Article(id=1246459852587946596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12307/2025.559, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720972800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-15, revisedDate=1730822400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-06, acceptedDate=1727193600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-25, onlineDate=1775108786960, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775108786960, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775108786960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108786960, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246459843930903036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, year='2025', volume='29', issue='36', pageStart='7701', pageEnd='7920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775108784853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108852483, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7701, endPage=7708, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246459853665882774, articleId=1246459852587946596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, language=EN, title=HOXA10 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote bone regeneration, columnId=1246459844752986623, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, columnName=Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
BACKGROUND:

Autologous or artificial bone grafts have been widely used to repair maxillofacial bone defects clinically, but these methods still suffer from insufficient osteogenesis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play a key role in the bone formation. Notably, ectoderm-derived jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have stronger proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with mesoderm-derived iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, elucidating the key mechanisms involved. It is expected to provide a new strategy for the repair of craniomaxillofacial bone defects.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the biological differences between human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and identify the key regulatory genes.

METHODS:

(1) Jaw bone and iliac bone were collected from three patients with alveolar cleft. Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured. Cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay. Cell senescence was detected by β-galactosidase staining assay. Senescence and osteogenesis-related protein expression levels were detected by western blot assay. Osteogenic ability was detected by alizarin red staining after osteogenic induction solution treatment. (2) Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to transcriptome and differential gene expression analysis to find the 20 genes with the largest differential expression and identify the key regulatory factors. (3) The gene in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were knocked down to comparatively analyze the changes in self-renewal, anti-aging and osteogenic capacity of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (4) The gene-edited iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were loaded into β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds and implant into nude mice for 8 weeks. The scaffolds were stained with Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining to observe the difference in osteogenic capacity.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have stronger proliferation, anti-aging and osteogenic differentiation abilities compared to iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (2) By transcriptome analysis, we identified HOXA10 as a highly up-regulated core transcription factor in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (3) After knocking down HOXA10 in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, we observed a significant increase in proliferation, anti-aging, and osteogenic differentiation abilities. (4) After HOXA10 knocked-down iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/β-tricalcium phosphate was implanted subcutaneously on the back of nude mice, and their bone formation ability was stronger. (5) The above results suggest that HOXA10 is a key regulatory gene that determines the proliferative, anti-aging and osteogenic differentiation abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. HOXA10 gene-modified iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be used as a potential application strategy for repairing maxillofacial bone defects.

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Xu Rongyao, PhD, Associate professor, Master's supervisor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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背景:

自体骨或人工骨移植在临床上已广泛应用于颌面骨缺损修复,但这些方法仍存在成骨效果不佳等问题。骨髓间充质干细胞在骨形成过程中发挥关键作用,其中,外胚层来源的颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞与中胚层来源的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞相比,具有更强的增殖和成骨分化能力,阐明其中的关键机制,有望为颅颌面骨缺损修复提供新策略。

目的:

比较人颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞与髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学差异,并找出其中的关键调节基因。

方法:

①收集3例牙槽突裂患者的颌骨和髂骨,分离培养出原代骨髓间充质干细胞,通过集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力,β-半乳糖苷酶染色检测细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测衰老和成骨相关蛋白表达,成骨诱导液处理后茜素红染色检测成骨能力;②对颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞和髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞进行转录组和差异基因表达分析,找到差异表达最大的20个基因,鉴定出关键调控因子;③在髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中敲低HOXA10基因,比较分析髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞自我更新、抗衰老和成骨能力变化;④将基因编辑的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞装入β-磷酸三钙支架中,并植入裸鼠背部皮下,8周后对植入物进行Masson染色和免疫荧光染色,观察成骨能力差异。

结果与结论:

①与髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞相比,颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞具有更强的增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力;②通过转录组分析,鉴定出HOXA10是髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中高度上调的核心转录因子;③在髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中敲低HOXA10后,细胞增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力显著增强;④HOXA10敲低的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞/β-磷酸三钙植入裸鼠背部皮下后,成骨形成能力更强;⑤上述结果表明,HOXA10是决定骨髓间充质干细胞增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力的关键调节基因。HOXA10基因修饰的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞移植可作为颌面骨缺损修复的潜在应用策略。

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徐荣耀,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,南京医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,江苏省南京市 210029;口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏省南京市 210029;江苏省口腔转化医学工程研究中心,江苏省南京市 210029
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作者贡献:

葛霄负责实验操作、分析数据并撰写论文;赵状状协助葛霄进行动物研究和组织学研究;郭舒瑜进行生物信息学和统计分析;徐荣耀和郭舒瑜负责构思实验、分析数据并修订论文。所有作者都阅读并批准了最终的论文。

Ge Xiao, Master candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China

葛霄,男,1999年生,汉族,江苏省南京市人,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事颌面部发育的研究。

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Ge Xiao, Master candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China

葛霄,男,1999年生,汉族,江苏省南京市人,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事颌面部发育的研究。

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Ge Xiao, Master candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China

葛霄,男,1999年生,汉族,江苏省南京市人,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事颌面部发育的研究。

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图注:图A为J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs形成的集落及计数;B为J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs的β-半乳糖苷酶染色及阳性细胞数;C为诱导成骨分化14 d后,茜素红染色及定量结果。与J-BMSCs相比,aP < 0.05。

, figureFileSmall=yjggi6tdgT3bcbdeLqNDog==, figureFileBig=HlyxkO1yGu648bAArCBtkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459866546589892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Western blot analysis of jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (J-BMSCs) and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs), figureFileSmall=21n7bwA9xABkGs7KMjkNyg==, figureFileBig=r4fM7fxu5F2kUXzt5Z3IbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459866647253194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图2, caption=颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞(J-BMSCs)和骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)的蛋白印迹分析

图注:图A为I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs中NANOG、SOX2、OCT4、P53的蛋白表达水平;B为I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs中RUNX2、骨钙素的蛋白表达水平。与J-BMSCs相比,aP < 0.05。

, figureFileSmall=21n7bwA9xABkGs7KMjkNyg==, figureFileBig=r4fM7fxu5F2kUXzt5Z3IbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459866739527888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Transcriptome analysis of jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (J-BMSCs) and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs), figureFileSmall=xmvXRaQULdizBnWIC6XQGw==, figureFileBig=AXizzp9slhKMPs41cN71gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459866848579799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图3, caption=颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞(J-BMSCs)和骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)的转录组分析

图注:图A为下调差异表达基因的KEGG通路分析;B为上调差异表达基因的KEGG通路分析;C为J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs差异表达最大的前20个基因的热图。

, figureFileSmall=xmvXRaQULdizBnWIC6XQGw==, figureFileBig=AXizzp9slhKMPs41cN71gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459866970214626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Cytological staining of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs) after knockdown of HOX10, figureFileSmall=EZw/tJQRUcRdL6eNJdKpQw==, figureFileBig=nUWK8zgWzN4fhp1Dm4cqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459867062489319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图4, caption=敲低HOX10后骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)的细胞学染色

图注:图A为si-HOXA10组和阴性对照组I-BMSCs的集落形成能力;B为si-HOXA10组和阴性对照组I-BMSCs的β-半乳糖苷酶染色及阳性细胞数;C为si-HOXA10组和阴性对照组I-BMSCs茜素红染色。与阴性对照组相比,aP < 0.05。

, figureFileSmall=EZw/tJQRUcRdL6eNJdKpQw==, figureFileBig=nUWK8zgWzN4fhp1Dm4cqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459867158958318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Western blot analysis of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs) after HOX10 knockdown, figureFileSmall=UXo8gj6eLMsGAUOjHh1IuQ==, figureFileBig=WLd95XTKh58WKLH7SGI9xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459867263815930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图5, caption=敲低HOX10后骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)的蛋白印迹分析

图注:图A为si-HOXA10组和阴性对照组I-BMSCs中NANOG、SOX2、OCT4、P53蛋白表达水平;B为si-HOXA10组和阴性对照组I-BMSCs中RUNX2、骨钙素蛋白表达水平。与阴性对照组相比,aP < 0.05,bP < 0.01。

, figureFileSmall=UXo8gj6eLMsGAUOjHh1IuQ==, figureFileBig=WLd95XTKh58WKLH7SGI9xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459867339313408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Masson staining of in vivo osteogenesis of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs) after knockdown of HOX10, figureFileSmall=/jdN7rvk5GD+WOQBck0m3g==, figureFileBig=Px45wgZrExAf5xuryXTb/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459868895400198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图6, caption=敲低HOX10后骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)在体内成骨的Masson染色

图注:图A为实验流程图;B为Masson染色的代表性低倍视野图像,显示si-HOXA10处理的I-BMSCs周围有更多的骨形成,右侧为骨体积(BV)与总体积(TV)比值的定量分析;C为部分放大的Masson染色图像显示新形成的小梁骨,并通过平均吸光度量化小梁骨。与阴性对照组相比,aP < 0.05。β-TCP:β-磷酸三钙。

, figureFileSmall=/jdN7rvk5GD+WOQBck0m3g==, figureFileBig=Px45wgZrExAf5xuryXTb/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459869033812238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Immunofluorescence staining of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (I-BMSCs) in vivo osteogenesis after knockdown of HOX10, figureFileSmall=A5bwXzBCl6RPiqgED6rl8Q==, figureFileBig=GIL8oSgV7Dn1y/WFfUnuog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459870984163605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=图7, caption=敲低HOX10后骼骨骨髓间充质干细胞(I-BMSCs)在体内成骨的免疫荧光染色

图注:图A为免疫荧光染色显示RUNX2阳性的成骨前体细胞,并计算每个视野中前成骨细胞数量;B为骨钙素(OCN)免疫荧光染色,并通过平均吸光度量化。与阴性对照组相比,aP < 0.01。

, figureFileSmall=A5bwXzBCl6RPiqgED6rl8Q==, figureFileBig=GIL8oSgV7Dn1y/WFfUnuog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871076438297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Clinical information of patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
案例编号性别年龄(岁)诊断
111双侧牙槽突裂
211双侧牙槽突裂
39右侧牙槽突裂
), ArticleFig(id=1246459871168712992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459852587946596, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

患者的临床信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
案例编号性别年龄(岁)诊断
111双侧牙槽突裂
211双侧牙槽突裂
39右侧牙槽突裂
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HOXA10基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞促进骨再生
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葛霄 1, 2, 3 , 赵状状 1, 2, 3 , 郭舒瑜 2, 3, 4 , 徐荣耀 1, 2, 3
中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025,29(36): 7701-7708
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中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025, 29(36): 7701-7708
HOXA10基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞促进骨再生
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葛霄1, 2, 3, 赵状状1, 2, 3, 郭舒瑜2, 3, 4, 徐荣耀1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1南京医科大学附属口腔医院,口腔颌面外科,江苏省南京市 210029
  • 4南京医科大学附属口腔医院,口腔正畸科,江苏省南京市 210029
  • 2口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏省南京市 210029
  • 3江苏省口腔转化医学工程研究中心,江苏省南京市 210029
  • Ge Xiao, Master candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China

    葛霄,男,1999年生,汉族,江苏省南京市人,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事颌面部发育的研究。

通讯作者:

徐荣耀,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,南京医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,江苏省南京市 210029;口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏省南京市 210029;江苏省口腔转化医学工程研究中心,江苏省南京市 210029
HOXA10 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote bone regeneration
Xiao Ge1, 2, 3, Zhuangzhuang Zhao1, 2, 3, Shuyu Guo2, 3, 4, Rongyao Xu1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 3Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 4Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.12307/2025.559
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背景:

自体骨或人工骨移植在临床上已广泛应用于颌面骨缺损修复,但这些方法仍存在成骨效果不佳等问题。骨髓间充质干细胞在骨形成过程中发挥关键作用,其中,外胚层来源的颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞与中胚层来源的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞相比,具有更强的增殖和成骨分化能力,阐明其中的关键机制,有望为颅颌面骨缺损修复提供新策略。

目的:

比较人颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞与髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学差异,并找出其中的关键调节基因。

方法:

①收集3例牙槽突裂患者的颌骨和髂骨,分离培养出原代骨髓间充质干细胞,通过集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力,β-半乳糖苷酶染色检测细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测衰老和成骨相关蛋白表达,成骨诱导液处理后茜素红染色检测成骨能力;②对颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞和髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞进行转录组和差异基因表达分析,找到差异表达最大的20个基因,鉴定出关键调控因子;③在髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中敲低HOXA10基因,比较分析髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞自我更新、抗衰老和成骨能力变化;④将基因编辑的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞装入β-磷酸三钙支架中,并植入裸鼠背部皮下,8周后对植入物进行Masson染色和免疫荧光染色,观察成骨能力差异。

结果与结论:

①与髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞相比,颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞具有更强的增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力;②通过转录组分析,鉴定出HOXA10是髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中高度上调的核心转录因子;③在髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞中敲低HOXA10后,细胞增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力显著增强;④HOXA10敲低的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞/β-磷酸三钙植入裸鼠背部皮下后,成骨形成能力更强;⑤上述结果表明,HOXA10是决定骨髓间充质干细胞增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力的关键调节基因。HOXA10基因修饰的髂骨骨髓间充质干细胞移植可作为颌面骨缺损修复的潜在应用策略。

骨髓间充质干细胞  /  颌骨  /  髂骨  /  成骨分化  /  HOXA10  /  颅颌面骨修复  /  生物支架  /  工程化干细胞
BACKGROUND:

Autologous or artificial bone grafts have been widely used to repair maxillofacial bone defects clinically, but these methods still suffer from insufficient osteogenesis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play a key role in the bone formation. Notably, ectoderm-derived jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have stronger proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with mesoderm-derived iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, elucidating the key mechanisms involved. It is expected to provide a new strategy for the repair of craniomaxillofacial bone defects.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the biological differences between human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and identify the key regulatory genes.

METHODS:

(1) Jaw bone and iliac bone were collected from three patients with alveolar cleft. Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured. Cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay. Cell senescence was detected by β-galactosidase staining assay. Senescence and osteogenesis-related protein expression levels were detected by western blot assay. Osteogenic ability was detected by alizarin red staining after osteogenic induction solution treatment. (2) Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to transcriptome and differential gene expression analysis to find the 20 genes with the largest differential expression and identify the key regulatory factors. (3) The gene in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were knocked down to comparatively analyze the changes in self-renewal, anti-aging and osteogenic capacity of iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (4) The gene-edited iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were loaded into β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds and implant into nude mice for 8 weeks. The scaffolds were stained with Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining to observe the difference in osteogenic capacity.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have stronger proliferation, anti-aging and osteogenic differentiation abilities compared to iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (2) By transcriptome analysis, we identified HOXA10 as a highly up-regulated core transcription factor in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (3) After knocking down HOXA10 in iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, we observed a significant increase in proliferation, anti-aging, and osteogenic differentiation abilities. (4) After HOXA10 knocked-down iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/β-tricalcium phosphate was implanted subcutaneously on the back of nude mice, and their bone formation ability was stronger. (5) The above results suggest that HOXA10 is a key regulatory gene that determines the proliferative, anti-aging and osteogenic differentiation abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. HOXA10 gene-modified iliac bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be used as a potential application strategy for repairing maxillofacial bone defects.

bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell  /  jaw bone  /  iliac bone  /  osteogenic differentiation  /  HOXA10  /  cranio-maxillofacial bone repair  /  biological scaffold  /  engineered stem cell
葛霄, 赵状状, 郭舒瑜, 徐荣耀. HOXA10基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞促进骨再生. 中国组织工程研究, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7701 -7708 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.559
Xiao Ge, Zhuangzhuang Zhao, Shuyu Guo, Rongyao Xu. HOXA10 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote bone regeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7701 -7708 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.559
颌面部骨缺损是临床上常见的严重疾病,通常由创伤、先天畸形、肿瘤和感染引起[1]。颌面部骨缺损患者通常表现为咀嚼功能障碍和外观异常,严重影响社交和心理健康[2]。目前,自体骨以及人工骨被广泛应用于颌面骨缺损的重建[3]。在自体骨移植中,髂骨因免疫排斥小且获取方便的优点,常用于修复颌面术中的颌骨缺损,如牙槽突裂或种植手术[4-5]。然而,髂骨移植通常表现出明显的骨吸收和成骨能力不足[6]。因此,提高髂骨移植后的成骨能力有利于实现更好的颌骨缺损治疗效果。
在胚胎发育过程中,颌骨源自外胚层的颅神经嵴,而躯干和四肢骨骼则起源于中胚层,这导致了颌骨和髂骨之间在骨结构和生物功能上存在显著差异[6-7]。来自颌骨的骨髓间充质干细胞(jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,J-BMSCs)比来源于髂骨的骨髓间充质干细胞(ilium bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,I-BMSCs)具有更强的干性表达、抗衰老能力和成骨分化潜能[8]。先前的研究表明,通过激活关键转录因子不仅可以上调骨髓间充质干细胞的干性表达和成骨能力,而且可以抑制衰老标志物的表达[9]。因此,鉴别出促进I-BMSCs干性表达、抗衰老和成骨分化潜能的关键转录因子,可能是改善髂骨成骨能力的关键。
在人体中,HOX基因是广泛编码含有同源结构域的转录因子家族,广泛参与成骨的分化过程[10-11]。人体共有39个HOX基因,分为HOXA、HOXB、HOXC和HOXD 4个家族[12-13]。在这些HOX基因中,HOXA10能够有效抑制造血干细胞的异常增殖和分化,并通过直接调节间充质细胞中的成骨基因表达来控制成骨分化[11,14]。此研究通过分析J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs在干性、抗衰老和成骨分化等生物学功能方面的差异,并鉴定出HOXA10是造成J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs特性差异的关键转录因子,为进一步通过HOXA10基因编辑的方式改善骨缺损修复效果提供新的治疗策略。
体外细胞实验和体内动物实验,多组比较采用方差分析,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。
实验于2022年12月至2024年2月在南京医科大学五台校区江苏省口腔疾病研究重点实验室(口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点)完成。
从南京医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科选择3例接受二期牙槽骨移植手术的牙槽突裂患者,临床信息见表1。颌骨取自牙槽裂区,髂骨取自髂嵴区。所有实验均经南京医科大学伦理委员会批准进行,审查编号:南医大伦审(2020)182号,参与试验的患病个体及其监护人对试验过程完全知情同意,均签署知情同意书。
正置荧光显微镜(德国,Leica);倒置光学显微镜(德国,Carl Zeiss);凝胶成像仪(中国,Tanon5800);si-HOXA10(中国,锐博公司);转染试剂(美国,赛默飞Lipofectamine 2000);0.25%水杨酸甲酯染液(美国,Sigma);β-半乳糖苷酶染色试剂盒(中国,GenMed Scientifics Inc.);维生素C(美国,Sigma);2%茜素红S染液(美国,Sigma);NANOG抗体(美国,Santa Cruz);SOX2抗体(英国,Abcam);OCT4抗体(英国,Abcam);P53抗体(美国,Proteintech);RUNX2抗体(美国,Cell Signaling Technology);骨钙素抗体(中国,Bioss);β-actin抗体(中国,Boster Biological Technology);绵羊抗兔二抗(中国,中山金桥生物技术);ECL检测试剂盒(美国,Millipore)。
SPF级无胸腺BALB/c裸鼠10只,雄性,6周龄,体质量(15±5)g,购于南京医科大学实验动物中心,许可证号:SCXK(苏)2021-0001。裸鼠饲养环境为屏蔽环境,自然昼夜条件,明暗周期12 h,温度(25±2)℃,自由饮水,湿度40%-50%。所有动物操作经南京医科大学实验动物福利伦理委员会审查,按照南京医科大学动物护理委员会的指导方针进行。实验过程遵循了国际兽医学编辑协会《关于动物伦理与福利的作者指南共识》和本地及国家法规。实验动物在麻醉下进行所有的手术,并最大限度地减少其疼痛、痛苦和死亡。
通过组织块培养法提取骨髓间充质干细胞[15]。将颌骨和髂骨样本切成直径约0.5 mm的小块,然后黏附在培养板上,约0.5 h后,用含体积分数10%胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素和100 U/mL链霉素的DMEM培养基,在37 ℃、体积分数5%CO2培养箱中培养3 d,每3 d更换1次培养基,去除非贴壁细胞。为了确保表型的一致性,在随后的实验中,均使用原代培养第3-5代骨髓间充质干细胞。
采用集落形成实验来评估骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖能力。将骨髓间充质干细胞分为2组:J-BMSCs组和I-BMSCs组,每组3个60 mm无菌培养皿,每皿接种1×103个细胞,细胞在DMEM完全培养基中培养12 d后,在40 g/L多聚甲醛中固定30-60 min,PBS洗涤1次,然后用0.25%水杨酸甲酯染液染色10-20 min,PBS洗涤细胞数次,晾干,拍照,对包含50个或更多细胞的聚集体进行计数。
使用β-半乳糖苷酶染色试剂盒,按照说明书对J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs进行β-半乳糖苷酶染色,倒置显微镜观察。
将J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs在含有50 μg/mL维生素C、10 nmol/L地塞米松和10 mmol/L β-甘油磷酸酯的成骨诱导培养基中进行培养,每3 d换液1次,培养14 d后通过茜素红染色评估骨髓间充质干细胞的矿化能力。茜素红染色步骤如下:首先将细胞在体积分数70%无水乙醇中固定30 min,然后在室温下用2%茜素红染液染色10 min,在光学显微镜下观察,钙化结节用0.5 mol/L HCl/5%十二烷基硫酸钠洗脱,然后将570 nm处的吸光度值与标准曲线比较进行定量。
将T25培养瓶中成骨分化14 d的J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs用细胞裂解液进行裂解,使用BCA试剂盒测定细胞蛋白质浓度。蛋白提取物经过10% SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,然后转移到PVDF膜上,将膜在室温下用5%脱脂奶粉封闭2 h,随后在4 ℃与不同的一抗孵育过夜。抗体及稀释浓度如下:NANOG、SOX2、OCT4、P53、RUNX2、骨钙素的稀释浓度为1∶250,β-actin的稀释浓度为1∶1 000,用绵羊抗兔二抗室温孵育1 h,使用ECL检测试剂盒在ABI系统上进行增强化学发光并可视化。使用Image J软件进行Western blot的定量分析,β-actin蛋白水平作为内参来量化相对蛋白水平。
从J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs中提取和分离总RNA,按照既往文献描述的方法构建了链特异性cDNA文库[16]。使用Illumina HiSeq2000测序仪(LC Biotech,杭州,中国)进行测序,读长为100 bp,双端读取。从原始读取数据中去除接头、低质量标签和污染物。使用TopHat 2.0.9软件对经过质量控制的序列与GENCODE Release 19中的人类基因组序列进行比对。转录本通过Cufflinks软件包进行归一化和注释[17]。使用edgeR软件包进行差异表达分析。筛选出J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs之间P < 0.05和FC≥1.5的mRNA,并确定为差异表达RNA。基于分析结果构建聚类分析和热图,京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集通路分析潜在功能。
I-BMSCs在含体积分数10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,于37 ℃、体积分数5% CO2培养箱中培养。在转染前,第3代I-BMSCs以5×104个/孔密度接种到12孔培养板中。根据Lipofectamine 2000说明,将siRNA(si-HOXA10)及其阴性对照转染到I-BMSCs中,每孔加入5 μL脂质体和5 μL siRNA(浓度为100 pmol/L,用OPTI-MEM稀释)。6 h后,将转染培养基更换为DMEM完全培养基。将转染后的si-HOXA10组及阴性对照组I-BMSCs分别按上述实验方法进行集落形成实验、β-半乳糖苷酶染色、成骨诱导后茜素红染色和蛋白印迹分析。
将β-磷酸三钙支架(上海伊普瑞生物科技有限公司,EPRUI-NTCP-02)制成直径5 mm、高4 mm大小,于无菌10%多聚赖氨酸中浸泡20 min,室温自然晾干,然后高压蒸汽消毒。取第5代经si-HOXA10及阴性对照处理的I-BMSCs,用不含血清的DMEM培养基重悬至细胞浓度为2×1010 L-1,使用1 mL注射器将100 μL细胞悬液滴入无菌β-磷酸三钙支架上,于37 ℃、体积分数5%CO2培养箱孵育4 h,使细胞与支架结合,然后加入含体积分数10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基,让支架完全浸没在上述培养基中,于37 ℃、体积分数5%CO2培养箱培养48-72 h。
BALB/c裸鼠按完全随机化方法,随机分为si-HOXA10组和空白对照组,每组5只,分别将si-HOXA10-BMSCs/β-磷酸三钙,NC-BMSCs/β-磷酸三钙支架复合物植入裸鼠背部皮下。在整个实验期间,动物均常规饮食。植入8周后,取出支架复合物进行组织学染色,用40 g/L多聚甲醛固定24-48 h,用10%乙二胺四乙酸脱钙,然后包埋在石蜡中,切成4 μm厚的切片,通过Masson染色观察小梁骨生成情况,免疫荧光染色观察成骨分化情况,分别以RUNX2阳性细胞数量及骨钙素阳性区域平均吸光度为量化指标。上述量化指标均用Image J 1.8.0软件进行分析。
J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs的增殖、抗衰老、成骨分化能力差异;I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs的转录组分析;HOXA10敲低对I-BMSCs增殖、抗衰老和成骨潜能的影响
实验所有数据均使用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行统计学处理,计量资料用表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,以P < 0.05为差异有显著性意义。文章统计学方法已经通过南京医科大学生物统计学专家审核。
集落形成实验观察到J-BMSCs比I-BMSCs具有更多的集落形成单位(图1A),表明J-BMSCs具有更强的增殖能力。β-半乳糖苷酶染色发现J-BMSCs比I-BMSCs具有更强的抗衰老能力(图1B)。此外,茜素红染色观察发现J-BMSCs比I-BMSCs形成更多的钙沉积(图1C)。
I-BMSCs中NANOG、SOX2和OCT4干性蛋白表达水平低于J-BMSCs(图2A)。然而,I-BMSCs中衰老相关蛋白P53表达水平远高于J-BMSCs(图2A)。同时,I-BMSCs中成骨相关蛋白RUNX2、骨钙素表达水平低于J-BMSCs(图2B)。综上,与I-BMSCs相比,J-BMSCs表现出更强的增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力。
对I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs进行了转录组和差异基因表达分析。在J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs之间鉴定出了15 276个差异表达基因(FDR < 0.05,FC > 1.5)。为进一步分析差异表达基因的潜在功能,采用KEGG通路分析识别这些基因的生物通路。下调差异表达基因中富集了19条通路和7种疾病,而上调差异表达基因中富集了38条通路和6种疾病(图3AB)。细胞外基质-受体相互作用通路(KEGG条目:hsa04512)在下调差异表达基因显著富集,有研究表明该通路参与调节细胞衰老[18]。还发现胰岛素分泌(KEGG条目:hsa04911)和PI3K-Akt信号通路(KEGG条目:hsa04151)也在其中富集。研究表明,由胰岛素介导的PI3K/AKT信号通路是支持人类胚胎干细胞自我更新的中心通路,该实验验证了这个结果,即J-BMSCs具有比I-BMSCs更高的增殖能力[19]。还有证据显示,PI3K-Akt通路参与抗衰老过程,也和上述实验结果相符(图1[20]。另外,其他抑制成骨分化相关的通路包括肿瘤坏死因子信号通路(KEGG条目:hsa04668)、核因子κB信号通路(KEGG条目:hsa04064)和PPAR信号通路(KEGG条目:hsa03320)。有研究表明肿瘤坏死因子α对软骨形成的抑制作用由核因子κB通路控制[21-22],而PPARγ作为脂肪生成的转录因子直接促进了脂肪生成,抑制了骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨过程[23]。为进一步探索J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs之间差异的潜在机制,选择了差异表达最大的前20个基因,鉴定出HOXA10基因作为潜在关键因子并进行后续研究(图3C)。
经过上述的转录组分析,鉴别出HOXA10基因可能在骨髓间充质干细胞差异特性中起重要作用。通过siRNA干扰技术将I-BMSCs中的HOX10基因敲低,集落形成实验显示si-HOXA10组I-BMSCs比阴性对照组形成更多的集落形成单位,表明si-HOXA10处理的I-BMSCs具有更强的增殖能力(图4A)。β-半乳糖苷酶染色显示si-HOXA10组老化细胞数量明显减少(图4B)。此外,si-HOXA10组I-BMSCs中钙结节显著增加(图4C)。
si-HOXA10组I-BMSCs的干性指标NANOG、SOX2和OCT4表达增加,衰老指标P53表达减少(图5A)。同时,在I-BMSCs中敲低HOXA10促使成骨相关指标RUNX2和骨钙素表达增加(图5B)。上述数据表明敲低HOXA10能够增强I-BMSCs的增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力。
为探索HOXA10敲低I-BMSCs的治疗潜力,将si-HOXA10或阴性对照处理的I-BMSCs滴入β-磷酸三钙支架中,体外孵育4 h后植入裸鼠背部皮肤,培养8周后,取出体内支架复合物并进行组织学分析(图6A)。Masson染色显示,si-HOXA10组支架周围观察到更多的胶原纤维(图6B)和骨小梁(图6C)。
使用免疫荧光技术检测HOXA10敲低对I-BMSCs体内成骨分化的影响,结果显示si-HOXA10组比阴性对照组有更高的RUNX2和骨钙素表达(图7AB)。
因创伤、肿瘤切除或先天畸形而导致的颌面骨缺损的重建和修复一直是临床医生面临的重大难题。尽管髂骨具有骨量充足、无排斥反应以及与颌骨类似的自然曲度和厚度等明显优势,但在移植髂骨后发现有骨形成不足的问题,这可能导致二次骨塌陷并造成面部畸形[24]。为了探索I-BMSCs移植后骨生成不足的原因,鉴别出了HOXA10是最有潜力的差异表达基因。通过下调I-BMSCs中的HOXA10表达,发现I-BMSCs的成骨分化能力在体内和体外均显著提高,因此HOXA10修饰的基因治疗有望应用于临床提高髂骨移植修复的治疗效果。
骨髓间充质干细胞的多能性、免疫调节以及释放营养因子等特性被广泛应用在许多疾病治疗中。早期研究表明,与颅颌面部位来源骨髓间充质干细胞相比,来自大鼠四肢的骨髓间充质干细胞表现出较低的成骨潜能、自噬能力、抗凋亡能力和细胞招募能力[6,25-26]。此研究发现I-BMSCs与J-BMSCs相比,增殖、抗衰老和成骨能力明显减弱,与上述研究一致。目前已确定干性基因如NANOG、SOX2和OCT4作为特定的胚胎干细胞标记物,对干细胞的自我更新和增殖调节至关重要[26]。作为肿瘤抑制蛋白,P53在应对DNA损伤中发挥着诱导细胞周期停滞作用,被认为是参与衰老过程的关键因子[27-28]。与J-BMSCs相比,I-BMSCs的NANOG、SOX2和OCT4表达水平较低,但P53表达水平较高。RUNX2和骨钙素作为成骨的关键调节因子[29-30],在I-BMSCs中显示出较低水平。以上结果说明,髂骨移植后的成骨能力下降可能源于I-BMSCs自我更新、抗衰老和成骨分化能力的不足。
转录组分析表明,I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs的基因表达确实存在显著差异。I-BMSCs与J-BMSCs相比,肿瘤坏死因子和核因子κB信号通路活性明显增强。研究表明,刺激肿瘤坏死因子信号通路显著抑制骨形态发生蛋白2诱导的成骨细胞分化,并通过促进核因子κB的磷酸化导致碱性磷酸酶活性降低[31]。KEGG分析显示,I-BMSCs中PPAR信号通路的激活,提示I-BMSCs更倾向于分化为脂肪细胞而不是成骨细胞。另外,除了HOXA10外,还发现RIMS1在I-BMSCs中的表达显著高于J-BMSCs。RIMS1作为调节突触传递的Ras超家族成员[32-33],已有报道参与调节神经功能[34],表明I-BMSCs在骨内神经调节方面可能比J-BMSCs具有更强的作用。值得注意的是,最近的病例报告还揭示了RIMS1在多发性纤维性骨发育不良中的突变[35]。然而,RIMS1是否参与骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化或多发性纤维性骨发育不良的病理过程,仍需要进一步研究以探索潜在机制。
研究表明,HOXA10介导了四肢的发育[36],并通过调控β-连环蛋白的定位和DKK1的表达抑制成骨分化[37-38]。因此,作者推测HOXA10可能是调节J-BMSCs和I-BMSCs差异特性的关键因子。通过在I-BMSCs中敲低HOXA10,观察到I-BMSCs在体外显示出了较强的增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力。此外,通过构建负载I-BMSCs的β-磷酸三钙支架,观察到在si-HOXA10-I-BMSCs/β-磷酸三钙组有更多的骨形成,表明HOXA10敲低的I-BMSCs可能有望应用于修复颌面骨缺损。
目前,基因治疗已经应用于一些临床疾病,包括骨质疏松症、骨溶解症、成骨不全症等[39]。已经发现了许多靶向骨愈合途径的基因,如骨形态发生蛋白、血小板源性生长因子、血管内皮生长因子和RUNX2[40]。与未经基因修饰的传统自体骨移植治疗颌面骨缺损相比,在I-BMSCs中敲低HOXA10表达可以减少骨吸收并提高成骨效率[41]。此外,髂骨具有容易获取和缺乏免疫排斥的特性,进一步赋予HOXA10修饰治疗在骨缺损移植中的安全性和有效性。然而,有较早的研究报告了HOXA10基因通过激活与成骨相关的基因如RUNX2、碱性磷酸酶、骨唾液蛋白和骨钙素来促进成骨细胞分化[14,42]。因此,需要进一步研究以探索HOXA10在不同胚层来源骨髓间充质干细胞中的潜在机制。
该研究的局限性主要体现在两个方面:其一,缺乏对HOXA10调控机制的探索,有关HOXA10如何调节骨髓间充质干细胞增殖、衰老和成骨分化的分子机制,有待于后续进一步研究;其二,干细胞负载支架移植体内的治疗方式,BMSCs的存活率如何尚不能明确。此外,基因编辑的治疗策略可能有致畸致瘤等风险,体内治疗的安全性仍有待进一步评估。总的来说,实验证实了HOXA10在I-BMSCs和J-BMSCs中的差异表达,抑制I-BMSCs中HOXA10表达可增强细胞增殖、抗衰老和成骨分化能力。采用敲低HOXA10以强化I-BMSCs干细胞特性来促进骨再生的治疗策略,或是重建颌面骨缺损的有效方法。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82270943)
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2025年第29卷第36期
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doi: 10.12307/2025.559
  • 接收时间:2024-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15
  • 修回日期:2024-11-06
  • 录用日期:2024-09-25
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270943)
国家自然科学基金项目(82270943)
作者信息
    1南京医科大学附属口腔医院,口腔颌面外科,江苏省南京市 210029
    4南京医科大学附属口腔医院,口腔正畸科,江苏省南京市 210029
    2口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏省南京市 210029
    3江苏省口腔转化医学工程研究中心,江苏省南京市 210029

通讯作者:

徐荣耀,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,南京医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,江苏省南京市 210029;口腔疾病研究与防治国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏省南京市 210029;江苏省口腔转化医学工程研究中心,江苏省南京市 210029
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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