Article(id=1246459845101113857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12307/2025.558, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721404800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-20, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=1726848000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-21, onlineDate=1775108785120, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775108785120, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775108785120, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108785120, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246459843930903036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, year='2025', volume='29', issue='36', pageStart='7701', pageEnd='7920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775108784853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108852483, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7735, endPage=7742, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246459846552343045, articleId=1246459845101113857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, language=EN, title=Bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome: action mechanism of Huosui Formula in intervening immune checkpoints, columnId=1246459844752986623, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, columnName=Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
BACKGROUND:

Previous studies have shown that Huosui Formula has a synergistic effect on the immune and hematopoietic regulation of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the effect and mechanism of Huosui Formula on bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome.

METHODS:

A total of 70 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (n=10), a model group (n=15), a western medicine group (n=15), a low-dose Huosui Formula group (n=15), and a high-dose Huosui Formula group (n=15). Except for the normal control group, the other four groups were injected with dimethylbenzanthracene via the tail vein to induce the establishment of rat myelodysplastic syndrome models. After modeling, the normal control group and the model group were given normal saline; the western medicine group was given thalidomide capsules 10 mg/kg and retinoic acid tablets 4 mg/kg, and the low-dose Huosui Formula group and the high-dose Huosui Formula group were given 1.5 and 6 g/kg Huosui Formula, respectively, by intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. Peripheral blood and femoral bone marrow tissue were collected to detect peripheral blood routine and bone marrow biopsy hematopoietic proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T lymphocytes.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) Compared with the normal control group, peripheral blood leukocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, platelet, and CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels were decreased in the model group significantly (P < 0.05), while CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+ expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). (2) In all dosage groups, myelopoietic proliferation was increased compared with the model group, with no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). (3) Compared with the model group, leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, and CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were significantly elevated in the high-dose Huosui Formula group (P < 0.05), the expression of CD8+ was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the levels of CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+ were down-regulated but not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (4) The western medicine group and the high-dose Huosui Formula group showed similar efficacy. The improvement of each index in the high-dose Huosui Formula group was superior to that in the low-dose Huosui Formula group. These findings indicate that Huosui Formula can improve the bone marrow hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome model rats, increase the levels of CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ while down-regulate the expression levels of CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+. These observations suggest a link to the negative immunoregulation mechanism.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Dai Mei, MS, Chief physician, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China
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背景:

既往研究表明经验方剂活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征患者的免疫及造血调节起到增效减毒的协同作用,但具体机制尚未明确。

目的:

探讨活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠骨髓造血的影响及机制。

方法:

70只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常对照组10只、模型组15只、西药组15只、活髓方低剂量组15只、活髓方高剂量组15只。除正常对照组外,其余4组采用尾静脉注射二甲基苯蒽诱导建立大鼠骨髓增生异常综合征模型,造模后正常对照组、模型组给予生理盐水,西药组给予沙利度胺胶囊10 mg/kg、维A酸片4 mg/kg,活髓方低、高剂量组分别给予活髓方1.5,6 g/kg,每天灌胃1次,连续给药28 d,取外周血和股骨骨髓组织,检测外周血常规、骨髓活检造血增殖情况,采用流式细胞术检测T淋巴细胞亚群及T淋巴细胞上CTLA-4和PD-1的表达。

结果与结论:

①与正常对照组相比,模型组外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、血红蛋白、血小板和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著下降(P < 0.05),CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达显著上调(P < 0.05);②与模型组相比,各给药组的骨髓增生程度均有改善,但组间无统计学差异(P > 0.05);③与模型组相比,活髓方高剂量组白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著升高(P < 0.05),CD8+水平显著降低(P < 0.05),CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达水平下降但无统计意义(P > 0.05);④西药组与活髓方高剂量组显示出相似的疗效;活髓方高剂量组较低剂量组各指标改善均有优势。结果表明,活髓方可改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的骨髓造血,提高CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平,下调CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达,可能与免疫负调控机制相关。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
戴媺,硕士,主任中医师,广州医科大学附属中医医院血液科,广东省广州市 510130
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作者贡献:

戴媺、卓秋燕负责实验实施、数据分析和论文撰写,夏思负责指标检测和数据分析,蒋群、卢诗颖负责指标检测和数据校对;刘燕娣负责骨髓病理技术,戴媺负责实验设计、数据和文章的校对。

Zhuo Qiuyan, MS, Physician, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China

卓秋燕,女,1992年生,广东省湛江市人,汉族,2019年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事中医药治疗血液疾病研究。

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Zhuo Qiuyan, MS, Physician, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China

卓秋燕,女,1992年生,广东省湛江市人,汉族,2019年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事中医药治疗血液疾病研究。

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Zhuo Qiuyan, MS, Physician, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China

卓秋燕,女,1992年生,广东省湛江市人,汉族,2019年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事中医药治疗血液疾病研究。

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figureFileBig=paVrFAqmMf4ZiKhvZJK0kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459857700803411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=图2, caption=活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响(流式图), figureFileSmall=eFasINIvtOzrTpmUdR578g==, figureFileBig=paVrFAqmMf4ZiKhvZJK0kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459857935684446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of Huosui Formula on peripheral blood CTLA-4 and PD-1 in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome (flow cytometry), figureFileSmall=7sSh6yHDZP0sHhzAMoC6VA==, figureFileBig=9Hxx8VuAy4sqkaCrFuIMaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459858019570537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=图3, caption=活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠外周血CTLA-4、PD-1的影响(流式图)

图注:CTLA-4为细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4;PD-1为程序性死亡受体1。

, figureFileSmall=7sSh6yHDZP0sHhzAMoC6VA==, figureFileBig=9Hxx8VuAy4sqkaCrFuIMaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459858111845234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of Huosui Formula on peripheral blood cells in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量n白细胞计数(×109 L-1)中性粒细胞绝对值(×109 L-1血红蛋白(g/L)血小板(×109 L-1
正常对照组-105.49±1.091.23±0.27168.50±13.03681.10±178.07
模型组-102.36±1.17a0.12±0.09a103.20±13.12a267.20±117.02a
西药组沙利度胺10 mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg124.65±1.22b0.61±0.45b140.83±15.46b442.58±87.33b
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg123.84±1.03b0.54±0.43b135.25±12.57b387.42±146.20
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg112.99±0.990.58±0.29b122.27±14.14b341.73±142.92
), ArticleFig(id=1246459858246062979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠外周血细胞的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量n白细胞计数(×109 L-1)中性粒细胞绝对值(×109 L-1血红蛋白(g/L)血小板(×109 L-1
正常对照组-105.49±1.091.23±0.27168.50±13.03681.10±178.07
模型组-102.36±1.17a0.12±0.09a103.20±13.12a267.20±117.02a
西药组沙利度胺10 mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg124.65±1.22b0.61±0.45b140.83±15.46b442.58±87.33b
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg123.84±1.03b0.54±0.43b135.25±12.57b387.42±146.20
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg112.99±0.990.58±0.29b122.27±14.14b341.73±142.92
), ArticleFig(id=1246459858338337675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of Huosui Formula on bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量n活跃明显活跃极度活跃
正常对照组-10730
模型组-7340
西药组沙利度胺10mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg9351
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg10451
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg7331
), ArticleFig(id=1246459859873452950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠骨髓造血的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量n活跃明显活跃极度活跃
正常对照组-10730
模型组-7340
西药组沙利度胺10mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg9351
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg10451
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg7331
), ArticleFig(id=1246459860003476381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of Huosui Formula on peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量nCD4+(%)CD8+(%)CD4+/CD8+
正常对照组-1060.40±4.3135.59±4.151.73±0.30
模型组-1050.71±3.18a43.14±4.72a1.20±0.21a
西药组沙利度胺10mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg1257.72±3.13b36.98±3.31b1.58±0.21b
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg1254.68±5.00b38.46±5.13b1.46±0.30b
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg1153.51±3.4639.26±5.201.39±0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1246459860112528296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量nCD4+(%)CD8+(%)CD4+/CD8+
正常对照组-1060.40±4.3135.59±4.151.73±0.30
模型组-1050.71±3.18a43.14±4.72a1.20±0.21a
西药组沙利度胺10mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg1257.72±3.13b36.98±3.31b1.58±0.21b
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg1254.68±5.00b38.46±5.13b1.46±0.30b
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg1153.51±3.4639.26±5.201.39±0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1246459860259328949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of Huosui Formula on CTLA-4 and PD-1 in peripheral blood in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量nCD4+CLTA-4+CD4+PD-1+CD8+CLTA-4+CD8+PD-1+
正常对照组-100.00(0.10)1.31±0.230.00(0.10)0.16±0.04
模型组-100.47±0.14a5.08±0.95a0.74±0.21a2.70(6.73)a
西药组沙利度胺10 mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg120.10(0.20)2.96±0.220.00(0.10)b0.10(0.48)
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg120.10(0.08)2.42±0.280.10(0.20)0.40±0.08
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg110.11±0.032.40±0.390.19±0.030.38±0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1246459860372575164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459845101113857, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠外周血CTLA-4、PD-1的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别剂量nCD4+CLTA-4+CD4+PD-1+CD8+CLTA-4+CD8+PD-1+
正常对照组-100.00(0.10)1.31±0.230.00(0.10)0.16±0.04
模型组-100.47±0.14a5.08±0.95a0.74±0.21a2.70(6.73)a
西药组沙利度胺10 mg/kg,维A酸4 mg/kg120.10(0.20)2.96±0.220.00(0.10)b0.10(0.48)
活髓方高剂量组活髓方6 g/kg120.10(0.08)2.42±0.280.10(0.20)0.40±0.08
活髓方低剂量组活髓方1.5 g/kg110.11±0.032.40±0.390.19±0.030.38±0.11
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骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠骨髓造血:活髓方干预免疫检查点的作用机制
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卓秋燕 1 , 蒋群 1 , 夏思 1 , 卢诗颖 1 , 刘燕娣 2 , 戴媺 1
中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025,29(36): 7735-7742
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中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025, 29(36): 7735-7742
骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠骨髓造血:活髓方干预免疫检查点的作用机制
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卓秋燕1, 蒋群1, 夏思1, 卢诗颖1, 刘燕娣2, 戴媺1
作者信息
  • 1广州医科大学附属中医医院,血液科,广东省广州市 510130
  • 2广州医科大学附属中医医院,病理科,广东省广州市 510130
  • Zhuo Qiuyan, MS, Physician, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China

    卓秋燕,女,1992年生,广东省湛江市人,汉族,2019年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事中医药治疗血液疾病研究。

通讯作者:

戴媺,硕士,主任中医师,广州医科大学附属中医医院血液科,广东省广州市 510130
Bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome: action mechanism of Huosui Formula in intervening immune checkpoints
Qiuyan Zhuo1, Qun Jiang1, Si Xia1, Shiying Lu1, Yandi Liu2, Mei Dai1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China
  • 2Department of Pathology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.12307/2025.558
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背景:

既往研究表明经验方剂活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征患者的免疫及造血调节起到增效减毒的协同作用,但具体机制尚未明确。

目的:

探讨活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠骨髓造血的影响及机制。

方法:

70只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常对照组10只、模型组15只、西药组15只、活髓方低剂量组15只、活髓方高剂量组15只。除正常对照组外,其余4组采用尾静脉注射二甲基苯蒽诱导建立大鼠骨髓增生异常综合征模型,造模后正常对照组、模型组给予生理盐水,西药组给予沙利度胺胶囊10 mg/kg、维A酸片4 mg/kg,活髓方低、高剂量组分别给予活髓方1.5,6 g/kg,每天灌胃1次,连续给药28 d,取外周血和股骨骨髓组织,检测外周血常规、骨髓活检造血增殖情况,采用流式细胞术检测T淋巴细胞亚群及T淋巴细胞上CTLA-4和PD-1的表达。

结果与结论:

①与正常对照组相比,模型组外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、血红蛋白、血小板和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著下降(P < 0.05),CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达显著上调(P < 0.05);②与模型组相比,各给药组的骨髓增生程度均有改善,但组间无统计学差异(P > 0.05);③与模型组相比,活髓方高剂量组白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著升高(P < 0.05),CD8+水平显著降低(P < 0.05),CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达水平下降但无统计意义(P > 0.05);④西药组与活髓方高剂量组显示出相似的疗效;活髓方高剂量组较低剂量组各指标改善均有优势。结果表明,活髓方可改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的骨髓造血,提高CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平,下调CD4+PD-1+、CD8+PD-1+、CD4+CTLA-4+和CD8+CTLA-4+表达,可能与免疫负调控机制相关。

骨髓增生异常综合征  /  活髓方  /  骨髓造血  /  免疫检查点  /  外周血T淋巴细胞亚群  /  CTLA-4  /  PD-1  /  SD大鼠  /  工程化细胞
BACKGROUND:

Previous studies have shown that Huosui Formula has a synergistic effect on the immune and hematopoietic regulation of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the effect and mechanism of Huosui Formula on bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome.

METHODS:

A total of 70 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (n=10), a model group (n=15), a western medicine group (n=15), a low-dose Huosui Formula group (n=15), and a high-dose Huosui Formula group (n=15). Except for the normal control group, the other four groups were injected with dimethylbenzanthracene via the tail vein to induce the establishment of rat myelodysplastic syndrome models. After modeling, the normal control group and the model group were given normal saline; the western medicine group was given thalidomide capsules 10 mg/kg and retinoic acid tablets 4 mg/kg, and the low-dose Huosui Formula group and the high-dose Huosui Formula group were given 1.5 and 6 g/kg Huosui Formula, respectively, by intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. Peripheral blood and femoral bone marrow tissue were collected to detect peripheral blood routine and bone marrow biopsy hematopoietic proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T lymphocytes.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) Compared with the normal control group, peripheral blood leukocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, platelet, and CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels were decreased in the model group significantly (P < 0.05), while CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+ expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). (2) In all dosage groups, myelopoietic proliferation was increased compared with the model group, with no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). (3) Compared with the model group, leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, and CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were significantly elevated in the high-dose Huosui Formula group (P < 0.05), the expression of CD8+ was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the levels of CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+ were down-regulated but not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (4) The western medicine group and the high-dose Huosui Formula group showed similar efficacy. The improvement of each index in the high-dose Huosui Formula group was superior to that in the low-dose Huosui Formula group. These findings indicate that Huosui Formula can improve the bone marrow hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome model rats, increase the levels of CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ while down-regulate the expression levels of CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD4+CTLA-4+, and CD8+CTLA-4+. These observations suggest a link to the negative immunoregulation mechanism.

myelodysplastic syndrome  /  Huosui formula  /  bone marrow hematopoiesis  /  immune checkpoint  /  peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset  /  CTLA-4  /  PD-1  /  SD rat  /  engineered cell
卓秋燕, 蒋群, 夏思, 卢诗颖, 刘燕娣, 戴媺. 骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠骨髓造血:活髓方干预免疫检查点的作用机制. 中国组织工程研究, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7735 -7742 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.558
Qiuyan Zhuo, Qun Jiang, Si Xia, Shiying Lu, Yandi Liu, Mei Dai. Bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats with myelodysplastic syndrome: action mechanism of Huosui Formula in intervening immune checkpoints[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7735 -7742 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.558
骨髓增生异常综合征是一组血液系统恶性肿瘤,主要特点是克隆性造血、细胞形态发育异常和血细胞减少,患者有发生贫血、出血和感染一系列症状的风险,易进展为急性白血病或骨髓衰竭[1]。近10余年应用去甲基化药物治疗骨髓增生异常综合征,并未使其预后出现根本性改变,造血干细胞移植仍是目前唯一治愈骨髓增生异常综合征的手段[2]。然而大部分患者不耐受化疗药物,对去甲基化治疗耐药,骨髓移植存在高非复发死亡率和移植物抗宿主病以及输血依赖等问题,对国民健康危害大,社会负担明显增加。
目前逆转肿瘤免疫抑制功能的细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)、程序性死亡受体1(programmed death receptor 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1(programmed death ligand 1,PD-L1)等免疫检查点在血液肿瘤及实体肿瘤治疗中取得了令人振奋的效果,肿瘤免疫治疗成为新一代有效的癌症治疗手段,在骨髓增生异常综合征中也显示出一定的优势[3]。中医药对免疫及造血调节起到增效减毒的协同作用[4-5]。研究团队既往应用名中医陈志雄教授补虚解毒法的经验方治疗骨髓增生异常综合征,亦观察到相似的疗效[6-7],然而其改善造血及免疫调节的作用机制有待进一步深入研究。为寻求更高效低毒的治疗方案,改善骨髓增生异常综合征患者的生存预后,该研究通过二甲基苯蒽诱导建立大鼠骨髓增生异常综合征模型,探讨补虚解毒经验方“活髓方”对骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠造血及免疫的影响,为临床选用活髓方提供客观依据,为中医药的扩大应用提供科学理论支持。
单因素观察分析动物实验,采用单盲法将SD大鼠随机编号分组。多组数据比较方差齐性采用单因素方差分析,方差不齐采用韦尔奇检验;组间两两数据比较采用LSD-t检验;方差不齐采用邓尼特T3检验。非正态分布采用非参数秩和检验进行组间比较。
实验于2022年1月至2023年6月在广州中医药大学三元里实验动物中心完成。
SPF级SD大鼠70只,雌雄各半,4周龄,体质量(110±10)g,由广州中医药大学实验动物中心提供,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(粤)2018-0001。实验经广州中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(伦理批号:20211104005)。实验过程遵循了国际兽医学编辑协会《关于动物伦理与福利的作者指南共识》和本地及国家法规。实验动物在麻醉下进行所有的手术,并最大限度地减少其疼痛、痛苦和死亡。
活髓方由鹿茸、人参、青黛、莪术等组成,经广州医科大学附属中医医院中药房药剂师鉴定入库。大鼠用药剂量按人60 kg的6倍计算,15 g/60 kg×6=1.5 g/kg。设置低、高剂量比为1∶4,即每天给予低、高剂量分别为1.5,6 g/kg。各种药物常规煎煮后过滤药渣,水浴蒸发至含生药0.3,1.2 g/mL,冷却置于4 ℃冰箱备用。
沙利度胺胶囊,规格:25 mg,产品批号:210407,购自苏州长征-欣凯制药有限公司;维A酸片,规格:20 mg,产品批号:210602,购自山东良福制药有限公司。沙利度胺胶囊10 mg/kg、维A酸片4 mg/kg,用0.9%氯化钠溶液配制成质量浓度分别为2,0.8 mg/mL混悬液,置于4 ℃冰箱备用。
二甲基苯蒽、胎牛血清、泊洛沙姆188购自广州威佳科技有限公司;淋巴细胞分离液、红细胞裂解液、CD3-PE/CY5.5、CD4-PE/CY7、CD8-APC、CD152-PE购自深圳市达科为生物技术股份有限公司;PD-1-FITC购自英国Biorbyt公司;PBS、1640培养基购自广州市超博科技有限公司。
TEK-VET5全自动血液分析仪购自江西特康科技有限公司;奥林巴斯BX53研究级正置显微镜购自日本OLYMPUS公司;BD LSRFortessa流式细胞分析仪购自美国BD公司;TGL-18C-C型高速台式离心机购自上海安亭科学仪器厂;Sartorius微量天平购自北京赛多利斯天平有限公司。
将70只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为5组:正常对照组10只、模型组15只、西药组15只、活髓方低剂量组15只、活髓方高剂量组15只。将二甲基苯蒽溶于灭菌后的食用橄榄油,质量浓度为43 mg/mL,添加乳化剂泊洛沙姆188(配制成50 g/L),使用超声波清洗仪充分溶解。SD大鼠适应性饲养1周后,按冯宝章等[8]造模方法,除正常对照组外,其余4组在实验第0,7,14,21天,将二甲基苯蒽按35 mg/kg剂量尾静脉注射,建立骨髓增生异常综合征大鼠模型。
在造模第14天开始给药,正常对照组、模型组给予生理盐水,西药组给予沙利度胺胶囊10 mg/kg、维A酸片4 mg/kg,中药低、高剂量组分别给予活髓方1.5,6 g/kg。每天灌胃1次,连续给药28 d。
观察各组大鼠的精神活动、出血、皮下瘀斑瘀点、皮毛光泽度、进食饮水、体质量变化等情况。
实验结束后,将大鼠用3%戊巴比妥钠(1.0-2.0 mL/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,大鼠眼内眦静脉丛采血,用全自动血液分析仪测定外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、血红蛋白和血小板水平。
抽取腹主动脉血置于肝素抗凝管中,取100 μL样本,分别加入适量的CD3、CD4、CD8、PD-1、CD152荧光抗体染色,混匀充分后避光孵育30 min,用红细胞裂解液裂解20 min,PBS冲洗,300×g离心5 min后弃上清液,再次PBS洗涤,300×g离心5 min后弃上清液,用500 μL PBS重悬沉淀,通过流式细胞仪检测各亚类细胞占淋巴细胞百分比和CTLA-4、PD-1的表达率。用FlowJo 10软件进行结果分析。
采血后用颈椎脱臼法迅速处死大鼠,取股骨骨髓组织,组织固定液固定24 h后,骨髓脱钙液脱钙,石蜡包埋、切片,瑞氏苏木精-伊红染色,显微镜下观察骨髓增生程度。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据处理与统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以表示,多组数据比较方差齐性采用单因素方差分析,方差不齐采用韦尔奇检验;组间两两数据比较采用LSD-t检验,方差不齐采用邓尼特T3检验。非正态分布以MP75-P25)表示,采用非参数秩和检验进行组间比较。P < 0.05为差异有显著性意义。文章统计学方法已经通过广州医科大学附属中医医院李子元专家审核。
第2次尾静脉注射二甲基苯蒽后,与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠逐渐精神萎靡,活动减少,被毛凌乱,四肢末端、眼球苍白,大便稀烂,第3次尾静脉注射二甲基苯蒽后出现体质量下降。与模型组相比,西药组和活髓方低、高剂量组大鼠的精神及活动状态均有改善,体质量缓慢增加。实验过程中,除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠均有死亡:模型组死亡5只,西药组死亡3只,活髓方高剂量组死亡3只,活髓方低剂量组死亡4只。
与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、血红蛋白、血小板显著降低(P < 0.05)。与模型组相比,西药组外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、血红蛋白和血小板显著升高(P < 0.05);活髓方高剂量组外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、血红蛋白显著升高(P < 0.05),血小板有升高趋势,但无统计学意义(P > 0.05);活髓方低剂量组外周血中性粒细胞绝对值、血红蛋白显著升高(P < 0.05),白细胞计数、血小板有升高趋势,但无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。西药组与活髓方高剂量组呈现出相似的疗效(P > 0.05),活髓方高、低剂量组血红蛋白呈剂量依赖性(P < 0.05),活髓方高剂量组白细胞计数和血小板水平均高于活髓方低剂量组,但无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表1。结果表明活髓方能改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的外周血象。
各组大鼠活检例数及骨髓增生程度见图1表2。瑞氏染色后,显微镜下可见正常对照组大鼠骨髓有核细胞增生活跃或明显活跃,各组疗效无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。与模型组比较,西药组及活髓方高剂量组造血面积相对增加。
与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠外周血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+表达显著降低,CD8+表达显著增高(P < 0.05),提示造模后大鼠T细胞免疫下降。与模型组比较,活髓方高剂量组与西药组显示出相似的疗效,外周血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+表达显著升高,CD8+表达显著降低(P < 0.05);活髓方低剂量组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+表达有升高趋势,CD8+表达有下降趋势,但无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明活髓方能改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的T细胞免疫,提升CD4+T细胞表达水平,上调CD4+/CD8+比例,降低CD8+T细胞表达水平,促进T细胞活化,见表3图2
与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞的PD-1和CTLA-4表达水平显著增加(P < 0.05)。CTLA-4在T细胞表面鲜有表达。与模型组比较,各药物处理组CD4+CLTA-4+、CD4+PD-1+、CD8+CLTA-4+、CD8+PD-1+的表达均有下调,除西药组CD8+CLTA-4+外,其余指标无统计学差异(P > 0.05),见表4图3
祖国医学虽未明确记载骨髓增生异常综合征这一病名,但根据其面色苍白、怠倦乏力、发热、出血等临床表现,可归类为中医“虚劳”“血证”等范畴。2008年“常见血液病中医命名规范化研讨会”上解读骨髓增生异常综合征为“髓毒劳”,其中“髓”指病位,“毒”“劳”则描述了病机和病性[9]。基于传统中医理论,该研究结合国家级名中医陈志雄、陈信义、唐旭东、周永明教授等血液疾病研究者对此病病机的深入探讨[7,10-12],认为脾肾乃先后天之本,脾肾虚损是骨髓增生异常综合征患者气血生化乏源、髓海不足、造血紊乱的根本原因,且贯穿于发病始终,同时痰瘀邪毒不仅是骨髓增生异常综合征发病的病理产物,其久留内犯骨髓也是致病因素之一。鉴于此病的病机特点,治疗策略应综合考虑标本虚实,采取健脾补肾生髓、活血化瘀解毒并举的方法[13]
中医药在治疗骨髓增生异常综合征方面已展现出治疗潜力。既往临床应用陈志雄教授经验补肾解毒法组方(党参、白术、茯苓、菟丝子、黄精、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、三七等)治疗骨髓增生异常综合征,总体反应率达78.57%[6]。此外,验方十星丹(人参、鹿角霜等,拟温肾解毒为主)联合西药、常规支持治疗18例中低危骨髓增生异常综合征患者,外周血白细胞、血红蛋白及病态造血较治疗前改善,输血依赖或输血次数较治疗前减少,总缓解率为66.7%,总反应率达88.9%,无效仅2例,临床效果良好,毒副作用不明显且耐受性好[7]。基于以上临床观察,该研究组方由十星丹化裁而来的活髓方,着重于补肾活血解毒,遣人参、鹿茸健脾补肾、补益气血、填精益髓,联合莪术、青黛等以解毒祛瘀生新,诸药合用共奏补肾益髓、解毒化瘀之功,故名“活髓”。肾主骨生髓,肾气充则髓有生发之源,源源而生;后天之脾滋养先天肾气,亦可助生髓化血;而瘀血不去、新血不生,当以活血化瘀之药味改善骨髓造血微环境、促进造血。活髓方主要成分之一人参已被证实具有多种药理作用,其提取物及活性成分人参皂苷能够通过抑制细胞凋亡保护骨髓造血功能[14],此外还显示增强免疫功能和调节肿瘤免疫原性的能力[15-16];其他成分如鹿茸、莪术、青黛等亦具有调节免疫、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性[17-21]
此外,动物实验研究证实,中药复方益髓理血饮(含熟地黄、天冬、人参、淫羊藿、黄芪等)对二甲基苯蒽诱导的骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠具有显著疗效,能够通过调节Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达减少骨髓细胞凋亡[22],改善骨髓增生和病态造血,并通过调节白细胞介素3和肿瘤坏死因子α水平优化免疫微环境,降低原始细胞比例[23]。王志晓等[24]研究的回生胶囊通过改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的病态造血和调节T淋巴细胞水平,减少肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素6释放,展现抗肿瘤效果。贾新颜等[25]的临床研究显示,三子补血汤(枸杞子、菟丝子、女贞子、黄芪、当归、仙鹤草、茜草等)联合阿扎胞苷可调节骨髓增生异常综合征患者Treg/Th17细胞比例及Foxp3/RORγt水平,促进造血细胞增殖和免疫系统改善。董萍萍等[4]发现健脾补肾解毒方可改善骨髓增生异常综合征患者辅助性T细胞/抑制T细胞比例倒置,增强免疫功能。中国中医科学院西苑医院长期应用青黄散为主的复方治疗骨髓增生异常综合征,总有效率达69.40%-93.84%,不良反应发生率低,基础研究发现其疗效机制涉及细胞凋亡、表观遗传调控和HIF1A/GATA信号通路促进红系分化[26-27]。尽管这些研究为中医药治疗骨髓增生异常综合征提供了有力的实验和临床支持,但目前该领域的实验验证仍然有限,免疫调节机制的研究仍需进一步深化。
免疫失调是骨髓增生异常综合征的一个标志性特征。骨髓增生异常综合征微环境中免疫功能受损使肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸,促使疾病的发生和维持。在骨髓增生异常综合征进展过程中,T细胞的改变会诱导自身免疫、细胞因子异常释放、免疫监视减弱或丧失,从而导致恶性克隆增殖[28-30],其中免疫检查点(如PD1/PD-L1、CTLA-4等)的失调是免疫逃避的关键机制。真实世界中,PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4均在骨髓增生异常综合征患者中过表达,导致骨髓微环境转变为免疫抑制状态,促进骨髓增生异常综合征细胞克隆演化及免疫逃逸[31-33],此时可通过阻断CTLA-4和PD-1信号通路来恢复T细胞的耗竭从而发挥抗肿瘤效应[34]。CTLA-4和PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂已经证明在骨髓增生异常综合征中具有可能的临床益处,在联合去甲基化药物或在去甲基化药物耐药患者中显示出了令人鼓舞的效果,甚至客观缓解率可达70%以上[35-37]。但ZEIDAN等[38]开展的一项2期临床试验发现,联合用药并没有比单用阿扎胞苷表现出更好的临床疗效。而另一项研究使用多重免疫荧光(mIF)的多光谱成像来分析骨髓活检切片发现[39],与正常对照相比,新发骨髓增生异常综合征患者CD8+ T细胞、CD8+PD1+ T细胞增加,但CD8+CTLA4+ T细胞减少;与低风险组相比,高危组CD8+ T细胞和CD8+PD1+T细胞增加,CD8+CTLA4+ T细胞减少,CTLA4可能不是干扰骨髓增生异常综合征免疫微环境的主要分子。此与COATS等[40]的结果相似,可能CTLA-4表达水平的增加是疾病进展至后期的一个关键步骤[32]。然而,需要更多的研究来确定免疫检查点的机制模式、与疾病进展的关系以及临床指导治疗策略。
该研究在中医药调控免疫检查点治疗实体瘤有效的背景下[41],使用中药复方活髓方对骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠进行干预,研究内容包括评估大鼠外周血细胞计数、骨髓增生程度及T淋巴细胞比例,还首次探索了中药复方对骨髓增生异常综合征模型免疫检查点分子表达的影响。根据冯宝章等[8,23]造模方法,研究结果显示,二甲基苯蒽诱导建立的骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠外周血全血细胞减少,T淋巴细胞比例下降,PD-1和CTLA-4表达水平增加。活髓方治疗后,骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的外周血细胞计数,尤其血红蛋白浓度提升,骨髓增生和造血功能得到增强。与黄玉静、夏小军等[22-24]研究认为造血改善产生积极影响相一致。同时研究发现活髓方能改善骨髓增生异常综合征模型大鼠的T细胞免疫,提升CD4+T细胞水平,上调CD4+/CD8+比例,促进T细胞活化。活髓方高剂量和低剂量组大鼠外周血CTLA4和PD-1总体表达有降低趋势,无统计学差异,结果表明活髓方可能通过下调PD-1、CTLA-4的表达,促进T细胞活化,进而达到抗肿瘤和促进造血的疗效。这一研究扩展了中医药对骨髓增生异常综合征在免疫检查点调控方面的潜在应用,为深入探索中医药在治疗骨髓增生异常综合征等血液疾病中的潜力提供了重要的实验依据。
研究的局限性:第一,研究可能未能深入探讨活髓方作用的具体分子机制和信号通路,未能全面评估活髓方对大鼠整体免疫状态的影响,包括细胞因子水平、免疫细胞活性等,可进一步深入研究;第二,2024年世界卫生组织将这些疾病重新命名为“骨髓增生异常肿瘤”,国际共识分类ICC则保留了病名“骨髓增生异常综合征”,其预后、治疗愈来愈重视相关的细胞遗传学和分子学特征,而骨髓原始细胞计数、发育异常程度仍受认可,针对此研究采用二甲基苯蒽诱导建立的骨髓增生异常综合征模型会存有一定争议,但此模型在医学研究中被广泛应用,以探讨骨髓增生异常综合征的发病及治疗策略等相关研究,可观察到病态造血、外周血细胞减少、T淋巴细胞水平变化等,与临床骨髓增生异常综合征患者有相似变化。房莹等[42]研究认为基因工程小鼠模型通常局限于研究特定关键基因对肿瘤发生发展的关系,不能完全代表肿瘤的原始特性、基因表型多样性和复杂性。今后寻找中医药治疗机制的研究新思路也可从其他角度构建骨髓增生异常综合征模型,探讨中医药克服分子遗传表型的相关问题。
  • 广州市科技厅项目(202102080138)
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2025年第29卷第36期
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doi: 10.12307/2025.558
  • 接收时间:2024-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
  • 修回日期:2024-11-05
  • 录用日期:2024-09-21
基金
Guangzhou Science and Technology Department Project(202102080138)
广州市科技厅项目(202102080138)
Guangzhou Municipal Tier-3 Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Studio Construction Project(穗卫中医[2022]3号)
广州市三级名中医工作室建设项目(穗卫中医[2022]3号)
作者信息
    1广州医科大学附属中医医院,血液科,广东省广州市 510130
    2广州医科大学附属中医医院,病理科,广东省广州市 510130

通讯作者:

戴媺,硕士,主任中医师,广州医科大学附属中医医院血液科,广东省广州市 510130
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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