓, firstName=晓, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2河北卓派新能源开发有限公司　石家庄　050000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406889886223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406898274831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406889886223, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hebei Zhuopai Renewable Energy Development Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406915052047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406889886223, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北卓派新能源开发有限公司　石家庄　050000)])]), Author(id=1239230409695875703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409851064960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230409695875703, language=EN, stringName=Donglin Zhao, firstName=Donglin, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230409985282696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230409695875703, language=CN, stringName=赵栋霖, firstName=栋霖, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406780834304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406789222914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406793417219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000)])]), Author(id=1239230410069168782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239230410190803606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230410069168782, language=EN, stringName=Mengying Cui, firstName=Mengying, middleName=null, lastName=Cui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239230410291466906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, authorId=1239230410069168782, language=CN, stringName=崔梦颖, firstName=梦颖, middleName=null, lastName=崔, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406780834304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406789222914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406793417219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1239230410387935906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=seasonal thermal energy storage), Keyword(id=1239230410484404906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=river water), Keyword(id=1239230410580873902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=peak-valley electricity price), Keyword(id=1239230410664759989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=TRNSYS), Keyword(id=1239230410769617592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=跨季节储热), Keyword(id=1239230410857697980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=河水), Keyword(id=1239230410941584068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=峰谷电价), Keyword(id=1239230411050635978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=TRNSYS)], refs=[Reference(id=1239230419065951188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=861, pageEnd=868, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=凌浩恕, 何京东, 徐玉杰, journalName=储能科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=凌浩恕, 何京东, 徐玉杰, 等. 清洁供暖储热技术现状与趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 861-868., articleTitle=清洁供暖储热技术现状与趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419175003096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=861, pageEnd=868, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LING Haoshu, HE Jingdong, XU Yujie, journalName=Energy Storage Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LING Haoshu, HE Jingdong, XU Yujie, et al. Status and prospect of thermal energy storage technology for clean heating[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 861-868.), articleTitle=Status and prospect of thermal energy storage technology for clean heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419275666397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=9, pageStart=1177, pageEnd=1188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=姚华, 黄云, 徐敬英, journalName=中国科学院院刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚华, 黄云, 徐敬英, 等. 我国北方地区清洁供暖技术现状与问题探讨[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35(9): 1177-1188., articleTitle=我国北方地区清洁供暖技术现状与问题探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419367941091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=9, pageStart=1177, pageEnd=1188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=YAO Hua, HUANG Yun, XU Jingying, journalName=Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(YAO Hua, HUANG Yun, XU Jingying, et al. Technology status and discussion on challenges of clean heating in northern China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020, 35(9): 1177-1188.), articleTitle=Technology status and discussion on challenges of clean heating in northern China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419456021480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=87, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=聂海宁, 黄小琳, 曾智勇, journalName=能源与节能, refType=null, unstructuredReference=聂海宁, 黄小琳, 曾智勇. 中国清洁能源供热现状及发展前景[J]. 能源与节能, 2018, 23(12): 87-89., articleTitle=中国清洁能源供热现状及发展前景, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419560879083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=87, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=NIE Haining, HUANG Xiaolin, ZENG Zhiyong, journalName=Energy and Energy Conservation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(NIE Haining, HUANG Xiaolin, ZENG Zhiyong. Present situation and development prospect of clean energy heating in China[J]. Energy and Energy Conservation, 2018, 23(12): 87-89.), articleTitle=Present situation and development prospect of clean energy heating in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419661542381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=47, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=王沣浩, 王志华, 郑煜鑫, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王沣浩, 王志华, 郑煜鑫, 等. 低温环境下空气源热泵的研究现状及展望[J]. 制冷学报, 2013, 34(5): 47-54., articleTitle=低温环境下空气源热泵的研究现状及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419778982898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=47, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=WANG Fenghao, WANG Zhihua, ZHENG Yuxin, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(WANG Fenghao, WANG Zhihua, ZHENG Yuxin, et al. Research progress and prospect of air source heat pump in low temperature environment[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2013, 34(5): 47-54.), articleTitle=Research progress and prospect of air source heat pump in low temperature environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230419904812024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=88, issue=11, pageStart=4128, pageEnd=4138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=GUO J J, WU J Y, WANG R Z, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO J J, WU J Y, WANG R Z, et al. Experimental research and operation optimization of an air-source heat pump water heater[J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88(11): 4128-4138., articleTitle=Experimental research and operation optimization of an air-source heat pump water heater, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420018058234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=319, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=JIANG Kewen, ZHANG Wei, journalName=Desalination and Water Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Kewen, ZHANG Wei. The operation strategy of river water source heat pump cold source system in a chemical industrial park in a region with hot summers and cold winters[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2024, 319: 100483., articleTitle=The operation strategy of river water source heat pump cold source system in a chemical industrial park in a region with hot summers and cold winters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420101944316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=188, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=JUNG Y, KIM J, KIM H, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JUNG Y, KIM J, KIM H, et al. Comprehensive feasibility investigation of river source heat pump systems in terms of life cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 188: 116655., articleTitle=Comprehensive feasibility investigation of river source heat pump systems in terms of life cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420198413312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=979, pageEnd=984, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=李舒宏, 张小松, 杨伟华, journalName=东南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李舒宏, 张小松, 杨伟华, 等. 多功能地源热泵埋管周围土壤的温度变化特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 40(5): 979-984., articleTitle=多功能地源热泵埋管周围土壤的温度变化特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420290686979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=979, pageEnd=984, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LI Shuhong, ZHANG Xiaosong, YANG Weihua, journalName=Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LI Shuhong, ZHANG Xiaosong, YANG Weihua, et al. Temperature variation of soil around underground heat exchangers of multi-function ground source heat pump system[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 40(5): 979-984.), articleTitle=Temperature variation of soil around underground heat exchangers of multi-function ground source heat pump system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420374573061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=973, pageEnd=978, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=杨卫波, 陈振乾, 施明恒, journalName=东南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨卫波, 陈振乾, 施明恒. 跨季节蓄能型地源热泵地下蓄能与释能特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 40(5): 973-978., articleTitle=跨季节蓄能型地源热泵地下蓄能与释能特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420441681927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=973, pageEnd=978, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=YANG Weibo, CHEN Zhenqian, SHI Mingheng, journalName=Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=(YANG Weibo, CHEN Zhenqian, SHI Mingheng. Underground energy storage and release characteristics of ground source heat pump with seasonal energy storage[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 40(5): 973-978.), articleTitle=Underground energy storage and release characteristics of ground source heat pump with seasonal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420521373704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=203, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Xiaozhe, ZHANG Hao, CUI Lin, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xiaozhe, ZHANG Hao, CUI Lin, et al. Borehole thermal energy storage for building heating application: a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2024, 203: 114772., articleTitle=Borehole thermal energy storage for building heating application: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420622037002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=325, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHAO Xingwang, LI Yanwei, CHEN Xin, journalName=Energy and Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Xingwang, LI Yanwei, CHEN Xin, et al. Ten differences of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system from ground-source heat pump system[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2024, 325: 114994., articleTitle=Ten differences of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system from ground-source heat pump system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420697534476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=增刊1, pageStart=202, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=冯国会, 张磊, 常莎莎, journalName=暖通空调, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯国会, 张磊, 常莎莎, 等. 严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热-地源热泵耦合系统性能研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2021, 51(增刊1): 202-206., articleTitle=严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热-地源热泵耦合系统性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420789809167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=Suppl. 1, pageStart=202, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=FENG Guohui, ZHANG Lei, CHANG Shasha, journalName=Journal of HV&AC, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(FENG Guohui, ZHANG Lei, CHANG Shasha, et al. Research on the performance of solar energy seasonal thermal energy storage coupled with ground source heat pump systems in severe cold regions[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2021, 51(Suppl. 1): 202-206.), articleTitle=Research on the performance of solar energy seasonal thermal energy storage coupled with ground source heat pump systems in severe cold regions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420873695250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=52, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=窦子慧, 刘景霞, 李宝利, journalName=综合智慧能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=窦子慧, 刘景霞, 李宝利. 严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热热泵系统研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(4): 52-58., articleTitle=严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热热泵系统研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230420978552853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=52, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=DOU Zihui, LIU Jingxia, LI Baoli, journalName=Integrated Intelligent Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(DOU Zihui, LIU Jingxia, LI Baoli. Study on the solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system with seasonalheat storage in cold regions[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(4): 52-58.), articleTitle=Study on the solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system with seasonalheat storage in cold regions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230421054050327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=1028, pageEnd=1037, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=山强, 杨绪飞, 吴小华, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=山强, 杨绪飞, 吴小华, 等. 太阳能跨季节蓄热增强土壤源热泵供暖系统建模与仿真研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(8): 1028-1037., articleTitle=太阳能跨季节蓄热增强土壤源热泵供暖系统建模与仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422496890906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=1028, pageEnd=1037, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=SHAN Qiang, YANG Xufei, WU Xiaohua, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(SHAN Qiang, YANG Xufei, WU Xiaohua, et al. Research on modeling and simulation of ground source heat pump heating system with seasonal solar thermal energy storage enhancement[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(8): 1028-1037.), articleTitle=Research on modeling and simulation of ground source heat pump heating system with seasonal solar thermal energy storage enhancement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422601748508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=142, issue=null, pageStart=745, pageEnd=759, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=GROSSI I, DONGELLINI M, PIAZZI A, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GROSSI I, DONGELLINI M, PIAZZI A, et al. Dynamic modelling and energy performance analysis of an innovative dual-source heat pump system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142: 745-759., articleTitle=Dynamic modelling and energy performance analysis of an innovative dual-source heat pump system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422727577630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=114, issue=null, pageStart=360, pageEnd=373, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=JRADI M, VEJE C, JØRGENSEN B N, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JRADI M, VEJE C, JØRGENSEN B N. Performance analysis of a soil-based thermal energy storage system using solar-driven air-source heat pump for Danish buildings sector[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 114: 360-373., articleTitle=Performance analysis of a soil-based thermal energy storage system using solar-driven air-source heat pump for Danish buildings sector, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422849212447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=97, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=张姝, 郑茂余, 王潇, journalName=暖通空调, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张姝, 郑茂余, 王潇, 等. 严寒地区跨季节空气-U形地埋管土壤蓄热特性模拟与实验验证[J]. 暖通空调, 2012, 42(3): 97-102., articleTitle=严寒地区跨季节空气-U形地埋管土壤蓄热特性模拟与实验验证, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422916321312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=97, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ZHANG Shu, ZHENG Maoyu, WANG Xiao, journalName=Journal of HV&AC, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Shu, ZHENG Maoyu, WANG Xiao, et al. Simulation and experimental validation of soil seasonal thermal storage characteristics by air-U tube system in severe cold zone[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2012, 42(3): 97-102.), articleTitle=Simulation and experimental validation of soil seasonal thermal storage characteristics by air-U tube system in severe cold zone, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230422979235873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=增刊2, pageStart=11, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=方豪, 夏建军, 江亿, journalName=建筑科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方豪, 夏建军, 江亿. 北方采暖新模式：低品位工业余热应用于城镇集中供热[J]. 建筑科学, 2012, 28(增刊2): 11-14., articleTitle=北方采暖新模式：低品位工业余热应用于城镇集中供热, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423046344738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=Suppl. 2, pageStart=11, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=FANG Hao, XIA Jianjun, JIANG Yi, journalName=Building Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(FANG Hao, XIA Jianjun, JIANG Yi. New heating mode in North China: low-grade industrial waste heat applied to urban central heating[J]. Building Science, 2012, 28(Suppl. 2): 11-14.), articleTitle=New heating mode in North China: low-grade industrial waste heat applied to urban central heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423142813731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=137, issue=null, pageStart=319, pageEnd=328, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=XU L, TORRENS J I, GUO F, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU L, TORRENS J I, GUO F, et al. Application of large underground seasonal thermal energy storage in district heating system: a model-based energy performance assessment of a pilot system in Chifeng, China[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 137: 319-328., articleTitle=Application of large underground seasonal thermal energy storage in district heating system: a model-based energy performance assessment of a pilot system in Chifeng, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423226699812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=111, issue=null, pageStart=392, pageEnd=421, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=WANG Guiling, WANG Wanli, LUO Jin, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Guiling, WANG Wanli, LUO Jin, et al. Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 111: 392-421., articleTitle=Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423293808677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=76, issue=1-3, pageStart=165, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=SCHMIDT T, MANGOLD D, MÜLLER-STEINHAGEN H, journalName=Solar Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHMIDT T, MANGOLD D, MÜLLER-STEINHAGEN H. Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in Germany[J]. Solar Energy, 2004, 76(1-3): 165-174., articleTitle=Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in Germany, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423373500454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=181, issue=null, pageStart=464, pageEnd=476, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=RAPANTOVA N, POSPISIL P, KOZIOREK J, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAPANTOVA N, POSPISIL P, KOZIOREK J, et al. Optimisation of experimental operation of borehole thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181: 464-476., articleTitle=Optimisation of experimental operation of borehole thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423478358055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=77, issue=null, pageStart=393, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LANINI S, DELALEUX F, PY X, journalName=Energy and Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LANINI S, DELALEUX F, PY X, et al. Improvement of borehole thermal energy storage design based on experimental and modelling results[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2014, 77: 393-400., articleTitle=Improvement of borehole thermal energy storage design based on experimental and modelling results, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423579021352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=1148, pageEnd=1154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=张辉, 侯宏娟, 汉京晓, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张辉, 侯宏娟, 汉京晓, 等. 跨季节地埋管储热性能模拟及分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(5): 1148-1154., articleTitle=跨季节地埋管储热性能模拟及分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423662907433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=1148, pageEnd=1154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHANG Hui, HOU Hongjuan, HAN Jingxiao, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Hui, HOU Hongjuan, HAN Jingxiao, et al. Simulation and analysis of performance of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(5): 1148-1154.), articleTitle=Simulation and analysis of performance of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423818096682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=11, pageStart=80, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=36, authorNames=陈萨如拉, 常甜馨, 杨洋, journalName=流体机械, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈萨如拉, 常甜馨, 杨洋. 基于全局敏感性分析的跨季节埋管蓄热体热特性研究[J]. 流体机械, 2020, 48(11): 80-88., articleTitle=基于全局敏感性分析的跨季节埋管蓄热体热特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230423906177067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=11, pageStart=80, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=CHEN Sarula, CHANG Tianxin, YANG Yang, journalName=Fluid Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(CHEN Sarula, CHANG Tianxin, YANG Yang. Study on thermal characteristics of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage unit based on global sensitivity analysis[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2020, 48(11): 80-88.), articleTitle=Study on thermal characteristics of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage unit based on global sensitivity analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424006840364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=264, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=38, authorNames=GUO Fang, ZHU Xiaoyue, ZHANG Junyue, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Fang, ZHU Xiaoyue, ZHANG Junyue, et al. Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 264: 114763., articleTitle=Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424132669485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=39, authorNames=李克锋, 郝红升, 庄春义, journalName=四川大学学报(工程科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李克锋, 郝红升, 庄春义, 等. 利用气象因子估算天然河道水温的新公式[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2006, 38(1): 1-4., articleTitle=利用气象因子估算天然河道水温的新公式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424262692910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LI Kefeng, HAO Hongsheng, ZHUANG Chunyi, journalName=Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LI Kefeng, HAO Hongsheng, ZHUANG Chunyi, et al. A new method for predicting water temperature of river by using meteorological factors[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2006, 38(1): 1-4.), articleTitle=A new method for predicting water temperature of river by using meteorological factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424354967599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=65, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=41, authorNames=SI Pengfei, LI Angui, RONG Xiangyang, journalName=Renewable Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SI Pengfei, LI Angui, RONG Xiangyang, et al. New optimized model for water temperature calculation of river-water source heat pump and its application in simulation of energy consumption[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 84: 65-73., articleTitle=New optimized model for water temperature calculation of river-water source heat pump and its application in simulation of energy consumption, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424472408112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=42, authorNames=白振营, journalName=水文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白振营. 一个计算湖泊(水库)自然水温的新公式[J]. 水文, 1999, 19(3): 29-32., articleTitle=一个计算湖泊(水库)自然水温的新公式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424568877105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=BAI Zhenying, journalName=Hydrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(BAI Zhenying. A new formula for calculating the natural water temperature of lakes (reservoirs)[J]. Hydrology, 1999, 19(3): 29-32.), articleTitle=A new formula for calculating the natural water temperature of lakes (reservoirs), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424669540402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=320, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=王春林, 郭放, 朱永利, journalName=太阳能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王春林, 郭放, 朱永利, 等. 大规模太阳能跨季节土壤储热系统设计优化[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(4): 320-327., articleTitle=大规模太阳能跨季节土壤储热系统设计优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424770203699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=320, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=45, authorNames=WANG Chunlin, GUO Fang, ZHU Yongli, journalName=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(WANG Chunlin, GUO Fang, ZHU Yongli, et al. Design and optimization of large-scale seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for solar energy[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(4): 320-327.), articleTitle=Design and optimization of large-scale seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for solar energy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424854089780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=42, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=46, authorNames=吕超, 郑茂余, journalName=制冷学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕超, 郑茂余. 土壤源热泵系统土壤热平衡的评价方法研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2016, 37(3): 42-47., articleTitle=土壤源热泵系统土壤热平衡的评价方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230424937975861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=42, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=47, authorNames=LYU Chao, ZHENG Maoyu, journalName=Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(LYU Chao, ZHENG Maoyu. Research on evaluation method of soil heat balance of ground-coupled heat pump system[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2016, 37(3): 42-47.), articleTitle=Research on evaluation method of soil heat balance of ground-coupled heat pump system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230425038639158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=74, issue=增刊1, pageStart=295, pageEnd=301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=48, authorNames=张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, journalName=化工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 等. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(增刊1): 295-301., articleTitle=双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239230425126719543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=74, issue=Suppl. 1, pageStart=295, pageEnd=301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=49, authorNames=ZHANG Siyu, YIN Yonggao, JIA Pengqi, journalName=CIESC Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(ZHANG Siyu, YIN Yonggao, JIA Pengqi, et al. Study on seasonal thermal energy storage characteristics of double U-shaped buried pipe group[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(Suppl. 1): 295-301.), articleTitle=Study on seasonal thermal energy storage characteristics of double U-shaped buried pipe group, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239230406780834304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406789222914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406793417219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406780834304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239230406889886223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406898274831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406889886223, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hebei Zhuopai Renewable Energy Development Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239230406915052047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, companyId=1239230406889886223, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北卓派新能源开发有限公司　石家庄　050000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239230411193242320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Seasonal thermal energy storage system, figureFileSmall=y1VrTlIPcsti0bviwA/taA==, figureFileBig=+A2+ud50jq93zFa8WDLhgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411289711320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图1, caption=跨季节储热系统, figureFileSmall=y1VrTlIPcsti0bviwA/taA==, figureFileBig=+A2+ud50jq93zFa8WDLhgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411537175269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Seasonal thermal energy storage project in Guantao, figureFileSmall=39A+rAn3nh2YhxHHRlPpzg==, figureFileBig=HF7Hxss826nh3E7Tx2TUog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411671393004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图2, caption=馆陶跨季节储热工程, figureFileSmall=39A+rAn3nh2YhxHHRlPpzg==, figureFileBig=HF7Hxss826nh3E7Tx2TUog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411788833521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Load and temperature in winter, figureFileSmall=WJ7QSaH41bpdm1aVGhcIQg==, figureFileBig=beXhxfIN4EjoVYLQcDku7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411893691129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图3, caption=冬季负荷与气温, figureFileSmall=WJ7QSaH41bpdm1aVGhcIQg==, figureFileBig=beXhxfIN4EjoVYLQcDku7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230411985965823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Annual peak valley electricity price, figureFileSmall=eHdv4K+UJL51Db6pWqhJCQ==, figureFileBig=d06P4S+dmtkaexgeC3YDhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230412099212040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图4, caption=峰谷电价, figureFileSmall=eHdv4K+UJL51Db6pWqhJCQ==, figureFileBig=d06P4S+dmtkaexgeC3YDhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413588189966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Verification of river water temperature model, figureFileSmall=FyQhgxGyHDFQRHwwbEiaVw==, figureFileBig=vD0dqapBEvaRUgbtyjb6DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413743379221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图5, caption=河水温度模型验证, figureFileSmall=FyQhgxGyHDFQRHwwbEiaVw==, figureFileBig=vD0dqapBEvaRUgbtyjb6DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413831459611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Principle of seasonal/daily thermal energy storage system, figureFileSmall=In1LZT7/3rn6vKY9XZBJ3A==, figureFileBig=ZByoWgpEYRgBQrLEb4g0BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230413915345695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图6, caption=跨季节/天储热系统原理

P水泵；V阀门。

, figureFileSmall=In1LZT7/3rn6vKY9XZBJ3A==, figureFileBig=ZByoWgpEYRgBQrLEb4g0BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414016008997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Validation of thermal energy storage unit model, figureFileSmall=lwc0BUCP88wxl0YwMfTisA==, figureFileBig=JdbpPYKqNAW5wMZPNJ6xPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414108283694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图7, caption=蓄热体模型验证, figureFileSmall=lwc0BUCP88wxl0YwMfTisA==, figureFileBig=JdbpPYKqNAW5wMZPNJ6xPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414204752688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Variation of system energy and efficiency, figureFileSmall=yx1N50koD/eBTICs1Esy5w==, figureFileBig=C1EJNxzxZKuj6PHZP8X+lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414330581812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图8, caption=系统能量及效率变化, figureFileSmall=yx1N50koD/eBTICs1Esy5w==, figureFileBig=C1EJNxzxZKuj6PHZP8X+lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414452216636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Temperature of thermal storage unit for different systems, figureFileSmall=mhIYE6sFJ8OGR4YfQAarfg==, figureFileBig=Y/WVUp+8m3CiWUhDwWFGkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414552879937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同系统的蓄热体温度, figureFileSmall=mhIYE6sFJ8OGR4YfQAarfg==, figureFileBig=Y/WVUp+8m3CiWUhDwWFGkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414636766022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Outlet temperature of thermal storage unit for different systems, figureFileSmall=JSh+UTKmUNVI2x9wUpt+yQ==, figureFileBig=e4hrhVLjo36HRZ/ylsHWAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414741623628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同系统的蓄热体出口温度, figureFileSmall=JSh+UTKmUNVI2x9wUpt+yQ==, figureFileBig=e4hrhVLjo36HRZ/ylsHWAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414838092625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Utilization status of valley electricity, figureFileSmall=2zSVFPcBXA24pLOiT5tz2w==, figureFileBig=J+84gLnCDD3iFyieqeH20A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230414963921752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图11, caption=谷电利用状况, figureFileSmall=2zSVFPcBXA24pLOiT5tz2w==, figureFileBig=J+84gLnCDD3iFyieqeH20A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415068779359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Water tank temperature during heating season, figureFileSmall=3L4I2tHbO/lR4gU6Uf+kLQ==, figureFileBig=rAZPgoeMTGFF7bTU8iLdYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415165248354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图12, caption=供暖季水箱温度, figureFileSmall=3L4I2tHbO/lR4gU6Uf+kLQ==, figureFileBig=rAZPgoeMTGFF7bTU8iLdYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415312048996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Variation of indicators at different parameters, figureFileSmall=qLjT982TN//X8XfpSmwv9A==, figureFileBig=/STwei5MCCJELLoaEAlK/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415416906601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同参数下的指标变化, figureFileSmall=qLjT982TN//X8XfpSmwv9A==, figureFileBig=/STwei5MCCJELLoaEAlK/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415542735729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Sensitivity coefficients of various parameters, figureFileSmall=3xVOmOjt+tqRatk0VZ+0aA==, figureFileBig=6NyhVazyPGsJS1EQy1+k4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415697924982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图14, caption=各参数的敏感度系数, figureFileSmall=3xVOmOjt+tqRatk0VZ+0aA==, figureFileBig=6NyhVazyPGsJS1EQy1+k4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415848919940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Variation of indicators at different spacings and depths, figureFileSmall=gEl7SzGTOWwTT0n66uZqZw==, figureFileBig=lgsLUY5uOhLSK8srcP80Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230415966360460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同间距、深度下指标变化, figureFileSmall=gEl7SzGTOWwTT0n66uZqZw==, figureFileBig=lgsLUY5uOhLSK8srcP80Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230416108966802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Thermal release operation during valley electricity price periods under different tank volumes, figureFileSmall=gUzIcRyS7b10Yg2nB6m4TA==, figureFileBig=3tWTje+nZFlAqrJH3Hh5aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230416218018713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同水箱容积下峰电释热运行, figureFileSmall=gUzIcRyS7b10Yg2nB6m4TA==, figureFileBig=3tWTje+nZFlAqrJH3Hh5aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230416314487708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Thermal release operation during flat electricity price periods under different tank volumes, figureFileSmall=iUcVhE3T3bJ+0b1pTAC84A==, figureFileBig=j56OAMwxKARo81jDsUgBlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230416398373793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同水箱容积下平电释热运行, figureFileSmall=iUcVhE3T3bJ+0b1pTAC84A==, figureFileBig=j56OAMwxKARo81jDsUgBlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230416494842791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=Annual operating fees under different heat release controls, figureFileSmall=LJf/5GfO+gK976JC8kAMIQ==, figureFileBig=V6ljq+nHbe47ayClP0LSTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230417983820717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=图18, caption=不同释热控制下的运行年费, figureFileSmall=LJf/5GfO+gK976JC8kAMIQ==, figureFileBig=V6ljq+nHbe47ayClP0LSTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239230418076095409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Characteristics of each heat source, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热源形式优点缺点
太阳能来源广泛、品位高成本高
空气能来源广泛、布置灵活需额外增设热泵
工业余热成本低、能量品位高受地域与生产限制
地表水来源广泛、成本低品位低
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418176758708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=表1, caption=各类热源的特点, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热源形式优点缺点
太阳能来源广泛、品位高成本高
空气能来源广泛、布置灵活需额外增设热泵
工业余热成本低、能量品位高受地域与生产限制
地表水来源广泛、成本低品位低
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418403251127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Main parameters of seasonal/daily composite thermal energy storage system, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数量参数值
蓄热体1埋管深度/m150
埋管数目/个2 000
埋管间距/m3.5
土壤导热系数/[（W/（m·K）]1.31
土壤热容/[kJ/（m3·K）]2 100
高温热泵2额定制热功率/kW2 303
输入功率/kW720
制热温度/℃60
热泵机组4额定制热功率/kW2 723
输入功率/kW555
制热温度/℃45
河水泵1流量/（m3/h）600
额定功率/kW45
循环水泵2流量/（m3/h）300
额定功率/kW45
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418495525819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=表2, caption=跨季节/天储热系统主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数量参数值
蓄热体1埋管深度/m150
埋管数目/个2 000
埋管间距/m3.5
土壤导热系数/[（W/（m·K）]1.31
土壤热容/[kJ/（m3·K）]2 100
高温热泵2额定制热功率/kW2 303
输入功率/kW720
制热温度/℃60
热泵机组4额定制热功率/kW2 723
输入功率/kW555
制热温度/℃45
河水泵1流量/（m3/h）600
额定功率/kW45
循环水泵2流量/（m3/h）300
额定功率/kW45
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418612966338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Average of indicators within 10 years, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统谷电占比/%运行年费/万元
跨季节/天系统52.8241
跨季节系统35.7300
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418696852422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=表3, caption=10 a内指标均值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统谷电占比/%运行年费/万元
跨季节/天系统52.8241
跨季节系统35.7300
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418805904331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Variation range of parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Sp/mH/mQr/（m3/h）Qx/（m3/h）
最小值250300300
最大值8250900900
步长1.550150150
参考值5150600600
), ArticleFig(id=1239230418919150542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238823019242635269, articleId=1239230394067898522, language=CN, label=表4, caption=参数变化范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Sp/mH/mQr/（m3/h）Qx/（m3/h）
最小值250300300
最大值8250900900
步长1.550150150
参考值5150600600
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1238822513841586179, delFlag=0, nameCn=制冷学报, nameEn=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4339, eissn=2097-650X, cn=11-2182/TB, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773287903512, updatedTime=1773299932329, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, picEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1238872966457520458, language=CN, name=制冷学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932350, updatedTime=1773299932350, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1238872966507852107, language=EN, name=Journal of Refrigeration, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773299932362, updatedTime=1773299932362, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=3899b7f4-47a5-4fb5-8, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-zhilengxuebao-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fzhilengxuebao.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1238823019242635269, websiteList=[Website(id=1238843830003356342, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773292985679, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293389655, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=制冷学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876063237992790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300670680, updateTime=1773300670680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063217021267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300670675, updateTime=1773300670675, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063258964313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670685, updateTime=1773300670685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063208632658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300670673, updateTime=1773300670673, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063271547227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670688, updateTime=1773300670688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063233798485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773300670679, updateTime=1773300670679, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063263158618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300670687, updateTime=1773300670687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063225409876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773300670677, updateTime=1773300670677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063246381399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300670682, updateTime=1773300670682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876063250575704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830003356342, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300670683, updateTime=1773300670683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1238843830074659514, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1238823019242635269, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773292985695, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773293420654, updateBy=18614031015, name=制冷学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Refrigeration, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1238876091918643554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773300677518, updateTime=1773300677518, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091893477727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773300677512, updateTime=1773300677512, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091935420773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677522, updateTime=1773300677522, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091885089118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=4PlxZN/EdYc/tGPHGzZ0fw==, createTime=1773300677510, updateTime=1773300677510, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091952197991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677526, updateTime=1773300677526, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091910254945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773300677516, updateTime=1773300677516, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091948003686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773300677525, updateTime=1773300677525, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091897672032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773300677513, updateTime=1773300677513, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091927032163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773300677520, updateTime=1773300677520, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1238876091931226468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1238843830074659514, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773300677521, updateTime=1773300677521, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=制冷学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.zhilengxuebao.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Refrigeration, journalPhotoCn=JDTT9dhyhNYd/ugabP90Kg==, journalPhotoEn=CikjJLRTlyHZsUAWPKsBaw==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/PDF/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于湖/河水的跨季节/天混合储热技术实践与优化
收藏切换
PDF下载
杨曙川 1 , 殷勇高 1 , 李晓 2 , 赵栋霖 1 , 崔梦颖 1
制冷学报 | 面向零碳能源消纳的储冷储热技术 2025,46(3): 1-10
收起
收藏切换
制冷学报 | 面向零碳能源消纳的储冷储热技术 2025, 46(3): 1-10
基于湖/河水的跨季节/天混合储热技术实践与优化
全屏
杨曙川1, 殷勇高1 , 李晓2, 赵栋霖1, 崔梦颖1
作者信息
  • 1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000
  • 2河北卓派新能源开发有限公司　石家庄　050000

通讯作者:

殷勇高，男，教授，东南大学能源与环境学院，13611515279，E-mail：。研究方向：溶液除湿及低品位热利用、新型热泵与空调系统节能、面向建筑碳中和的储能技术研究。
Practice and Optimization of Seasonal/Daily Composite Thermal Energy Storage Technology Based on Lakes/Rivers
Shuchuan Yang1, Yonggao Yin1 , Xiao Li2, Donglin Zhao1, Mengying Cui1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
  • 2.Hebei Zhuopai Renewable Energy Development Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000
出版时间: 2025-06-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

热泵技术因其电热转换的高效性已成为中低温供暖领域的主要路径。然而北方冬季缺少稳定热源，因此需要将城市范围内的热源进行跨季节存储，以保证热泵系统供暖的稳定性。基于馆陶地区河水跨季节/天储热工程，利用TRNSYS搭建仿真模型，在固定场地面积限制下对蓄热体各参数进行敏感性分析，并对跨天储热的配置与策略进行优化。结果表明：运行10 a后，蓄热体温升达到3.2 ℃，有效防止了土壤热失衡；埋管间距与深度对系统性能影响最大，当间距为4 m、深度为150 m时，总管长可减小约23%。此外跨天储热应匹配谷电储热量与释热负荷，避免谷电浪费，当制热功率大时，可增大水箱容积并考虑平电释热，以提高谷电利用率，优化后年运行费用减少11.2%。

跨季节储热  /  河水  /  峰谷电价  /  TRNSYS

Heat pump technology has become an essential solution in the field of medium- and low-temperature heating due to its superior efficiency in converting electrical energy into thermal energy. However, owing to the lack of stable heat sources during winter in northern China, it is necessary to store the heat sources within the urban area throughout the seasons to ensure the stability of the heat provided by the heat pump system. In this study, based on the project of seasonal/daily thermal storage of river water in Guantao, a simulation model was constructed using the Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS). A sensitivity analysis of the thermal energy storage unit parameters was conducted under the constraint of the fixed site area. The configurations and strategies of the daily thermal energy storage were optimized. The results show that the temperature rise of the thermal energy storage unit reaches 3.2 ℃ after 10 years of operation, effectively preventing the soil heat imbalance. The distance between the buried pipes and the depth had the greatest influence on the performance of the system. The total length of the pipes could be reduced by approximately 23% with a spacing of 4 m and a depth of 150 m. The daily thermal energy storage system should be matched to the valley power storage heat and heat release load to avoid wasting the valley power. If the storage heat power is large, the volume of the storage tank can be increased, and the flat power heat release is considered. The optimized system improves the utilization rate of valley power and reduces annual operating costs by 11.2%.

seasonal thermal energy storage  /  river water  /  peak-valley electricity price  /  TRNSYS
杨曙川, 殷勇高, 李晓, 赵栋霖, 崔梦颖. 基于湖/河水的跨季节/天混合储热技术实践与优化. 制冷学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001
Shuchuan Yang, Yonggao Yin, Xiao Li, Donglin Zhao, Mengying Cui. Practice and Optimization of Seasonal/Daily Composite Thermal Energy Storage Technology Based on Lakes/Rivers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (3) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001
正文
收起
根据国家能源局统计，我国北方地区建筑供热面积总和超过200亿m2，其中空调和采暖依赖以煤炭为主的化石能源，燃煤占比83%，约2亿t标煤为污染严重的散烧煤，烟尘产生量是工业用煤的2.7倍[1-2]，为北方环境污染防治带来巨大压力[3]。热泵技术因其电热转换的高效性，为替代化石能源提供了可靠方案，成为中低温供暖领域实现低/零碳的主要路径。由于北方冬季缺少稳定热源，热泵供暖的稳定性会受到较大影响，空气源热泵在使用中容易出现效率低、能耗高、难以运行等问题[4-5]。水源热泵具有高效节能、运行稳定的特点[6-7]，但需要稳定的水源。地源热泵在长期运行后会造成土壤热失衡问题[8]。综上所述，稳定热源是保证热泵系统实现低/零碳供暖的关键，需要将区域/城市范围内的热源进行跨季节存储，从而在冬季保证热泵系统的高效稳定供暖，所以跨季节储热（seasonal thermal energy storage，STES）愈发受到关注[9-11]。图1所示为一个简单的跨季节储热系统。该系统包含机组端、用户端、蓄热体以及能源端。与传统地源热泵不同的是，跨季节储热系统利用非采暖季的可再生能源（太阳能、空气能等）对蓄热体进行热量回灌以补充供暖季提取的热量，从而实现蓄热体的热平衡并保证系统的长期稳定运行。
在大规模集中供暖下，成本是限制跨季节系统应用的首要问题：1）热源成本，目前储热热源主要为太阳能[12-14]、空气能[15-17]、工业余热[18-19]，表1所示为各类热源的特点，其中低成本地表水不仅摆脱了工业生产的限制，且存在巨大的能量利用潜力[20]；2）运营成本，峰谷电价差的合理利用应成为优化供暖系统经济性的重要策略，但目前跨季节储热中结合地表水热源与峰谷电价策略的研究尚有不足。
蓄热体作为热量存储与转移的媒介，其热性能是影响系统运行效能的关键因素。T. Schmidt等[21]研究发现降低储热体比表面积可以降低储热体热损失。N. Rapantova等[22]发现在长期运行中，较大的导热效率、较长的钻孔深度会加大热损失。S. Lanini等[23]结合实验与模拟发现，当钻孔深度由100 m增至150 m时，热损失将增大15%。张辉等[24]研究了多变量对储热效率的影响，并指出相比于土壤热容与钻孔深度，土壤导热系数与钻孔间距更为重要。陈萨如拉等[25]通过全局敏感性分析法研究了单一因素与交互因素变化对注热量、蓄热率的影响，发现蓄热温度、钻孔深度、埋管间距、导热系数是影响蓄热体热性能的关键因素。Guo Fang等[26]研究发现，蓄热体内部传热是导致损的主要因素，且钻孔总长度对蓄热体热性能影响最大。综上所述，现有研究主要集中在设计参数对蓄热体热性能的影响，忽略了对系统性能、经济性的评估以及工程中场地面积对蓄热体设计的限制。
本文基于实际工程，利用TRNSYS搭建了基于湖/河水的跨季节/天储热仿真系统，研究了系统在长期运行下的性能变化，在固定场地面积下分析了埋管间距、深度、流量等因素对蓄热体及系统性能的影响，并针对跨天系统对水箱容积与控制策略进行了优化。
1 工程概况
收起
1.1 工程介绍
工程位于河北省邯郸馆陶，当地无大规模型工业余热，但水域面积丰富，城内永济河流经37.5 km，流域面积为292 km2，夏季河水温度达30 ℃以上，具备跨季节储热的先天条件，因此选择在夏季利用河水对蓄热体进行热量回灌，工程初期设计供暖面积约为30万m2。
1.2 负荷情况
利用Meteonorm获取了邯郸馆陶的标准年室外气象参数数据并结合TRNBuild对冬季负荷进行计算，冬季负荷与气温如图3所示。该地区最低气温为-10.7 ℃，最大供暖热负荷为10.9 MW，累计供暖量约为3.66万GJ。
1.3 峰谷电价
由于电价波动，将峰谷电价按2023年11月至2024年3月内的均值进行估算。图4所示为全年峰谷电价分时情况。从谷电到尖峰的价格分别为0.41、0.70、1.00、1.15元/（kW·h）。
2 模型建立与验证
收起
2.1 水温模型
河水温度与当地气温等气象参数密切关联，可通过相关方程拟合得到[27-28]。白振营[29]建立了水温与室外温度、相对湿度、风速的关联方程，并针对河北陡河水库进行了验证，方程如下：
式中：tS为河水温度，℃；Ta为室外温度，℃；r为相对湿度；ω150为水面上方1.5 m处风速，m/s。
工程在5—9月内对水面下方3.5 m处的温度进行测量。将计算结果与实测值进行对比，如图5所示。最大相对误差为14.7%，证明了方程的可靠性。
2.2 系统模型
跨季节/天储热系统主要配置参数如表2所示，系统原理如图6所示。4种运行模式如下：1）谷电蓄热，在采暖季的谷电时段打开P3、P5、V5、V6、V11、V12，开启高温热泵机组给蓄热水箱蓄热，当水箱出口温度达到55 ℃时停止蓄热；2）峰电释热，在采暖季的峰电时段打开P2、P6、V1、V2、V3、V4，通过蓄热水箱给用户供暖，当水箱出口温度低于45 ℃时停止释热；3）正常供热模式，在采暖季打开P3、P4、V7、V8、V9、V10，启动4台机组正常向用户供热；4）埋管储热，在夏季当河水温度高于蓄热体中心温度5 ℃时，打开P1、P3、V13、V14、V15、V16，利用河水对蓄热体储热，当温差小于0 ℃时，停止储热。
在机组蒸发器进出口设置温度测点，并统一由数据采集仪上传至云端进行记录，在供暖季可代替蓄热体进出口温度进行验证。图7所示为蓄热体模型验证结果。由图7可知，实测出水温度与模型出水温度差异较小，最大温差为1.5 ℃，最大相对误差为14%，模型可用于后续的分析中。
2.3 评价指标
跨季节储热系统评价指标包括蓄热体温度、储热效率、蓄热率、性能系数（coefficient of performance，COP）、谷电占比等。储热效率可以直观反映系统的收获与投入之比，计算如下：
式中：ηBTES为系统储热效率，%；Qext为一个完整运行年内从蓄热体提取的热量，J；Qinj为一个完整运行年内输入蓄热体的热量，J。
蓄热率反映了蓄热体本身的热特性，即系统的存量与投入之比，计算如下：
式中：ηST为系统蓄热率，%；Qstor为蓄热体内的蓄热量，J。
谷电占比为系统在全年谷电时段的用电量占全年总用电量的比例，计算如下：
式中：ηgd为谷电占比，%；Ngd为全年谷电用量，kW·h；Nxt为全年系统耗电量，kW·h。
3 系统运行与优化
收起
3.1 运行特性
由于能源端的波动性、地下传热过程的复杂性，系统一般要耗费数年才能达到平衡，因此需要对系统进行长期的运行模拟分析。
图8所示为跨季节/天储热系统的能量及效率变化。由图8可知，随着蓄热体温度升高，注热量由初始的3.89万GJ降至10 a后的3万GJ并趋于平稳。取热量基本保持约2.9万GJ，储热效率随着运行时间逐步增加，由75%升至96%。蓄热率基本维持在96%~98%，较大的储热体减小了边界散热的影响，因此注热量可以更多蓄存在蓄热体内[30]。
图9所示为不同系统蓄热体温度随时间的变化。由图9可知，传统地源热泵系统的蓄热体温度逐年下降，运行10 a后降至6.6 ℃。跨季节/天储热系统的蓄热体温度呈波动上升趋势并趋于稳定，经过5 a的运行后土壤温度基本保持稳定，10 a后温度为18.2 ℃，相比初始温度升高了3.2 ℃，全年温度区间为15.5~20.0 ℃。跨季节储热系统相比跨季节/天储热系统的蓄热体温度约高0.3 ℃，但2种系统对蓄热体影响的差异较小，即跨天储热对跨季节储热系统影响较小。
图10所示为3种系统蓄热体出口温度随时间的变化。由图10可知，地源热泵系统出口水温逐年显著降低，跨季节/天储热系统与跨季节储热系统的出口水温较为稳定，两者夏季出水温度差异不显著，冬季跨季节系统的出口水温略高于跨季节/天储热系统，这是由于谷电蓄热模式使得蓄热体进口流量增加，因此出口水温较低。总体而言，跨季节/天储热系统出水温度受蓄热体温度上升影响而逐步升高，最低出水温度由第1年的4.0 ℃升至第5年的7.0 ℃并趋于稳定。
图11所示为系统的谷电利用状况。由图11可知，每年谷电蓄热、峰电释热时间分别约为597、863 h，10 a内谷电利用率稳定在52.8%。供暖季蓄热水箱的温度变化如图12所示。由图12可知，在供暖季初期，水箱温度由25 ℃逐步升至55 ℃后开始波动，在供暖季中期水箱最低温度为48.0 ℃。在整个供暖季，水箱温度维持在较高水平。
表3所示为跨季节/天系统与跨季节系统在10 a内指标的均值。由表3可知，采用跨季节/天系统电费较低，谷电占比较高，电费下降19.7%，年运行电费节省约59万元，谷电占比提高47.9%。
3.2 分析与优化
由于跨季节储热的长周期性，系统性能需要较长时间才能达到稳定，因此选择10 a内的数据均值进行对比。
针对蓄热体设计，通过敏感性分析研究在固定场地面积下（场地面积为21 300 m2，为实际储热体占地面积），埋管间距Sp、埋管深度H、河水流量Qr、循环流量Qx对各指标的影响。各参数变化范围如表4所示。
考虑到总管长变化带来的经济影响，本文使用费用年值作为经济性评价指标，计算如下：
式中：CAC为费用年值，元；i为投资基准收益率，%，取值为3%；n为系统运行时间，a，取值为10；c为系统初期投资成本，元；e为系统年运行成本，元。涉及的其余成本如下：水泵2.75万元/台、热泵75万元/台、水箱350元/m3、钻孔100元/m。
为衡量蓄存能量与取热量之间的关系，将土壤年热平衡率Δ作为供暖稳定性评价指标，计算如下：
式中：Δ为土壤年热平衡率；Qext，max为蓄热体可提供的最大取热量，J；Qloss为蓄热体散失的热量，J。
土壤年热平衡率Δ相比于系统储热效率ηBTES，考虑了热损失带来的影响，可以更直观地评估蓄热体状态。年热平衡率可作为评价跨季节储热系统适应性的指标，其值应尽量为1.0~1.2[31]。
图13所示为不同参数下的指标变化。由图13（a）可知，随着埋管间距的增大，注热量、取热量、COP、Δ均减小。这是因为在固定场地面积下，埋管间距的增大使埋管数目减小，总管长随之减小。但储热效率不断提高，这是由于取热量基本由用户端负荷决定，其变化较小，但注热量显著减少，因此虽然大间距蓄热体的储热效率更高但也面临注热量不足导致土壤热失衡的风险。费用年值随间距的增大而减小，同样是由总管长的变化决定。因此在固定场地下进行初期设计时，综合考虑经济性与蓄热体热性能对埋管间距进行优化是必要的。
由图13（b）可知，随着深度的增加，注热量、取热量、COP、Δ均增加，同样是由于总管长增加的原因。但由于钻孔径向温度梯度较大[32]，因此增加深度加大了热量损失，从而降低了储热效率。
由图13（c）可知，当Qr/Qr，ref>1后，各指标变化较小。因为河水流量是通过影响埋管进口水温产生影响，当河水流量过大，埋管进口水温将达到限值。同时蓄热体与外界的传热温差也随着进口水温的增大而增大，因此储热效率呈现减小的趋势。对比图13（c）与（d）可知，循环流量与河水流量对指标的影响效果相似，但循环流量对各指标的影响较大，这是由于循环水泵在储热、供暖季均保持运行，相比于河水泵，循环水泵工作时间更长，影响更大。
敏感度系数（sensitivity coefficient，SC）可以反映参数变化对结果的影响，计算如下：
式中：λOP为输出参数；为参考输出参数；λIP为输入参数；为参考输入参数。
各参数对指标的SC如图14所示，由图14可知，间距与深度对各指标的SC影响更大，说明蓄热体的设计因素相比于运行因素更重要，在设计时应着重考虑间距与深度的匹配优化。基于敏感性分析结果，研究了不同间距、深度下Δ、CAC、COP的变化，如图15所示。
综合考虑Δ、CAC、COP的变化后发现，埋管间距为3.5~4.5 m、埋管深度为135~165 m可作为设计取值的推荐区间。当埋管间距为4 m、埋管深度为150 m时，埋管数减至1 540根，总管长为23万m，相比于未优化前减少23%。
针对跨天蓄热设计，本文从水箱容积变化入手，研究峰谷电价下，水箱容积与负荷的最佳匹配。图16所示为不同水箱容积在峰电释热策略下对水箱水温与谷电占比等参数的影响。由图16（a）可知，随着水箱容积的增大，温度波动逐渐减小。当容积由1 000 m3增至6 000 m3时，供暖中期的温度波动由15.0 ℃减至1.3 ℃，表明水箱在谷电的储热量未能在峰电时段得到充分释放。由图16（b）可知，随着水箱体积的增大，谷电占比由45.9%升至54.0%，但释热时间基本稳定在840 h。这是因为当水箱体积逐渐增大，峰电释热基本满足了全部峰电时段的用能，但为了保证水箱温度，谷电蓄热的时间、能耗逐步增大，造成了谷电浪费。因此可考虑平电时段进行释热，尽管由于电价划分情况，平电时段负荷会优先峰电时段负荷得到满足，这可能使得在部分峰电时段仍需开启机组。
图17所示为平电时段释热后的运行情况。对比图16、图17可知，由于蓄热与释热时间的增加（蓄热时间由283~783 h增至620~968 h，释热时间由672~840 h增至1 200~1 690 h，谷电占比由45.9%~54.0%升至60.0%~75.0%，提高约38.4%。受益于机组制热功率较大，在大水箱容积下，平电与峰电负荷基本均可由水箱储热量满足，谷电得到了充分利用。
图18所示为2种释热控制下的运行年费。由图18可知，随着水箱容积的增大，峰电释热的运行年费先减少后缓慢增加，当容积为2 000 m3时达到最小值239万元；而平电释热的运行年费逐步减小，当容积为5 000 m3时，运行年费基本达到最小值214万元，此时相比于跨季节系统，运行年费减少28.7%，与优化前相比，运行年费减少11.2%。
综上所述，跨天储热系统的设计优化与电价、负荷、设备性能有关。为避免谷电浪费，水箱储热量应与释热负荷相匹配，当设备储热功率大时，可增大水箱容积，并考虑平电时段释热以充分利用谷电。
4 结论
收起
本文借助TRNSYS对跨季节/天储热工程进行了长周期模拟研究，在固定场地面积下研究了蓄热体参数对系统性能的影响，并对跨天储热进行了分析优化，得到结论如下：
1）地表水跨季节储热可以防止土壤热失衡，10 a后蓄热体温度升高3.2 ℃，储热效率提升至98%。
2）埋管间距、深度对蓄热体与整体的性能影响最大，因此工程要重视对间距、深度的优化。在固定场地面积下，蓄热体的间距与深度存在推荐区间范围，此时总管长可减少约23%。
3）跨天储热对跨季节系统影响较小，但可显著提高经济效益，通过改变水箱容积与控制策略，使谷电储热量应与释热负荷相匹配，可有效避免谷电浪费。此外当设备储热功率较高时，可增大水箱容积，并考虑平电释热以提高谷电利用率，优化后系统谷电占比提高38.4%，年运行费用减少11.2%。
4）跨季节/天储热技术可在供暖季提供稳定的低品位热源，具有较高的应用价值。未来通过城市热网大范围整合不同品位、能量热源的情况下，蓄热体设计方法与系统运行策略还有待深入研究。
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
凌浩恕, 何京东, 徐玉杰, 等. 清洁供暖储热技术现状与趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 861-868.
(LING Haoshu, HE Jingdong, XU Yujie, et al. Status and prospect of thermal energy storage technology for clean heating[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 861-868.)
[2]
姚华, 黄云, 徐敬英, 等. 我国北方地区清洁供暖技术现状与问题探讨[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35(9): 1177-1188.
(YAO Hua, HUANG Yun, XU Jingying, et al. Technology status and discussion on challenges of clean heating in northern China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020, 35(9): 1177-1188.)
[3]
聂海宁, 黄小琳, 曾智勇. 中国清洁能源供热现状及发展前景[J]. 能源与节能, 2018, 23(12): 87-89.
(NIE Haining, HUANG Xiaolin, ZENG Zhiyong. Present situation and development prospect of clean energy heating in China[J]. Energy and Energy Conservation, 2018, 23(12): 87-89.)
[4]
王沣浩, 王志华, 郑煜鑫, 等. 低温环境下空气源热泵的研究现状及展望[J]. 制冷学报, 2013, 34(5): 47-54.
(WANG Fenghao, WANG Zhihua, ZHENG Yuxin, et al. Research progress and prospect of air source heat pump in low temperature environment[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2013, 34(5): 47-54.)
[5]
GUO J J, WU J Y, WANG R Z, et al. Experimental research and operation optimization of an air-source heat pump water heater[J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88(11): 4128-4138.
[6]
JIANG Kewen, ZHANG Wei. The operation strategy of river water source heat pump cold source system in a chemical industrial park in a region with hot summers and cold winters[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2024, 319: 100483.
[7]
JUNG Y, KIM J, KIM H, et al. Comprehensive feasibility investigation of river source heat pump systems in terms of life cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 188: 116655.
[8]
李舒宏, 张小松, 杨伟华, 等. 多功能地源热泵埋管周围土壤的温度变化特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 40(5): 979-984.
(LI Shuhong, ZHANG Xiaosong, YANG Weihua, et al. Temperature variation of soil around underground heat exchangers of multi-function ground source heat pump system[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 40(5): 979-984.)
[9]
杨卫波, 陈振乾, 施明恒. 跨季节蓄能型地源热泵地下蓄能与释能特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 40(5): 973-978.
(YANG Weibo, CHEN Zhenqian, SHI Mingheng. Underground energy storage and release characteristics of ground source heat pump with seasonal energy storage[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 40(5): 973-978.)
[10]
WANG Xiaozhe, ZHANG Hao, CUI Lin, et al. Borehole thermal energy storage for building heating application: a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2024, 203: 114772.
[11]
ZHAO Xingwang, LI Yanwei, CHEN Xin, et al. Ten differences of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system from ground-source heat pump system[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2024, 325: 114994.
[12]
冯国会, 张磊, 常莎莎, 等. 严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热-地源热泵耦合系统性能研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2021, 51(增刊1): 202-206.
(FENG Guohui, ZHANG Lei, CHANG Shasha, et al. Research on the performance of solar energy seasonal thermal energy storage coupled with ground source heat pump systems in severe cold regions[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2021, 51(Suppl. 1): 202-206.)
[13]
窦子慧, 刘景霞, 李宝利. 严寒地区太阳能跨季节蓄热热泵系统研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(4): 52-58.
(DOU Zihui, LIU Jingxia, LI Baoli. Study on the solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system with seasonalheat storage in cold regions[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(4): 52-58.)
[14]
山强, 杨绪飞, 吴小华, 等. 太阳能跨季节蓄热增强土壤源热泵供暖系统建模与仿真研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(8): 1028-1037.
(SHAN Qiang, YANG Xufei, WU Xiaohua, et al. Research on modeling and simulation of ground source heat pump heating system with seasonal solar thermal energy storage enhancement[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(8): 1028-1037.)
[15]
GROSSI I, DONGELLINI M, PIAZZI A, et al. Dynamic modelling and energy performance analysis of an innovative dual-source heat pump system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142: 745-759.
[16]
JRADI M, VEJE C, JØRGENSEN B N. Performance analysis of a soil-based thermal energy storage system using solar-driven air-source heat pump for Danish buildings sector[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 114: 360-373.
[17]
张姝, 郑茂余, 王潇, 等. 严寒地区跨季节空气-U形地埋管土壤蓄热特性模拟与实验验证[J]. 暖通空调, 2012, 42(3): 97-102.
(ZHANG Shu, ZHENG Maoyu, WANG Xiao, et al. Simulation and experimental validation of soil seasonal thermal storage characteristics by air-U tube system in severe cold zone[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2012, 42(3): 97-102.)
[18]
方豪, 夏建军, 江亿. 北方采暖新模式：低品位工业余热应用于城镇集中供热[J]. 建筑科学, 2012, 28(增刊2): 11-14.
(FANG Hao, XIA Jianjun, JIANG Yi. New heating mode in North China: low-grade industrial waste heat applied to urban central heating[J]. Building Science, 2012, 28(Suppl. 2): 11-14.)
[19]
XU L, TORRENS J I, GUO F, et al. Application of large underground seasonal thermal energy storage in district heating system: a model-based energy performance assessment of a pilot system in Chifeng, China[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 137: 319-328.
[20]
WANG Guiling, WANG Wanli, LUO Jin, et al. Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 111: 392-421.
[21]
SCHMIDT T, MANGOLD D, MÜLLER-STEINHAGEN H. Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in Germany[J]. Solar Energy, 2004, 76(1-3): 165-174.
[22]
RAPANTOVA N, POSPISIL P, KOZIOREK J, et al. Optimisation of experimental operation of borehole thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181: 464-476.
[23]
LANINI S, DELALEUX F, PY X, et al. Improvement of borehole thermal energy storage design based on experimental and modelling results[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2014, 77: 393-400.
[24]
张辉, 侯宏娟, 汉京晓, 等. 跨季节地埋管储热性能模拟及分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(5): 1148-1154.
(ZHANG Hui, HOU Hongjuan, HAN Jingxiao, et al. Simulation and analysis of performance of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(5): 1148-1154.)
[25]
陈萨如拉, 常甜馨, 杨洋. 基于全局敏感性分析的跨季节埋管蓄热体热特性研究[J]. 流体机械, 2020, 48(11): 80-88.
(CHEN Sarula, CHANG Tianxin, YANG Yang. Study on thermal characteristics of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage unit based on global sensitivity analysis[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2020, 48(11): 80-88.)
[26]
GUO Fang, ZHU Xiaoyue, ZHANG Junyue, et al. Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 264: 114763.
[27]
李克锋, 郝红升, 庄春义, 等. 利用气象因子估算天然河道水温的新公式[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2006, 38(1): 1-4.
(LI Kefeng, HAO Hongsheng, ZHUANG Chunyi, et al. A new method for predicting water temperature of river by using meteorological factors[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2006, 38(1): 1-4.)
[28]
SI Pengfei, LI Angui, RONG Xiangyang, et al. New optimized model for water temperature calculation of river-water source heat pump and its application in simulation of energy consumption[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 84: 65-73.
[29]
白振营. 一个计算湖泊(水库)自然水温的新公式[J]. 水文, 1999, 19(3): 29-32.
(BAI Zhenying. A new formula for calculating the natural water temperature of lakes (reservoirs)[J]. Hydrology, 1999, 19(3): 29-32.)
[30]
王春林, 郭放, 朱永利, 等. 大规模太阳能跨季节土壤储热系统设计优化[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(4): 320-327.
(WANG Chunlin, GUO Fang, ZHU Yongli, et al. Design and optimization of large-scale seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for solar energy[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(4): 320-327.)
[31]
吕超, 郑茂余. 土壤源热泵系统土壤热平衡的评价方法研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2016, 37(3): 42-47.
(LYU Chao, ZHENG Maoyu. Research on evaluation method of soil heat balance of ground-coupled heat pump system[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2016, 37(3): 42-47.)
[32]
张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 等. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(增刊1): 295-301.
(ZHANG Siyu, YIN Yonggao, JIA Pengqi, et al. Study on seasonal thermal energy storage characteristics of double U-shaped buried pipe group[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(Suppl. 1): 295-301.)
2025年第46卷第3期
PDF下载
111
52
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001
  • 接收时间：2024-12-14
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2025-06-16
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-12-14
  • 修回日期：2024-12-31
  • 录用日期：2025-01-03
基金
作者信息
    1东南大学能源与环境学院　南京　210000
    2河北卓派新能源开发有限公司　石家庄　050000

通讯作者:

殷勇高，男，教授，东南大学能源与环境学院，13611515279，E-mail：。研究方向：溶液除湿及低品位热利用、新型热泵与空调系统节能、面向建筑碳中和的储能技术研究。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/CN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.001
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持