Article(id=1248601955698888760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)08-0724-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1680451200000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619504141, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1713715200000, pubDateStr=2024-04-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619504141, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619504141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619504141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248601950581842932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='657', pageEnd='754', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619502920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775620003727, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=724, endPage=731, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248601956067987526, articleId=1248601955698888760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Berberine Hydrochloride Resin Complex Lyophilized Oral Disintegration Tablets, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare berberinehydrochloride resincomplex for good taste-masking effectof lyophilized oraldisintegration tablets using berberine hydrochloride as a model drug and using Kyron-T114 as the drug-loaded resin. METHODS The drug-resin composites were prepared by using the static method. Then drawn the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic curves to study the adsorption mechanism of the resin. Afterwards, the characteristic of the berberine hydrochloride resin complex was studied by using the SEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Finally, prepared the oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride and its resin complex by using the lyophilized extrusion technology. Next, studied the in vitro release experiments and evaluated the effect of masking taste. RESULTS According to the research, a berberine hydrochloride-resin complex with the drug loaded of 43.04% was prepared. And the analysis showed that the adsorption of the drug on the resin was the multilayered chemical adsorption. The dissolution of berberine hydrochloride's powder is mainly affected by the solubility of berberine hydrochloride. Moreover, the dissolution mechanism is mainly based on Fick diffusion. The dissolution of berberine hydrochloride's powder is mainly affected by the pH of the solution, along with the concentration and the type of the ion in the solution. In artificial gastric juice, the drug dissociates rapidly from the resin. So the film diffusion was the rate-limiting step for dissolution. On the contrary, the drug dissociated slowly in the water, artificial saliva, artificial intestinal fluids including pH 4.5 and pH 6.8. So the particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step for dissolution. Besides, the dissolution of lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of drug-resin complexes in artificial saliva was significantly lower than that of berberine hydrochloride oral disintegration tablets. Lastly, the results from sensory evaluation and electronic tongue detection proved that the lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride-resin compound has good taste masking effect. CONCLUSION Berberine hydrochloride resin complex lyophilized mouth collapse has good taste masking effect. Moreover, the drug-resin complex prepared by Kyron-T114, a weak cation exchange resin, is beneficial to improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs in artificial gastric juice, thereby improving their oral bioavailability. Thus, it can provide a new idea for the taste masking of traditional Chinese medicine.

, correspAuthors=Jundong DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoyan ZHU, Jundong DAI, Pengchuan GUO, Shiyue WU, Qiren ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248601959314378993, articleId=1248601955698888760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片的制备及质量评价, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以盐酸小檗碱为模型药物,Kyron-T114为载药树脂,制备盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物以实现对冻干口崩片的良好掩味效果。方法 采用静态制备法,制备药物树脂复合物,绘制吸附等温线、吸附动力学曲线研究树脂的吸附机理,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱法(FTIR)对制得的树脂复合物进行物性表征。采用冻干赋型技术,制备盐酸小檗碱与树脂复合物口腔崩解片,对其体外溶出度研究与掩味效果进行评价。结果 制得的盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物载药量为43.04%,药物在树脂上的吸附为多分子层的化学吸附。盐酸小檗碱粉末的溶出主要受溶解度的影响,其溶出机制以Fick扩散为主。树脂复合物粉末的溶出主要受溶液pH和离子浓度及种类影响,人工胃液中,药物从树脂中快速解离,薄膜扩散成为溶出的限速步骤;水、人工唾液、pH 4.5和pH 6.8的人工肠液中药物解离速度较慢,粒子扩散成为溶出的限速步骤。树脂复合物冻干口崩片在人工唾液中的溶出显著低于盐酸小檗碱冻干口崩片,经感官评价与电子舌检测,证明其具有良好的矫味效果。结论 盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片掩味效果较好,且弱阳离子交换树脂Kyron-T114制备的树脂复合物有利于改善难溶性药物在人工胃液中的溶出,进而改善其口服生物利用度,为中药的掩味提供新的思路。

, correspAuthors=戴俊东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*戴俊东,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:分子药剂学与新型给药系统 Tel:(010)53912123
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朱笑颜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:分子药剂学与新型给药系统

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DOI: 10.3390/nu14010144., articleTitle=Higher serum total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with increased mortality among incident peritoneal dialysis patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073240136684097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073240140878403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, companyId=1249073240136684097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073240149267012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, companyId=1249073240136684097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1249073244536509100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The absorption isotherm of berberine hydrochloride. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=byw6DVAGXvgroNG1jixYEw==, figureFileBig=0v9CT7IpuO8Bb4ZeSl/9KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073244628783792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图1, caption=盐酸小檗碱的吸附等温线. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=byw6DVAGXvgroNG1jixYEw==, figureFileBig=0v9CT7IpuO8Bb4ZeSl/9KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246210036403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The adsorption kinetic curves of berberine hydrochloride. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=tqJgIuDMorcU21Jlp6rTTw==, figureFileBig=kUD76OASGvhAYHSxpQSKDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246340059828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图2, caption=盐酸小檗碱吸附动力学曲线. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=tqJgIuDMorcU21Jlp6rTTw==, figureFileBig=kUD76OASGvhAYHSxpQSKDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246461694648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The analysis graphs of Scanning electron microscope for the berberine hydrochloride resin complex(×1600)

A-berberine hydrochloride; B-ion exchange resin; C-physical mixture; D-drug-resin complex.

, figureFileSmall=U8czNt5ljb9pqOAzBvECOA==, figureFileBig=hV44N8DnK5Q/SUKPrHey6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246583329468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图3, caption=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物扫描电镜(SEM)分析图(×1600)

A-盐酸小檗碱;B-空白树脂;C-盐酸小檗碱与树脂的物理混合物;D-盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物。

, figureFileSmall=U8czNt5ljb9pqOAzBvECOA==, figureFileBig=hV44N8DnK5Q/SUKPrHey6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246654632640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The scans of DSC for the berberine hydrochloride resin complex

A-berberine hydrochloride; B-ion exchange resin; C-physical mixture; D-drug-resin complex.

, figureFileSmall=oi+ojdTJxAJkuniFBushLA==, figureFileBig=fdDQKle8cit6rh4d0IHtRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246751101637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图4, caption=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物差示扫描量热(DSC)图

A-盐酸小檗碱;B-空白树脂;C-盐酸小檗碱与树脂的物理混合物;D-盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物。

, figureFileSmall=oi+ojdTJxAJkuniFBushLA==, figureFileBig=fdDQKle8cit6rh4d0IHtRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246843376327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The analysis graphs for XRD for the berberine hydrochloride resin complex

A-berberine hydrochloride; B-ion exchange resin; C-physical mixture; D-drug-resin complex.

, figureFileSmall=q9DuMWC3wxMhiVI4LaRMWw==, figureFileBig=6vMtZCmWAduJqrqRE+CD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246906290889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图5, caption=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物X-粉末衍射(XRD)图

A-盐酸小檗碱;B-空白树脂;C-盐酸小檗碱与树脂的物理混合物;D-盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物。

, figureFileSmall=q9DuMWC3wxMhiVI4LaRMWw==, figureFileBig=6vMtZCmWAduJqrqRE+CD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073246973399755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The graphs of FTIR of the berberine hydrochloride resin complex

A-berberine hydrochloride; B-ion exchange resin; C-physical mixture; D-drug-resin complex.

, figureFileSmall=sjLRSxwmGW3RKXlNsFJqfA==, figureFileBig=nNpX/VaRdbx4Qq7ln2+ILw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247069868750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图6, caption=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物红外光谱(FTIR)图

A-盐酸小檗碱;B-空白树脂;C-盐酸小檗碱与树脂的物理混合物;D-盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物。

, figureFileSmall=sjLRSxwmGW3RKXlNsFJqfA==, figureFileBig=nNpX/VaRdbx4Qq7ln2+ILw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247136977617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The appearance of lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride(A) and drug resin complex(B), figureFileSmall=dFjwhAzjQQHsqzq2MkCbXw==, figureFileBig=LtCnbRvAUmjmsUj8j1/D4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247204086484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图7, caption=盐酸小檗碱(A)及其树脂复合物(B)冻干口崩片外观图, figureFileSmall=dFjwhAzjQQHsqzq2MkCbXw==, figureFileBig=LtCnbRvAUmjmsUj8j1/D4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247262806743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The dissolution results of the powders of berberine hydrochloride. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=W3PbYWA2YWxt655mq0keJA==, figureFileBig=i7tZYszUVvu77SCBpNIM7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247317332698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图8, caption=盐酸小檗碱粉末溶出结果. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=W3PbYWA2YWxt655mq0keJA==, figureFileBig=i7tZYszUVvu77SCBpNIM7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247392830174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The dissolution results of the powders of berberine hydrochloride resin complex. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=WBPAtHP8+g46599DvtUwNQ==, figureFileBig=iPxa4H+o5JzopFh2Q2jEVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247468327648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图9, caption=盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物粉末溶出结果. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=WBPAtHP8+g46599DvtUwNQ==, figureFileBig=iPxa4H+o5JzopFh2Q2jEVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247543825122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The dissolution results of the drug in artificial saliva. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=4cT21jhwFl0LXVLZQXtO8Q==, figureFileBig=KB0iGY/NoaxFJlEfhNQ+Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247640294115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图10, caption=药物在人工唾液中溶出结果. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=4cT21jhwFl0LXVLZQXtO8Q==, figureFileBig=KB0iGY/NoaxFJlEfhNQ+Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247711597285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The dissolution results of the drug of 1-2 min in artificial saliva. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

1)P<0.05;2)P<0.01;3)P<0.001, comparison among groups.

, figureFileSmall=ikQJCSCLh8d7QcMF7pszsA==, figureFileBig=KRh3nl8H2zhvR7iGO6x+bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247795483367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图11, caption=1~2 min药物在人工唾液溶出结果. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

组间相比,1)P<0.05;2)P<0.01;3)P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=ikQJCSCLh8d7QcMF7pszsA==, figureFileBig=KRh3nl8H2zhvR7iGO6x+bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247883563753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The dissolution results of the drug in artificial gastric juice. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=MHn+xh/X5TmHWLYsg669gw==, figureFileBig=5aCrVkXmMC22RN+ky9esDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247959061228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图12, caption=药物在人工胃液溶出结果. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=MHn+xh/X5TmHWLYsg669gw==, figureFileBig=5aCrVkXmMC22RN+ky9esDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248076501743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=The PCA of electronic tongue detection response value of the standard solution of berberine hydrochloride

A-the PCA of electronic tongue detection response value; B-the value of PC1 of the standard; PC1-Principal component 1; PC2-Principal component 2.

, figureFileSmall=jaR2ZB20Viwe5KeekUiJYA==, figureFileBig=Lac7bW9qpDMzbYiIaJ6ASg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248198136562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图13, caption=盐酸小檗碱标准溶液电子舌检测响应值PCA分析

A-电子舌响应值PCA图; B-盐酸小檗碱标准溶液PC1值;PC1-主成分1;PC2-主成分2。

, figureFileSmall=jaR2ZB20Viwe5KeekUiJYA==, figureFileBig=Lac7bW9qpDMzbYiIaJ6ASg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248323965685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=The PCA of electronic tongue detection response value of the lyophilized tablets, figureFileSmall=wW07Y3HulHpgkOkEx7edJQ==, figureFileBig=OkIjis+Qx2/iBAjDIdA/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248378491640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=图14, caption=冻干片电子舌检测响应值PCA分析, figureFileSmall=wW07Y3HulHpgkOkEx7edJQ==, figureFileBig=OkIjis+Qx2/iBAjDIdA/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248466572025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The prescription to prepare berberine hydrochloride resin complex lyophilized oral disintegration tablets. mg

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Prescription Mannitol HPMC
(5 mPa·s)
Berberine
hydrochloride
Ion exchange
resin
1 64 40 25 0
2 28 40 0 60
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248546263803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片制备处方. mg

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Prescription Mannitol HPMC
(5 mPa·s)
Berberine
hydrochloride
Ion exchange
resin
1 64 40 25 0
2 28 40 0 60
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248621761277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The model's fitting results of absorption isotherm of berberine hydrochloride

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Equation r2
Langmuir Qe=0.887 8ρe/(1+0.561 1ρe) 0.963 0
Freundlich Qe=0.875 6ρe^(1/5.737 8) 0.943 0
Temkin Qe=0.259 4ln(14.841 2ρe) 0.994 0
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248701453055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

盐酸小檗碱吸附等温线模型拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Equation r2
Langmuir Qe=0.887 8ρe/(1+0.561 1ρe) 0.963 0
Freundlich Qe=0.875 6ρe^(1/5.737 8) 0.943 0
Temkin Qe=0.259 4ln(14.841 2ρe) 0.994 0
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248764367616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The model's fitting results of adsorption kinetic of berberine hydrochloride

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Equation r2
Pseudo-first-order kinetic ln(1.323 7-Qt)=ln(1.323 7)-2.101 0t 0.985 4
Pseudo-second-order kinetic t/Qt=1/[4.119 6×(1.350 7^2)]-t/1.350 7 0.992 3
Elovich equation Qt=0.041 67lnt-0.911 5 0.990 1
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248869225218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

盐酸小檗碱吸附动力学模型拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Equation r2
Pseudo-first-order kinetic ln(1.323 7-Qt)=ln(1.323 7)-2.101 0t 0.985 4
Pseudo-second-order kinetic t/Qt=1/[4.119 6×(1.350 7^2)]-t/1.350 7 0.992 3
Elovich equation Qt=0.041 67lnt-0.911 5 0.990 1
), ArticleFig(id=1249073248953111300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The evaluation indicators of lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride and drug resin complex. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Tablets of berberine
hydrochloride
Tablets of
drug-resin complex
Disintegration time/s 13.38±0.43 12.72±0.95
Hardness /N 16.17±0.95 25.42±2.32
Brittleness /% <0.1 <0.1
Content/mg·piece-1 26.13±0.61 26.92±0.31
), ArticleFig(id=1249073249087329032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

盐酸小檗碱及其树脂复合物冻干口崩片评价指标. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Tablets of berberine
hydrochloride
Tablets of
drug-resin complex
Disintegration time/s 13.38±0.43 12.72±0.95
Hardness /N 16.17±0.95 25.42±2.32
Brittleness /% <0.1 <0.1
Content/mg·piece-1 26.13±0.61 26.92±0.31
), ArticleFig(id=1249073249162826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Fitting models for the release of the powders of berberine hydrochloride

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Groups Zero order
r2
First order
r2
Higuchi matrix
r2
Ritger-Peppas model
r2 n
Artificial saliva 0.394 6 0.937 2 0.667 2 0.994 5 0.133 9
Artificial gastric juice 0.435 8 0.985 5 0.738 2 0.998 1 0.130 7
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 4.5) 0.221 4 1.000 0 0.500 7 0.999 9 0.004 4
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) 0.223 3 0.999 9 0.503 0 1.000 0 0.005 4
Water 0.226 5 0.999 5 0.506 7 0.999 7 0.007 0
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250735690509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

盐酸小檗碱粉末释放拟合模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Groups Zero order
r2
First order
r2
Higuchi matrix
r2
Ritger-Peppas model
r2 n
Artificial saliva 0.394 6 0.937 2 0.667 2 0.994 5 0.133 9
Artificial gastric juice 0.435 8 0.985 5 0.738 2 0.998 1 0.130 7
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 4.5) 0.221 4 1.000 0 0.500 7 0.999 9 0.004 4
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) 0.223 3 0.999 9 0.503 0 1.000 0 0.005 4
Water 0.226 5 0.999 5 0.506 7 0.999 7 0.007 0
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250806993679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Fitting models for the release of berberine hydrochloride resin complexx

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Groups Particle diffusion controlled model Film diffusion controlled model
Equation r2 Equation r2
Artificial saliva -ln(1-F)=0.138 0t0.65+0.462 5 0.828 3 -ln(1-F)=0.028 3t+0.753 0 0.688 0
Artificial gastric juice -ln(1-F)=0.030 7t0.65+2.808 0 0.887 5 -ln(1-F)=0.006 5t+2.876 9 0.947 1
artificial intestinal fluid (pH 4.5) -ln(1-F)=0.069 7t0.65+0.343 7 0.949 8 -ln(1-F)=0.013 9t+0.523 9 0.888 7
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) -ln(1-F)=0.075 5t0.65+1.930 6 0.731 3 -ln(1-F)=0.014 4t0.65+2.140 0 0.633 4
Water -ln(1-F)=0.029 0t0.65+0.085 2 0.910 7 -ln(1-F)=0.005 7t0.65+0.161 7 0.835 1
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250882491153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955698888760, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物药物离子扩散模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Groups Particle diffusion controlled model Film diffusion controlled model
Equation r2 Equation r2
Artificial saliva -ln(1-F)=0.138 0t0.65+0.462 5 0.828 3 -ln(1-F)=0.028 3t+0.753 0 0.688 0
Artificial gastric juice -ln(1-F)=0.030 7t0.65+2.808 0 0.887 5 -ln(1-F)=0.006 5t+2.876 9 0.947 1
artificial intestinal fluid (pH 4.5) -ln(1-F)=0.069 7t0.65+0.343 7 0.949 8 -ln(1-F)=0.013 9t+0.523 9 0.888 7
Artificial intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) -ln(1-F)=0.075 5t0.65+1.930 6 0.731 3 -ln(1-F)=0.014 4t0.65+2.140 0 0.633 4
Water -ln(1-F)=0.029 0t0.65+0.085 2 0.910 7 -ln(1-F)=0.005 7t0.65+0.161 7 0.835 1
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盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片的制备及质量评价
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朱笑颜 , 戴俊东 * , 郭鹏川 , 吴师月 , 周琦人
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(8): 724-731
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(8): 724-731
盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片的制备及质量评价
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朱笑颜, 戴俊东*, 郭鹏川, 吴师月, 周琦人
作者信息
  • 北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 朱笑颜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:分子药剂学与新型给药系统

通讯作者:

*戴俊东,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:分子药剂学与新型给药系统 Tel:(010)53912123
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Berberine Hydrochloride Resin Complex Lyophilized Oral Disintegration Tablets
Xiaoyan ZHU, Jundong DAI*, Pengchuan GUO, Shiyue WU, Qiren ZHOU
Affiliations
  • School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2024-04-22
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目的 以盐酸小檗碱为模型药物,Kyron-T114为载药树脂,制备盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物以实现对冻干口崩片的良好掩味效果。方法 采用静态制备法,制备药物树脂复合物,绘制吸附等温线、吸附动力学曲线研究树脂的吸附机理,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱法(FTIR)对制得的树脂复合物进行物性表征。采用冻干赋型技术,制备盐酸小檗碱与树脂复合物口腔崩解片,对其体外溶出度研究与掩味效果进行评价。结果 制得的盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物载药量为43.04%,药物在树脂上的吸附为多分子层的化学吸附。盐酸小檗碱粉末的溶出主要受溶解度的影响,其溶出机制以Fick扩散为主。树脂复合物粉末的溶出主要受溶液pH和离子浓度及种类影响,人工胃液中,药物从树脂中快速解离,薄膜扩散成为溶出的限速步骤;水、人工唾液、pH 4.5和pH 6.8的人工肠液中药物解离速度较慢,粒子扩散成为溶出的限速步骤。树脂复合物冻干口崩片在人工唾液中的溶出显著低于盐酸小檗碱冻干口崩片,经感官评价与电子舌检测,证明其具有良好的矫味效果。结论 盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片掩味效果较好,且弱阳离子交换树脂Kyron-T114制备的树脂复合物有利于改善难溶性药物在人工胃液中的溶出,进而改善其口服生物利用度,为中药的掩味提供新的思路。

盐酸小檗碱  /  离子交换树脂  /  Kyron-T114  /  掩味作用  /  药物树脂复合物

OBJECTIVE To prepare berberinehydrochloride resincomplex for good taste-masking effectof lyophilized oraldisintegration tablets using berberine hydrochloride as a model drug and using Kyron-T114 as the drug-loaded resin. METHODS The drug-resin composites were prepared by using the static method. Then drawn the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic curves to study the adsorption mechanism of the resin. Afterwards, the characteristic of the berberine hydrochloride resin complex was studied by using the SEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Finally, prepared the oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride and its resin complex by using the lyophilized extrusion technology. Next, studied the in vitro release experiments and evaluated the effect of masking taste. RESULTS According to the research, a berberine hydrochloride-resin complex with the drug loaded of 43.04% was prepared. And the analysis showed that the adsorption of the drug on the resin was the multilayered chemical adsorption. The dissolution of berberine hydrochloride's powder is mainly affected by the solubility of berberine hydrochloride. Moreover, the dissolution mechanism is mainly based on Fick diffusion. The dissolution of berberine hydrochloride's powder is mainly affected by the pH of the solution, along with the concentration and the type of the ion in the solution. In artificial gastric juice, the drug dissociates rapidly from the resin. So the film diffusion was the rate-limiting step for dissolution. On the contrary, the drug dissociated slowly in the water, artificial saliva, artificial intestinal fluids including pH 4.5 and pH 6.8. So the particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step for dissolution. Besides, the dissolution of lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of drug-resin complexes in artificial saliva was significantly lower than that of berberine hydrochloride oral disintegration tablets. Lastly, the results from sensory evaluation and electronic tongue detection proved that the lyophilized oral disintegration tablets of berberine hydrochloride-resin compound has good taste masking effect. CONCLUSION Berberine hydrochloride resin complex lyophilized mouth collapse has good taste masking effect. Moreover, the drug-resin complex prepared by Kyron-T114, a weak cation exchange resin, is beneficial to improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs in artificial gastric juice, thereby improving their oral bioavailability. Thus, it can provide a new idea for the taste masking of traditional Chinese medicine.

berberine hydrochloride  /  ion exchange resin  /  Kyron-T114  /  effect of masking taste  /  drug-resin complex
朱笑颜, 戴俊东, 郭鹏川, 吴师月, 周琦人. 盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物冻干口崩片的制备及质量评价. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (8) : 724 -731 .
Xiaoyan ZHU, Jundong DAI, Pengchuan GUO, Shiyue WU, Qiren ZHOU. Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Berberine Hydrochloride Resin Complex Lyophilized Oral Disintegration Tablets[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (8) : 724 -731 .
冻干技术制备的口腔崩解片质地疏松,呈多孔无定形结构,无需用水送服,遇唾液即可迅速溶解或崩解,吞咽后入胃迅速起效,在儿童及精神病、老年痴呆、癫痫等特殊病人用药方面具有独特的优势。口崩片主要在口腔中释放药物,为改善患者服药的可接受性和依从性,掩味在口崩片的开发中起着重要的作用[1-2]。掩盖药物不良味道的方法主要包括感官掩蔽法[3-4]、添加苦味阻滞剂[5-6]、药物的包被或化学修饰[7-10]。离子交换树脂上的电离官能团可与药物离子络合生成药物-树脂复合物,控制药物在唾液中的释放,达到掩味的目的[11]。与其他方法相比,离子交换树脂具有交换容量大,掩味效果好,可控制药物的释放速率和改善药物稳定性等优点。
盐酸小檗碱有抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种药理作用[12-13],临床上常以口服方式给药,由于味道极苦,儿童的口服依从性较低[14],限制了其在临床的应用。本研究选择FDA批准的弱阳离子交换树脂Kyron-T114,将盐酸小檗碱制备成树脂复合物冻干口崩片,研究树脂复合物对盐酸小檗碱冻干口崩片的掩味效果。
BSA223S-CW型电子分析天平(德国赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司);SHA-B型水浴恒温振荡器(金坛市良友仪器有限公司);pH计[奥豪斯仪器(上海)有限公司];756PC型紫外可见分光光度计(上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司);BY-G20型离心机(北京白洋医疗器械有限公司);RC806D型溶出试验仪(天津市天大天发科技有限公司);ASTREE Ⅱ V5.1型电子舌(法国Alpha MOS公司)。
盐酸小檗碱(纯度95%,上海源叶生物科技有限公司,批号J12GS151377);Kyron-T114(印度COREL PHARMA CHEM公司,批号02020084);甘露醇(纯度≥99%,上海源叶生物科技有限公司,批号M24GS149532);羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)(黏度5 mPa·s,上海昌为医药辅料技术有限公司,批号YD160124L1);盐酸(北京市通广精细化工公司,批号20210126);KH2PO4(北京化工厂,批号20170718);NaCl(北京拜尔迪生物技术有限公司,批号20191029);CaCl2(北京化工厂,批号20161125);NaOH(天津大茂化学试剂厂,批号20200801);NaH2PO4·2H2O(北京百瑞极生物科技有限公司,批号20220121)。
用纯化水配制0.03 mg·mL-1的硫酸钠溶液,加入适量盐酸小檗碱,完全溶解制得5 mg·mL-1的盐酸小檗碱溶液。取离子交换树脂0.06 g置于50 mL锥形瓶,加入15 mL盐酸小檗碱溶液,在60 ℃、100 r·min-1下水浴恒温振荡30 min,离心,沉淀用15 mL纯化水洗两次,50 ℃烘干至恒重即得盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物[15]
取盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物研细,精密称取10 mg置于50 mL锥形瓶中,加入0.35 mol·L-1盐酸乙醇溶液20 mL,30 ℃超声30 min,取出,冷至室温,补足质量,8 000 r·min-1离心1 min,紫外分光光度计测定上清液中盐酸小檗碱含量[14],按公式1计算树脂复合物的载药量DL。
DL(%)=m2/m1×100%
其中,m1是称取的复合物的质量,m2是测得复合物中盐酸小檗碱的质量。
用纯化水配制质量浓度为1、3、5、7、9 mg·mL-1的盐酸小檗碱溶液,制备树脂复合物,用公式2计算树脂的吸附量Qe(mmol·g-1),绘制吸附等温线。
Qe=1 000m2/[(m1-m2)M]
M是盐酸小檗碱的相对分子质量。
用纯化水配制质量浓度为5 mg·mL-1的盐酸小檗碱溶液,制备树脂复合物,分别在 5、10、20、30、60、90、120 min取出,用公式2计算树脂的吸附量Qe(mmol·g-1),绘制吸附动力学曲线。
分别用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱法(FTIR)对盐酸小檗碱、空白树脂、两者的物理混合物和盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物进行物理表征。SEM测试条件为:加速电压为12 kV,工作距离为10 mm,放大倍数为1 600倍;DSC扫描条件为:扫描温度范围为60~260 ℃,升温速度为10 ℃·min-1, 氮气气氛;XRD测试条件为:扫描角度范围为5~60 °,步长为0.05 °,速率为2 °·min-1;FTIR测试条件为:溴化钾压片,扫描波长范围为400~4 000 cm-1
参照处方比例(表1),制成混悬液,以0.8 mL注样量精准灌装到定制的成型模具中冻干成型,制备盐酸小檗碱与树脂复合物口崩片。对其进行质量评价,观察样品的外观颜色、平整性、成型性、是否黏,参照2020年版《中国药典》检查样品的崩解时限、脆碎度、硬度和含量均匀度。
参考2020年版《中国药典》盐酸小檗碱片溶出度测定方法,分别取相当于盐酸小檗碱25 mg的盐酸小檗碱及其树脂复合物粉末,以及盐酸小檗碱及其树脂复合物冻干片,以水、人工唾液[16]、人工胃液、人工肠液(pH 4.5)、人工肠液(pH 6.8)为溶出介质,于温度37 ℃、转速120 r·min-1,溶出液体积1 000 mL条件下,于5、10、20、30和60 min(人工唾液于1、2、5、10、15、20、30和60 min)取样测定,比较上述样品在不同介质中的溶出情况。
选取健康志愿者12位,获得知情同意后,采用随机交叉给药设计,先用生理盐水漱口,再分别给予盐酸小檗碱冻干口崩片及其树脂复合物冻干口崩片1片置于口中,至其完全崩解,然后漱口至口中无苦味;将苦味分为10个等级:1~2:无苦味;3~4:几乎无苦味(阈值苦味);5~6:轻微苦;7~8:中等苦;9~10:非常苦。分别记录苦味程度。
盐酸小檗碱标准溶液配制方法:精密称量20 mg盐酸小檗碱于100 mL量瓶中,加入纯化水超声使其溶解,定容至刻度,得到0.2 mg·mL-1的标准溶液,取1、4、7、10、13、15 mL于100 mL,加入纯化水定容至刻度,制得质量浓度为2、8、14、20、26、30 μg·mL-1的盐酸小檗碱溶液,每个浓度平行制备三份样品,用电子舌检测。
取2 mL人工唾液于50 mL离心管,37℃水浴,取盐酸小檗碱冻干口崩片及其树脂复合物冻干口崩片各一片,放入离心管中,1 min后取出,过滤得到冻干口崩片溶出液,稀释25倍后用电子舌检测。
盐酸小檗碱的吸附等温线见图1,随着盐酸小檗碱的初始浓度升高,吸附量显著增大,用3种吸附等温线方程进行拟合,拟合结果见表2
拟合得到的Temkin方程的相关系数最大,拟合效果最佳,据此推测Kyron-T114树脂对盐酸小檗碱的吸附作用为多分子层化学吸附,吸附剂与吸附质分子间存在相互作用。
不同时间盐酸小檗碱在树脂上的吸附量见图2,在前5 min内,药物与树脂的吸附反应较快,之后趋于平衡。用3种动力学模型对其进行拟合,拟合结果见表3。准二级动力学方程拟合的相关系数最大,说明药物与树脂的吸附为化学吸附,与吸附等温线拟合得到的结论一致,吸附的主要作用可能与共用电子的形成以及电子转移有关。拟合得到的平衡吸附量约为1.35 mmol·g-1
SEM结果(图3)所示,盐酸小檗碱为结晶型粉末,空白树脂为不规则颗粒,盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物为不规则颗粒,可以认为盐酸小檗碱被结合到树脂内部。DSC扫描图见图4。盐酸小檗碱在117 ℃和173 ℃出现脱水峰,在182 ℃出现熔融峰,空白树脂在185 ℃出现熔融峰,两者的物理混合物呈盐酸小檗碱和空白树脂吸热峰的简单叠加。盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物在191 ℃出现熔融峰,说明盐酸小檗碱和空白树脂结合形成了一种和普通物理混合物不同的新混合物。XRD曲线见图5,盐酸小檗碱有一系列明显的晶体衍射峰,为结晶性粉末;离子交换树脂具有非晶态的大扩散峰;两者物理混合物的XRD曲线为盐酸小檗碱和离子交换树脂峰的简单叠加;树脂复合物呈非晶态聚合物的扩散峰,不含盐酸小檗碱的晶体峰,说明在树脂复合物中,药物以非晶体的形式存在。红外光谱见图6,物理混合物与盐酸小檗碱的红外光谱一致,在2 700~3 500 cm-1有C=H、O=H的吸收峰,1 505 cm-1处有芳环的骨架振动峰,此外,物理混合物在1 697 cm-1处有羰基的吸收峰,与空白树脂一致。盐酸小檗碱-树脂复合物在1 600 cm-1和1 093~1 273 cm-1处形成了新的吸收峰,说明复合物中形成了新的结构,复合物中盐酸小檗碱与树脂不是简单的物理吸附,而是形成了化学键。
制备的盐酸小檗碱片呈黄色疏松饼状(图7);树脂复合物片呈淡黄色疏松饼状,下层颜色较深,偏红棕色,外观平整。测定盐酸小檗碱与树脂复合物口崩片的崩解时限、硬度等见表4。其崩解时限、含量均匀度符合药典规定。
盐酸小檗碱粉末的溶出主要受不同介质中溶解度的影响(图8)。受人工胃液中盐酸,以及人工唾液中所含NaCl和CaCl2同离子效应的影响,盐酸小檗碱的溶解度较低,溶出较慢。分析溶出曲线间的相似性,结果表明,人工唾液与人工胃液中的溶出曲线的相似因子f2>50,具有相似性。在水、pH 4.5和pH 6.8人工肠液中盐酸小檗碱溶解度增大,溶出速度也相应加快,三者的溶出曲线具有相似性。对盐酸小檗碱粉末在不同介质中的溶出曲线进行模型拟合,各释放曲线按Ritger-Peppas方程[17]拟合的相关系数均较高(表5),且n≤0.45,说明其溶出机制以Fick扩散为主。
树脂复合物粉末的溶出受溶液pH和离子浓度及种类影响,在不同介质中的溶出曲线差异显著(图9)。纯化水中缺少离子,盐酸小檗碱的溶出量最低;人工胃液中,pH较低,H+浓度最大,药物溶出最快;pH 4.5和pH 6.8的人工肠液离子浓度相近,但由于K+对药物释放的影响大于Na+和H+[18],致使树脂复合物在pH 6.8的人工肠液中溶出较快。人工唾液中离子较少,但由于含有Ca2+和K+,使树脂复合物的溶出介于pH 4.5和pH 6.8的人工肠液之间。
药物-树脂复合物的药物扩散是由粒子扩散和薄膜扩散过程组成的。因此,树脂复合物的药物释放动力学主要依赖于颗粒核心和颗粒周围边界层的药物离子和反离子扩散阻力,其药物扩散阶段所涉及的过程包括反离子和药物离子在边界层的扩散,以及在树脂颗粒内部的扩散。根据Boyd和Bhaskar的理论,用粒子扩散与薄膜扩散模型对树脂复合物在各溶出介质中的释放进行拟合[18-19](表6)。在人工胃液中,薄膜扩散的相关系数更大,说明离子在树脂内部快速扩散,薄膜扩散成为盐酸小檗碱从树脂复合物中溶出的限速步骤;在水、人工唾液、pH 4.5和pH 6.8人工肠液中,树脂内部离子扩散速度较慢,粒子扩散成为溶出的限速步骤。
药物在人工唾液中的溶出曲线见图10,由于药物在口腔内停留时间较短,主要对比药物在人工唾液中1~2 min的溶出度。树脂复合物粉末及其冻干片中药物的溶出量均显著低于盐酸小檗碱粉末及其冻干片,说明树脂复合物能够显著减缓盐酸小檗碱在人工唾液中的释放(图11)。此外,盐酸小檗碱冻干片的溶出量显著低于盐酸小檗碱粉末,可能与冻干片处方中的HPMC在溶解时形成的凝胶减缓了药物的释放有关。
1 h内盐酸小檗碱在人工胃液中的累积溶出度均在90%以上,说明盐酸小檗碱均能完全释放,并且树脂复合物粉末及其冻干片在人工胃液中的溶出较盐酸小檗碱粉末及其冻干片快,说明盐酸小檗碱通过离子键形式与树脂结合形成复合物,破坏了其晶格结构,经离子置换后更有利于其在人工胃液中的快速溶出(图12)。
对盐酸小檗碱及其树脂复合物冻干片进行感官评价,盐酸小檗碱冻干片评分结果为(8.67±1.03)(n=12),具有强烈的苦味,树脂复合物冻干片口尝评分为(3.58±0.76)(n=12),几乎无苦味,说明将盐酸小檗碱制备成树脂复合物冻干片后,苦味显著降低,掩味效果较好。
对盐酸小檗碱标准溶液测得的电子舌响应值进行PCA分析,结果见图13,其中图13A所示,PC1的贡献率已经超过80%,水平方向差距较大,随着盐酸小檗碱溶液浓度的不断增加,PC1的值也不断增加。PC1的值和盐酸小檗碱浓度为正相关关系(图13B)。而盐酸小檗碱溶液浓度越高,味道越苦,说明PC1值越大,苦味越强[20-21]
因人的口腔中唾液体积较小[22],以2 mL人工唾液中冻干片的溶出液进行电子舌评价,1 min后人工唾液中树脂复合物冻干片的药物释放量显著低于盐酸小檗碱冻干片的药物释放量,初步判断树脂复合物冻干片具有掩味效果。
对冻干片溶出液的电子舌检测结果进行PCA分析,见图14,盐酸小檗碱冻干片的PC1值大于树脂复合物的PC1值,说明盐酸小檗碱冻干片更苦,树脂复合物冻干片具有一定的掩味效果。
药物在树脂上的吸附主要受到树脂的性质和制备条件如药物树脂比例、pH、溶液中离子等的影响[23-24],本研究采用弱阳离子交换树脂Kyron-T114制备得到载药量为43.04%的盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物,采用冻干赋型技术进一步将其制备成冻干口崩片。通过人工唾液中的溶出情况、感官评价和电子舌评价,证明制备得到的树脂复合物冻干片具有良好的掩味效果。与强阳离子交换树脂Amberlite IRP69相比,Kyron-T114制备的树脂复合物在人工胃液中盐酸小檗碱的溶出速度更快,5 min即可基本释放完全(94.7%),远高于盐酸小檗碱粉末(68.7%)。在具有良好矫味作用的同时,还有利于提高难溶性药物的溶出,进而改善其口服生物利用度,为中药口服制剂的掩味提供了新的思路。
掩味评价的方法主要包括药物释放和溶出度研究、动物实验、感官评价和电子舌检验等。体外药物释放和溶出度研究可用于测定基于固体制剂的味觉掩蔽效果,以确定浓度是否高于味觉阈值。动物和人类一样具有“短暂获取味觉厌恶(BATA)模型”,它们倾向于多吃自己喜欢的东西,少吃不喜欢的东西[25]。啮齿动物BATA模型是一种相对简单和快速的方法,可以客观定量地检测不同活性成分的味道[26]。最准确、最标准的评价方法是人类志愿者的感官味觉评价,但要考虑伦理和毒理的因素[27]。此外,还存在成本昂贵,试验周期长,味觉疲劳和个体差异大等问题[25,28]。电子舌是模拟人的舌头对待测样品进行分析、识别和判断,通过多元统计方法对得到的数据进行处理,快速地反映出样品整体的质量信息,实现对样品的识别和分类。电子舌的传感器响应值能够整体反映溶液的味觉信息,具有非特异性、高灵敏度、非主观性等优点,与感官评价相比,能够提供更为客观的评价信息。
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2024年第59卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2023-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-04-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-03
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    北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488

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*戴俊东,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:分子药剂学与新型给药系统 Tel:(010)53912123
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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