Article(id=1246459855633015413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12307/2025.563, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=1734364800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-17, acceptedDate=1731427200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-13, onlineDate=1775108787686, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775108787686, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775108787686, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108787686, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246459843930903036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, year='2025', volume='29', issue='36', pageStart='7701', pageEnd='7920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775108784853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775108852483, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246460127511991019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, issueId=1246459843930903036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7776, endPage=7782, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246459857197490917, articleId=1246459855633015413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, language=EN, title=Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 promotes odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla, columnId=1246459844752986623, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, columnName=Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
BACKGROUND:

Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 (lncRNA TP53TG1) is involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of various cancer cells, but there are few reports on its role in other cells.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the effects and pathways of lncRNA TP53TG1 on the proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla.

METHODS:

Human stem cells from the apical papilla were isolated and cultured, and then transfected with lncRNA TP53TG1 overexpression lentivirus. RT-qPCR was used to detect the overexpression efficiency of lncRNA TP53TG1. Western blot assay was used to detect the relative expression levels of PI3K, AKT, ERK, P38, Smad3, and their phosphorylated proteins. Human stem cells from the apical papilla were divided into the empty lentiviral vector transfection group and the lncRNA TP53TG1 overexpression group. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining on day 5 of osteogenic induction. Formation of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red staining on day 21 of osteogenic induction. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein, Runt-related transcription factor 2, dentin matrix protein 1, and bone sialoprotein on days 3, 7, and 14 of osteogenic induction. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein and Runt-related transcription factor 2 on days 3, 7, and 14 of osteogenic induction.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) RT-qPCR results showed that the lentivirus was successfully integrated into the genome of stem cells from the apical papilla. Western blot assay results showed that overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 up-regulated the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT without affecting the expression of phosphorylated proteins in other pathways. (2) Starting from day 3 of cell culture, overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 significantly promoted the proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla. (3) In the process of inducing odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla, overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 promoted the expression of odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins, significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. (4) The results show that lncRNA TP53TG1 may promote the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

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Wu Jiayuan, MD, Chief physician, Master's supervisor, Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
He Wenxi, MD, Chief physician, Master's supervisor, Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
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背景:

长链非编码RNA TP53TG1(lncRNA TP53TG1)参与调控多种癌症细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡,但在其他细胞中的作用报道甚少。

目的:

探讨lncRNA TP53TG1对人根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖和分化的影响及途径。

方法:

分离、培养人根尖牙乳头干细胞,转染lncRNA TP53TG1过表达慢病毒,RT-qPCR检测lncRNA TP53TG1的过表达效率,Western blot检测PI3K、AKT、ERK、P38、Smad3及其磷酸化蛋白的相对表达量。将人根尖牙乳头干细胞分为慢病毒空载体组和过表达lncRNA TP53TG1组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况;成骨诱导第5天采用碱性磷酸酶染色检测碱性磷酸酶活性,成骨诱导第21天采用茜素红染色检测矿化结节形成情况;成骨诱导第3,7,14天采用RT-qPCR检测牙本质涎磷蛋白、Runt相关转录因子2、牙本质基质蛋白1、骨涎蛋白的mRNA表达水平;成骨诱导第3,7,14天采用Western blot检测牙本质涎磷蛋白和Runt相关转录因子2的蛋白表达水平。

结果与结论:

①RT-qPCR检测结果显示慢病毒成功整合到根尖牙乳头干细胞基因组中,Western blot检测结果显示,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1上调了p-PI3K、p-AKT的蛋白水平而不影响其他通路磷酸化蛋白的表达;②从细胞培养第3天开始,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1显著促进根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖;③在诱导根尖牙乳头干细胞牙源性分化过程中,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1促进成牙本质及成骨分化相关基因和蛋白的表达,碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化结节形成显著增加;④结果表明:lncRNA TP53TG1可能通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路促进根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化。

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吴家媛,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
何文喜,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科,北京市 100142
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作者贡献:

何文喜负责实验设计,吴家媛负责实验评估,郭倩负责实验指导,黎庭悦负责实验实施和论文撰写。

Li Tingyue, Master candidate, Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Stomatology, Department of Dental Pulp Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China

黎庭悦,女,1997年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔内科方向研究。

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Li Tingyue, Master candidate, Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Stomatology, Department of Dental Pulp Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China

黎庭悦,女,1997年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔内科方向研究。

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Li Tingyue, Master candidate, Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Stomatology, Department of Dental Pulp Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China

黎庭悦,女,1997年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔内科方向研究。

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图注:图A为人根尖牙乳头(黄色箭头);B为原代根尖牙乳头干细胞从组织块中爬出;C为成骨诱导21 d后茜素红染色,可见红褐色矿化结节沉积;D为成脂诱导21 d后油红O染色,可见红色脂滴形成;E为根尖牙乳头干细胞表面抗原标记物的流式细胞术鉴定结果。

, figureFileSmall=5DNOrJgxmZvQhV5Jkb9YUA==, figureFileBig=rRIK1qBVzSeM+wA8bTe5pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459871789473975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Lentivirus infection of stem cells from the apical papilla, figureFileSmall=aO4s3wQnFbJaXV/TjbBz1Q==, figureFileBig=XLXicM0Xx48dbi9rYp1BdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873362337978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=CN, label=图2, caption=慢病毒转染根尖牙乳头干细胞

图注:图A为转染空载体慢病毒组绿色荧光表达;B为转染过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒组绿色荧光表达;C为RT-qPCR检测根尖牙乳头干细胞中lncRNA TP53TG1 mRNA表达水平。aP < 0.001(n=3)。lncRNA:长链非编码RNA。

, figureFileSmall=aO4s3wQnFbJaXV/TjbBz1Q==, figureFileBig=XLXicM0Xx48dbi9rYp1BdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873475584191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of lncRNA TP53TG1 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla, figureFileSmall=UxRZiwM0A8BC9xkRQrtm6Q==, figureFileBig=xzlA+kCJQ1e+uX8RN3CQsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873580441795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=CN, label=图3, caption=lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖及成骨分化的影响

图注:图A为CCK-8检测细胞增殖第1,3,5,7天的吸光度值(n=5,aP < 0.000 1);B为碱性磷酸酶染色,标尺为500 μm;C为碱性磷酸酶活性定量分析(n=3,bP < 0.001);D为茜素红染色,标尺为500 μm;E为茜素红染色定量分析(n=5,cP < 0.000 1)。lncRNA:长链非编码RNA。

, figureFileSmall=UxRZiwM0A8BC9xkRQrtm6Q==, figureFileBig=xzlA+kCJQ1e+uX8RN3CQsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873689493707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of lncRNA TP53TG1 on odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation-related genes mRNA and protein expression levels of stem cells from the apical papilla, figureFileSmall=y1P+JsOuv83Y65PrTeI7bw==, figureFileBig=DD54EeifUui30jJwtf90zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873790157007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=CN, label=图4, caption=lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质/成骨分化相关基因及蛋白表达水平的影响

图注:n=3,aP < 0.05,bP < 0.01,cP < 0.001,dP < 0.000 1。lncRNA:长链非编码RNA;DSPP:牙本质涎磷蛋白;RUNX2:Runt相关转录因子2;DMP-1:牙本质基质蛋白1;BSP:骨涎蛋白。

, figureFileSmall=y1P+JsOuv83Y65PrTeI7bw==, figureFileBig=DD54EeifUui30jJwtf90zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459873903403220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effect of lncRNA TP53TG1 on the expression of stem cells from the apical papilla-related signaling pathway proteins, figureFileSmall=e15Uq3xc6IlJyydq5mhUTw==, figureFileBig=BW3C8CZ2MEwwXJA1vvuEtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459874016649437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=CN, label=图5, caption=lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞相关信号通路蛋白表达的影响

图注:n=3,aP < 0.05。lncRNA:长链非编码RNA。

, figureFileSmall=e15Uq3xc6IlJyydq5mhUTw==, figureFileBig=BW3C8CZ2MEwwXJA1vvuEtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246459874142478561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列(5’-3’)
GAPDHF:GGA GTC CAC TGG CGT CTT CA
 R:GTC ATG AGT CCT TCC ACG ATA CC
lncRNA TP53TG1F:GAG CTG TCC TAA CTC TGC GG
 R:GAG GGT TGG GTA CCT TCG TG
DSPPF:GCA TTT GGG CAG TAG CAT GG
 R:CAC TGG CAT TTA ACT CAT CCT GT
RUNX2F:TGG TTA CTG TCA TGG CGG GTA
 R:TCT CAG ATC GTT GAA CCT TGC TA
DMP-1F:TGT CTC AGG TGA GAA GAG GAA TG
 R:ACC CTT CCA TTC TTC AGA ATC C
BSPF:GGA CTG CCA GAG GAA GCA AT
 R:TGC CCT GAA CTG GAA ATC GT
), ArticleFig(id=1246459874268307688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415837536497731, articleId=1246459855633015413, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列(5’-3’)
GAPDHF:GGA GTC CAC TGG CGT CTT CA
 R:GTC ATG AGT CCT TCC ACG ATA CC
lncRNA TP53TG1F:GAG CTG TCC TAA CTC TGC GG
 R:GAG GGT TGG GTA CCT TCG TG
DSPPF:GCA TTT GGG CAG TAG CAT GG
 R:CAC TGG CAT TTA ACT CAT CCT GT
RUNX2F:TGG TTA CTG TCA TGG CGG GTA
 R:TCT CAG ATC GTT GAA CCT TGC TA
DMP-1F:TGT CTC AGG TGA GAA GAG GAA TG
 R:ACC CTT CCA TTC TTC AGA ATC C
BSPF:GGA CTG CCA GAG GAA GCA AT
 R:TGC CCT GAA CTG GAA ATC GT
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长链非编码RNA TP53TG1促进根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化
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黎庭悦 1, 2, 3 , 郭倩 2 , 何文喜 3 , 吴家媛 1
中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025,29(36): 7776-7782
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中国组织工程研究 | 研究原著 2025, 29(36): 7776-7782
长链非编码RNA TP53TG1促进根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化
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黎庭悦1, 2, 3, 郭倩2, 何文喜3, 吴家媛1
作者信息
  • 1遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 2军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,陕西省口腔医学重点实验室,空军军医大学第三附属医院牙体牙髓病科,陕西省西安市 710032
  • 3空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科,北京市 100142
  • Li Tingyue, Master candidate, Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Stomatology, Department of Dental Pulp Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China

    黎庭悦,女,1997年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔内科方向研究。

通讯作者:

吴家媛,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
何文喜,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科,北京市 100142
Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 promotes odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla
Tingyue Li1, 2, 3, Qian Guo2, Wenxi He3, Jiayuan Wu1
Affiliations
  • 1Stomatological Medical School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Stomatology, Department of Dental Pulp Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
  • 3Department of Stomatology, Special Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.12307/2025.563
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背景:

长链非编码RNA TP53TG1(lncRNA TP53TG1)参与调控多种癌症细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡,但在其他细胞中的作用报道甚少。

目的:

探讨lncRNA TP53TG1对人根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖和分化的影响及途径。

方法:

分离、培养人根尖牙乳头干细胞,转染lncRNA TP53TG1过表达慢病毒,RT-qPCR检测lncRNA TP53TG1的过表达效率,Western blot检测PI3K、AKT、ERK、P38、Smad3及其磷酸化蛋白的相对表达量。将人根尖牙乳头干细胞分为慢病毒空载体组和过表达lncRNA TP53TG1组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况;成骨诱导第5天采用碱性磷酸酶染色检测碱性磷酸酶活性,成骨诱导第21天采用茜素红染色检测矿化结节形成情况;成骨诱导第3,7,14天采用RT-qPCR检测牙本质涎磷蛋白、Runt相关转录因子2、牙本质基质蛋白1、骨涎蛋白的mRNA表达水平;成骨诱导第3,7,14天采用Western blot检测牙本质涎磷蛋白和Runt相关转录因子2的蛋白表达水平。

结果与结论:

①RT-qPCR检测结果显示慢病毒成功整合到根尖牙乳头干细胞基因组中,Western blot检测结果显示,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1上调了p-PI3K、p-AKT的蛋白水平而不影响其他通路磷酸化蛋白的表达;②从细胞培养第3天开始,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1显著促进根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖;③在诱导根尖牙乳头干细胞牙源性分化过程中,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1促进成牙本质及成骨分化相关基因和蛋白的表达,碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化结节形成显著增加;④结果表明:lncRNA TP53TG1可能通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路促进根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化。

根尖牙乳头干细胞  /  长链非编码RNA  /  lncRNA TP53TG1  /  病毒转染  /  成牙本质向分化  /  PI3K/AKT信号通路  /  工程化干细胞
BACKGROUND:

Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 (lncRNA TP53TG1) is involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of various cancer cells, but there are few reports on its role in other cells.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the effects and pathways of lncRNA TP53TG1 on the proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla.

METHODS:

Human stem cells from the apical papilla were isolated and cultured, and then transfected with lncRNA TP53TG1 overexpression lentivirus. RT-qPCR was used to detect the overexpression efficiency of lncRNA TP53TG1. Western blot assay was used to detect the relative expression levels of PI3K, AKT, ERK, P38, Smad3, and their phosphorylated proteins. Human stem cells from the apical papilla were divided into the empty lentiviral vector transfection group and the lncRNA TP53TG1 overexpression group. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining on day 5 of osteogenic induction. Formation of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red staining on day 21 of osteogenic induction. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein, Runt-related transcription factor 2, dentin matrix protein 1, and bone sialoprotein on days 3, 7, and 14 of osteogenic induction. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein and Runt-related transcription factor 2 on days 3, 7, and 14 of osteogenic induction.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

(1) RT-qPCR results showed that the lentivirus was successfully integrated into the genome of stem cells from the apical papilla. Western blot assay results showed that overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 up-regulated the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT without affecting the expression of phosphorylated proteins in other pathways. (2) Starting from day 3 of cell culture, overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 significantly promoted the proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla. (3) In the process of inducing odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla, overexpression of lncRNA TP53TG1 promoted the expression of odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins, significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. (4) The results show that lncRNA TP53TG1 may promote the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

stem cell from the apical papilla  /  long noncoding RNA  /  lncRNA TP53TG1  /  virus transfection  /  dentinogenesis  /  PI3K/AKT signaling pathway  /  engineered stem cell
黎庭悦, 郭倩, 何文喜, 吴家媛. 长链非编码RNA TP53TG1促进根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化. 中国组织工程研究, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7776 -7782 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.563
Tingyue Li, Qian Guo, Wenxi He, Jiayuan Wu. Long noncoding RNA TP53TG1 promotes odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025 , 29 (36) : 7776 -7782 . DOI: 10.12307/2025.563
牙根是使牙能稳定存在于牙槽骨的主要结构[1],但在新生牙萌出后3-5年牙根才能逐渐发育完成,在牙根发育完全之前的牙称为年轻恒牙[2],而多种疾病如龋病、牙创伤等可能导致年轻恒牙的牙根发育提前终止[3]。近年来基于牙源性干细胞的再生治疗为重启年轻恒牙牙根发育进程提供可能[4]。2006年,SONOYAMA等首次从人牙根尖分离出根尖牙乳头干细胞,随后证实了根尖牙乳头干细胞具有迁移到牙根并分化为成牙细胞的能力,根尖牙乳头干细胞也被认为是组织工程与再生医学中的重要牙源性干细胞[5-6]
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是指一类不编码蛋白质,RNA转录本长度大于200个核苷酸的小分子结构[7],作为基因表达和细胞功能调节因子而受到广泛关注[8]。lncRNA与多种牙组织来源干细胞增殖和分化之间存在关联,例如CHEN等[9]首次使用微阵列分析鉴定出多种lncRNA在人牙髓干细胞牙源性分化过程中的调控机制;lncRNA MALAT1加速牙周韧带干细胞的成骨分化[10];而lncRNA SNHG8是牙周韧带干细胞成骨分化的负向调控因子[11]。lncRNA对根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖行为及牙源性分化的影响及具体机制仍少见报道。
lncRNA TP53TG1首次在结肠癌细胞系中发现是TP53诱导的基因[12],在多种癌症相关细胞中发挥作用。例如,LU等[13]发现TP53TG1通过激活ERK信号通路诱导肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移,敲低TP53TG1有助于肝癌治疗药物发挥肿瘤抑制效应[14];ZHANG等[15]则认为在肝癌细胞中TP53TG1通过降解PRDX4介导WNT/β-catenin信号通路失活发挥肿瘤抑制作用。此外,TP53TG1通过充当miR-96和miR-33a-5p分子海绵促进胰腺导管腺癌和宫颈癌的发展[16-17]。这些结果表明lncRNA TP53TG1有着高度的细胞和组织特异性作用。此前有研究报道在炎症浸润的人牙髓组织中发现高表达lncRNA TP53TG1,lncRNA TP53TG1在诱导牙髓干细胞向成牙本质细胞分化过程中表达上调,并通过靶向miRNA/Smad3、JNK1/2信号轴调控牙髓干细胞增殖、迁移及细胞周期[18]。但lncRNA TP53TG1是否调控根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖及成牙本质/成骨分化?其细胞内分子机制如何?目前国内外尚未见报道。为验证lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞功能的调控作用,该研究通过体外实验阐明lncRNA TP53TG1调控根尖修复反应的分子机制,为临床上重启根尖发育与牙髓再生提供新的治疗策略。
细胞学体外实验。
实验于2022年6月至2024年6月在陕西省军事口腔医学国家重点实验室牙体牙髓病科完成。
实验经空军军医大学第三附属医院伦理委员会批准(伦理批件号:IRB-REV-2022067),经患者及家属知情同意后,收集口腔颌面外科门诊14-20岁因正畸需求或阻生拔除的根尖发育未完全的健康前磨牙及第三磨牙。
胎牛血清(浙江天杭生物);0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA、α-MEM培养液(美国Gibco);青霉素-链霉素(美国MCE);β-甘油磷酸钠、抗坏血酸、地塞米松(美国Sigma);人相关干细胞成脂、成软骨诱导分化试剂盒(广州赛业生物);碱性磷酸酶显色试剂盒、Western封闭液、抗体稀释液(上海碧云天);1%茜素红S染液(北京索莱宝);10%SDS-PAGE凝胶配置试剂盒(美国Bio-Rad);牙本质涎磷蛋白(dentin sialophosphoprotein,DSPP)、Runt相关转录因子2(runt-related protein 2,RUNX2)、GAPDH抗体(美国Santa);lncRNA TP53TG1过表达慢病毒、空载慢病毒(中国汉恒生物);倒置荧光显微镜、倒置相差显微镜(日本Olympus)。
收集因正畸或者阻生拔除的14-20岁带有根尖牙乳头的恒牙,用含1%青霉素-链霉素的PBS清洗后使用无菌组织剪分离根尖牙乳头,剪碎至1 mm3,加入500 μL质量浓度为4 mg/mL的Ⅰ型胶原酶消化15 min,用含体积分数10%胎牛血清的α-MEM培养基终止消化,用含体积分数20%胎牛血清的α-MEM培养基重悬后接种于6孔板,置于37 ℃、体积分数5% CO2培养箱中培养,3 d后换液,待细胞从组织块中爬出,以有限稀释法进行克隆化培养[19-22]
选取对数生长期的第3代根尖牙乳头干细胞,以1×105/孔的密度接种于6孔板中,用含体积分数10%胎牛血清的α-MEM培养基培养,待细胞融合度达70%后更换成骨、成脂诱导液培养,每3 d换液1次,连续诱导21 d后进行茜素红染色和油红O染色,倒置相差显微镜下采集图像。
选取对数生长期的第3代根尖牙乳头干细胞,以1×106的细胞数接种于10 cm培养皿中,待细胞生长至80%融合时,用胰蛋白酶消化,PBS重悬,将细胞收集于EP管中,再分别加入荧光素标记的CD105-PE、CD34-FITC、CD45-FITC、CD29-PE、CD90-PE、STRO-1-PE抗体,避光孵育30 min,流式细胞仪上机检测。
选取对数生长期的第3代根尖牙乳头干细胞,以1×105/孔的密度接种于6孔板中,设置空载体组和过表达lncRNA TP53TG1组,待细胞生长至60%汇合度时,更换不含血清的α-MEM培养基,以MOI=50转染空载体慢病毒或lncRNA TP53TG1过表达慢病毒,4 h后更换完全培养基继续培养24 h,以1.5 μg/mL嘌呤霉素筛选稳定转染细胞,转染72 h后,倒置荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光,RT-qPCR检测lncRNA TP53TG1的过表达效率。
将成功转染空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒的根尖牙乳头干细胞以3×103/孔密度接种于96孔板中,用含体积分数10%胎牛血清的α-MEM培养基于37 ℃、体积分数5% CO2培养箱中培养,分别于培养1,3,5,7 d加入10 μL CCK-8试剂后继续避光培养2 h,酶标仪检测450 nm处各孔吸光度值。
将成功转染空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒的根尖牙乳头干细胞以1×105/孔密度接种于6孔板中,待细胞生长至70%汇合度时,更换成骨诱导液连续诱导5 d后,PBS清洗,40 g/L多聚甲醛固定30 min,按照碧云天碱性磷酸酶染色试剂盒说明书配置BCIP/NBT混合试剂,每孔加入1 mL混合试剂染色1 h,倒置相差显微镜下拍照,然后加入细胞裂解液提取蛋白样本,根据碧云天碱性磷酸酶活性检测试剂盒说明书在96孔板中设置标准品孔以及样品孔,每组设置5个副孔,37 ℃孵育10 min,酶标仪检测450 nm处吸光度值,计算各组碱性磷酸酶活性。
将成功转染空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒的根尖牙乳头干细胞以1×105/孔密度接种于6孔板中,待细胞生长至70%汇合度时,更换成骨诱导液连续诱导21 d后,PBS清洗,40 g/L多聚甲醛固定30 min,每孔加入1 mL茜素红染色液(pH=4.2)避光染色10 min,倒置相差显微镜下观察矿化结节形成情况,然后用PBS清洗,每孔加入1 mL配置好的10%氯化十六烷基吡啶溶液,在37 ℃培养箱中直至矿化结节完全溶解,在96孔板中每孔加入100 μL溶解产物,每组设置5个副孔,酶标仪检测562 nm处吸光度值。
将成功转染空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒的根尖牙乳头干细胞以1×105/孔密度接种于6孔板中,待细胞生长至70%汇合度时,更换成骨诱导液连续诱导3,7,14 d后,采用Trizol法分别提取各组细胞的总RNA,分光光度计检测RNA浓度,无酶水调整RNA质量浓度至500 μg/mL,根据反转录试剂盒说明书,依次加入4 μL反转录酶、4 μL总RNA、12 μL无酶水配置20 μL反转录体系,以25 ℃,10 min;42 ℃,15 min;85 ℃,5 min;降温至10 ℃在PCR仪上反转录获得cDNA;根据SYBR Green PCR试剂盒说明书,依次加入10 μL含Rox Reference Dye的Master Mix、0.5 μL上游引物、0.5 μL下游引物、5 μL cDNA和4 μL无酶水配置20 μL扩增体系,在ABI 7500实时荧光定量PCR仪上以95 ℃,10 min;95 ℃,15 s循环40次;60 ℃,1 min进行扩增。以GAPDH为内参,根据公式2-ΔΔCT计算lncRNA TP53TG1、DSPP、RUNX2、牙本质基质蛋白1(dentin matrix protein 1,DMP-1)、骨涎蛋白(bone sialoprotein,BSP)mRNA相对表达量。引物序列见表1
将成功转染空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1慢病毒的根尖牙乳头干细胞以1×105密度接种于6孔板中,待细胞生长至70%汇合度时,更换成骨诱导液连续诱导3,7,14 d后,PBS清洗,每孔加入200 μL含有蛋白酶抑制剂和磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液裂解细胞,超声破碎仪破碎10 s,12 000 r/min离心20 min后收集上清,根据BCA蛋白定量试剂盒说明书检测蛋白质浓度,与5×Loading buffer按1∶4比例混合后95 ℃加热变性,配置10% SDS凝胶,15 μg蛋白样本以恒压250 V,30 min电泳,以恒流400 mA,70 min转膜,TBST清洗,用封闭液室温封闭30 min,加入DSPP(1∶1 000)、RUNX2(1∶1 000)、GAPDH(1∶8 000)一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜,TBST清洗,加入二抗(1∶5 000),室温摇床上孵育1 h,TBST清洗,ECL发光液浸泡,BIO-RAD成像系统显影,Image J软件进行灰度值分析。
另外,收集转染慢病毒48 h后空载体组和lncRNA TP53TG1过表达组的蛋白样本,以上述方式检测PI3K、AKT、ERK、P38、Smad3及其磷酸化蛋白的相对表达量。
过表达lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖、分化能力及相关信号通路分子表达水平的影响。
使用GraphPad Prism 9.5.0软件进行统计学分析和绘图,以描述计量资料,采用独立样本t检验计算统计学差异,P < 0.05为差异有显著性意义。文章统计学方法已经通过遵义医科大学统计学专家审核。
收集根尖孔未闭合完全的年轻恒牙,根尖部可见质地坚韧的根尖牙乳头组织(图1A)。组织块消化培养5 d后,镜下可见梭形细胞从组织块中央呈放射状爬出,即为原代根尖牙乳头干细胞(图1B)。根尖牙乳头干细胞经成骨诱导21 d后,茜素红染色镜下可观察到红褐色矿化结节沉积(图1C);经成脂诱导21 d后,油红O染色镜下可见红色脂滴形成(图1D),表明获得的根尖牙乳头干细胞具有多向分化潜能。流式细胞术结果显示,根尖牙乳头干细胞高表达间充质干细胞标志物CD29、CD105、CD90和STRO-1,而不表达造血干细胞标志物CD34、CD45(图1E),符合根尖牙乳头干细胞免疫表型特点。
利用慢病毒转染技术,将携带绿色荧光标签的空载体慢病毒或过表达lncRNA TP53TG1的慢病毒转染至根尖牙乳头干细胞,24 h后通过嘌呤霉素筛选慢病毒感染成功的根尖牙乳头干细胞,72 h后通过荧光显微镜观察到两组均强烈表达绿色荧光(图2AB)。此外,相比于空载体慢病毒组,lncRNA TP53TG1过表达组根尖牙乳头干细胞中lncRNA TP53TG1 mRNA表达显著增高(图2CP < 0.001),可用于后续实验。
使用CCK-8法检测过表达lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖的影响。结果显示,从第3天开始,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1显著增强根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖能力(图3AP < 0.000 1)。碱性磷酸酶染色结果显示,与空载体组相比,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1组形成颜色更深的蓝紫色沉淀(图3B),碱性磷酸酶活性检测结果也显示过表达lncRNA TP53TG1显著增强根尖牙乳头干细胞中碱性磷酸酶活性(图3CP < 0.001)。茜素红染色结果显示lncRNA TP53TG1过表达组根尖牙乳头干细胞形成更多的红褐色矿化结节(图3DEP < 0.000 1)。
RT-qPCR结果显示,矿化诱导3,7,14 d,与空载体组相比,lncRNA TP53TG1过表达组根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质向分化相关基因DSPP和DMP-1以及成骨向分化相关基因BSP和RUNX2的mRNA表达水平上调(P < 0.05)。同时,Western blot结果显示,矿化诱导7,14 d,与空载体组相比,lncRNA TP53TG1过表达组DSPP和RUNX2的蛋白表达水平也上调,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),见图4
Western blot结果显示,与空载体组相比,过表达lncRNA TP53TG1后多条信号通路总蛋白表达水平基本相同,但PI3K及AKT的磷酸化蛋白水平升高(P < 0.05),而ERK1/2、p38、Smad3磷酸化蛋白的表达并未表现出有统计学差异(P > 0.05),见图5,提示lncRNA TP53TG1可通过上调根尖牙乳头干细胞中PI3K及AKT的磷酸化水平而激活PI3K/AKT信号通路。
目前已知的大多数lncRNA没有明确功能,但许多研究证实lncRNA与基因转录的调控有关[23],这些lncRNA或是在空间上与相邻的mRNA直接作用,或是参与转录本的起始、延伸以及加工过程等,从而调节邻近基因的转录[24]。重要的是,不同lncRNA的表型可以导致其靶基因沉默或表达增加。例如,lncRNA TUG1和lncRNA MALAT1分别与生长控制基因启动子上甲基化和未甲基化的Polycomb小体结合,实现其下游基因在抑制环境和激活环境之间的转变[25]。事实上,多数研究都支持lncRNA在牙源性干细胞成牙本质/成骨向分化过程中的正向调控作用[26-30]
该研究选择一种与根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖及分化相关的长链非编码RNA即lncRNA TP53TG1。通过转染慢病毒获得高表达lncRNA TP53TG1的人根尖牙乳头干细胞,CCK-8实验证实过表达lncRNA TP53TG1显著促进根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖,这与LU等[13]在肝细胞癌细胞中获得的结果相一致。然后探讨了lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞成牙本质及成骨分化的调控作用。DSPP、DMP-1、RUNX2、BSP是常用于测定牙本质组织分化与矿化的标志物[31]。DSPP是维持牙母细胞谱系分化以及形成正常的牙本质厚度和矿物质密度所必需的[32];DMP-1是一种在牙本质和骨骼中发现的非胶原基质蛋白,参与牙体硬组织的发育及矿化过程,在牙生成的早期和晚期都具有重要意义[33];RUNX2是骨骼发育的基本转录因子,与牙齿发育后期的矿化组织形成密切相关,并调节牙槽骨重塑过程[34];BSP仅存在于矿化组织中,在羟基磷灰石形成的初始阶段发挥作用,并在修复性牙本质生成过程中激活和表达[35]。该研究结果显示过表达lncRNA TP53TG1的根尖牙乳头干细胞在矿化诱导3,7,14 d时DSPP、DMP-1、RUNX2、BSP的表达显著上调,碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化结节形成明显增加,表明lncRNA TP53TG1在根尖牙乳头干细胞向成牙本质细胞及成骨细胞分化的不同阶段具有正向调节作用。
细胞在受到外源性及内源性刺激时能快速激发多种信号转导途径,通过激活胞质及胞核内磷酸化底物来参与细胞生命活动,包括细胞增殖、迁移、定向分化以及转录和翻译活动[36-37]。此前文献报道多种信号通路参与调节根尖牙乳头干细胞的牙源性分化过程[38-42],例如雌激素通过激活ERK和JNK/MAPK信号通路刺激患有牙髓感染的根尖组织中根尖牙乳头干细胞的分化,以恢复中断的根发育[43];而甲状旁腺激素则通过激活JNK和P38 MAPK通路影响根尖牙乳头干细胞分化标志物的表达[44];绿茶的天然成分EGCG通过上调Smad1/5/9磷酸化水平激活Smad信号通路促进根尖牙乳头干细胞的成牙本质/成骨分化[45];抗菌肽LL-37和乙酰水杨酸通过上调AKT的磷酸化水平加速根尖牙乳头干细胞体外牙源性分化,这与该研究结果一致[46-47]。PI3K/AKT通路是在调节细胞代谢和各种类型细胞分化过程中非常重要的细胞内信号通路,其下游基因(如RUNX2、碱性磷酸酶和GSK3)与成骨分化有关[48]。值得注意的是,TANAKA等[49]利用小干扰RNA特异性抑制AKT表达以及PI3K抑制剂LY294002增强了根尖牙乳头干细胞的体内和体外成骨/牙本质分化能力,但PI3K抑制剂对根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖没有影响[50]。此研究分析了过表达lncRNA TP53TG1对根尖牙乳头干细胞中ERK/P38 MAPK、PI3K/AKT以及Smad3通路蛋白分子及其磷酸化水平的影响,结果发现过表达lncRNA TP53TG1增强了根尖牙乳头干细胞中PI3K及AKT的磷酸化水平而不影响MAPK及Smad3信号通路。结合上述研究结果,作者推测lncRNA TP53TG1通过上调根尖牙乳头干细胞中PI3K及AKT的磷酸化水平从而促进根尖牙乳头干细胞体外成牙本质/成骨分化,这些数据表明lncRNA TP53TG1是根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖及牙源性分化的重要调节因子,在这一过程中可能涉及到PI3K/AKT信号通路的调控。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82460190)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般638)
  • 北京市自然科学基金项目(7242140)
  • 陕西自然科学基础研究计划-重点项目(2022JZ-42)
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2025年第29卷第36期
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doi: 10.12307/2025.563
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
  • 修回日期:2024-12-17
  • 录用日期:2024-11-13
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82460190)
国家自然科学基金项目(82460190)
Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般638)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般638)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7242140)
北京市自然科学基金项目(7242140)
Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Plan - Key Project(2022JZ-42)
陕西自然科学基础研究计划-重点项目(2022JZ-42)
作者信息
    1遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
    2军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,陕西省口腔医学重点实验室,空军军医大学第三附属医院牙体牙髓病科,陕西省西安市 710032
    3空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科,北京市 100142

通讯作者:

吴家媛,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省遵义市 563000
何文喜,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科,北京市 100142
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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