中国组织工程研究

外泌体分泌调控机制及在生物医学中的应用前景

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吕茹月 ¹, , 顾路路 ¹, , 刘茜 ¹, , 周思仪 ¹, , 李贝贝 ¹, , 薛乐天 ¹, , 孙鹏 ¹,

中国组织工程研究 | 2026,30(1): 184-193

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中国组织工程研究 2026 , 30 (1) : 184 -193

外泌体分泌调控机制及在生物医学中的应用前景

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吕茹月¹,, 顾路路¹,, 刘茜¹,, 周思仪¹,, 李贝贝¹,, 薛乐天¹,, 孙鹏¹,

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^1.中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科，湖北省武汉市 430022

^2.中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科，湖北省武汉市 430022

Regulatory mechanisms of exosome secretion and its application prospects in biomedicine

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出版时间: 2026-01-08 doi: 10.12307/2025.573

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背景：外泌体作为细胞外囊泡的一种，以纳米级尺寸和富含多种生物活性物质而成为细胞间通讯的关键媒介。外泌体分泌调控研究不仅具有重要的科学价值，而且在临床具有广泛的应用前景，对于推动医学进步和改善人类健康具有重要意义。目的：综述外泌体的生物特性、生物学功能、生物发生过程以及分泌的生化调控机制，并探讨外泌体在疾病诊断、治疗和疫苗开发等领域的应用前景，为外泌体的基础研究和临床转化提供理论依据和参考。方法：第一作者于2024年10月检索PubMed及中国知网数据库2010年1月至2024年10月发表的相关文献，以“exosomes，biological functions，biogenesis，secretion or release，regulatory mechanisms，application prospects”等为英文检索词，以“外泌体，生物学功能，生发过程，分泌释放，调控机制，应用前景”等为中文检索词，最终纳入92篇文献进行分析。结果与结论：外泌体的分泌水平可以通过物理或生化手段进行调控。外泌体在疾病诊断、治疗以及疫苗开发等领域展现出广泛的应用前景，特别是在心脑血管疾病和癌症治疗中可能发挥关键作用。此综述为外泌体的临床转化和应用研究提供了有价值的信息，有助于推动未来在外泌体研究和应用方面的进展。

关键词

外泌体 / 生物学功能 / 生发过程 / 分泌释放 / 调控机制 / 工程化外泌体

Abstract

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BACKGROUND: Exosomes, as a type of extracellular vesicle, have become a key medium for cell-to-cell communication due to their nanoscale size and enrichment of various bioactive substances. The study of exosome secretion regulation not only has important scientific value, but also has broad application prospects in clinical practice, and is of great significance for promoting medical progress and improving human health. OBJECTIVE: To review the biological characteristics, biological functions, biogenesis process and biochemical regulation mechanism of exosomes, and to explore the application prospects of exosomes in disease diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for basic research and clinical transformation of exosomes. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases in October 2024 for relevant literature published from January 2010 to October 2024. Key words were “exosomes, biological functions, biogenesis, secretion or release, regulatory mechanisms, application prospects” in Chinese and English. Finally, 92 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The secretion level of exosomes can be regulated through physical or biochemical means. Exosomes show broad application prospects in the fields of disease diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development, and may play a key role in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer. This review provides valuable information for the clinical translation and application research of exosomes, helping to promote future progress in exosome research and application.

Key words

exosome / biological function / biogenesis / secretion or release / regulatory mechanism / engineered exosome

引用本文

吕茹月, 顾路路, 刘茜, 周思仪, 李贝贝, 薛乐天, 孙鹏. 外泌体分泌调控机制及在生物医学中的应用前景. 中国组织工程研究, 2026 , 30 (1) : 184 -193 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.573

. Regulatory mechanisms of exosome secretion and its application prospects in biomedicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026 , 30 (1) : 184 -193 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.573

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国家自然科学基金面上项目

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2026年第30卷第1期

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doi: 10.12307/2025.573

首发时间：2025-05-30
出版时间：2026-01-08

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录用日期：2025-02-19

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国家自然科学基金面上项目

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^1.中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科，湖北省武汉市 430022

^2.中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科，湖北省武汉市 430022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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