中国组织工程研究

间充质干细胞来源外泌体分离、鉴定技术及应用

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刘宇 ¹, , 龚森怡 ¹, , 杨丽华 ¹, , 李伟风 ¹, , 胡玉雯 ¹, , 闫钦彪 ¹, , 郭美锦 ¹,

中国组织工程研究 | 2026,30(1): 194-203

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中国组织工程研究 2026 , 30 (1) : 194 -203

间充质干细胞来源外泌体分离、鉴定技术及应用

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刘宇¹,, 龚森怡¹,, 杨丽华¹,, 李伟风¹,, 胡玉雯¹,, 闫钦彪¹,, 郭美锦¹,

作者信息

^1.东理工大学，1生物反应器工程国家重点实验室，2商学院，上海市 200237

^2.东理工大学，1生物反应器工程国家重点实验室，2商学院，上海市 200237

Isolation, identification, and application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells

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出版时间: 2026-01-08 doi: 10.12307/2025.570

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摘要

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背景：间充质干细胞外泌体因低免疫原性和靶向递送效果在细胞通讯和表观遗传调控中发挥重要作用，已在疾病的治疗中临床应用。目的：综述间充质干细胞外泌体的分离纯化、鉴定方法及应用进展，促进间充质干细胞外泌体大规模制备技术的开发与临床转化。方法：以“外泌体，间充质干细胞，分离纯化，表征，临床应用”为中文检索词，“exosome，extracellular vesicles，mesenchymal stem cells，isolation，characterization，application”为英文检索词，检索中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库于2024年9月之前发表的文献，排除与主题相关性较差、年代久远及重复的文章，最后纳入109篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：①综述了近年来外泌体分离纯化方法，根据原理的不同比较了超速离心法、超滤法、尺寸排阻色谱法、聚合物沉淀法、免疫亲和法、微流控法及其他新方法的特点；②外泌体的鉴定方法可以分为物理与生化分析，从外泌体的形状大小及特征蛋白等方面进行表征；③间充质干细胞外泌体因具有免疫调节、跨越生物屏障等能力在医疗美容、损伤修复、癌症治疗等多个领域具有广泛应用；④外泌体由于自身结构复杂、缺少通用分离技术、稳定性较差等缺点而难以在短时间内实现临床转化。

关键词

间充质干细胞 / 外泌体 / 细胞外囊泡 / 分离纯化 / 制备工艺 / 特征鉴定 / 临床应用 / 疾病治疗 / 工程化外泌体

Abstract

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BACKGROUND: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells play pivotal roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation due to their low immunogenicity and targeted delivery effects, and have been clinically applied in the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the isolation, purification, identification methods, and application progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, and to facilitate the development of large-scale preparation techniques and clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. METHODS: The Chinese search terms “exosome, mesenchymal stem cells, isolation, purification, characterization, clinical application” and the English search terms “exosome, extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cells, isolation, characterization, application” were used to search the literature published before September 2024 in CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Articles with poor relevance to the topic, outdated, or duplicated content were excluded, and finally, 109 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) This paper reviews recent methods for isolating and purifying exosomes, comparing the characteristics of ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, polymer precipitation, immunoaffinity, microfluidic methods, and other novel approaches based on their underlying principles. (2) Methods for identifying exosomes can be categorized into physical and biochemical analyses, characterizing exosomes based on their shape, size, and characteristic proteins. (3) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have broad applications in multiple fields such as medical aesthetics, wound repair, and cancer treatment, due to their immune-regulatory properties and ability to cross biological barriers. (4) The clinical translation of exosomes faces challenges due to their complex structure, lack of universal isolation techniques, and poor stability, making it difficult to achieve in a short period of time.

Key words

mesenchymal stem cell / exosome / extracellular vesicle / isolation and purification / preparation technology / characterization and identification / clinical application / disease treatment / engineered exosome

引用本文

刘宇, 龚森怡, 杨丽华, 李伟风, 胡玉雯, 闫钦彪, 郭美锦. 间充质干细胞来源外泌体分离、鉴定技术及应用. 中国组织工程研究, 2026 , 30 (1) : 194 -203 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.570

. Isolation, identification, and application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026 , 30 (1) : 194 -203 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.570

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中国科学院战略先导项目

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2026年第30卷第1期

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doi: 10.12307/2025.570

首发时间：2025-05-30
出版时间：2026-01-08

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录用日期：2024-12-27

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中国科学院战略先导项目

作者信息

^1.东理工大学，1生物反应器工程国家重点实验室，2商学院，上海市 200237

^2.东理工大学，1生物反应器工程国家重点实验室，2商学院，上海市 200237

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/10.12307/2025.570

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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