Article(id=1248601955346567207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)08-0713-11, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695830400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619504056, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1713715200000, pubDateStr=2024-04-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619504056, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619504056, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619504056, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248601950581842932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='657', pageEnd='754', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619502920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775620003727, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=713, endPage=723, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248601955669528627, articleId=1248601955346567207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Enhanced Expression of ABCG2 by saRNA increases Uric Acid Excretion of Renal and Intestinal Cells in Mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To screen and study the effects of small activating RNA (saRNA) enhancing the expression of ABCG2 gene on renal and intestinal cell excretion of uric acid (UA) to explore a new type of therapeutic mechanism drugs to promote UA excretion. METHODS saRNAs targeting mice and human ABCG2 genes were designed and screened by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot in mice TCMK-1 and human HK-2 cells. The effect of the selected saRNA on the excretion of UA was examined in TCMK-1 and HK-2 cells. The mice saRNA was injected into the tail vein of hyperuricemia (HUA) model mice. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urinary uric acid (UUA), intestinal uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr), and the activity of liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the mice were detected to verify the ability of selected saRNA to promote UA excretion. The pathological changes of kidney and small intestine were analyzed through H&E. The expression of ABCG2 in kidney and small intestine was analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four saRNAs targeting ABCG2 were selected, 2 for mice and 2 for human, named saRNA-1/2 and hsaRNA-1/2 respectively, which increased the expression of ABCG2 in TCMK-1 and HK-2 cells (P<0.05), and promoted the extracellular excretion of UA (P<0.05). In HUA model mice, saRNA-1/2 increased the levels of UUA and intestinal UA (P<0.05), reduced the levels of SUA, BUN, and SCr (P<0.05), decreased the damage of HUA to kidney and small intestine, and enhanced the expression of ABCG2 in kidney and small intestine, but did not show significant effect on the activity of liver XOD (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The selected saRNAs could enhance the expression of ABCG2 and promote the excretion of UA in cells and mice, reducing SUA level.

, correspAuthors=Yinlin GE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shaoping JIA, Keli GE, Liu YANG, Zhixia ZHANG, Jinyu ZHANG, Yinlin GE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248601957892509853, articleId=1248601955346567207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=saRNA激活ABCG2表达增强肾和肠细胞排泄尿酸的研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 筛选、研究小激活RNA(small activating RNA, saRNA)增强ABCG2基因表达对肾、肠细胞排泄尿酸(uric acid,UA)的影响,探索促进UA排泄的全新一类治疗机制药物。方法 设计靶向小鼠和人ABCG2基因的saRNA,转染小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK-1)和人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)细胞,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和Western Blot筛选强激活效果的saRNA;检测强激活saRNA增强TCMK-1和HK-2细胞排泄UA的作用。筛选的saRNA通过尾静脉注射高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)模型小鼠,检测血尿酸(serum uric acid, SUA)、尿尿酸(urine uric acid, UUA)、肠道UA、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)和血清肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr)含量,以及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性,验证所选saRNA促进UA排泄的作用。苏木精-伊红染色法(H&E)染色观察小鼠肾脏和小肠病理改变。RT-qPCR,Western blot和免疫组化分析肾脏和小肠ABCG2基因表达水平。结果 筛选到小鼠和人ABCG2 saRNA各2条,分别命名为saRNA-1/2和hsaRNA-1/2,能够提高TCMK-1和HK-2细胞ABCG2基因的表达(P<0.05),促进胞内UA排泄(P<0.05)。saRNA-1/2能够提高HUA模型小鼠UUA和肠道UA含量(P<0.05),降低SUA,BUN和SCr的含量(P<0.05),改善HUA对肾脏和小肠的损伤。saRNA-1/2促进了小鼠肾脏和小肠中ABCG2基因的表达,但对小鼠肝脏中XOD的活性没有明显影响(P>0.05)。结论 所筛选的saRNA能够提高ABCG2基因的表达,并促进细胞内和小鼠体内UA的排泄,降低SUA水平。

, correspAuthors=葛银林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*葛银林,男,博士,教授 研究方向:基因治疗 Tel:13780659749
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UJXtfnAAtMaI5ouEvpzSQQ==, magXml=mPKKPBNapGfZ+43MLHEreQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SFCNKCMFG+G7k/fsj1FZNw==, pdfFileSize=4902608, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mA4BVVJVvFq+V6fouekSew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/03g3s/FO4Fz3rI8rSr64A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

贾少平,男,硕士 研究方向:基因治疗

, authorsList=贾少平, 葛科立, 杨柳, 张志霞, 张金玉, 葛银林)}, authors=[Author(id=1249073242649076009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073242737156398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073242649076009, language=EN, stringName=Shaoping JIA, firstName=Shaoping, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073242821042480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073242649076009, language=CN, stringName=贾少平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071, bio={"content":"

贾少平,男,硕士 研究方向:基因治疗

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

贾少平,男,硕士 研究方向:基因治疗

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)])]), Author(id=1249073242913317173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243005591866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073242913317173, language=EN, stringName=Keli GE, firstName=Keli, middleName=null, lastName=GE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243102060861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073242913317173, language=CN, stringName=葛科立, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 青岛大学基础医学院免疫学系, 山东 青岛 266011, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242401612056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242405806361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242401612056, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242414194971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242401612056, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛大学基础医学院免疫学系, 山东 青岛 266011)])]), Author(id=1249073243349524802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243462771013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073243349524802, language=EN, stringName=Liu YANG, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243576017224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073243349524802, language=CN, stringName=杨柳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)])]), Author(id=1249073243718623566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243823481171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073243718623566, language=EN, stringName=Zhixia ZHANG, firstName=Zhixia, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
3 Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073243953504601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073243718623566, language=CN, stringName=张志霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071
3 山东商业职业技术学院, 济南 250103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1249073242531635490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242535829794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242531635490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242544218403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242531635490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 山东商业职业技术学院, 济南 250103)])]), Author(id=1249073244049973597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073244138053987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073244049973597, language=EN, stringName=Jinyu ZHANG, firstName=Jinyu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073244221940073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073244049973597, language=CN, stringName=张金玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)])]), Author(id=1249073244284854636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1249073244393906546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073244284854636, language=EN, stringName=Yinlin GE, firstName=Yinlin, middleName=null, lastName=GE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1249073244511347062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, authorId=1249073244284854636, language=CN, stringName=葛银林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1249073244683313530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=hyperuricemia), Keyword(id=1249073246356840833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=uric acid), Keyword(id=1249073246503641477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=saRNA), Keyword(id=1249073246616887690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=ABCG2), Keyword(id=1249073246692385165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=gene expression), Keyword(id=1249073246801437073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=高尿酸血症), Keyword(id=1249073246897906068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=尿酸), Keyword(id=1249073246973403542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=小激活RNA), Keyword(id=1249073247069872538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=ABCG2), Keyword(id=1249073247229256092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=基因表达)], refs=[Reference(id=1249073252388250130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=108, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=MAZZALI M, KANBAY M, SEGAL M S, journalName=Curr Rheumatol Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAZZALI M, KANBAY M, SEGAL M S, et al. Uric acid and hypertension: cause or effect?[J]. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2010, 12(2): 108-117., articleTitle=Uric acid and hypertension: cause or effect?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252472136214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=8, issue=(Suppl.1): S4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=TERKELTAUB R, BUSHINSKY D A, BECKER M A, journalName=Arthritis Res Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TERKELTAUB R, BUSHINSKY D A, BECKER M A. Recent developments in our understanding of the renal basis of hyperuricemia and the development of novel antihyperuricemic therapeutics[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2006, 8(Suppl.1): S4. DOI: 10.1186/ar1909., articleTitle=Recent developments in our understanding of the renal basis of hyperuricemia and the development of novel antihyperuricemic therapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252556022298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=397, issue=10287, pageStart=1843, pageEnd=1855, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=DALBETH N, GOSLING A L, GAFFO A, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DALBETH N, GOSLING A L, GAFFO A, et al. Gout[J]. Lancet, 2021, 397(10287): 1843-1855., articleTitle=Gout, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252623131164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=62, issue=9, pageStart=1068, pageEnd=1076, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=XU D, ZHU X X, ZOU H J, journalName=Chin J Intern Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU D, ZHU X X, ZOU H J, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gout in China[J]. Chin J Intern Med (中华内科杂志), 2023, 62(9): 1068-1076., articleTitle=Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gout in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252686045726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=e30456, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=HOSOMI A, NAKANISHI T, FUJITA T, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOSOMI A, NAKANISHI T, FUJITA T, et al. Extra-renal elimination of uric acid via intestinal efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2): e30456. DOI: 10. 1371 / journal. pone. 0030456., articleTitle=Extra-renal elimination of uric acid via intestinal efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252803486238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=603, pageEnd=611, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=NAKANISHI T, OHYA K, SHIMADA S, journalName=Nephrol Dial Transplant, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAKANISHI T, OHYA K, SHIMADA S, et al. Functional cooperation of URAT1 (SLC22A12) and URATv1 (SLC2A9) in renal reabsorption of urate[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2013, 28(3): 603-611., articleTitle=Functional cooperation of URAT1 (SLC22A12) and URATv1 (SLC2A9) in renal reabsorption of urate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252870595106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=309, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=WOODWARD O M, journalName=Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOODWARD O M. ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout[J]. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2015, 309(6): F485-F488., articleTitle=ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073252950286883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=109, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, journalName=Nutr Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, et al. Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia[J]. Nutr Metab, 2021, 18(1): 109. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6., articleTitle=Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253046755877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=106, issue=25, pageStart=10338, pageEnd=10342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=WOODWARD O M, KÖTTGEN A, CORESH J, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOODWARD O M, KÖTTGEN A, CORESH J, et al. Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(25): 10338-10342., articleTitle=Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253126447655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=103, issue=46, pageStart=17337, pageEnd=17342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LI L C, OKINO S T, ZHAO H, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI L C, OKINO S T, ZHAO H, et al. Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103(46): 17337-17342., articleTitle=Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253201945129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=1737, pageEnd=1742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=KODAMA S, SAITO K, YACHI Y, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KODAMA S, SAITO K, YACHI Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(9): 1737-1742., articleTitle=Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253298414121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=287, issue=48, pageStart=40732, pageEnd=40744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=LANASPA M A, SANCHEZ-LOZADA L G, CHOI Y J, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LANASPA M A, SANCHEZ-LOZADA L G, CHOI Y J, et al. Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and-independent fatty liver[J]. J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(48): 40732-40744., articleTitle=Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and-independent fatty liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253390688812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=3339, pageEnd=3350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=CICERCHI C, LI N, KRATZER J, journalName=FASEB J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CICERCHI C, LI N, KRATZER J, et al. Uric acid-dependent inhibition of AMP kinase induces hepatic glucose production in diabetes and starvation: evolutionary implications of the uricase loss in hominids[J]. FASEB J, 2014, 28(8): 3339-3350., articleTitle=Uric acid-dependent inhibition of AMP kinase induces hepatic glucose production in diabetes and starvation: evolutionary implications of the uricase loss in hominids, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253453603373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=57, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=STAMP L K, BARCLAY M L, journalName=Rheumatology (Oxford), refType=null, unstructuredReference=STAMP L K, BARCLAY M L. How to prevent allopurinol hypersensitivity reactions?[J]. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2018, 57 (Suppl 1): i35-i41., articleTitle=How to prevent allopurinol hypersensitivity reactions?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253571043886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=66, issue=21, pageStart=2051, pageEnd=2070, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=HORIUCHI H, OTA M, NISHIMURA S, journalName=Life Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HORIUCHI H, OTA M, NISHIMURA S, et al. Allopurinol induces renal toxicity by impairing pyrimidine metabolism in mice[J]. Life Sci, 2000, 66(21): 2051-2070., articleTitle=Allopurinol induces renal toxicity by impairing pyrimidine metabolism in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073253642347056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=1354, pageEnd=1363, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG H, PENG Y, ZHANG T, journalName=Drug Metab Dispos, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H, PENG Y, ZHANG T, et al. Metabolic epoxidation is a critical step for the development of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2017, 45(12): 1354-1363., articleTitle=Metabolic epoxidation is a critical step for the development of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255198433842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=156, issue=null, pageStart=172, pageEnd=193, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=KWON H, KIM M, SEO Y, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KWON H, KIM M, SEO Y, et al. Emergence of synthetic mRNA: in vitro synthesis of mRNA and its applications in regenerative medicine[J]. Biomaterials, 2018, 156: 172-193., articleTitle=Emergence of synthetic mRNA: in vitro synthesis of mRNA and its applications in regenerative medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255328457267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=383, issue=27, pageStart=2603, pageEnd=2615, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=POLACK F P, THOMAS S J, KITCHIN N, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POLACK F P, THOMAS S J, KITCHIN N, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(27): 2603-2615., articleTitle=Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255382983221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=2, issue=5, pageStart=748, pageEnd=760, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=PORTNOY V, HUANG V, PLACE R F, journalName=Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PORTNOY V, HUANG V, PLACE R F, et al. Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA, 2011, 2(5): 748-760., articleTitle=Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255441703479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=372, issue=9654, pageStart=1953, pageEnd=1961, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=DEHGHAN A, KÖTTGEN A, YANG Q, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DEHGHAN A, KÖTTGEN A, YANG Q, et al. Association of three genetic loci with uric acid concentration and risk of gout: a genome-wide association study[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9654): 1953-1961., articleTitle=Association of three genetic loci with uric acid concentration and risk of gout: a genome-wide association study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255500423737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=38, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, journalName=Nutr Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, et al. Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia[J]. Nutr Metab, 2017, 14: 38. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6., articleTitle=Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255622058555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=1100, pageEnd=1109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=SUN Z X, GE K L, ZHANG Z X, journalName=Chin J Biochem Mol Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Z X, GE K L, ZHANG Z X, et al. The ABCG2 mRNA synthesized in vitro promoted uric acid excretion in mice[J]. Chin J Biochem Mol Biol (中国生物化学与分子生物学报), 2021, 37(8): 1100-1109., articleTitle=The ABCG2 mRNA synthesized in vitro promoted uric acid excretion in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073255693361725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=529, pageEnd=542, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LU Y H, CHANG Y P, LI T, journalName=Int J Biol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Y H, CHANG Y P, LI T, et al. Empagliflozin attenuates hyperuricemia by upregulation of ABCG2 via AMPK/AKT/CREB signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2020, 16(3): 529-542., articleTitle=Empagliflozin attenuates hyperuricemia by upregulation of ABCG2 via AMPK/AKT/CREB signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1249073252006568456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, awardId=2014GGH218023, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省科技计划资助(2014GGH218023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1249073252090454539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, awardId=2017GSF218084, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省重点研发项目资助(2017GSF218084), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1249073252199506445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, awardId=19-6-2-31-cg, language=CN, fundingSource=青岛市应用基础研究项目资助(19-6-2-31-cg), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073242288365840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242296754449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242300948754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242288365840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1249073242401612056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242405806361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242401612056, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242414194971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242401612056, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛大学基础医学院免疫学系, 山东 青岛 266011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1249073242531635490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242535829794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242531635490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073242544218403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, companyId=1249073242531635490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 山东商业职业技术学院, 济南 250103)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1249073247401222563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Expression of ABCG2 gene in TCMK-1 cells and HK-2 cells. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-C-screening results of mouse ABCG2 gene saRNA; D-F-screening results of human ABCG2 gene saRNA; BCG-blank control group; NCG-negative control group. 1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01,vs NCG.

, figureFileSmall=TV+iG6CHpRF0XjAT3JsTpQ==, figureFileBig=sUhi5QYaFcwbwp0He9a8Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247468331429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ABCG2基因在小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK-1)和人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)中的表达情况. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A~C-小鼠ABCG2基因saRNA的筛选结果;D~F-人ABCG2基因saRNA的筛选结果;BCG-空白对照组;NCG-阴性对照组。与NCG相比;1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=TV+iG6CHpRF0XjAT3JsTpQ==, figureFileBig=sUhi5QYaFcwbwp0He9a8Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247560606121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Location of fluorescent saRNA-1/2 in TCMK-1 cell

A-location of fluorescent saRNA-1; B-location of fluorescent saRNA-2; C-locations of fluorescent saRNA-1 and saRNA-2 with co-transfection of saRNA-1/2.

, figureFileSmall=MkItSMH91ef9a+BHCBYjqA==, figureFileBig=n6Tc6v73WdPzdLXRBHvp8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247640297899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图2, caption=荧光saRNA-1/2 转染TCMK-1后在细胞内的定位

A-荧光saRNA-1在细胞中的定位;B-荧光saRNA-2在细胞中的定位;C-荧光saRNA-1和saRNA-2在细胞中的共定位。

, figureFileSmall=MkItSMH91ef9a+BHCBYjqA==, figureFileBig=n6Tc6v73WdPzdLXRBHvp8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247694823854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Intracellular and extracellular uric acid contents in TCMK-1 cells and HK-2 cells. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-intracellular UA content of different treated TCMK-1 cells; B-UA content in extracellular medium of different treated TCMK-1 cells; C-intracellular UA content of different treated HK-2 cells; D-UA content in extracellular medium of different treated HK-2 cells; 1)P<0.01, vs BCG; 2)<0.05,3)P<0.01, vs UA+NCG.

, figureFileSmall=oFBRqnhTEHT17KR2fVXkAQ==, figureFileBig=PSx81g1nxaufWtUEGtNYjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247753544114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TCMK-1和HK-2细胞内和细胞外培养基中的尿酸(UA)含量. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-不同处理组TCMK-1细胞内UA含量;B-不同处理组TCMK-1细胞外培养基中UA含量;C-不同处理组HK-2细胞内UA含量;D-不同处理组HK-2细胞外培养基中UA含量;与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.01;与UA+阴性对照组相比,2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=oFBRqnhTEHT17KR2fVXkAQ==, figureFileBig=PSx81g1nxaufWtUEGtNYjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247812264372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=UA content in serum, urine, and intestinal content of each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-SUA content of each group mice; B-UUA content of each group mice; C-UA content in intestinal contents of each group mice; 1)P<0.01, vs BCG; 2)P<0.05, 3)P<0.01, vs MG.

, figureFileSmall=YVjQgleTIMhalMX2exjmQg==, figureFileBig=00cxojIaYVrRKdRP1rl6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073247917121977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠血清、尿液以及肠道内容物中的UA含量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-各组小鼠SUA含量;B-各组小鼠UUA含量;C-各组小鼠肠道内容物UA含量;与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.01;与模型组相比,2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=YVjQgleTIMhalMX2exjmQg==, figureFileBig=00cxojIaYVrRKdRP1rl6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248001008060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The content of BUN and SCr of each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-the BUN content of each group of mice; B-the SCr content of each group of mice; 1)P<0.01, vs BCG; 2)P<0.05, 3)P<0.01, vs MG.

, figureFileSmall=4NWr3LG8R7xToZzzd5WowA==, figureFileBig=WUFnU5mA14lXDGC16sUFqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248177168832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组小鼠血清BUN和SCr的含量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-各组小鼠BUN含量;B-各组小鼠SCr含量;与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.01;与模型组相比,2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=4NWr3LG8R7xToZzzd5WowA==, figureFileBig=WUFnU5mA14lXDGC16sUFqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248265249219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Body weight changes of mice in each group during treatment. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

1)P<0.05, vs BCG; 2)P<0.05, 3)P<0.01, vs MG.

, figureFileSmall=OPbgRKQLxnNP56FiWUfM2Q==, figureFileBig=4PNNjKy2TQd0CMVFQXzVng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248357523910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图6, caption=药物处理过程中各组小鼠的体质量变化. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.05;与模型组相比,2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=OPbgRKQLxnNP56FiWUfM2Q==, figureFileBig=4PNNjKy2TQd0CMVFQXzVng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248462381512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=H&E staining observation of pathological changes in kidney and small intestine tissues

A-H&E staining results of kidney tissue in each group of mice; the black arrow-the glomerulus; the red arrow-the renal tubules; B-H&E staining results of small intestine tissues in each group of mice; the black arrow-the small intestine villi; the red arrow-the small intestinal villous epithelial cells.

, figureFileSmall=UfTaUpnl1jzgl47YSYZnGw==, figureFileBig=0n2lC8gm/24T5xo5A/Cv0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248550461900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图7, caption=H&E染色观察肾脏和小肠组织病理改变

A-各组小鼠肾脏组织H&E染色结果;黑色箭头-肾小球;红色箭头-肾小管;B-各组小肠组织H&E染色结果;黑色箭头-小肠绒毛;红色箭头-小肠绒毛上皮细胞。

, figureFileSmall=UfTaUpnl1jzgl47YSYZnGw==, figureFileBig=0n2lC8gm/24T5xo5A/Cv0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248642736592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical detection of ABCG2 gene mRNA and protein expression in mouse kidney and small intestine tissues. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-C-the ABCG2 mRNA and protein levels of renal tissues in each group mice; D-F-the ABCG2 mRNA and protein levels of small intestine tissues in each group mice; G-the expression level and localization of ABCG2 protein in the kidney of mice in each group; H-the expression level and localization of ABCG2 protein in the small intestine of mice in each group; I-the mean optical density of ABCG2 protein in kidney tissue of mice in each group under the same field; J-the mean optical density of ABCG2 protein in small intestine tissue of mice in each group under the same field; 1)P<0.05, vs BCG; 2)P<0.01, vs MG.

, figureFileSmall=cqPRIgKb1ToJqNqqKzCCKA==, figureFileBig=/rYVJT3jgyt5SWYeyhx0YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248735011282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RT-qPCR、Western blot、免疫组化检测小鼠肾脏组织和小肠组织中的ABCG2基因mRNA和蛋白的表达量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A~C-各组小鼠肾脏中ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平; D~F-各组小鼠小肠中ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平;G-各组小鼠肾脏中ABCG2蛋白的表达水平和定位;H-各组小鼠小肠中ABCG2蛋白的表达水平和定位;I-各组小鼠相同视野下肾脏组织ABCG2蛋白的平均光密度;J-各组小鼠相同视野下小肠组织ABCG2蛋白的平均光密度;与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.05;与模型组相比,2)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=cqPRIgKb1ToJqNqqKzCCKA==, figureFileBig=/rYVJT3jgyt5SWYeyhx0YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248785342932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=XOD activity analysis results of liver in each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

1)P<0.05, vs BCG.

, figureFileSmall=/LVvnAkS2oRfofZysSXHWg==, figureFileBig=uHZ8mJVTRCTP3oMo1esLuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248881811926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各组小鼠肝脏中XOD活性检测结果. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

与空白对照组相比,1)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=/LVvnAkS2oRfofZysSXHWg==, figureFileBig=uHZ8mJVTRCTP3oMo1esLuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073248982475226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mice saRNA sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
saRNA-1 5'-UGUCUGUGUGUUCACAGCACdTdT-3'
5'-GUGCUGUGAACACACAGACAdTdT-3'
saRNA-2 5'-CCACAGAAACUUGGUUAAGGdTdT-3'
5'-CCUUAACCAAGUUUCUGUGGdTdT-3'
saRNA-3 5'-AGCCAGGAAGACAUUUCAGCdTdT-3'
5'-GCUGAAAUGUCUUCCUGGCUdTdT-3'
saRNA-4 5'-GGCCTCCTCTTCTGCACATdTdT-3'
5'-AUGUGCAGAAGAGGAGGCCdTdT-3'
saRNA-5 5'-ACTAGTGTTTGAGACCCAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGGGUCUCAAACACUAGUdTdT-3'
saRNA-6 5'-TCACCAACCTCAAATCCAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGGAUUUGAGGUUGGUGAdTdT-3'
saRNA-7 5'-GACUCUGAUUCUCUGUAGAAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUUCUACAGAGAAUCAGAGUCdTdT-3'
saRNA-8 5'-UUAUACCCACCAAGUCCACAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGUGGACUUGGUGGGUAUAAdTdT-3'
saRNA-9 5'-GGCAGGAAGAGGAUACUUUAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUAAAGUAUCCUCUUCCUGCCdTdT-3'
ncRNA 5'-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT-3'
5'-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAAdTdT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073249141858781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小鼠小激活RNA(saRNA)序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
saRNA-1 5'-UGUCUGUGUGUUCACAGCACdTdT-3'
5'-GUGCUGUGAACACACAGACAdTdT-3'
saRNA-2 5'-CCACAGAAACUUGGUUAAGGdTdT-3'
5'-CCUUAACCAAGUUUCUGUGGdTdT-3'
saRNA-3 5'-AGCCAGGAAGACAUUUCAGCdTdT-3'
5'-GCUGAAAUGUCUUCCUGGCUdTdT-3'
saRNA-4 5'-GGCCTCCTCTTCTGCACATdTdT-3'
5'-AUGUGCAGAAGAGGAGGCCdTdT-3'
saRNA-5 5'-ACTAGTGTTTGAGACCCAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGGGUCUCAAACACUAGUdTdT-3'
saRNA-6 5'-TCACCAACCTCAAATCCAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGGAUUUGAGGUUGGUGAdTdT-3'
saRNA-7 5'-GACUCUGAUUCUCUGUAGAAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUUCUACAGAGAAUCAGAGUCdTdT-3'
saRNA-8 5'-UUAUACCCACCAAGUCCACAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUGUGGACUUGGUGGGUAUAAdTdT-3'
saRNA-9 5'-GGCAGGAAGAGGAUACUUUAAdTdT-3'
5'-UUAAAGUAUCCUCUUCCUGCCdTdT-3'
ncRNA 5'-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT-3'
5'-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAAdTdT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250710528481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Human saRNA sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
hsaRNA-1 5'-CAAGCAUCCACUUUCUCAGdTdT-3'
5'-CUGAGAAAGUGGAUGCUUGdTdT-3'
hsaRNA-2 5'-AGACGAGGUACUGAUCAGCdTdT-3'
5'-GCUGAUCAGUACCUCGUCUdTdT-3'
hsaRNA-3 5'-CAGGACACGUGUGCGCUUUdTdT-3'
5'-AAAGCGCACACGUGUCCUGdTdT-3'
ncRNA 5'-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT-3'
5'-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAAdTdT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250806997475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

人saRNA序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
hsaRNA-1 5'-CAAGCAUCCACUUUCUCAGdTdT-3'
5'-CUGAGAAAGUGGAUGCUUGdTdT-3'
hsaRNA-2 5'-AGACGAGGUACUGAUCAGCdTdT-3'
5'-GCUGAUCAGUACCUCGUCUdTdT-3'
hsaRNA-3 5'-CAGGACACGUGUGCGCUUUdTdT-3'
5'-AAAGCGCACACGUGUCCUGdTdT-3'
ncRNA 5'-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT-3'
5'-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAAdTdT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250895077861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

RT-qPCR primer sequence.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
Hum ABCG2 Forward: 5'-GAAACCTGGTCTCAACGCCA-3'
Reverse: 5'-GGTCGCGGTGCTCCATTTAT-3'
Hum GAPDH Forward: 5'-GGTTGTCTCCTGCGACTTCA-3'
Reverse: 5'-TGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACTCC-3'
Mus ABCG2 Forward: 5'-ACTGAAGAAGACGGTGGATGCT-3'
Reverse: 5'-GTTGTCCGTTACATTGAATCCTGG-3'
Mus GAPDH Forward: 5'-CCTCGTCCCGTAGACAAAATG-3'
Reverse: 5'-TGAGGTCAATGAAGGGGTCGT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073250999935464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Sequence
Hum ABCG2 Forward: 5'-GAAACCTGGTCTCAACGCCA-3'
Reverse: 5'-GGTCGCGGTGCTCCATTTAT-3'
Hum GAPDH Forward: 5'-GGTTGTCTCCTGCGACTTCA-3'
Reverse: 5'-TGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACTCC-3'
Mus ABCG2 Forward: 5'-ACTGAAGAAGACGGTGGATGCT-3'
Reverse: 5'-GTTGTCCGTTACATTGAATCCTGG-3'
Mus GAPDH Forward: 5'-CCTCGTCCCGTAGACAAAATG-3'
Reverse: 5'-TGAGGTCAATGAAGGGGTCGT-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251083821546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

UA content in serum, urine, and intestinal content of each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group c(SUA)
/μmol·L-1
c(UUA)
/μmol·L-1
c(Intestinal UA)
/μmol·L-1
BCG 92.14±21.70 392.52±23.96 405.2±30.98
MG 156.94±22.54 1) 559.07±27.74 1) 459.12±27.4 1)
saRNA-2 125.98±17.02 2) 590.93±20.66 2) 503.53±29.63 2)
saRNA-1+2 109.66±17.77 3) 600.96±21.87 3) 521.82±23.5 3)
BEN 127.84±16.68 2) 591.39±23.05 2) 468.90±25.36
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251188679150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠血清、尿液以及肠道内容物中的UA含量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group c(SUA)
/μmol·L-1
c(UUA)
/μmol·L-1
c(Intestinal UA)
/μmol·L-1
BCG 92.14±21.70 392.52±23.96 405.2±30.98
MG 156.94±22.54 1) 559.07±27.74 1) 459.12±27.4 1)
saRNA-2 125.98±17.02 2) 590.93±20.66 2) 503.53±29.63 2)
saRNA-1+2 109.66±17.77 3) 600.96±21.87 3) 521.82±23.5 3)
BEN 127.84±16.68 2) 591.39±23.05 2) 468.90±25.36
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251251593713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The content of BUN and SCr of each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group c(BUN)/mmol·L-1 c(SCr)/μmol·L-1
BCG 6.72±0.35 30.14±2.64
MG 8.36±0.35 1) 40.62±2.22 1)
saRNA-2 7.76±0.28 2) 37.57±1.83 2)
saRNA-1+2 7.42±0.40 3) 35.41±2.00 3)
BEN 8.30±0.42 41.26±1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251364839925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各组小鼠血清BUN和SCr的含量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group c(BUN)/mmol·L-1 c(SCr)/μmol·L-1
BCG 6.72±0.35 30.14±2.64
MG 8.36±0.35 1) 40.62±2.22 1)
saRNA-2 7.76±0.28 2) 37.57±1.83 2)
saRNA-1+2 7.42±0.40 3) 35.41±2.00 3)
BEN 8.30±0.42 41.26±1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251473891832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Body weight changes of mice in each group during treatment. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/d m(BCG)/g m(MG)/g m(saRNA-2)/g m(saRNA-1+2)/g m(BEN)/g
0 34.84±2.49 34.30±1.75 34.04±1.01 34.36±1.74 34.02±1.09
10 40.36±2.11 40.46±1.65 40.26±1.19 40.20±1.67 40.34±1.43
20 43.04±1.52 44.84±1.52 44.46±1.36 43.86±1.78 42.42±1.59 2)
30 45.04±1.64 47.86±1.18 1) 46.32±1.67 45.88±1.69 43.74±1.10 3)
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251599720956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

药物处理过程中各组小鼠的体质量变化. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/d m(BCG)/g m(MG)/g m(saRNA-2)/g m(saRNA-1+2)/g m(BEN)/g
0 34.84±2.49 34.30±1.75 34.04±1.01 34.36±1.74 34.02±1.09
10 40.36±2.11 40.46±1.65 40.26±1.19 40.20±1.67 40.34±1.43
20 43.04±1.52 44.84±1.52 44.46±1.36 43.86±1.78 42.42±1.59 2)
30 45.04±1.64 47.86±1.18 1) 46.32±1.67 45.88±1.69 43.74±1.10 3)
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251725550079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

XOD activity analysis results of liver in each group mice. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group XOD/U·g-1 prot
BCG 26.77±1.53
MG 31.26±2.30 1)
saRNA-2 28.33±1.97
saRNA-1+2 29.15±3.38
BEN 30.81±2.01
), ArticleFig(id=1249073251817824771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601955346567207, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各组小鼠肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性检测结果. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group XOD/U·g-1 prot
BCG 26.77±1.53
MG 31.26±2.30 1)
saRNA-2 28.33±1.97
saRNA-1+2 29.15±3.38
BEN 30.81±2.01
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1190317596361715715, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国药学杂志, nameEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-2494, eissn=null, cn=11-2162/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761723430007, updatedTime=1761735858241, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, picEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369724262355196, language=CN, name=中国药学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858264, updatedTime=1761735858264, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369724358824189, language=EN, name=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858287, updatedTime=1761735858287, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1190317699101192196, websiteList=[Website(id=1190317834875011552, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761723486870, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723510130, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国药学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318144041353703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723560581, updateTime=1761723560581, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144016187876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723560575, updateTime=1761723560575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144062325226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560586, updateTime=1761723560586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144007799267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723560573, updateTime=1761723560573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144074908140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560589, updateTime=1761723560589, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144032965094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761723560579, updateTime=1761723560579, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144070713835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560588, updateTime=1761723560588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144024576485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761723560577, updateTime=1761723560577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144049742312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723560583, updateTime=1761723560583, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144053936617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723560584, updateTime=1761723560584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1190317834937926113, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761723486885, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723527689, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318170478051825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723566884, updateTime=1761723566884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170461274606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723566880, updateTime=1761723566880, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170494829044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566888, updateTime=1761723566888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170452885997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723566878, updateTime=1761723566878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170507411958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566891, updateTime=1761723566891, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170473857520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761723566883, updateTime=1761723566883, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170503217653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566890, updateTime=1761723566890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170465468911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761723566881, updateTime=1761723566881, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170482246130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723566885, updateTime=1761723566885, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170486440435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723566886, updateTime=1761723566886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国药学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.zgyxzz.com.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, journalPhotoCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPhotoEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/Y2024/V59/I8/713, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/Y2024/V59/I8/713, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/PDF/Y2024/V59/I8/713, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/PDF/Y2024/V59/I8/713, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
saRNA激活ABCG2表达增强肾和肠细胞排泄尿酸的研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
贾少平 1 , 葛科立 2 , 杨柳 1 , 张志霞 1, 3 , 张金玉 1 , 葛银林 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(8): 713-723
收起
收藏切换
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(8): 713-723
saRNA激活ABCG2表达增强肾和肠细胞排泄尿酸的研究
全屏
贾少平1, 葛科立2, 杨柳1, 张志霞1, 3, 张金玉1, 葛银林1, *
作者信息
  • 1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 2 青岛大学基础医学院免疫学系, 山东 青岛 266011
  • 3 山东商业职业技术学院, 济南 250103
  • 贾少平,男,硕士 研究方向:基因治疗

通讯作者:

*葛银林,男,博士,教授 研究方向:基因治疗 Tel:13780659749
Enhanced Expression of ABCG2 by saRNA increases Uric Acid Excretion of Renal and Intestinal Cells in Mice
Shaoping JIA1, Keli GE2, Liu YANG1, Zhixia ZHANG1, 3, Jinyu ZHANG1, Yinlin GE1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, China
  • 3 Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
出版时间: 2024-04-22
文章导航
收藏切换

目的 筛选、研究小激活RNA(small activating RNA, saRNA)增强ABCG2基因表达对肾、肠细胞排泄尿酸(uric acid,UA)的影响,探索促进UA排泄的全新一类治疗机制药物。方法 设计靶向小鼠和人ABCG2基因的saRNA,转染小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK-1)和人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)细胞,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和Western Blot筛选强激活效果的saRNA;检测强激活saRNA增强TCMK-1和HK-2细胞排泄UA的作用。筛选的saRNA通过尾静脉注射高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)模型小鼠,检测血尿酸(serum uric acid, SUA)、尿尿酸(urine uric acid, UUA)、肠道UA、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)和血清肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr)含量,以及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性,验证所选saRNA促进UA排泄的作用。苏木精-伊红染色法(H&E)染色观察小鼠肾脏和小肠病理改变。RT-qPCR,Western blot和免疫组化分析肾脏和小肠ABCG2基因表达水平。结果 筛选到小鼠和人ABCG2 saRNA各2条,分别命名为saRNA-1/2和hsaRNA-1/2,能够提高TCMK-1和HK-2细胞ABCG2基因的表达(P<0.05),促进胞内UA排泄(P<0.05)。saRNA-1/2能够提高HUA模型小鼠UUA和肠道UA含量(P<0.05),降低SUA,BUN和SCr的含量(P<0.05),改善HUA对肾脏和小肠的损伤。saRNA-1/2促进了小鼠肾脏和小肠中ABCG2基因的表达,但对小鼠肝脏中XOD的活性没有明显影响(P>0.05)。结论 所筛选的saRNA能够提高ABCG2基因的表达,并促进细胞内和小鼠体内UA的排泄,降低SUA水平。

高尿酸血症  /  尿酸  /  小激活RNA  /  ABCG2  /  基因表达

OBJECTIVE To screen and study the effects of small activating RNA (saRNA) enhancing the expression of ABCG2 gene on renal and intestinal cell excretion of uric acid (UA) to explore a new type of therapeutic mechanism drugs to promote UA excretion. METHODS saRNAs targeting mice and human ABCG2 genes were designed and screened by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot in mice TCMK-1 and human HK-2 cells. The effect of the selected saRNA on the excretion of UA was examined in TCMK-1 and HK-2 cells. The mice saRNA was injected into the tail vein of hyperuricemia (HUA) model mice. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urinary uric acid (UUA), intestinal uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr), and the activity of liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the mice were detected to verify the ability of selected saRNA to promote UA excretion. The pathological changes of kidney and small intestine were analyzed through H&E. The expression of ABCG2 in kidney and small intestine was analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four saRNAs targeting ABCG2 were selected, 2 for mice and 2 for human, named saRNA-1/2 and hsaRNA-1/2 respectively, which increased the expression of ABCG2 in TCMK-1 and HK-2 cells (P<0.05), and promoted the extracellular excretion of UA (P<0.05). In HUA model mice, saRNA-1/2 increased the levels of UUA and intestinal UA (P<0.05), reduced the levels of SUA, BUN, and SCr (P<0.05), decreased the damage of HUA to kidney and small intestine, and enhanced the expression of ABCG2 in kidney and small intestine, but did not show significant effect on the activity of liver XOD (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The selected saRNAs could enhance the expression of ABCG2 and promote the excretion of UA in cells and mice, reducing SUA level.

hyperuricemia  /  uric acid  /  saRNA  /  ABCG2  /  gene expression
贾少平, 葛科立, 杨柳, 张志霞, 张金玉, 葛银林. saRNA激活ABCG2表达增强肾和肠细胞排泄尿酸的研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (8) : 713 -723 .
Shaoping JIA, Keli GE, Liu YANG, Zhixia ZHANG, Jinyu ZHANG, Yinlin GE. Enhanced Expression of ABCG2 by saRNA increases Uric Acid Excretion of Renal and Intestinal Cells in Mice[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (8) : 713 -723 .
尿酸(uric acid, UA)是嘌呤代谢的终产物,由肝脏中的黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)催化产生的,主要以单钠尿酸盐的形式通过血浆中的血红蛋白进行运输[1-2]。当机体UA产生过多或者UA排泄障碍时,会导致高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)的发生。血清尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)浓度超过其饱和浓度,会以单钠尿酸盐的形式沉积于关节和关节周围软组织,造成痛风(gout)[3]。别嘌呤醇(allopurinol)、非布司他(febuxostat)、苯溴马隆(benzbromarone)是临床上用于降低SUA的几种常用药物。这些小分子化学药物或靶向XOD、或靶向肾小管尿酸转运蛋白-1(urate transporter 1,URAT1),都有不同的毒副作用[4]。亟需寻找具有新的治疗机制、更安全的药物。
肾脏和小肠是UA排泄的主要器官,人体中约有2/3的UA从肾脏排泄,约1/3的UA从肠道排泄[5]。UA排泄不足是导致HUA的主要因素[6]。三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2, ABCG2)是一种高容量的尿酸盐转运蛋白[7],主要在肾脏和小肠中表达[8-9],对尿酸盐的排泄至关重要。理论上提高ABCG2基因的表达,可以降低SUA,但是如何提高ABCG2基因的表达还没有有效的办法。
利用小分子双链RNA提高目的基因的转录,从而提高对应蛋白的表达。这种现象被称为RNA激活(RNAa)[10],这种小RNA被称为small activating RNA(saRNA)。
在本研究中,为了探索治疗HUA的新型药物及其机制,本研究分别设计了靶向小鼠和人ABCG2基因启动子序列的saRNA,转染小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK-1)和人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2),增强ABCG2基因的表达,检测对TCMK-1和HK-2细胞排泄UA的作用,以及对HUA模型小鼠UA含量的影响,分析小鼠肾脏组织和小肠组织的病理学变化,以验证ABCG2基因作为治疗痛风病靶点的可行性,为开发新的痛风药物奠定实验基础。
SPF级KM小鼠,雄性,4周龄,体质量18~20 g[济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司,许可证号:SYXK(鲁)20200009];小鼠TCMK-1细胞(湖南丰晖生物科技有限公司);人HK-2细胞(青岛大学附属医院肾内科赠予)。
胎牛血清(Gibico,美国);胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化液、电泳液、电转液、细胞培养瓶、6孔板、蛋白预染Marker、化学发光试剂盒、MonScriptTM RT III Super Mix with dsDNase (Two-Step)、MonAmpTM Fast SYBR® Green qPCR Mix(莫纳生物科技有限公司);UA、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、XOD检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司);Trizol(北京诺贝莱生物科技有限公司);EntransterTM-R4000、EntransterTM-in vivo(北京英格恩生物科技有限公司);重组anti-BCRP/ABCG2抗体(abcam,英国);苯溴马隆(Excella GmbH,昆山龙灯瑞迪制药有限公司);氧嗪酸钾与羧甲基纤维素钠(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。
从美国国家生物信息中心(NCBI)查得小鼠和人ABCG2基因的DNA序列,在小鼠ABCG2基因启动子上游200~800 bp内,设计9个saRNA序列,命名为saRNA(1~9);在人ABCG2基因启动子上游200~1 000 bp内设计3个saRNA序列,命名为hsaRNA(1~3)。委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成saRNA序列及阴性对照序列。序列信息见表1~2。
将TCMK-1和HK-2细胞以每孔1×105个,接种于6孔板中。当细胞汇合度达到40%~60%时,按照RNA转染试剂EntransterTM-R4000说明书,转染saRNA序列及阴性对照序列(终浓度100 nmol·L-1)。不做任何处理的空白孔作对照。
用1 mL Trizol试剂从6孔板或组织中提取总RNA。按照MonScriptTM RTⅢ Super Mix with dsDNase (Two-Step)说明书,将1 μg总RNA逆转录为cDNA。按照MonAmpTM Fast SYBR®Green qPCR Mix试剂说明书,通过RT-qPCR检测细胞或组织者中ABCG2 mRNA的表达量。以GAPDH作为内参。引物序列设计见表3
加入200 μL含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA细胞裂解液,从细胞或组织中提取总蛋白,BCA测定上清中蛋白浓度。利用质量分数10%丙烯酰胺凝胶进行Western blot实验,每孔上样20~30 μg总蛋白。以β-actin为内参。分析细胞或组织中ABCG2蛋白的表达情况。
将细胞种于6孔板中,TCMK-1细胞分为空白组(BCG)、UA组(UA)、UA+saRNA-1组(UA+saRNA-1)、UA+saRNA-2组(UA+saRNA-2)及UA+saRNA联合应用组(UA+saRNA-1+2,saRNA-1和saRNA-2各50 nmol · L-1);HK-2细胞分为空白组(BCG)、UA组(UA)、UA+hsaRNA-1组(UA+hsaRNA-1)、UA+hsaRNA-2组(UA+hsaRNA-2)及UA+hsaRNA联合应用组(UA+hsaRNA-1+2,hsaRNA-1和hsaRNA-2各50 nmol · L-1)。细胞转染saRNA 96 h后,将6孔板中的完全培养基替换为含有400 μmol· L-1 UA的完全培养基,而空白孔仍为不含UA的完全培养基,再继续培养24 h。利用胰酶消化并收集细胞,用PBS将细胞反复离心清洗3次后,计数相同数量的细胞(约20万个)离心取沉淀,加入30 μL纯水,热休克法破碎细胞。12 000 r·min-1离心15 min取上清。利用UA检测试剂盒,检测上清中UA的含量,同时检测培养基中UA含量。
4周龄KM小鼠适应性喂养1周后,将25只SPF级KM小鼠随机分为5组。分别为空白组(BCG)、模型组(MG)、saRNA-2组(saRNA-2)、saRNA联合应用组(saRNA-1+2)、苯溴马隆组(BEN),每组5只。空白组小鼠正常饲料饮食,并每日灌胃与其他组等体积的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。模型组、saRNA-2组、saRNA-1+2组、BEN组造模饲料饮食(含有10%酵母+10%果糖+80%基础饲料),并每日以250 mg·kg-1氧嗪酸钾溶液灌胃。BEN组每日灌胃苯溴马隆,用量为6.5 mg·kg-1。saRNA组将saRNA封装至体内转染试剂(EntransterTM-in vivo)中后,以2 mg·kg-1用量通过尾静脉注射给药,每3天注射1次,共注射6次。边造模边治疗,持续30 d。期间观察小鼠的生长状态,并记录体质量。
在造模结束后,小鼠禁水禁食10 h,然后通过眼眶取血收集血清;通过刺激小鼠膀胱排尿,采集小鼠尿液。小鼠处死后,立即摘取小鼠小肠(从十二指肠至回肠部分),从十二指肠上端注入1 mL生理盐水,并在回肠末端收集小肠内容物。取小鼠肾脏和回肠,一部分置于4%多聚甲醛中,常温固定(避光);一部分置于-80 ℃保存。取小鼠肝脏,置于-80 ℃保存。
取得的血液,4 ℃静置2 h后,2 000 r·min-1离心10 min,以分离血清。小肠内容物和小鼠尿液以5 000 r·min-1离心15 min,收集上清。检测SUA、尿尿酸(UUA)、肠道UA、BUN、SCr等指标。
小鼠处死后,取小鼠肾脏和回肠,用4%多聚甲醛固定后,石蜡包埋,5 μm连续切片。石蜡切片经过脱蜡、复水、苏木精染色、反蓝、伊红染色、脱水、封片等过程,以进行苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色。利用Caseviewer 2.3软件观察组织学变化。
上述石蜡切片经过脱蜡、封闭内源性过氧化物酶、抗原修复后,利用血清封闭。用ABCG2一抗(1∶4 000)常温孵育1 h后,4 ℃过夜。于次日孵育二抗。二氨基联苯胺四盐酸(DAB)显色后加入苏木精复染,经脱水后封片。利用Image-Pro Plus 6.0进行免疫组化灰度分析。
准确称取小鼠肝脏组织1 g,加入9 mL生理盐水,利用组织研磨仪在4 ℃条件下,充分匀浆,制备成10%的匀浆液。3 000 r·min-1离心15 min,收集上清,测定肝脏组织XOD活性。
利用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析,结果表示为($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s)。采用单因素方差分析进行多组间比较,采用LSD-t检验进行组间两两比较。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
利用RT-qPCR和Western blot对所设计的靶向小鼠和人ABCG2基因的saRNA进行了筛选,结果见图1图1A~C所示为小鼠saRNA筛选结果。saRNA-1组、saRNA-2组ABCG2 mRNA(P<0.01,P<0.01)和蛋白(P<0.05,P<0.01)的表达量明显升高,saRNA-1+2提高ABCG2蛋白表达的能力更强(P<0.01)。图1D~F为人hsaRNA筛选结果。hsaRNA-1组和hsaRNA-2组ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白表达量明显提高(P<0.01)。
将两个带有荧光标签的saRNA转染TCMK-1细胞。结果见图2。结果显示,联合转染的两个saRNA互不干扰,并且能够共定位于细胞中。细胞核中荧光强度比细胞质中更亮,说明saRNA经转运到达细胞核内。
利用UA检测试剂盒对TCMK-1和HK-2细胞内、细胞外培养基中的UA进行分析,结果见图3图3A、C为细胞内UA含量。小鼠saRNA(saRNA-1,saRNA-2)和人hsaRNA (hsaRNA-1,hsaRNA-2)分别能显著降低TCMK-1和HK-2细胞内UA含量(所有P<0.05)。saRNA联合应用(saRNA-1+2,hsaRNA-1+2),其降低TCMK-1和HK-2内UA含量的能力更强(所有P<0.01)。图3B、D为细胞外(培养基)UA含量。除空白组外都含有充足的UA,因细胞内外体积差异巨大,培养基中UA含量没有检测到差异。
利用UA测试盒检测了小鼠的SUA、UUA以及肠道UA。结果见表4,图4。与空白组相比,模型组SUA(P<0.01)、UUA(P<0.01)和肠道UA(P<0.05)含量明显升高,说明HUA小鼠造模成功。saRNA组(saRNA-2组、saRNA-1+2组,下同)SUA(P<0.05,P<0.01)明显降低,UUA(P<0.05,P<0.01)和肠道UA(P<0.05,P<0.01)明显升高。与saRNA-2组相比,saRNA-1+2组SUA含量更低,UUA和肠道UA含量更高。说明saRNA能够增强肾脏和肠道的UA排泄,从而降低SUA。测量结果见表4
利用BUN和SCR测试盒检测了各组小鼠血清中BUN、SCr的含量,结果见表5,图5。saRNA组BUN(P<0.05, P<0.01)和SCr(P<0.05, P<0.01)含量明显低于模型组。与saRNA-2组相比,saRNA-1+2组BUN和SCr含量更低。说明saRNA能够促进BUN和SCr的排泄。与模型组相比,BEN组BUN和SCr含量没有下降。测量结果见表5
在实验过程中记录各组小鼠的体质量和生长状态,以研究saRNA对小鼠的影响。结果见表6图6。实验结束后,模型组小鼠体质量增长高于其他组,并且明显高于空白组小鼠(P<0.05)。BEN组小鼠在实验结束时,小鼠表现出精神萎靡,食欲减退,毛色粗糙暗淡,体质量持续下降,体质量明显低于空白组(P<0.05)和模型组(P<0.01)小鼠。saRNA组小鼠体质量与空白组和模型组相比差异无统计学意义,且精神状态良好,毛色顺滑光亮,饮食正常。测量结果见表6
为了进一步观察HUA对小鼠肾脏和小肠的影响,各组小鼠肾脏和小肠组织石蜡切片进行了H&E染色。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肾小管上皮细胞排列紊乱,肾小囊腔狭窄并伴有渗出,肾小球肿胀,肾小管水肿渗出,见图7A。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠小肠绒毛上皮细胞排列紊乱,小肠绒毛肿胀、渗出,见图7B;与模型组相比,saRNA组小鼠肾脏和小肠组织损伤得到明显改善;BEN组与模型组小鼠相比,肾脏和小肠组织的损伤更加严重。
利用RT-qPCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测各组小鼠肾脏和小肠中ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,结果见图8。与模型组相比,在小鼠肾脏(图8A~C)和小肠(图8D~F)中,saRNA-2组和saRNA-1+2组ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高。在肾脏中,ABCG2蛋白主要表达于近端肾小管上皮细胞刷状缘膜(图8G)。在小肠中,ABCG2蛋白主要表达于小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛刷状缘(图8H)。定量分析表明(图8I、J),saRNA明显增强了肾脏和小肠中ABCG2蛋白的表达。这与Western blot的结果一致。
由于UA主要由肝脏中XOD催化产生,利用XOD测试盒检测各组小鼠肝脏中XOD的活性,以检测saRNA对XOD活性的影响。结果见表7,图9。与空白组相比,模型组(P<0.05)小鼠肝脏中XOD活性明显升高,这与模型组SUA含量升高相一致。saRNA组与模型组相比,小鼠肝脏XOD活性差异无统计学意义。说明saRNA和BEN对小鼠肝脏XOD活性没有影响。测量结果见表7
长期的HUA会导致多种疾病发生,典型的是导致痛风[1,3,11-13]。目前降UA治疗痛风的常用药物如别嘌呤醇、非布司他、苯溴马隆等小分子化学药物,均具有肝、肾毒副作用以及致敏等问题[4,14-16]。因此,目前对于高效低毒降UA治疗痛风的新方法尤为期待。为此,我们进行了HUA的全新一类治疗机制药物的探索。
增强或过表达1个基因,常将携带该基因的过表达载体导入目标细胞,以表达该基因。但这种方法构建表达载体费时,且DNA载体必须进入细胞核,更重要的是目的基因的表达量无法控制。近年来,将目的基因的mRNA导入目标细胞以表达该基因受到追捧[17-18]。但在体外合成mRNA较为昂贵和复杂,且mRNA易于降解。利用靶向基因启动子的小双链RNA,也可增强基因的表达,称为小激活RNA(saRNA)。该法合成简单,费用较低,易于控制。saRNA在灵长类动物间是保守的。然而人类和啮齿类动物的启动子序列存在显著差异,在啮齿类动物中起作用的saRNA可能在人类细胞中不活跃[19]。这与我们早期的验证实验结果相似。我们将人ABCG2的saRNA应用于小鼠的TCMK-1细胞中,但是并没有检测到小鼠ABCG2基因表达的提高。因此重新设计了小鼠的ABCG2基因saRNA。本研究设计筛选到靶向小鼠和人ABCG2基因的saRNA序列各2条,能够在体外增强TCMK-1和HK-2细胞中ABCG2基因的表达;在HUA模型小鼠体内,小鼠saRNA能够提高肾脏和小肠ABCG2基因的表达。且两个saRNA的联合应用提高ABCG2基因表达的能力更强。
HUA发病机制的研究证明,UA在肾脏和小肠的排出影响了SUA的含量。肾脏和小肠是调节SUA的主要器官,其机制是由多种转运蛋白通过复杂地分泌和再吸收来实现的,其中ABCG2蛋白发挥着重要作用。2008年Dehghan等[20]首次发现ABCG2基因与SUA浓度和痛风有关。ABCG2蛋白功能异常可导致尿酸盐转运障碍,例如其单核苷酸多态性(SNP)之一的Q141K,可导致UA转运降低达53%。人体中约有2/3的UA从肾脏排泄,约1/3的UA从肠道排泄,而ABCG2蛋白在肾脏组织和小肠组织中均有表达,因此,理论上增强ABCG2蛋白表达可促进肾脏和小肠的UA排泄。在本研究中,利用saRNA提高ABCG2蛋白表达后,细胞内UA含量明显降低;HUA模型小鼠体内SUA明显降低,UUA和肠道UA明显升高。这些结果说明:高表达的ABCG2蛋白能够促进细胞内和小鼠体内UA的排泄。在小鼠体内,saRNA提高了肾脏和小肠的UA排泄,从而降低SUA,且两个saRNA的联合应用促进UA排泄的能力更强。
HUA引起小鼠的肾脏和小肠组织损伤,并伴随BUN和SCr的升高,因此,BUN和SCr的水平也反映了肾脏损伤的程度。本研究结果显示:与模型组小鼠相比,saRNA组小鼠肾脏和小肠损伤得到明显改善,BUN和SCr含量也更低,说明saRNA能够通过促进UA排泄,起到对肾脏和小肠的保护作用,且saRNA组小鼠生长状态良好。
在降UA的常用药中,别嘌呤醇、非布司他均是通过抑制XOD的活性,减少UA合成,从而降低SUA水平;而BEN则通过抑制肾小管URAT1,抑制肾小管UA重吸收而促进UA排泄,降低SUA水平[4]。我们设计的saRNA是促进ABCG2表达,促进SUA转运至尿中,降低SUA水平,机制上与BEN类似。虽然BEN具有降UA的作用,但有严重的副作用,包括线粒体毒性、代谢产物的肝脏损伤及损伤细胞氧化防御功能等。因此,BEN作为药物参照是合理的选择。
H&E染色结果表明,BEN组小鼠肾脏和小肠组织H&E染色结果与模型组小鼠相比没有改善,BUN和SCr含量反而有所上升,体质量下降明显,说明BEN不能降低血清中BUN和SCr的含量,反而会对小鼠的肾脏和小肠组织造成损伤,影响小鼠的生长状态。对于saRNA而言,则没有这些现象。该结果印证了BEN具有毒副作用,并证实了saRNA有效且无毒副作用。
Wang等[21]利用菊苣提高小鼠肠道中ABCG2蛋白的表达,可以促进小鼠肠道中UA的排泄,降低SUA。Sun等[22]将合成的小鼠ABCG2 mRNA通过尾静脉注射进入小鼠体内,表达ABCG2蛋白,可以促进肾脏UA的排泄。Lu等[23]利用Empagliflozin(一种抗糖尿病药物),也可降低HUA小鼠的SUA,其机制是通过AMP依赖蛋白激酶[adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase, AMPK]/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B, Akt)/环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein, CREB)信号通路,以CREB激活ABCG2基因启动子,从而提高肾脏和回肠细胞的ABCG2蛋白的表达,促进UA排泄。我们目前的saRNA结果与之相似。但saRNA制备方便,成本低,更容易进入细胞且安全有效,适合在动物体内应用。
总之,为探索HUA的全新一类治疗机制药物,本研究设计筛选了靶向ABCG2基因的saRNA,将其转染进入细胞后,在细胞水平和动物水平实现了增强ABCG2基因表达,证明了所设计的saRNAs能够促进细胞和HUA模型小鼠向外排泄UA,改善了HUA模型小鼠的肾脏和小肠功能,且没有BEN的副作用,对肝脏中XOD的活性没有影响。本研究结果为以ABCG2基因为靶标治疗HUA的小核酸药物开发提供了实验基础,为HUA的治疗提供了新的策略。
  • 山东省科技计划资助(2014GGH218023)
  • 山东省重点研发项目资助(2017GSF218084)
  • 青岛市应用基础研究项目资助(19-6-2-31-cg)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
MAZZALI M, KANBAY M, SEGAL M S, et al. Uric acid and hypertension: cause or effect?[J]. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2010, 12(2): 108-117.
[2]
TERKELTAUB R, BUSHINSKY D A, BECKER M A. Recent developments in our understanding of the renal basis of hyperuricemia and the development of novel antihyperuricemic therapeutics[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2006, 8(Suppl.1): S4. DOI: 10.1186/ar1909.
[3]
DALBETH N, GOSLING A L, GAFFO A, et al. Gout[J]. Lancet, 2021, 397(10287): 1843-1855.
[4]
XU D, ZHU X X, ZOU H J, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gout in China[J]. Chin J Intern Med (中华内科杂志), 2023, 62(9): 1068-1076.
[5]
HOSOMI A, NAKANISHI T, FUJITA T, et al. Extra-renal elimination of uric acid via intestinal efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2): e30456. DOI: 10. 1371 / journal. pone. 0030456.
[6]
NAKANISHI T, OHYA K, SHIMADA S, et al. Functional cooperation of URAT1 (SLC22A12) and URATv1 (SLC2A9) in renal reabsorption of urate[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2013, 28(3): 603-611.
[7]
WOODWARD O M. ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout[J]. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2015, 309(6): F485-F488.
[8]
WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, et al. Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia[J]. Nutr Metab, 2021, 18(1): 109. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6.
[9]
WOODWARD O M, KÖTTGEN A, CORESH J, et al. Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(25): 10338-10342.
[10]
LI L C, OKINO S T, ZHAO H, et al. Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103(46): 17337-17342.
[11]
KODAMA S, SAITO K, YACHI Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(9): 1737-1742.
[12]
LANASPA M A, SANCHEZ-LOZADA L G, CHOI Y J, et al. Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and-independent fatty liver[J]. J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(48): 40732-40744.
[13]
CICERCHI C, LI N, KRATZER J, et al. Uric acid-dependent inhibition of AMP kinase induces hepatic glucose production in diabetes and starvation: evolutionary implications of the uricase loss in hominids[J]. FASEB J, 2014, 28(8): 3339-3350.
[14]
STAMP L K, BARCLAY M L. How to prevent allopurinol hypersensitivity reactions?[J]. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2018, 57 (Suppl 1): i35-i41.
[15]
HORIUCHI H, OTA M, NISHIMURA S, et al. Allopurinol induces renal toxicity by impairing pyrimidine metabolism in mice[J]. Life Sci, 2000, 66(21): 2051-2070.
[16]
WANG H, PENG Y, ZHANG T, et al. Metabolic epoxidation is a critical step for the development of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2017, 45(12): 1354-1363.
[17]
KWON H, KIM M, SEO Y, et al. Emergence of synthetic mRNA: in vitro synthesis of mRNA and its applications in regenerative medicine[J]. Biomaterials, 2018, 156: 172-193.
[18]
POLACK F P, THOMAS S J, KITCHIN N, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(27): 2603-2615.
[19]
PORTNOY V, HUANG V, PLACE R F, et al. Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA, 2011, 2(5): 748-760.
[20]
DEHGHAN A, KÖTTGEN A, YANG Q, et al. Association of three genetic loci with uric acid concentration and risk of gout: a genome-wide association study[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9654): 1953-1961.
[21]
WANG Y, LIN Z, ZHANG B, et al. Cichorium intybus L. promotes intestinal uric acid excretion by modulating ABCG2 in experimental hyperuricemia[J]. Nutr Metab, 2017, 14: 38. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0190-6.
[22]
SUN Z X, GE K L, ZHANG Z X, et al. The ABCG2 mRNA synthesized in vitro promoted uric acid excretion in mice[J]. Chin J Biochem Mol Biol (中国生物化学与分子生物学报), 2021, 37(8): 1100-1109.
[23]
LU Y H, CHANG Y P, LI T, et al. Empagliflozin attenuates hyperuricemia by upregulation of ABCG2 via AMPK/AKT/CREB signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2020, 16(3): 529-542.
2024年第59卷第8期
PDF下载
79
42
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2023-09-28
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-04-22
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-28
基金
山东省科技计划资助(2014GGH218023)
山东省重点研发项目资助(2017GSF218084)
青岛市应用基础研究项目资助(19-6-2-31-cg)
作者信息
    1 青岛大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系, 山东 青岛 266071
    2 青岛大学基础医学院免疫学系, 山东 青岛 266011
    3 山东商业职业技术学院, 济南 250103

通讯作者:

*葛银林,男,博士,教授 研究方向:基因治疗 Tel:13780659749
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/1248601955346567207
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏