Article(id=1246459849542885883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12307/2025.542, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720800000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-13, revisedDate=1725638400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-07, acceptedDate=1724428800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-24, onlineDate=1775108786235, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775108786235, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775108786235, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108786235, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246459843930903036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, year='2025', volume='29', issue='36', pageStart='7701', pageEnd='7920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775108784853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108852483, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7889, endPage=7897, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246459854248895070, articleId=1246459849542885883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, language=EN, title=Astrocytes regulate remyelination in central nervous system, columnId=1246459847353459153, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
BACKGROUND:

Remyelination in the central nervous system is a basic repair process triggered by demyelinating events, mainly through the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes. The process of remyelination is affected by many factors such as astrocytes, myelin debris, microglia, macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes, T cells, and age.

OBJECTIVE:

Astrocytes play an important role in regulating synaptic activity, nutritional support, and tissue repair in the central nervous system. This review aims to provide potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases of central nervous system by reviewing the role of astrocytes in remyelination.

METHODS:

A search was conducted on relevant literature collected from CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2014 to 2024. The search terms were “astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, remyelination” in both Chinese and English. Finally, 66 articles were included after screening and summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) The treatment of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, is limited to disease-modifying therapies, and there is no available method to overcome the failure of remyelination. Therefore, it is necessary to explore targets related to remyelination to promote myelin repair. (2) Remyelination is a process in which oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and mature into oligodendrocytes, and the latter produce myelin to wrap axons to form myelin sheath. (3) Astrocytes regulate remyelination by phagocytosis of myelin debris, participating in inflammatory response, transforming into oligodendrocyte lineage cells, providing energy supply for oligodendrocyte lineage cells, releasing neurotrophic factors, and secreting extracellular matrix components. (4) The drugs screened in this paper use astrocytes and their derived factors as intervention targets to regulate the remyelination. Some drugs have satisfactory effects, but their effectiveness and safety still need more basic research and clinical trials to verify. (5) The mechanism of action of astrocytes in remyelination has not been fully elucidated, and the related molecular targets and signaling pathways can be further studied.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Li Xinyi, Chief physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Ma Cungen, Junior professor, Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

Shui Jing and He Yu contributed equally to this article.

, authorsList=Jing Shui, Yu He, Nan Jiang, Kun Xu, Lijuan Song, Zhibin Ding, Cungen Ma, Xinyi Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246459856681591478, articleId=1246459849542885883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, language=CN, title=星形胶质细胞调节中枢神经系统的髓鞘再生, columnId=1246459847533814228, journalTitle=中国组织工程研究, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
背景:

中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。

目的:

星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。

方法:

检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:

①以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。②髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。③星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。④文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。⑤星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李新毅,主任医师,山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032;山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
马存根,二级教授,山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室,山西省晋中市 030619
, copyrightStatement=文章出版前全体作者与编辑部签署了文章版权转让协议。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=WAWho84JddmEJDIdJ/I8Ww==, magXml=zUCiAqEZ5j4mMpRHo4zfyQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cap8KzrHmzSqXp7JTe4IEA==, pdfFileSize=1583815, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=tTnLtNSz+WswR1ESiMYpIw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7zzUF/Ko3ncpPSIy/uvFIg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

并列第一作者

作者贡献:

水晶负责文章框架构建、数据检索、数据初步筛选和撰写文稿。何宇及徐坤负责文献再次检索及协助文章修改。丁智斌负责文章主题的确定及文章内容修改。宋丽娟、马存根和李新毅负责对论文审校和质量控制。

Shui Jing, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

水晶,女,1997年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

何宇,女,1999年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

He Yu, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

, authorsList=水晶, 何宇, 江楠, 徐坤, 宋丽娟, 丁智斌, 马存根, 李新毅)}, authors=[Author(id=1246459857319125741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=0009-0004-0145-954X, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459857419789043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459857319125741, language=EN, stringName=Jing Shui, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=Shui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459857520452345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459857319125741, language=CN, stringName=水晶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032, bio={"content":"

Shui Jing, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

水晶,女,1997年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

Shui Jing, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

水晶,女,1997年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)])]), Author(id=1246459857604338430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459857717584647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459857604338430, language=EN, stringName=Yu He, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459858011185941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459857604338430, language=CN, stringName=何宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032, bio={"content":"

何宇,女,1999年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

He Yu, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

何宇,女,1999年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

He Yu, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)])]), Author(id=1246459858107654944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459858233484074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459858107654944, language=EN, stringName=Nan Jiang, firstName=Nan, middleName=null, lastName=Jiang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459858355118903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459858107654944, language=CN, stringName=江楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)])]), Author(id=1246459859890234181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860016063308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459859890234181, language=EN, stringName=Kun Xu, firstName=Kun, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860120920915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459859890234181, language=CN, stringName=徐坤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459857042301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857050690263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857063273176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619)])]), Author(id=1246459860234167132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860393550699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459860234167132, language=EN, stringName=Lijuan Song, firstName=Lijuan, middleName=null, lastName=Song, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860557128561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459860234167132, language=CN, stringName=宋丽娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619
3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459857042301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857050690263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857063273176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246459857189102305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857201685220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857210073831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001)])]), Author(id=1246459860661986170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860796203912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459860661986170, language=EN, stringName=Zhibin Ding, firstName=Zhibin, middleName=null, lastName=Ding, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459860909450129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459860661986170, language=CN, stringName=丁智斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032
2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246459857042301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857050690263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857063273176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619)])]), Author(id=1246459861018502045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459861140136869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459861018502045, language=EN, stringName=Cungen Ma, firstName=Cungen, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459861228217263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459861018502045, language=CN, stringName=马存根, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459857042301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857050690263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857063273176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619)])]), Author(id=1246459861341463483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=0000-0003-4126-2894, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246459861446321095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459861341463483, language=EN, stringName=Xinyi Li, firstName=Xinyi, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246459861580538833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, authorId=1246459861341463483, language=CN, stringName=李新毅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032
3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246459857189102305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857201685220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857210073831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1246459861714756574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=astrocyte), Keyword(id=1246459861815419878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=central nervous system), Keyword(id=1246459861920277491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=oligodendrocyte precursor cell), Keyword(id=1246459862054495227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=oligodendrocyte), Keyword(id=1246459865460270079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=remyelination), Keyword(id=1246459865577709575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=myelin debris), Keyword(id=1246459865711927311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=7, keyword=neurotrophic factor), Keyword(id=1246459865841950745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=8, keyword=extracellular matrix), Keyword(id=1246459865955196962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=9, keyword=cholesterol), Keyword(id=1246459866081026088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, orderNo=10, keyword=mechanism), Keyword(id=1246459866185883691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=星形胶质细胞), Keyword(id=1246459866282352689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=中枢神经系统), Keyword(id=1246459866416570427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=少突胶质细胞前体细胞), Keyword(id=1246459866513039428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=少突胶质细胞), Keyword(id=1246459866622091334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=髓鞘再生), Keyword(id=1246459866710171726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=髓鞘碎片), Keyword(id=1246459866798252117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=神经营养因子), Keyword(id=1246459866890526810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=8, keyword=细胞外基质), Keyword(id=1246459866995384417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=9, keyword=胆固醇), Keyword(id=1246459867129602152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, orderNo=10, keyword=机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1246459874180227300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=19, issue=8, pageStart=678, pageEnd=688, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LUBETZKI C, ZALC B, WILLIAMS A, journalName=Lancet Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUBETZKI C, ZALC B, WILLIAMS A, et al. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: from basic science to clinical translation. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(8): 678-688., articleTitle=Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: from basic science to clinical translation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874276696296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=101, issue=3, pageStart=354, pageEnd=366, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=GIL M, GAMA V, journalName=J Neurosci Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIL M, GAMA V. Emerging mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte development. J Neurosci Res. 2023; 101(3): 354-366., articleTitle=Emerging mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874385748205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=8, issue=11, pageStart=1424, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=KUHN S, GRITTI L, CROOKS D, journalName=Cells, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUHN S, GRITTI L, CROOKS D, et al. Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond. Cells. 2019; 8(11): 1424., articleTitle=Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874473828595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=487, issue=7408, pageStart=443, pageEnd=448, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=LEE Y, MORRISON BM, LI Y, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE Y, MORRISON BM, LI Y, et al. Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration. Nature. 2012; 487(7408): 443-448., articleTitle=Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874591269112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=415, pageEnd=420, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=NEELY SA, WILLIAMSON JM, KLINGSEISEN A, journalName=Nat Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEELY SA, WILLIAMSON JM, KLINGSEISEN A, et al. New oligodendrocytes exhibit more abundant and accurate remyelination than those that survive demyelination. Nat Neurosci. 2022; 25(4): 415-420., articleTitle=New oligodendrocytes exhibit more abundant and accurate remyelination than those that survive demyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874679349502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=49, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LUDWIN SK, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUDWIN SK. The perineuronal satellite oligodendrocyte. A role in remyelination. Acta Neuropathol. 1979; 47(1): 49-53., articleTitle=The perineuronal satellite oligodendrocyte. A role in remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874780012804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=1162, pageEnd=1165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ARENELLA LS, HERNDON RM, journalName=Arch Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARENELLA LS, HERNDON RM. Mature oligodendrocytes. Division following experimental demyelination in adult animals. Arch Neurol. 1984; 41(11): 1162-1165., articleTitle=Mature oligodendrocytes. Division following experimental demyelination in adult animals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459874901647624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1985, volume=65, issue=3-4, pageStart=217, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ITOYAMA Y, OHNISHI A, TATEISHI J, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ITOYAMA Y, OHNISHI A, TATEISHI J, et al. Spinal cord multiple sclerosis lesions in Japanese patients: Schwann cell remyelination occurs in areas that lack glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Acta Neuropathol. 1985; 65(3-4): 217-223., articleTitle=Spinal cord multiple sclerosis lesions in Japanese patients: Schwann cell remyelination occurs in areas that lack glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875019088143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=106, issue=1, pageStart=119, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=GARD AL, PFEIFFER SE, journalName=Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARD AL, PFEIFFER SE. Oligodendrocyte progenitors isolated directly from developing telencephalon at a specific phenotypic stage: myelinogenic potential in a defined environment. Development. 1989; 106(1): 119-132., articleTitle=Oligodendrocyte progenitors isolated directly from developing telencephalon at a specific phenotypic stage: myelinogenic potential in a defined environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875165888789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=11, issue=12, pageStart=4357, pageEnd=4366, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=NAIT-OUMESMAR B, DECKER L, LACHAPELLE F, journalName=Eur J Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAIT-OUMESMAR B, DECKER L, LACHAPELLE F, et al. Progenitor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone proliferate, migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes after demyelination. Eur J Neurosci. 1999; 11(12): 4357-4366., articleTitle=Progenitor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone proliferate, migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes after demyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875283329308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=578, pageEnd=590, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ZAWADZKA M, RIVERS LE, FANCY SP, journalName=Cell Stem Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAWADZKA M, RIVERS LE, FANCY SP, et al. CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination. Cell Stem Cell. 2010; 6(6): 578-590., articleTitle=CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875409158437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=192, issue=1, pageStart=11, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=TALBOTT JF, LOY DN, LIU Y, journalName=Exp Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TALBOTT JF, LOY DN, LIU Y, et al. Endogenous Nkx2.2+/Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells fail to remyelinate the demyelinated adult rat spinal cord in the absence of astrocytes. Exp Neurol. 2005; 192(1): 11-24., articleTitle=Endogenous Nkx2.2+/Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells fail to remyelinate the demyelinated adult rat spinal cord in the absence of astrocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875514016042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=451, pageEnd=454, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=王明达, 周亮, 罗天元, journalName=神经解剖学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明达, 周亮, 罗天元, . 星形胶质细胞在髓鞘形成与修复中作用的研究进展[J]. 神经解剖学杂志, 2019, 35(4): 451-454., articleTitle=星形胶质细胞在髓鞘形成与修复中作用的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875614679343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=70, issue=7, pageStart=1215, pageEnd=1250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=SEN MK, MAHNS DA, COORSSEN JR, journalName=Glia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEN MK, MAHNS DA, COORSSEN JR, et al. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis and myelination: insights from the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. Glia. 2022; 70(7): 1215-1250., articleTitle=The roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis and myelination: insights from the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875681788212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=140, issue=4, pageStart=513, pageEnd=534, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=CIGNARELLA F, FILIPELLO F, BOLLMAN B, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CIGNARELLA F, FILIPELLO F, BOLLMAN B, et al. TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2020; 140(4): 513-534., articleTitle=TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875757285689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=AIGROT MS, BARTHELEMY C, MOYON S, journalName=EMBO Mol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AIGROT MS, BARTHELEMY C, MOYON S, et al. Genetically modified macrophages accelerate myelin repair. EMBO Mol Med. 2022; 14(8): e14759., articleTitle=Genetically modified macrophages accelerate myelin repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875862143294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=7, pageStart=1058, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=KALAFATAKIS I, KARAGOGEOS D, journalName=Biomolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KALAFATAKIS I, KARAGOGEOS D. Oligodendrocytes and microglia: key players in myelin development, damage and repair. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(7): 1058., articleTitle=Oligodendrocytes and microglia: key players in myelin development, damage and repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459875971195203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=421, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=ZHOU T, ZHENG Y, SUN L, journalName=Nat Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU T, ZHENG Y, SUN L, et al. Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury. Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22(3): 421-435., articleTitle=Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459876071858504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=20, issue=8, pageStart=1755, pageEnd=1764, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=DE LA FUENTE AG, LANGE S, SILVA ME, journalName=Cell Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE LA FUENTE AG, LANGE S, SILVA ME, et al. Pericytes stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation during CNS remyelination. Cell Rep. 2017; 20(8): 1755-1764., articleTitle=Pericytes stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation during CNS remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459876172521806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=130, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, DITTMER M, DOMBROWSKI Y, journalName=Neurochem Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, DITTMER M, DOMBROWSKI Y, et al. Regenerating CNS myelin: emerging roles of regulatory T cells and CCN proteins. Neurochem Int. 2019; 130:104349., articleTitle=Regenerating CNS myelin: emerging roles of regulatory T cells and CCN proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459876281573715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=117, issue=30, pageStart=18018, pageEnd=18028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, PENALVA R, DITTMER M, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, PENALVA R, DITTMER M, et al. Dynamic CCN3 expression in the murine CNS does not confer essential roles in myelination or remyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(30): 18018-18028., articleTitle=Dynamic CCN3 expression in the murine CNS does not confer essential roles in myelination or remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459876361265496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=WANG C, ZHANG CJ, MARTIN BN, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG C, ZHANG CJ, MARTIN BN, et al. IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. Nat Commun. 2017; 8:15508., articleTitle=IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459877896380763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=249, pageEnd=264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=DIMOVASILI C, FAIR AE, GARZA IR, journalName=Geroscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIMOVASILI C, FAIR AE, GARZA IR, et al. Aging compromises oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and efficient remyelination in the monkey brain. Geroscience. 2023; 45(1): 249-264., articleTitle=Aging compromises oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and efficient remyelination in the monkey brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878005432674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=1225, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=MA XR, ZHU X, XIAO Y, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA XR, ZHU X, XIAO Y, et al. Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 1225., articleTitle=Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878131261803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=14, pageStart=1835, pageEnd=1841, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=NEUMANN B, SEGEL M, CHALUT KJ, journalName=Mult Scler, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEUMANN B, SEGEL M, CHALUT KJ, et al. Remyelination and ageing: reversing the ravages of time. Mult Scler. 2019; 25(14): 1835-1841., articleTitle=Remyelination and ageing: reversing the ravages of time, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878257090926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=473, pageEnd=485. e478, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=NEUMANN B, BAROR R, ZHAO C, journalName=Cell Stem Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEUMANN B, BAROR R, ZHAO C, et al. Metformin restores cns remyelination capacity by rejuvenating aged stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2019; 25(4): 473-485. e478., articleTitle=Metformin restores cns remyelination capacity by rejuvenating aged stem cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878328394098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=115, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=LI X, DING Z, LIU K, journalName=Biol Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X, DING Z, LIU K, et al. Astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris and reactive characteristics in vivo and in vitro. Biol Cell. 2023; 115(12): e202300057., articleTitle=Astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris and reactive characteristics in vivo and in vitro, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878416474486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=140, issue=2, pageStart=399, pageEnd=413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=PONATH G, RAMANAN S, MUBARAK M, journalName=Brain, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PONATH G, RAMANAN S, MUBARAK M, et al. Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology. Brain. 2017; 140(2): 399-413., articleTitle=Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878521332092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=1134, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=WAN T, ZHU W, ZHAO Y, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WAN T, ZHU W, ZHAO Y, et al. Astrocytic phagocytosis contributes to demyelination after focal cortical ischemia in mice. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 1134., articleTitle=Astrocytic phagocytosis contributes to demyelination after focal cortical ischemia in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878651355525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=325, pageEnd=340, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=XU T, LIU C, DENG S, journalName=J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU T, LIU C, DENG S, et al. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in myelin phagocytosis in the central nervous system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2023; 43(3): 325-340., articleTitle=The roles of microglia and astrocytes in myelin phagocytosis in the central nervous system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878806544779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=108, issue=4, pageStart=608, pageEnd=622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LINNERBAUER M, WHEELER MA, QUINTANA FJ, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LINNERBAUER M, WHEELER MA, QUINTANA FJ. Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation. Neuron. 2020; 108(4): 608-622., articleTitle=Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878903013778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=541, issue=7638, pageStart=481, pageEnd=487, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LIDDELOW SA, GUTTENPLAN KA, CLARKE LE, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIDDELOW SA, GUTTENPLAN KA, CLARKE LE, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature. 2017; 541(7638): 481-487., articleTitle=Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459878999482775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=50, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LIU X, LI C, LI J, journalName=Mol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU X, LI C, LI J, et al. EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocytes. Mol Med. 2022; 28(1): 50., articleTitle=EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879100146078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=134, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=DING Z, DAI C, ZHONG L, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING Z, DAI C, ZHONG L, et al. Neuregulin-1 converts reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells via upregulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to repair spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 134:111168., articleTitle=Neuregulin-1 converts reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells via upregulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to repair spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879175643552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=3372, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=MOLINA-GONZALEZ I, HOLLOWAY RK, JIWAJI Z, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOLINA-GONZALEZ I, HOLLOWAY RK, JIWAJI Z, et al. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun. 2023; 14(1): 3372., articleTitle=Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879246946726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=156, issue=5, pageStart=624, pageEnd=641, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=WERKMAN IL, KöVILEIN J, DE JONGE JC, journalName=J Neurochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WERKMAN IL, KöVILEIN J, DE JONGE JC, et al. Impairing committed cholesterol biosynthesis in white matter astrocytes, but not grey matter astrocytes, enhances in vitro myelination. J Neurochem. 2021; 156(5): 624-641., articleTitle=Impairing committed cholesterol biosynthesis in white matter astrocytes, but not grey matter astrocytes, enhances in vitro myelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879335027114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=BERGHOFF SA, GERNDT N, WINCHENBACH J, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERGHOFF SA, GERNDT N, WINCHENBACH J, et al. Dietary cholesterol promotes repair of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain. Nat Commun. 2017; 8:14241., articleTitle=Dietary cholesterol promotes repair of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879431496111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=1497, pageEnd=1511, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=ZHANG Q, CHEN Z, ZHANG K, journalName=CNS Neurosci Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, CHEN Z, ZHANG K, et al. FGF/FGFR system in the central nervous system demyelinating disease: recent progress and implications for multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023; 29(6): 1497-1511., articleTitle=FGF/FGFR system in the central nervous system demyelinating disease: recent progress and implications for multiple sclerosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879548936627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=636, issue=null, pageStart=170, pageEnd=177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=JI-WEI S, ZI-YING L, XIANG T, journalName=Biochem Biophys Res Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI-WEI S, ZI-YING L, XIANG T, et al. CNTF induces Clcf1 in astrocytes to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022; 636(Pt 1): 170-177., articleTitle=CNTF induces Clcf1 in astrocytes to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879695737273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=32, pageStart=7088, pageEnd=7099, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=FLETCHER JL, WOOD RJ, NGUYEN J, journalName=J Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FLETCHER JL, WOOD RJ, NGUYEN J, et al. Targeting TrkB with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic promotes myelin repair in the brain. J Neurosci. 2018; 38(32): 7088-7099., articleTitle=Targeting TrkB with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic promotes myelin repair in the brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879808983486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=596, pageEnd=607, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=RAWJI KS, GONZALEZ MARTINEZ GA, SHARMA A, journalName=Trends Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAWJI KS, GONZALEZ MARTINEZ GA, SHARMA A, et al. The role of astrocytes in remyelination. Trends Neurosci. 2020; 43(8): 596-607., articleTitle=The role of astrocytes in remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459879897063876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=10.1002/glia.24596, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=SEILER S, RUDOLF F, GOMES FR, journalName=Glia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEILER S, RUDOLF F, GOMES FR, et al. Astrocyte-derived factors regulate CNS myelination. Glia. 2024., articleTitle=Astrocyte-derived factors regulate CNS myelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880014504391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=111, issue=2, pageStart=190, pageEnd=201.e198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=SU Y, WANG X, YANG Y, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU Y, WANG X, YANG Y, et al. Astrocyte endfoot formation controls the termination of oligodendrocyte precursor cell perivascular migration during development. Neuron. 2023; 111(2): 190-201.e198., articleTitle=Astrocyte endfoot formation controls the termination of oligodendrocyte precursor cell perivascular migration during development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880077418954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=BINAMé F, PHAM-VAN LD, SPENLé C, journalName=EMBO Mol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BINAMé F, PHAM-VAN LD, SPENLé C, et al. Disruption of Sema3A/Plexin-A1 inhibitory signalling in oligodendrocytes as a therapeutic strategy to promote remyelination. EMBO Mol Med. 2019; 11(11): e10378., articleTitle=Disruption of Sema3A/Plexin-A1 inhibitory signalling in oligodendrocytes as a therapeutic strategy to promote remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880161305040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=81, issue=3, pageStart=588, pageEnd=602, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=HAMMOND TR, GADEA A, DUPREE J, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAMMOND TR, GADEA A, DUPREE J, et al. Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation. Neuron. 2014; 81(3): 588-602., articleTitle=Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880236802516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=13, issue=10, pageStart=2090, pageEnd=2097, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=HAMMOND TR, MCELLIN B, MORTON PD, journalName=Cell Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAMMOND TR, MCELLIN B, MORTON PD, et al. Endothelin-B receptor activation in astrocytes regulates the rate of oligodendrocyte regeneration during remyelination. Cell Rep. 2015; 13(10): 2090-2097., articleTitle=Endothelin-B receptor activation in astrocytes regulates the rate of oligodendrocyte regeneration during remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880299717080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=144, issue=7, pageStart=1958, pageEnd=1973, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=GHORBANI S, YONG VW, journalName=Brain, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GHORBANI S, YONG VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2021; 144(7): 1958-1973., articleTitle=The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880408768987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=522, issue=7555, pageStart=216, pageEnd=220, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=NAJM FJ, MADHAVAN M, ZAREMBA A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAJM FJ, MADHAVAN M, ZAREMBA A, et al. Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo. Nature. 2015; 522(7555): 216-220., articleTitle=Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880534598110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=488, pageEnd=502, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=HE Y, AN J, YIN JJ, journalName=Neurotherapeutics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y, AN J, YIN JJ, et al. Ethyl pyruvate-derived transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendrogenesis in cuprizone-induced demyelinating model. Neurotherapeutics. 2021; 18(1): 488-502., articleTitle=Ethyl pyruvate-derived transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendrogenesis in cuprizone-induced demyelinating model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880626872801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=43, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=ZHENG J, LU J, MEI S, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG J, LU J, MEI S, et al. Ceria nanoparticles ameliorate white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage: microglia-astrocyte involvement in remyelination. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 43., articleTitle=Ceria nanoparticles ameliorate white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage: microglia-astrocyte involvement in remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880714953190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=124, issue=3, pageStart=411, pageEnd=424, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=BRÜCK W, PFÖRTNER R, PHAM T, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRÜCK W, PFÖRTNER R, PHAM T, et al. Reduced astrocytic NF-κB activation by laquinimod protects from cuprizone-induced demyelination. Acta Neuropathol. 2012; 124(3): 411-424., articleTitle=Reduced astrocytic NF-κB activation by laquinimod protects from cuprizone-induced demyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880807227885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=6, pageStart=1201, pageEnd=1212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=LI T, NIU J, YU G, journalName=Glia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI T, NIU J, YU G, et al. Connexin 43 deletion in astrocytes promotes CNS remyelination by modulating local inflammation. Glia. 2020; 68(6): 1201-1212., articleTitle=Connexin 43 deletion in astrocytes promotes CNS remyelination by modulating local inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459880928862702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=17, pageStart=3332, pageEnd=3347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=ZAMORA NN, CHELI VT, SANTIAGO GONZÁLEZ DA, journalName=J Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAMORA NN, CHELI VT, SANTIAGO GONZÁLEZ DA, et al. Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes during demyelination reduces brain inflammation and promotes myelin regeneration in mice. J Neurosci. 2020; 40(17): 3332-3347., articleTitle=Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes during demyelination reduces brain inflammation and promotes myelin regeneration in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882459783664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=101, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=MENG-RU Z, RUO-XUAN S, MING-YANG Y, journalName=Int Immunopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG-RU Z, RUO-XUAN S, MING-YANG Y, et al. Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 101(Pt A): 108181., articleTitle=Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882547864049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=6, pageStart=1565, pageEnd=1597, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=WANG TJ, WU ZY, YANG CH, journalName=Am J Chin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG TJ, WU ZY, YANG CH, et al. Multiple mechanistic models reveal the neuroprotective effects of diterpene ginkgolides against astrocyte-mediated demyelination via the PAF-PAFR pathway. Am J Chin Med. 2022; 50(6): 1565-1597., articleTitle=Multiple mechanistic models reveal the neuroprotective effects of diterpene ginkgolides against astrocyte-mediated demyelination via the PAF-PAFR pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882648527348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=LI QY, MIAO Q, SUI RX, journalName=Int Immunopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI QY, MIAO Q, SUI RX, et al. Ginkgolide K supports remyelination via induction of astrocytic IGF/PI3K/Nrf2 axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019; 75:105819., articleTitle=Ginkgolide K supports remyelination via induction of astrocytic IGF/PI3K/Nrf2 axis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882715636214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=263, pageEnd=272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=FARHANGI S, DEHGHAN S, TOTONCHI M, journalName=Mult Scler Relat Disord, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FARHANGI S, DEHGHAN S, TOTONCHI M, et al. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in adult mice demyelinated brains by Sox2. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 28:263-272., articleTitle=In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in adult mice demyelinated brains by Sox2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882782745081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=13, issue=7, pageStart=803, pageEnd=819, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, JAVAN M, journalName=Regen Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, JAVAN M. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells using chemicals: targeting gliosis for myelin repair. Regen Med. 2018; 13(7): 803-819., articleTitle=In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells using chemicals: targeting gliosis for myelin repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882854048252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=e462, pageEnd=e472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=GHASEMI-KASMAN M, ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, journalName=J Tissue Eng Regen Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GHASEMI-KASMAN M, ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, et al. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to myelinating cells by miR-302/367 and valproate to enhance myelin repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018; 12(1): e462-e472., articleTitle=In vivo conversion of astrocytes to myelinating cells by miR-302/367 and valproate to enhance myelin repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459882933740030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=83, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=SILVA OLIVEIRA JUNIOR M, SCHIRA-HEINEN J, REICHE L, journalName=EBioMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SILVA OLIVEIRA JUNIOR M, SCHIRA-HEINEN J, REICHE L, et al. Myelin repair is fostered by the corticosteroid medrysone specifically acting on astroglial subpopulations. EBioMedicine. 2022; 83:104204., articleTitle=Myelin repair is fostered by the corticosteroid medrysone specifically acting on astroglial subpopulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883005043201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=KEOUGH MB, ROGERS JA, ZHANG P, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEOUGH MB, ROGERS JA, ZHANG P, et al. An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination. Nat Commun. 2016; 7:11312., articleTitle=An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883076346368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=22, issue=8, pageStart=1269, pageEnd=1275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=ROSENZWEIG ES, SALEGIO EA, LIANG JJ, journalName=Nat Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROSENZWEIG ES, SALEGIO EA, LIANG JJ, et al. Chondroitinase improves anatomical and functional outcomes after primate spinal cord injury. Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22(8): 1269-1275., articleTitle=Chondroitinase improves anatomical and functional outcomes after primate spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883177009667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=6, pageStart=1255, pageEnd=1273, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=FELIU A, MESTRE L, CARRILLO-SALINAS FJ, journalName=Glia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FELIU A, MESTRE L, CARRILLO-SALINAS FJ, et al. 2-arachidonoylglycerol reduces chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan production by astrocytes and enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation under inhibitory conditions. Glia. 2020; 68(6): 1255-1273., articleTitle=2-arachidonoylglycerol reduces chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan production by astrocytes and enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation under inhibitory conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883252507141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=133, issue=13, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=KERKERING J, MUINJONOV B, ROSIEWICZ KS, journalName=J Clin Invest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KERKERING J, MUINJONOV B, ROSIEWICZ KS, et al. iPSC-derived reactive astrocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis protect cocultured neurons in inflammatory conditions. J Clin Invest. 2023; 133(13): e164637., articleTitle=iPSC-derived reactive astrocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis protect cocultured neurons in inflammatory conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883328004614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=208, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=CARNERO CONTENTTI E, CORREALE J, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CARNERO CONTENTTI E, CORREALE J. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 208., articleTitle=Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246459883411890694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=181, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=ISHIKURA T, KINOSHITA M, SHIMIZU M, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISHIKURA T, KINOSHITA M, SHIMIZU M, et al. Anti-AQP4 autoantibodies promote ATP release from astrocytes and induce mechanical pain in rats. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 181., articleTitle=Anti-AQP4 autoantibodies promote ATP release from astrocytes and induce mechanical pain in rats, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246459873542693057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=82301579, language=EN, fundingSource=Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301579), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246459873609801926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=82301579, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82301579), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246459873706270924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=2021RC033, language=EN, fundingSource=Talent Introduction Program of Scientific Research Foundation of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University(2021RC033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246459873798545615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=2021RC033, language=CN, fundingSource=山西医科大学第三医院人才引进科研启动金项目(2021RC033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246459873915986135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=202204051001028, language=EN, fundingSource=Grant of Innovative Young Talent Team of Shanxi Science and Technology in 2022(202204051001028), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246459874016649434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, awardId=202204051001028, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年山西省科技创新青年人才团队(202204051001028), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246459856920666829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856929055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459856933249744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459856920666829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246459857042301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857050690263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857063273176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857042301654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246459857189102305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857201685220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246459857210073831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, companyId=1246459857189102305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246459867259625583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PpXf4Xga+IcaF3TkRNYMTw==, figureFileBig=tTnLtNSz+WswR1ESiMYpIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459867356094583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PubMed数据库检索策略图, figureFileSmall=PpXf4Xga+IcaF3TkRNYMTw==, figureFileBig=tTnLtNSz+WswR1ESiMYpIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459870921252999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QQo8SzAjBBQklgC282DGmQ==, figureFileBig=bJeP0HdmWEN7PgWOinoIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871030304911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=图2, caption=文献筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=QQo8SzAjBBQklgC282DGmQ==, figureFileBig=bJeP0HdmWEN7PgWOinoIOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871130968211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b2Y+AfBD9EjBE4wNvobr3g==, figureFileBig=Jyy6mIjTbK/8veaK5FxCXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871260991640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=图3, caption=星形胶质细胞对髓鞘再生的作用机制图

图注:OPCs为少突胶质细胞前体细胞;OLs为少突胶质细胞;PDGF-AA为血小板衍生生长因子AA;FGF2为成纤维细胞生长因子2;NGF为神经生长因子;CNTF为睫状神经营养因子;BDNF为脑源性神经营养因子;LIF为白血病抑制因子;IGF-1为胰岛素样生长因子1;TIMP-1为金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1;CSPG为硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖;TNF-α为肿瘤坏死因子α;IL-1β为白细胞介素1β;IL-6为白细胞介素6;LRP1为低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1;CXCL10为趋化因子C-X-C配体10。

, figureFileSmall=b2Y+AfBD9EjBE4wNvobr3g==, figureFileBig=Jyy6mIjTbK/8veaK5FxCXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871403597981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者发表年份研究对象研究方法主要结论
LUDWIN[6]1979小鼠体积分数0.6%铜酮饮食喂养8周诱导小鼠中枢神经系统脱髓鞘,随后恢复正常饮食,允许髓鞘再生6周,每隔1周提取小鼠脑组织固定切片神经元周围卫星少突胶质细胞具有再髓鞘化中枢神经系统轴突的能力
ARENELLA等[7]1984小鼠将溶血卵磷脂注射到小鼠脊髓中诱导脱髓鞘,随后出现新的少突胶质细胞的产生和髓鞘再生,通过使用氚化胸苷的脉冲标记证明再生的少突胶质细胞的来源新的少突胶质细胞的形成可以通过预先存在的少突胶质细胞分裂来实现。这是首次证明成熟的少突胶质细胞能够在老年动物中分裂
ITOYAMA等[8]1985多发性硬化患者为了早期观察多发性硬化病变中施万细胞髓鞘再生,用抗血清对多发性硬化患者的脊髓切片进行了免疫染色缺乏星形胶质细胞可能会促进施万细胞增殖、髓鞘化轴突,促进髓鞘再生
GARD等[9]1989大鼠从出生后大鼠端脑的正常生发环境中分离出O4+GalC-的少突胶质细胞前体细胞群,观察其分化过程O4+GalC-少突胶质细胞前体细胞在培养物中展示了极大的髓鞘再生潜力,可能是少突胶质细胞的来源
NAIF-OUMESMAR等[10]1999小鼠在溶血卵磷脂诱导的胼胝体脱髓鞘后,追踪脑室下区和吻侧迁移流3H-胸苷标记的细胞,显示它们向病变迁移并分化为少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞除了中枢神经系统的静止少突胶质细胞前体细胞的常驻群体外,来自脑室下区的神经前体细胞构成了髓鞘再生的少突胶质细胞的来源
ZAWADZKA等[11]2010小鼠在转基因小鼠使用命运定位通过免疫组化技术分析病变时间不同的转基因小鼠组织切片上相关标志物的表达表达PDGFRα的少突胶质细胞前体细胞是小鼠脊髓中髓鞘再生少突胶质细胞的主要来源
), ArticleFig(id=1246459871504261283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中枢神经系统髓鞘再生细胞来源的时间脉络表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者发表年份研究对象研究方法主要结论
LUDWIN[6]1979小鼠体积分数0.6%铜酮饮食喂养8周诱导小鼠中枢神经系统脱髓鞘,随后恢复正常饮食,允许髓鞘再生6周,每隔1周提取小鼠脑组织固定切片神经元周围卫星少突胶质细胞具有再髓鞘化中枢神经系统轴突的能力
ARENELLA等[7]1984小鼠将溶血卵磷脂注射到小鼠脊髓中诱导脱髓鞘,随后出现新的少突胶质细胞的产生和髓鞘再生,通过使用氚化胸苷的脉冲标记证明再生的少突胶质细胞的来源新的少突胶质细胞的形成可以通过预先存在的少突胶质细胞分裂来实现。这是首次证明成熟的少突胶质细胞能够在老年动物中分裂
ITOYAMA等[8]1985多发性硬化患者为了早期观察多发性硬化病变中施万细胞髓鞘再生,用抗血清对多发性硬化患者的脊髓切片进行了免疫染色缺乏星形胶质细胞可能会促进施万细胞增殖、髓鞘化轴突,促进髓鞘再生
GARD等[9]1989大鼠从出生后大鼠端脑的正常生发环境中分离出O4+GalC-的少突胶质细胞前体细胞群,观察其分化过程O4+GalC-少突胶质细胞前体细胞在培养物中展示了极大的髓鞘再生潜力,可能是少突胶质细胞的来源
NAIF-OUMESMAR等[10]1999小鼠在溶血卵磷脂诱导的胼胝体脱髓鞘后,追踪脑室下区和吻侧迁移流3H-胸苷标记的细胞,显示它们向病变迁移并分化为少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞除了中枢神经系统的静止少突胶质细胞前体细胞的常驻群体外,来自脑室下区的神经前体细胞构成了髓鞘再生的少突胶质细胞的来源
ZAWADZKA等[11]2010小鼠在转基因小鼠使用命运定位通过免疫组化技术分析病变时间不同的转基因小鼠组织切片上相关标志物的表达表达PDGFRα的少突胶质细胞前体细胞是小鼠脊髓中髓鞘再生少突胶质细胞的主要来源
), ArticleFig(id=1246459871663644843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素髓鞘再生的内在机制
髓鞘碎片[14]髓鞘碎片可导致血小板衍生生长因子受体α和胰岛素样生长因子1信号减少并刺激干扰素γ分泌,损害少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集,抑制髓鞘再生
小胶质细胞/浸润性巨噬细胞[15-16]表达髓样细胞触发受体2,髓样细胞2触发受体的激活可促进髓鞘碎片的清除;表达信号素3F刺激少突胶质细胞前体细胞迁移;促进炎症反应,加剧髓鞘损伤;分泌抗炎因子促进神经保护
微血管内皮细胞[18]识别被免疫球蛋白G调理化的髓鞘碎片,通过自噬途径清除髓鞘碎片,诱导炎症及纤维化瘢痕形成
周细胞[19]衍生的层粘连蛋白亚基α2可通过诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化,促进髓鞘再生
调节性T细胞[20]产生细胞通讯网络因子3促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化和髓鞘形成
辅助性T细胞17[22]分泌白细胞介素17诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞中NOTCH-1信号通路激活,阻碍少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化
年龄[23]随着年龄增长,少突胶质细胞前体细胞所处的组织微环境僵硬度逐渐增加、调节少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化的转录因子同源结构域蛋白NK2同源盒2降低、少突胶质细胞前体细胞对促分化信号的反应性下降
), ArticleFig(id=1246459871726559409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

髓鞘再生的影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素髓鞘再生的内在机制
髓鞘碎片[14]髓鞘碎片可导致血小板衍生生长因子受体α和胰岛素样生长因子1信号减少并刺激干扰素γ分泌,损害少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集,抑制髓鞘再生
小胶质细胞/浸润性巨噬细胞[15-16]表达髓样细胞触发受体2,髓样细胞2触发受体的激活可促进髓鞘碎片的清除;表达信号素3F刺激少突胶质细胞前体细胞迁移;促进炎症反应,加剧髓鞘损伤;分泌抗炎因子促进神经保护
微血管内皮细胞[18]识别被免疫球蛋白G调理化的髓鞘碎片,通过自噬途径清除髓鞘碎片,诱导炎症及纤维化瘢痕形成
周细胞[19]衍生的层粘连蛋白亚基α2可通过诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化,促进髓鞘再生
调节性T细胞[20]产生细胞通讯网络因子3促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化和髓鞘形成
辅助性T细胞17[22]分泌白细胞介素17诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞中NOTCH-1信号通路激活,阻碍少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化
年龄[23]随着年龄增长,少突胶质细胞前体细胞所处的组织微环境僵硬度逐渐增加、调节少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化的转录因子同源结构域蛋白NK2同源盒2降低、少突胶质细胞前体细胞对促分化信号的反应性下降
), ArticleFig(id=1246459871814639799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分类药物内在机制结果
介导星形胶质细胞吞噬功能丙酮酸乙酯[49]可促进星形胶质细胞对髓鞘碎片的吞噬作用促进髓鞘再生
铈纳米颗粒[50]星形胶质细胞通过“C3-小胶质细胞C3aR轴”抑制小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片,铈纳米颗粒抑制该过程
抑制反应性星形胶质细胞参与的炎性环境拉奎尼莫德[51]抑制星形胶质细胞核转录因子κB/p65活化
博尔丁[52]星形胶质细胞连接蛋白43促进局部炎症,博尔丁抑制连接蛋白43半通道活性抑制炎症
尼莫地平[53]阻滞星形胶质细胞电压门控钙通道,减少炎性细胞因子的分泌
淫羊藿总黄酮[54]拮抗星形胶质细胞中血小板活化因子受体,抑制血小板活化因子诱导的炎症反应
银杏内酯B、银杏内酯K[55]
银杏内酯K[56]触发星形胶质细胞中Nrf2/HO-1的上调和p-NF-κB/p65的抑制,诱导IGF/PI3K
诱导星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞曲古抑素A[58]诱导少突胶质细胞谱系细胞相关标志物的表达,促进星形胶质细胞向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转化
5-氮杂胞苷[58]
miR-302/367联用丙戊酸[59]
调节星形胶质细胞衍生因子皮质类固醇美德松[60]调节星形胶质细胞极化和营养因子表达
氟胺[61]降低星形胶质细胞硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的合成
软骨素酶ABC[62]
2-花生四烯酰甘油[63]
), ArticleFig(id=1246459873412669628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459849542885883, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

作用于星形胶质细胞促进髓鞘再生的药物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分类药物内在机制结果
介导星形胶质细胞吞噬功能丙酮酸乙酯[49]可促进星形胶质细胞对髓鞘碎片的吞噬作用促进髓鞘再生
铈纳米颗粒[50]星形胶质细胞通过“C3-小胶质细胞C3aR轴”抑制小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片,铈纳米颗粒抑制该过程
抑制反应性星形胶质细胞参与的炎性环境拉奎尼莫德[51]抑制星形胶质细胞核转录因子κB/p65活化
博尔丁[52]星形胶质细胞连接蛋白43促进局部炎症,博尔丁抑制连接蛋白43半通道活性抑制炎症
尼莫地平[53]阻滞星形胶质细胞电压门控钙通道,减少炎性细胞因子的分泌
淫羊藿总黄酮[54]拮抗星形胶质细胞中血小板活化因子受体,抑制血小板活化因子诱导的炎症反应
银杏内酯B、银杏内酯K[55]
银杏内酯K[56]触发星形胶质细胞中Nrf2/HO-1的上调和p-NF-κB/p65的抑制,诱导IGF/PI3K
诱导星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞曲古抑素A[58]诱导少突胶质细胞谱系细胞相关标志物的表达,促进星形胶质细胞向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转化
5-氮杂胞苷[58]
miR-302/367联用丙戊酸[59]
调节星形胶质细胞衍生因子皮质类固醇美德松[60]调节星形胶质细胞极化和营养因子表达
氟胺[61]降低星形胶质细胞硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的合成
软骨素酶ABC[62]
2-花生四烯酰甘油[63]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1246415294369935424, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国组织工程研究, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-4344, eissn=null, cn=21-1581/R, coden=null, periodic=4, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Z8GUGTZyRoc+cZI9v+UXIQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1775098163455, updatedTime=1775099484685, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Z8GUGTZyRoc+cZI9v+UXIQ==, picEn=sS3E3RhpIvw/+mCxJnlQjw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1246420836094206054, language=CN, name=中国组织工程研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1775099484704, updatedTime=1775099484704, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgzzgcauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgzzgceditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgzzgcauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1246420836152926311, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1775099484718, updatedTime=1775099484718, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgzzgcauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgzzgceditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgzzgcauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1246415837536497731, websiteList=[Website(id=1246421196720460703, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1246415837536497731, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1775099570684, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1775100523356, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国组织工程研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国组织工程研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246425325081613254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775100554962, updateTime=1775100554962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325052253123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775100554955, updateTime=1775100554955, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325110973385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100554969, updateTime=1775100554969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325043864514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=3HSzTUf/nj4CbNAHtU7s5g==, createTime=1775100554953, updateTime=1775100554953, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325123556299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100554972, updateTime=1775100554972, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325073224645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775100554960, updateTime=1775100554960, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325115167690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100554970, updateTime=1775100554970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325064836036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1775100554958, updateTime=1775100554958, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325094196167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775100554965, updateTime=1775100554965, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425325102584776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196720460703, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775100554967, updateTime=1775100554967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246421196875649954, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1246415837536497731, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1775099570721, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1775100518855, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国组织工程研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246425360989053080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775100563523, updateTime=1775100563523, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425360968081557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775100563518, updateTime=1775100563518, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425361014218907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100563529, updateTime=1775100563529, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425360955498644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=3HSzTUf/nj4CbNAHtU7s5g==, createTime=1775100563515, updateTime=1775100563515, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425361030996125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100563533, updateTime=1775100563533, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425360984858775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1775100563522, updateTime=1775100563522, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425361018413212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775100563530, updateTime=1775100563530, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425360976470166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1775100563520, updateTime=1775100563520, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425360997441689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775100563525, updateTime=1775100563525, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246425361005830298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246421196875649954, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775100563527, updateTime=1775100563527, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国组织工程研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.cjter.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, journalPhotoCn=Z8GUGTZyRoc+cZI9v+UXIQ==, journalPhotoEn=sS3E3RhpIvw/+mCxJnlQjw==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/10.12307/2025.542, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/EN/10.12307/2025.542, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/PDF/10.12307/2025.542, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/EN/PDF/10.12307/2025.542, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
星形胶质细胞调节中枢神经系统的髓鞘再生
收藏切换
PDF下载
水晶 1 , 何宇 1 , 江楠 1 , 徐坤 2 , 宋丽娟 2, 3 , 丁智斌 1, 2 , 马存根 2 , 李新毅 1, 3
中国组织工程研究 | 综述 2025,29(36): 7889-7897
收起
收藏切换
中国组织工程研究 | 综述 2025, 29(36): 7889-7897
星形胶质细胞调节中枢神经系统的髓鞘再生
全屏
水晶1, 何宇1, 江楠1, 徐坤2, 宋丽娟2, 3, 丁智斌1, 2, 马存根2, 李新毅1, 3
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032
  • 2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619
  • 3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
  • Shui Jing, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

    水晶,女,1997年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

    何宇,女,1999年生,山西省人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事胶质细胞与髓鞘再生研究。

    He Yu, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China

通讯作者:

李新毅,主任医师,山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032;山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
马存根,二级教授,山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室,山西省晋中市 030619
Astrocytes regulate remyelination in central nervous system
Jing Shui1, Yu He1, Nan Jiang1, Kun Xu2, Lijuan Song2, 3, Zhibin Ding1, 2, Cungen Ma2, Xinyi Li1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • 2Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy, First Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.12307/2025.542
文章导航
收藏切换
背景:

中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。

目的:

星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。

方法:

检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:

①以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。②髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。③星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。④文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。⑤星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。

星形胶质细胞  /  中枢神经系统  /  少突胶质细胞前体细胞  /  少突胶质细胞  /  髓鞘再生  /  髓鞘碎片  /  神经营养因子  /  细胞外基质  /  胆固醇  /  机制
BACKGROUND:

Remyelination in the central nervous system is a basic repair process triggered by demyelinating events, mainly through the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes. The process of remyelination is affected by many factors such as astrocytes, myelin debris, microglia, macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes, T cells, and age.

OBJECTIVE:

Astrocytes play an important role in regulating synaptic activity, nutritional support, and tissue repair in the central nervous system. This review aims to provide potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases of central nervous system by reviewing the role of astrocytes in remyelination.

METHODS:

A search was conducted on relevant literature collected from CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2014 to 2024. The search terms were “astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, remyelination” in both Chinese and English. Finally, 66 articles were included after screening and summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) The treatment of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, is limited to disease-modifying therapies, and there is no available method to overcome the failure of remyelination. Therefore, it is necessary to explore targets related to remyelination to promote myelin repair. (2) Remyelination is a process in which oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and mature into oligodendrocytes, and the latter produce myelin to wrap axons to form myelin sheath. (3) Astrocytes regulate remyelination by phagocytosis of myelin debris, participating in inflammatory response, transforming into oligodendrocyte lineage cells, providing energy supply for oligodendrocyte lineage cells, releasing neurotrophic factors, and secreting extracellular matrix components. (4) The drugs screened in this paper use astrocytes and their derived factors as intervention targets to regulate the remyelination. Some drugs have satisfactory effects, but their effectiveness and safety still need more basic research and clinical trials to verify. (5) The mechanism of action of astrocytes in remyelination has not been fully elucidated, and the related molecular targets and signaling pathways can be further studied.

astrocyte  /  central nervous system  /  oligodendrocyte precursor cell  /  oligodendrocyte  /  remyelination  /  myelin debris  /  neurotrophic factor  /  extracellular matrix  /  cholesterol  /  mechanism
水晶, 何宇, 江楠, 徐坤, 宋丽娟, 丁智斌, 马存根, 李新毅. 星形胶质细胞调节中枢神经系统的髓鞘再生. 中国组织工程研究, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7889 -7897 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.542
Jing Shui, Yu He, Nan Jiang, Kun Xu, Lijuan Song, Zhibin Ding, Cungen Ma, Xinyi Li. Astrocytes regulate remyelination in central nervous system[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7889 -7897 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.542
多发性硬化是一种由自身免疫引发的中枢神经系统炎性、脱髓鞘和神经退行性疾病。目前,免疫修饰疗法可有效降低多发性硬化的疾病活动度,然而,由髓鞘脱失和轴突损伤导致的残疾进展尚无有效治疗方法。因此,增强髓鞘再生来促进神经保护、恢复神经传导可能是对抗神经退行性变的潜在治疗策略[1]。近年来研究表明,髓鞘再生的细胞来源主要是少突胶质细胞前体细胞。少突胶质细胞前体细胞是中枢神经系统少突胶质细胞谱系细胞祖细胞,可通过蛋白多糖神经胶质细胞抗原2和血小板衍生生长因子受体α的特异性表达来识别[2]。少突胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统髓鞘形成细胞,由少突胶质细胞前体细胞通过迁移、分化和成熟而产生,其核心功能是产生髓磷脂包裹轴突,在加速动作电位传导和支持营养轴突方面起着至关重要的作用。
在中枢神经系统髓鞘发育过程中,少突胶质细胞的细胞质膜以同心圆方式紧密缠绕在轴突周围,未被少突胶质细胞质膜覆盖的轴突区域称为郎飞氏结。当产生神经冲动时,轴突动作电位从郎飞氏结的一个节点“跳跃”到下一个节点,形成相对快速和节能的神经传导过程[3]。此外,少突胶质细胞可通过其表面数量众多的乳酸转运蛋白——单羧酸转运蛋白1为轴突提供乳酸,其对轴突的能量支持是维持轴突功能和神经元存活的重要保障[4]
当中枢神经系统受到免疫、炎症和代谢等损伤刺激诱导髓鞘脱失后,神经纤维动作电位传导变慢,甚至阻滞,进而出现神经功能恶化。在脱髓鞘病变中,少突胶质细胞前体细胞通过增殖,迁移到病变部位,而后分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞以修复受损的髓鞘,此过程称为髓鞘再生。早期研究表明,毒素诱导脱髓鞘后,受损的少突胶质细胞不参与髓鞘再生。然而,用辐照饮食喂养的猫和缺乏维生素B12的猴子模型研究表明,成体少突胶质细胞可以在髓鞘再生中发挥作用。NEELY等[5]对斑马鱼模型研究表明,存活的少突胶质细胞表现出有限的髓鞘再生,且存在广泛的髓鞘靶向错误。因此,存活的成熟少突胶质细胞对髓鞘再生的作用有待进一步的研究深入探讨,由少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为新的少突胶质细胞以促进髓鞘再生可能是治疗脱髓鞘疾病最有希望的方法。髓鞘再生的细胞来源[6-11],见表1
TALBOTT等[12]研究表明,在缺乏星形胶质细胞的脊髓损伤区域,少突胶质细胞前体细胞不能重新髓鞘化脱髓鞘轴突,表明星形胶质细胞在调节少突胶质细胞前体细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的过程中是必不可少的。作为中枢神经系统最丰富的胶质细胞,星形胶质细胞具有维持谷氨酸平衡和离子稳态、消除氧化应激、储存糖原能量、修复受损组织、释放神经递质调控突触活动及参与突触形成等作用[13]。然而,目前对星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中所发挥的作用机制认识尚不充分,因此,文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。
第一作者于2024年3月进行文献检索。
2014年1月至2024年3月,同时纳入少数远期经典文献。
中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库。
以“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”为中文检索词,以“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”为英文检索词,分别进行文献检索。
研究原著和综述。
对文献中高价值被引参考文献,先阅读文题及摘要,再以标题为索引进行检索,阅读全文。
以PubMed数据库检索策略为例,见图1
共检索文献1 414篇,其中中文文献228篇,英文文献1 186篇,来源于中国知网数据库228篇,PubMed数据库519篇,Web of Science数据库667篇。
①选择与星形胶质细胞及髓鞘再生相关的文献;②与少突胶质细胞谱系细胞相关的文献;③同领域内近5年内发表的文献。
①与文章研究内容无关的文献;②资料无法获取和数据记录不详细的文献;③重复性研究。
初步检索1 414篇文献后,第一作者根据标题、摘要以及纳排标准,排除与文章主题不符及重复性研究900篇,随后对筛选出的514篇文献和手工检索的18篇文献进行逐一精读,排除内容不详细、逻辑不严密的文献,最终纳入66篇文献进行综述。文献筛选流程图见图2
髓鞘再生主要分为2个阶段:第一阶段为脱髓鞘病变引起少突胶质细胞前体细胞活化、增殖及迁移到脱髓鞘区域;第二阶段为少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为髓鞘前期少突胶质细胞及成熟少突胶质细胞的过程。由少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为少突胶质细胞是一个复杂且受到严格调控的过程,它在一定程度上是由少突胶质细胞谱系细胞与其他细胞类型的相互作用引导的。众多因素如髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等在调节髓鞘再生过程中起着重要作用[14-23],详见表2
髓鞘碎片可抑制中枢神经系统髓鞘再生。脱髓鞘病变产生的髓鞘碎片含有髓鞘再生的抑制分子,过多的髓鞘碎片可导致血小板衍生生长因子受体α和胰岛素样生长因子1信号减少并刺激干扰素γ分泌,损害少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集、增殖和成熟[14]。小胶质细胞和浸润性巨噬细胞是中枢神经系统发挥吞噬功能的主要细胞,通过表达髓样细胞2触发受体促进髓鞘碎片的清除,增加脱髓鞘区域少突胶质细胞前体细胞的密度及少突胶质细胞的形成,增强中枢神经系统髓鞘再生[15]
除了参与吞噬髓鞘碎片以促进髓鞘再生外,小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞还可表达信号素3F以神经纤毛蛋白2依赖的方式刺激少突胶质细胞前体细胞迁移,增强少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集,加速髓鞘再生的发生[16]。当小胶质细胞被激活时,它们会分泌白细胞介素1、白细胞介素12、白细胞介素23、肿瘤坏死因子α和诱导型一氧化氮合酶等因子促进炎症反应,加剧髓鞘损伤;也可分泌白细胞介素4、白细胞介素10、白细胞介素13、转化生长因子β和精氨酸酶1等因子来促进神经保护[17]。促炎型小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞在髓鞘再生的募集阶段普遍存在,而抗炎型小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞在分化阶段占主导地位,从促炎状态到抗炎状态的及时过渡对快速有效的髓鞘再生至关重要。
研究表明,微血管内皮也具备髓鞘碎片吞噬作用。微血管内皮细胞作为“业余”吞噬细胞,可识别被免疫球蛋白G调理化的髓鞘碎片,而后通过自噬途径清除髓鞘碎片。内皮细胞通过吞噬被免疫球蛋白G调理化的髓鞘碎片,并将髓鞘抗原呈递给淋巴细胞,生成特异性抗体可以进一步调理髓鞘碎片并促进其吞噬,内皮细胞对髓鞘碎片的摄取和处理可诱导炎症及纤维化瘢痕形成[18]。周细胞作为中枢神经系统的血管周围细胞,其功能并不局限于血管稳态,也参与调节中枢神经系统髓鞘再生过程。在中枢神经系统脱髓鞘后,周细胞具有高度增殖反应,其衍生的层粘连蛋白亚基α2可通过诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞向少突胶质细胞分化,加速髓鞘再生[19]
外周免疫细胞也可参与调节髓鞘再生,其中,调节性T细胞促进髓鞘再生,辅助性T细胞17抑制髓鞘再生。体外研究表明,调节性T细胞通过产生细胞通讯网络因子3促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化和髓鞘形成[20]。需注意的是,细胞通讯网络因子3并不是中枢神经系统有效髓鞘形成或髓鞘再生所必需的[21]。辅助性T细胞17浸润与自发髓鞘再生受损有关,其分泌的白细胞介素17可诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞中NOTCH-1信号通路激活,损害少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为成熟少突胶质细胞,导致中枢神经系统髓鞘再生失败。白细胞介素17受体衔接蛋白Act 1具有泛素连接酶活性,其可与NOTCH-1的胞内结构域(NOTCH-1 intracellular domain,NICD1)结合,使NICD1泛素化,形成Act1-NICD1复合物并易位到细胞核中,与转录因子免疫球蛋白κJ区的重组信号结合蛋白形成稳定的复合物,促进基因转录共激活因子的募集,诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞的增殖及相关基因的表达,干扰少突胶质细胞前体细胞的正常分化程序导致脱髓鞘[22]
衰老是影响中枢系统髓鞘再生的因素之一。随着年龄增长,机体内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)水平逐渐下降、少突胶质细胞前体细胞所处的组织微环境僵硬度逐渐增加、调节少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化的转录因子同源结构域蛋白NK2同源盒2降低、少突胶质细胞前体细胞对促分化信号的反应性下降等均可导致少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化潜力减低[23]。NAD-SIRT2-H3K18Ac-ID4轴可以介导髓鞘再生,其中,NAD依赖性去乙酰酶SIRT2是恢复少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化潜力所必需的,通过补充NAD+前体β-烟酰胺单核苷酸,诱导少突胶质细胞前体细胞中SIRT2进入细胞核,促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞,进而增强中枢神经系统髓鞘再生[24];老年小鼠少突胶质细胞前体细胞表达的压电型机械感应离子通道1可通过感知细胞周围环境的硬度,抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞的分化[25],GsMTx4(一种蜘蛛毒肽)通过抑制压电型机械感应离子通道1可恢复少突胶质细胞前体细胞的分化活性,促进髓鞘再生;二甲双胍或间断禁食治疗可以恢复老年小鼠少突胶质细胞前体细胞对促分化信号的反应,从而改善髓鞘再生[26]
星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中起着双重作用。星形胶质细胞可通过转化为少突胶质谱系细胞、支持营养轴突及释放神经生长因子等途径实现有效的髓鞘再生;还可通过分泌神经毒性因子、炎性递质和细胞外基质成分等抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移和分化等过程,限制髓鞘修复,具体机制见图3
2.2.1 星形胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片影响髓鞘再生 脱髓鞘区域需要有效清除髓鞘碎片,这是髓鞘再生的关键步骤,星形胶质细胞参与清除退化的髓鞘碎片以加速髓鞘再生。星形胶质细胞通过分泌趋化因子C-X-C配体10和C-C基序配体2募集小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞到脱髓鞘部位吞噬髓鞘碎片,还可通过低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1介导的内吞作用摄取髓鞘碎片,再将其转运至溶酶体进行降解,以有效地补充吞噬功能[27]。髓磷脂的摄取诱导星形胶质细胞活化和增殖,导致磷酸核转录因子kappa B的激活及趋化因子的分泌,有趣的是,并未检测到白细胞介素的释放,这表明髓鞘摄取诱导了一种特定的星形胶质细胞激活模式,主要支持免疫细胞的募集[28]。然而,在缺血性损伤所致的继发性脱髓鞘病变中,表达脂质运载蛋白2的星形胶质细胞可获得吞噬表型并摄取髓磷脂,脂质运载蛋白2可与低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1结合,导致进行性脱髓鞘。敲除低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1可降低脂质运载蛋白2诱导的星形胶质细胞对髓鞘的吞噬作用,减少髓鞘脱失[29]。吞噬作用不足会导致髓鞘碎片堆积及髓鞘再生受损,对髓鞘的过度吞噬则会引发神经功能进一步恶化[30],因此,探索星形胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片的内在机制以及保持星形胶质细胞适度的吞噬功能可能是未来有潜力的研究方向。
2.2.2 星形胶质细胞参与炎性反应影响髓鞘再生 星形胶质细胞可分泌炎性细胞因子导致髓鞘脱失。当中枢神经系统受到损伤刺激时,星形胶质细胞可由“静息态”转化为“激活态”,成为反应性星形胶质细胞。反应性星形胶质细胞是一种高度异质的状态,可向相对破坏性或相对保护性的方向上极化:A1型星形胶质细胞释放细胞毒性化学物质,导致神经元和少突胶质细胞死亡并发挥有害作用;A2型星形胶质细胞可以产生神经营养因子并起到神经保护作用。在衰老、损伤或炎症等情况下,活化的小胶质细胞通过分泌白细胞介素1α、肿瘤坏死因子α和补体C1q诱导A1型反应性星形胶质细胞,后者可通过分泌白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6及Fas配体等神经毒性因子,从而减少少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集,诱导少突胶质细胞凋亡及髓鞘损伤[31]。当反应性星形胶质细胞的形成被阻断时,活化的小胶质细胞不足以诱导神经元或少突胶质细胞的死亡[32],表明星形胶质细胞在小胶质细胞发挥促炎反应过程中具有不可或缺的作用。抑制A1型星形胶质细胞的产生或促进A1型星形胶质细胞向A2型星形胶质细胞转化可能是充满前景的治疗方法。
2.2.3 星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞前体细胞促进髓鞘再生 星形胶质细胞具备向少突胶质谱系细胞转化的能力。体外研究表明,表皮生长因子可靶向EGF-EGFR-Erk1/2信号转导轴,通过细胞外信号调节激酶1和2依赖性方式激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路,在体内和体外促进SRY-box转录因子10诱导的星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞,表现为少突胶质细胞转录因子1和2的上调[33]。膜结合神经调节蛋白1的所有亚型都含有一个表皮生长因子样结构域,对于介导生物信号转导至关重要。研究表明,肿瘤坏死因子α可诱导星形胶质细胞表达未成熟细胞标志物分化簇44和RNA结合蛋白Musashi1,成为具备干细胞特性的反应性星形胶质细胞。在肿瘤坏死因子α刺激下,膜结合神经调节蛋白1可使反应性星形胶质细胞在mRNA和蛋白质水平上表达少突胶质谱系细胞标志物血小板衍生生长因子受体α和O4,通过表皮生长因子受体靶向PI3K-AKT-mTOR信号通路调节髓鞘相关基因的表达,促进少突胶质细胞形成及髓鞘再生[34]。星形胶质细胞可向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化,这一发现为脱髓鞘疾病进行髓鞘再生提供了新途径。
2.2.4 星形胶质细胞为髓鞘再生提供营养支持 少突胶质细胞前体细胞向少突胶质细胞分化形成髓鞘的过程中,需要大量的胆固醇、乳酸等营养物质。星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统胆固醇的主要提供者,通过向少突胶质细胞提供脂质调节髓鞘再生。其中,在溶血卵磷脂诱导的髓鞘损伤动物模型中,星形胶质细胞核转录因子红系2相关因子2通路的持续激活会抑制胆固醇的生物合成/输出,木犀草素可通过下调核转录因子红系2相关因子2通路,上调胆固醇生物合成通路支持成熟少突胶质细胞存活,促进髓鞘形成[35]。在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎或双环己酮草酰二腙脱髓鞘模型中,促炎细胞因子可通过胆固醇转运蛋白——ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1依赖性途径抑制星形胶质细胞的胆固醇外排[36],从膳食中补充的外源性胆固醇可通过受损的血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统,支持少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖和分化,恢复生长因子的平衡,为髓鞘再生创造有利的环境[37]。低浓度葡萄糖会抑制少突胶质细胞谱系细胞的发育及髓鞘的生成,当提供外源性L-乳酸时,髓鞘形成得以恢复,表明乳酸可以在葡萄糖水平有限时支持少突胶质细胞的发育和髓鞘形成。中枢神经系统少突胶质细胞是大脑中以最高速率消耗乳酸的细胞类型,其可通过单羧酸转运蛋白1吸收星形胶质细胞释放的乳酸以进行能量代谢和脂质合成,促进髓鞘再生。因此,星形胶质细胞为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞提供胆固醇及乳酸对于髓鞘再生能量代谢至关重要。
2.2.5 星形胶质细胞衍生神经营养因子通过干预少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移和分化过程进而促进髓鞘再生星形胶质细胞通过分泌血小板衍生生长因子AA、成纤维细胞生长因子2、神经生长因子促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖。由星形胶质细胞产生的血小板衍生生长因子AA是少突胶质细胞前体细胞最有效的有丝分裂原和存活因子,其可与少突胶质细胞前体细胞表面的血小板衍生生长因子受体α结合,导致少突胶质细胞前体细胞数量增加。成纤维细胞生长因子2在早期增强少突胶质细胞前体细胞的增殖和存活,但在长时间刺激后可能抑制其分化为少突胶质细胞,在中枢神经系统髓鞘再生中的作用尚存在争议[38]。星形胶质细胞衍生的纤毛神经营养因子可诱导心营养因子样细胞因子1的产生,显著促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞的分化[39];星形胶质细胞来源的脑源性神经营养因子以原肌球蛋白相关激酶B受体依赖性方式刺激少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化,促进髓鞘再生[40]。星形胶质细胞还可通过分泌白血病抑制因子、胰岛素样生长因子1和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1等因子促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化[41],在髓鞘再生过程中发挥重要作用。此外,有研究发现星形胶质细胞可表达短蛋白聚糖的可溶性亚型,在体外以浓度依赖性方式促进髓鞘形成。短蛋白聚糖作为细胞外基质成分之一,不影响少突胶质细胞前体细胞的分化过程,而是通过作用于髓鞘形成的后期阶段以增强髓鞘形成[42]。因此,促进星形胶质细胞分泌神经营养因子或外源性神经营养因子的干预可能是增强髓鞘再生的有效靶点。
2.2.6 星形胶质细胞分泌髓鞘再生抑制因子限制髓鞘再生发育过程中的少突胶质细胞前体细胞迁移是以脉管系统作为物理介质,星形胶质细胞端足的形成及信号素3a/6a分泌可将少突胶质细胞前体细胞从血管脱离,并允许随后的少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化[43]。由于信号素3a对少突胶质细胞前体细胞的血管迁移排斥作用,在脱髓鞘病变中添加信号素3a会抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞募集,少突胶质细胞前体细胞向病灶中心迁移不足,导致髓鞘再生不良,因此,抑制信号素3a可能会促进髓鞘再生[44]。此外,星形胶质细胞来源的细胞间信号分子内皮素1通过作用于内皮素B受体诱导反应性星形胶质细胞中的Jagged 1表达,促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞中的NOTCH-1激活,延迟少突胶质细胞前体细胞成熟来限制髓鞘再生[45-46]
星形胶质细胞还可产生硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖、透明质酸和纤连蛋白等细胞外基质成分抑制髓鞘再生[47]:在受损的中枢神经系统中,由星形胶质细胞分泌的硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖是创伤后轴突再生的有效抑制剂,其在微环境中的积累是阻碍神经修复的主要屏障。硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖作为星形胶质细胞瘢痕的一部分高度上调,通过蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶sigma受体介导,激活RhoA/ROCK通路,抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞迁移及髓鞘再生。
研究表明,低分子质量透明质酸可抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞的成熟过程。少突胶质细胞前体细胞表达的透明质酸酶可将高分子质量透明质酸降解为透明质酸低聚物,后者通过作用于少突胶质细胞前体细胞表面的Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor 2,TLR2),介导TLR2-MyD88信号传导以阻断少突胶质细胞前体细胞成熟和髓鞘再生;纤连蛋白也可激活TLR信号传导并促进免疫反应,通过核转录因子κB和p38-MAPK-2信号转导轴诱导促炎细胞因子表达,增强细胞毒性T细胞反应;此外,纤连蛋白聚集体可抑制少突胶质细胞前体细胞的分化和髓鞘再生。因此,干扰纤连蛋白的聚集及清除纤连蛋白可能是促进髓鞘再生的策略之一。
少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为成熟髓鞘少突胶质细胞的过程,除了受细胞外基质成分组成的影响,还取决于细胞外基质蛋白的刚度,刚性基质促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖和早期分化,而软基质有利于少突胶质细胞成熟和髓鞘形成。细胞外基质蛋白在胼胝体中的沉积可能有助于少突胶质细胞前体细胞的募集和早期分化,但少突胶质细胞成熟和髓鞘形成需要基质金属蛋白酶去除这些蛋白,细胞外基质成分的动态调节在一定程度上影响髓鞘再生过程。
大多数可用的治疗脱髓鞘疾病的药物都是免疫调节剂,可以降低复发、延缓进展、改善临床功能,然而,并不能消除慢性炎症、阻止神经变性。目前,促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为少突胶质细胞的内源性髓鞘再生药物疗法被认为是治疗脱髓鞘疾病很有前途的方法[48]。研究表明,部分药物可通过调控星形胶质细胞功能及其衍生因子促进髓鞘再生[49-63],具体见表3
丙酮酸乙酯可促进星形胶质细胞对髓鞘碎片的吞噬作用,诱导星形胶质细胞向脱髓鞘区域的迁移和富集,上调星形胶质细胞中纤毛神经营养因子和脑源性神经营养因子的表达,降低NOTCH1信号通路的激活,促进中枢神经系统髓鞘再生[49]。反应性星形胶质细胞高表达补体C3,与小胶质细胞C3aR结合后可阻碍小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片,铈纳米颗粒通过抑制活性氧诱导的星形胶质细胞核转录因子κB p65易位,显著降低反应性星形胶质细胞的表达,促进小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘碎片,增加成熟少突胶质细胞数量,最终促进髓鞘再生[50]
在肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的炎症环境中,活性氧和一氧化氮水平升高会加剧神经元和髓鞘损伤,通过核转录因子κB/p65易位诱导反应性星形胶质细胞,阻碍少突胶质细胞前体细胞成熟,导致少突胶质细胞变性。拉奎尼莫德可抑制星形胶质细胞的核转录因子κB通路,进而减轻炎性微环境,增强髓鞘再生[51]
星形胶质细胞的连接蛋白43(connexin 43,Cx43)作为中枢神经系统中最丰富的间隙连接蛋白,可维持星形胶质细胞的网络稳态。然而,在溶血卵磷脂诱导的脱髓鞘动物模型中,Cx43条件性基因敲除小鼠的髓鞘再生过程加速,成熟少突胶质细胞数量增加,表明Cx43半通道可能通过促进局部炎症而抑制髓鞘再生过程。博尔丁可通过降低Cx43活性调节局部炎症进而促进髓鞘再生[52]
敲除神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性星形胶质细胞的电压门控钙通道可导致星形胶质细胞活化和增殖程度减低,肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β等促炎因子产生减少,促进少突胶质细胞前体细胞的成熟及髓鞘再生。尼莫地平作为电压门控钙通道拮抗剂,可通过阻断星形胶质细胞电压门控钙通道抑制小鼠脑部炎症从而促进髓鞘再生[53]
淫羊藿总黄酮、银杏内酯B和银杏内酯K可拮抗星形胶质细胞中血小板活化因子受体的表达,抑制血小板活化因子诱导的炎症反应,诱导神经营养因子的表达[54-55]。其中,银杏内酯K可通过抑制白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、一氧化氮及诱导型一氧化氮合酶的产生,进而上调星形胶质细胞中Nrf2/HO-1的表达,抑制p-核转录因子κB/p65通路,从而减少O4+少突胶质细胞的凋亡[56]
SRY-box转录因子2可将星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞,为内源性髓鞘细胞的生成提供了新的策略[57]。研究表明,经表观遗传修饰剂曲古抑素A或5-氮杂胞苷处理后,星形胶质细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达降低,少突胶质谱系细胞标志物血小板衍生生长因子受体α及少突胶质细胞转录因子2表达增加,髓鞘再生明显增强[58]。同样,miR-302/367和丙戊酸联用可诱导双环己酮草酰二腙动物模型中星形胶质细胞转化,增加少突胶质细胞前体细胞及髓磷脂碱性蛋白水平,促进髓鞘再生[59]。诱导星形胶质细胞向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞分化,为中枢神经系统髓鞘再生提供了新思路。
在双环己酮草酰二腙诱导的脱髓鞘动物模型中,皮质类固醇美德松通过调节星形胶质细胞极化、减少神经毒性星形胶质细胞的数量,增加基质金属蛋白酶1表达的星形胶质细胞数量,促进少突胶质细胞的恢复及髓鞘再生[60]。细胞外基质成分硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖可抑制少突胶质前体细胞分化,其抑制特性很大一部分来源于碳水化合物侧链。氟胺、软骨素酶ABC和2-花生四烯酰甘油等药物通过减少星形胶质细胞合成硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖来促进少突胶质细胞成熟及髓鞘再生[61-62]。其中,2-花生四烯酰甘油可能通过抑制转化生长因子β1-SMAD信号通路以减少硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的产生,改善中枢微环境进而再生髓鞘[63]
目前所归纳的髓鞘再生候选药物均以星形胶质细胞作为靶细胞,通过干预星形胶质细胞调控髓鞘再生的不同途径来发挥促进髓鞘再生作用,部分药物在基础实验中取得不错效果,但仍需更多的研究来检验其安全性及有效性。
反应性星形胶质细胞是一组高度异质的神经胶质细胞,在中枢神经系统不同疾病中可能发挥着不同作用。
在多发性硬化的病理环境中,星形胶质细胞可参与吞噬髓鞘碎片,分泌神经毒性因子促进炎性反应,释放神经营养因子发挥抗炎作用等影响髓鞘再生过程。有研究通过比较来源于良性型和进展型多发性硬化患者的星形胶质细胞对炎性细胞因子损伤的神经元轴突的影响,发现良性型星形胶质细胞可通过激活JAK-STAT通路诱导白血病抑制因子、转化生长因子β1和脑源性神经营养因子等生长因子的产生[64],对细胞因子干扰的神经元轴突起到神经保护作用,提示不同类型的多发性硬化中星形胶质细胞的作用可能不尽相同,其内在的分子机制有待进一步研究去深入探索。
与多发性硬化不同,视神经脊髓炎是以星形胶质细胞作为细胞毒性反应靶细胞,由针对星形胶质细胞表面水通道蛋白4的致病性抗体与水通道蛋白4结合,触发经典补体级联反应,损伤星形胶质细胞,而后累及少突胶质细胞,出现脱髓鞘和神经元丢失[65]。此外,抗水通道蛋白4抗体可诱导星形胶质细胞向细胞外释放三磷酸腺苷,介导周围神经性疼痛[66]
缺血性脑卒中可引起原发性损伤部位远端白质的继发性髓鞘损伤。当发生缺血性脑卒中后,反应性星形胶质细胞在非缺血区域表达增加,其所分泌的脂质运载蛋白2与星形胶质细胞表面的低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1结合,介导髓鞘吞噬作用,导致显著的白质损伤[29]。因此,下调脂质运载蛋白2可能有助于缺血性脑卒中的神经功能恢复。
近年来,人们逐渐认识到星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的作用,已有相关文献报道了星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的部分功能。但是,对于星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质谱系细胞等功能缺乏系统概述,对于星形胶质细胞部分衍生因子在髓鞘再生中的作用存在争议,对于靶向星形胶质细胞以调控髓鞘再生的相关药物缺乏整理归纳。此外,有研究表明髓鞘损伤后残存的少突胶质细胞表现出有限的髓鞘再生,且存在广泛的髓鞘靶向错误,目前普遍认为,髓鞘再生主要由少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为少突胶质细胞,因此,如何促进新的少突胶质细胞形成是治疗脱髓鞘疾病的关键。
文章通过讨论星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的功能作用及涉及的相关分子和机制,详细阐述了星形胶质细胞对髓鞘再生过程产生的促进及抑制双重作用,为靶向星形胶质细胞治疗脱髓鞘疾病提供了新思路,通过上调促进髓鞘再生的因素,降低抑制髓鞘再生的因素,使星形胶质细胞作用向神经保护方向倾斜对改善髓鞘再生尤为重要。后续研究可进一步探讨干扰星形胶质细胞促进髓鞘再生的相关靶点,以期为脱髓鞘疾病提供治疗方法。
髓鞘再生过程受到众多因素调控,它们通过干预少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移和分化等阶段促进或抑制髓鞘再生,星形胶质细胞仅为调节髓鞘再生的众多因素之一。文章以星形胶质细胞为切入点,阐明其对髓鞘再生的影响,而未对影响髓鞘再生的其他因素进行系统讨论。文章对既往星形胶质细胞调控髓鞘再生的相关研究进行了归纳总结,然而,目前对于星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的作用机制研究尚不充分,星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中的功能作用仍需要进一步的研究探索。此外,文章中归纳总结的大部分药物仍处于实验研究阶段,其临床有效性和安全性还需要更多的研究来验证。
在脱髓鞘疾病中,少突胶质细胞损伤导致髓鞘丢失、轴突损伤和严重的功能障碍。自发性髓鞘再生在脱髓鞘疾病的进展中经常失败,因而,增强对髓鞘再生调节机制的理解和确定相关靶点至关重要。文章通过概述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生中发挥的清除髓鞘碎片、提供营养支持、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转化及释放神经生长因子等促进髓鞘再生;还可通过分泌炎性因子、细胞外基质成分等限制髓鞘再生,为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在治疗靶点,进一步明确脱髓鞘疾病的治疗方向。
既往研究认为,反应性星形胶质细胞存在神经毒性表型及神经保护性表型,在神经系统中发挥双重作用。目前有研究表明,星形胶质细胞的表型可能不局限于以上两种类型,存在尚未被认识到的星形胶质细胞表型,不同表型的星形胶质细胞可能存在不同的细胞功能,目前亟需更多的研究来明确星形胶质细胞的功能及作用机制,此外,也可以继续探索以星形胶质细胞为靶细胞以影响髓鞘再生过程的药物,并对其相关信号通路及分子机制进行深入探讨,以期为脱髓鞘疾病提供有效干预靶点。鼓励少突胶质细胞前体细胞分化为少突胶质细胞仅代表调节髓鞘再生的复杂多阶段生物学的单一方法,促进少突胶质细胞形成的其他靶点无疑仍有待确定。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82301579)
  • 山西医科大学第三医院人才引进科研启动金项目(2021RC033)
  • 2022年山西省科技创新青年人才团队(202204051001028)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
LUBETZKI C, ZALC B, WILLIAMS A, et al. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: from basic science to clinical translation. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(8): 678-688.
[2]
GIL M, GAMA V. Emerging mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte development. J Neurosci Res. 2023; 101(3): 354-366.
[3]
KUHN S, GRITTI L, CROOKS D, et al. Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond. Cells. 2019; 8(11): 1424.
[4]
LEE Y, MORRISON BM, LI Y, et al. Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration. Nature. 2012; 487(7408): 443-448.
[5]
NEELY SA, WILLIAMSON JM, KLINGSEISEN A, et al. New oligodendrocytes exhibit more abundant and accurate remyelination than those that survive demyelination. Nat Neurosci. 2022; 25(4): 415-420.
[6]
LUDWIN SK. The perineuronal satellite oligodendrocyte. A role in remyelination. Acta Neuropathol. 1979; 47(1): 49-53.
[7]
ARENELLA LS, HERNDON RM. Mature oligodendrocytes. Division following experimental demyelination in adult animals. Arch Neurol. 1984; 41(11): 1162-1165.
[8]
ITOYAMA Y, OHNISHI A, TATEISHI J, et al. Spinal cord multiple sclerosis lesions in Japanese patients: Schwann cell remyelination occurs in areas that lack glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Acta Neuropathol. 1985; 65(3-4): 217-223.
[9]
GARD AL, PFEIFFER SE. Oligodendrocyte progenitors isolated directly from developing telencephalon at a specific phenotypic stage: myelinogenic potential in a defined environment. Development. 1989; 106(1): 119-132.
[10]
NAIT-OUMESMAR B, DECKER L, LACHAPELLE F, et al. Progenitor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone proliferate, migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes after demyelination. Eur J Neurosci. 1999; 11(12): 4357-4366.
[11]
ZAWADZKA M, RIVERS LE, FANCY SP, et al. CNS-resident glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination. Cell Stem Cell. 2010; 6(6): 578-590.
[12]
TALBOTT JF, LOY DN, LIU Y, et al. Endogenous Nkx2.2+/Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells fail to remyelinate the demyelinated adult rat spinal cord in the absence of astrocytes. Exp Neurol. 2005; 192(1): 11-24.
[13]
王明达, 周亮, 罗天元, . 星形胶质细胞在髓鞘形成与修复中作用的研究进展[J]. 神经解剖学杂志, 2019, 35(4): 451-454.
[14]
SEN MK, MAHNS DA, COORSSEN JR, et al. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis and myelination: insights from the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. Glia. 2022; 70(7): 1215-1250.
[15]
CIGNARELLA F, FILIPELLO F, BOLLMAN B, et al. TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2020; 140(4): 513-534.
[16]
AIGROT MS, BARTHELEMY C, MOYON S, et al. Genetically modified macrophages accelerate myelin repair. EMBO Mol Med. 2022; 14(8): e14759.
[17]
KALAFATAKIS I, KARAGOGEOS D. Oligodendrocytes and microglia: key players in myelin development, damage and repair. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(7): 1058.
[18]
ZHOU T, ZHENG Y, SUN L, et al. Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury. Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22(3): 421-435.
[19]
DE LA FUENTE AG, LANGE S, SILVA ME, et al. Pericytes stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation during CNS remyelination. Cell Rep. 2017; 20(8): 1755-1764.
[20]
DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, DITTMER M, DOMBROWSKI Y, et al. Regenerating CNS myelin: emerging roles of regulatory T cells and CCN proteins. Neurochem Int. 2019; 130:104349.
[21]
DE LA VEGA GALLARDO N, PENALVA R, DITTMER M, et al. Dynamic CCN3 expression in the murine CNS does not confer essential roles in myelination or remyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(30): 18018-18028.
[22]
WANG C, ZHANG CJ, MARTIN BN, et al. IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. Nat Commun. 2017; 8:15508.
[23]
DIMOVASILI C, FAIR AE, GARZA IR, et al. Aging compromises oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and efficient remyelination in the monkey brain. Geroscience. 2023; 45(1): 249-264.
[24]
MA XR, ZHU X, XIAO Y, et al. Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 1225.
[25]
NEUMANN B, SEGEL M, CHALUT KJ, et al. Remyelination and ageing: reversing the ravages of time. Mult Scler. 2019; 25(14): 1835-1841.
[26]
NEUMANN B, BAROR R, ZHAO C, et al. Metformin restores cns remyelination capacity by rejuvenating aged stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2019; 25(4): 473-485. e478.
[27]
LI X, DING Z, LIU K, et al. Astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris and reactive characteristics in vivo and in vitro. Biol Cell. 2023; 115(12): e202300057.
[28]
PONATH G, RAMANAN S, MUBARAK M, et al. Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology. Brain. 2017; 140(2): 399-413.
[29]
WAN T, ZHU W, ZHAO Y, et al. Astrocytic phagocytosis contributes to demyelination after focal cortical ischemia in mice. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1): 1134.
[30]
XU T, LIU C, DENG S, et al. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in myelin phagocytosis in the central nervous system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2023; 43(3): 325-340.
[31]
LINNERBAUER M, WHEELER MA, QUINTANA FJ. Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation. Neuron. 2020; 108(4): 608-622.
[32]
LIDDELOW SA, GUTTENPLAN KA, CLARKE LE, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature. 2017; 541(7638): 481-487.
[33]
LIU X, LI C, LI J, et al. EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocytes. Mol Med. 2022; 28(1): 50.
[34]
DING Z, DAI C, ZHONG L, et al. Neuregulin-1 converts reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells via upregulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to repair spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 134:111168.
[35]
MOLINA-GONZALEZ I, HOLLOWAY RK, JIWAJI Z, et al. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun. 2023; 14(1): 3372.
[36]
WERKMAN IL, KöVILEIN J, DE JONGE JC, et al. Impairing committed cholesterol biosynthesis in white matter astrocytes, but not grey matter astrocytes, enhances in vitro myelination. J Neurochem. 2021; 156(5): 624-641.
[37]
BERGHOFF SA, GERNDT N, WINCHENBACH J, et al. Dietary cholesterol promotes repair of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain. Nat Commun. 2017; 8:14241.
[38]
ZHANG Q, CHEN Z, ZHANG K, et al. FGF/FGFR system in the central nervous system demyelinating disease: recent progress and implications for multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023; 29(6): 1497-1511.
[39]
JI-WEI S, ZI-YING L, XIANG T, et al. CNTF induces Clcf1 in astrocytes to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022; 636(Pt 1): 170-177.
[40]
FLETCHER JL, WOOD RJ, NGUYEN J, et al. Targeting TrkB with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic promotes myelin repair in the brain. J Neurosci. 2018; 38(32): 7088-7099.
[41]
RAWJI KS, GONZALEZ MARTINEZ GA, SHARMA A, et al. The role of astrocytes in remyelination. Trends Neurosci. 2020; 43(8): 596-607.
[42]
SEILER S, RUDOLF F, GOMES FR, et al. Astrocyte-derived factors regulate CNS myelination. Glia. 2024.
[43]
SU Y, WANG X, YANG Y, et al. Astrocyte endfoot formation controls the termination of oligodendrocyte precursor cell perivascular migration during development. Neuron. 2023; 111(2): 190-201.e198.
[44]
BINAMé F, PHAM-VAN LD, SPENLé C, et al. Disruption of Sema3A/Plexin-A1 inhibitory signalling in oligodendrocytes as a therapeutic strategy to promote remyelination. EMBO Mol Med. 2019; 11(11): e10378.
[45]
HAMMOND TR, GADEA A, DUPREE J, et al. Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 inhibits remyelination through notch activation. Neuron. 2014; 81(3): 588-602.
[46]
HAMMOND TR, MCELLIN B, MORTON PD, et al. Endothelin-B receptor activation in astrocytes regulates the rate of oligodendrocyte regeneration during remyelination. Cell Rep. 2015; 13(10): 2090-2097.
[47]
GHORBANI S, YONG VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2021; 144(7): 1958-1973.
[48]
NAJM FJ, MADHAVAN M, ZAREMBA A, et al. Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo. Nature. 2015; 522(7555): 216-220.
[49]
HE Y, AN J, YIN JJ, et al. Ethyl pyruvate-derived transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendrogenesis in cuprizone-induced demyelinating model. Neurotherapeutics. 2021; 18(1): 488-502.
[50]
ZHENG J, LU J, MEI S, et al. Ceria nanoparticles ameliorate white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage: microglia-astrocyte involvement in remyelination. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 43.
[51]
BRÜCK W, PFÖRTNER R, PHAM T, et al. Reduced astrocytic NF-κB activation by laquinimod protects from cuprizone-induced demyelination. Acta Neuropathol. 2012; 124(3): 411-424.
[52]
LI T, NIU J, YU G, et al. Connexin 43 deletion in astrocytes promotes CNS remyelination by modulating local inflammation. Glia. 2020; 68(6): 1201-1212.
[53]
ZAMORA NN, CHELI VT, SANTIAGO GONZÁLEZ DA, et al. Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes during demyelination reduces brain inflammation and promotes myelin regeneration in mice. J Neurosci. 2020; 40(17): 3332-3347.
[54]
MENG-RU Z, RUO-XUAN S, MING-YANG Y, et al. Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 101(Pt A): 108181.
[55]
WANG TJ, WU ZY, YANG CH, et al. Multiple mechanistic models reveal the neuroprotective effects of diterpene ginkgolides against astrocyte-mediated demyelination via the PAF-PAFR pathway. Am J Chin Med. 2022; 50(6): 1565-1597.
[56]
LI QY, MIAO Q, SUI RX, et al. Ginkgolide K supports remyelination via induction of astrocytic IGF/PI3K/Nrf2 axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019; 75:105819.
[57]
FARHANGI S, DEHGHAN S, TOTONCHI M, et al. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in adult mice demyelinated brains by Sox2. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 28:263-272.
[58]
ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, JAVAN M. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells using chemicals: targeting gliosis for myelin repair. Regen Med. 2018; 13(7): 803-819.
[59]
GHASEMI-KASMAN M, ZARE L, BAHARVAND H, et al. In vivo conversion of astrocytes to myelinating cells by miR-302/367 and valproate to enhance myelin repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018; 12(1): e462-e472.
[60]
SILVA OLIVEIRA JUNIOR M, SCHIRA-HEINEN J, REICHE L, et al. Myelin repair is fostered by the corticosteroid medrysone specifically acting on astroglial subpopulations. EBioMedicine. 2022; 83:104204.
[61]
KEOUGH MB, ROGERS JA, ZHANG P, et al. An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination. Nat Commun. 2016; 7:11312.
[62]
ROSENZWEIG ES, SALEGIO EA, LIANG JJ, et al. Chondroitinase improves anatomical and functional outcomes after primate spinal cord injury. Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22(8): 1269-1275.
[63]
FELIU A, MESTRE L, CARRILLO-SALINAS FJ, et al. 2-arachidonoylglycerol reduces chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan production by astrocytes and enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation under inhibitory conditions. Glia. 2020; 68(6): 1255-1273.
[64]
KERKERING J, MUINJONOV B, ROSIEWICZ KS, et al. iPSC-derived reactive astrocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis protect cocultured neurons in inflammatory conditions. J Clin Invest. 2023; 133(13): e164637.
[65]
CARNERO CONTENTTI E, CORREALE J. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 208.
[66]
ISHIKURA T, KINOSHITA M, SHIMIZU M, et al. Anti-AQP4 autoantibodies promote ATP release from astrocytes and induce mechanical pain in rats. J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18(1): 181.
2025年第29卷第36期
PDF下载
129
62
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12307/2025.542
  • 接收时间:2024-07-13
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-13
  • 修回日期:2024-09-07
  • 录用日期:2024-08-24
基金
Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301579)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82301579)
Talent Introduction Program of Scientific Research Foundation of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University(2021RC033)
山西医科大学第三医院人才引进科研启动金项目(2021RC033)
Grant of Innovative Young Talent Team of Shanxi Science and Technology in 2022(202204051001028)
2022年山西省科技创新青年人才团队(202204051001028)
作者信息
    1山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032
    2山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市 030619
    3山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001

通讯作者:

李新毅,主任医师,山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市 030032;山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市 030001
马存根,二级教授,山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室,山西省晋中市 030619
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgzzgcyj/CN/10.12307/2025.542
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏