Article(id=1248601952062428085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)08-0732-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619503273, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1713715200000, pubDateStr=2024-04-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619503273, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619503273, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619503273, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248601950581842932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='657', pageEnd='754', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619502920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775620003727, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248604051202527795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601950581842932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=732, endPage=737, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248601952393778105, articleId=1248601952062428085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=An HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Concentrations of Linezolid and its Metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in Human Plasma, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of linezolid and its main metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in human plasma, and monitor the blood concentration of critically ill patients. METHODS The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with chloramphenicol as internal standard, acidified acetonitrile as protein precipitator, and bisolvent mobile phase consisting of A acetonitrile, B citric acid (0.1 mol·L-1)-sodium hydrogen phosphate (0.2 mol·L-1) buffer solution (pH 3.0). The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃, and the sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS Linezolid had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.5-40 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 9). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.1 μg·mL-1. PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 had good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.5-20 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 8 and r=0.999 6), the lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.2 μg·mL-1. In 10 critically ill patients, plasma linezolid and PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 were 3.62, 1.88 and 2.30 times higher in patients with renal insufficiency than in patients with normal renal function, respectively. There was a strong correlation between exposure of linezolid and its metabolites and thrombocytopenia and anemia. CONCLUSION The method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and can be used to monitor the blood concentration of linezolid and its metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in critically ill patients and study the correlation of adverse reactions.

, correspAuthors=Xiaofeng WANG, Dongfeng YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Junqiang GOU, Qian LI, Xiaoli ZHOU, Ning FAN, Meng LI, Xiaofeng WANG, Dongfeng YIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248601953299747788, articleId=1248601952062428085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=HPLC法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血药浓度, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586浓度,用于危重症患者血药浓度监测。方法 以氯霉素为内标,酸化乙腈(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)为蛋白沉淀剂,双溶剂流动相为A乙腈、B枸橼 酸(0.1 mol·L-1)-磷酸氢二钠(0.2 mol·L-1)缓冲溶液(pH 3.0),色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流速0.5 mL·min-1,梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样量20 μL。结果 利奈唑胺在0.5~40 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.1 μg·mL-1;PNU-142300和PNU-142586在0.5~20 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8和r=0.999 6),定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.2 μg·mL-1。10例重症患者中肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺及代其谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586暴露量分别为肾功能正常患者的3.62、1.88和2.30倍,且利奈唑胺及其代谢物暴露量与血小板减少和贫血间具有较强的相关性。结论 该方法操作简便,灵敏、准确度高,可用于重症患者利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586临床血药浓度监测和不良反应相关性研究。

, correspAuthors=王晓锋, 尹东锋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王晓锋,男,博士,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物化学及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992847;
尹东锋,男,博士,博士生导师 研究方向:药物新剂型及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992862
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苟军强,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:临床药学及药物评价

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苟军强,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:临床药学及药物评价

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=高效液相色谱法)], refs=[Reference(id=1249073246600110471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=1759, pageEnd=1767, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=HASHEMIAN S M R, FARHADI T, GANJPARVAR M, journalName=Drug Des Dev Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HASHEMIAN S M R, FARHADI T, GANJPARVAR M. 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DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.967311., articleTitle=Expert consensus statement on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247313142176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=45, issue=18, pageStart=1417, pageEnd=1420, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHANG X H, HU L F, WANG Z Q, journalName=Chin Pharm J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG X H, HU L F, WANG Z Q. Determination of linezolid in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chin Pharm J (中国药学杂志), 2010, 45(18): 1417-1420., articleTitle=Determination of linezolid in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247392833953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=7, issue=21, pageStart=227, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=FAN P L, ZHANG H F, ZHANG L, journalName=Chin J Mod Drug Appl, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN P L, ZHANG H F, ZHANG L, et al. Determination of linezolid in blood by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chin J Mod Drug Appl (中国现代药物应用), 2013, 7(21): 227-228., articleTitle=Determination of linezolid in blood by high performance liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247464137124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=178, issue=1, pageStart=112968, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=SOUZA E, FELTON J, CRASS R L, journalName=J Pharm Biomed Anal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOUZA E, FELTON J, CRASS R L, et al. Development of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantification of linezolid and its primary metabolites in human serum[J]. 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Clin Chem Lab Med, 2014, 52(3): 381-389., articleTitle=Quantification of linezolid in serum by LC-MS/MS using semi-automated sample preparation and isotope dilution internal standardization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247728378289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=353, pageEnd=355, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LI J SH, WU H W, journalName=Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J SH, WU H W. Determination of linezolid concentration in blood by HPLC[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm (中国现代应用药学), 2010, 28(4): 353-355., articleTitle=Determination of linezolid concentration in blood by HPLC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247795487158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=70, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=TSUJI Y, HIRAKI Y, MATSUMOTO K, journalName=J Infect Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TSUJI Y, HIRAKI Y, MATSUMOTO K, et al. Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2011, 17(1): 70-75., articleTitle=Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073247879373238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=636, pageEnd=640, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15 ], rfOrder=14, authorNames=QIU H Y, RONG L, XIE M Y, journalName=中国药房, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU H Y, RONG L, XIE M Y, et al. Research progress of individual administration of linezolid based on population pharmacokinetics[J]. J China Pharm(中国药房), 2023, 34(5): 636-640., articleTitle=Research progress of individual administration of linezolid based on population pharmacokinetics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073248009396668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=121, issue=4, pageStart=303, pageEnd=308, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=PEA F, COJUTTI P G, BARALDO M, journalName=Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEA F, COJUTTI P G, BARALDO M. A 10-year experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid in a hospital-wide population of patients receiving conventional dosing: is there enough evidence for suggesting TDM in the majority of patients?[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2017, 121(4): 303-308., articleTitle=A 10-year experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid in a hospital-wide population of patients receiving conventional dosing: is there enough evidence for suggesting TDM in the majority of patients?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073248177168831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=67, issue=8, pageStart=2034, pageEnd=2042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=PEA F, VIALE P, COJUTTI P, journalName=J Antimicrob Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEA F, VIALE P, COJUTTI P, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring may improve safety outcomes of long-term treatment with linezolid in adult patients[J]. 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A-blank plasma; B-blank plasma+IS; C-blank plasma+linezolid+IS; D-blank plasma+PNU-142586+IS; E-blank plasma+PNU-142300+IS; F-blank plasma+linezolid+PNU-142586+PNU-142300+IS; IS-internal standard(chloramphenicol).

, figureFileSmall=1LGjhei/qAlDGLFzj1f49g==, figureFileBig=r3xCp1aEpDgXAICgOPWvRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073244091916641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HPLC法测定人血浆中利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的典型色谱图

A-空白血浆;B-空白血浆+内标;C-空白血浆+利奈唑胺+内标;D-空白血浆+PNU-142586+内标;E-空白血浆+PNU-142300+内标;F-空白血浆+利奈唑胺+PNU-142586+PNU-142300+内标;IS-内标(氯霉素)。

, figureFileSmall=1LGjhei/qAlDGLFzj1f49g==, figureFileBig=r3xCp1aEpDgXAICgOPWvRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073244184191333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Correlation between plasma concentrations of linezolid, PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 and platelet count and hemoglobin concentration in patients with renal insufficiency, figureFileSmall=VooOuy7fs40MI9LU/YexBg==, figureFileBig=8IeHfaAXwxbM822Gl+jouw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073244314214767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, label=图3, caption=肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586药物浓度与血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度间的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=VooOuy7fs40MI9LU/YexBg==, figureFileBig=8IeHfaAXwxbM822Gl+jouw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073244389712243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Recoveries and precision of linezolid, PNU-142300 and PNU-142586. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Nominal
consideration
/μg·mL-1
Intra-assay Inter-assay
Found
/μg·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Found
/μg·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Linezolid 1 0.99±0.05 98.51±4.73 4.80 1.00±0.01 99.99±0.72 0.72
5 5.17±0.05 103.46±0.92 0.98 5.03±0.11 100.65±2.16 2.14
20 20.90±0.37 104.50±1.86 1.78 20.14±0.33 100.69±1.66 1.65
PNU142300 1 1.04±0.02 103.89±1.78 1.71 1.02±0.02 101.75±2.20 2.17
5 5.08±0.03 101.53±0.62 0.61 5.00±0.08 99.93±1.52 1.53
20 20.89±0.54 104.47±2.72 2.60 20.35±0.14 101.76±0.71 0.70
PNU142586 1 1.00±0.03 99.88±2.66 2.66 0.93±0.03 92.90±3.01 3.24
5 5.13±0.03 102.53±0.53 0.52 4.73±0.25 94.57±5.08 5.38
20 20.28±0.29 101.40±1.96 1.93 18.73±1.29 93.64±6.45 6.89
), ArticleFig(id=1249073244511347061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的回收率及精密度. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Nominal
consideration
/μg·mL-1
Intra-assay Inter-assay
Found
/μg·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Found
/μg·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Linezolid 1 0.99±0.05 98.51±4.73 4.80 1.00±0.01 99.99±0.72 0.72
5 5.17±0.05 103.46±0.92 0.98 5.03±0.11 100.65±2.16 2.14
20 20.90±0.37 104.50±1.86 1.78 20.14±0.33 100.69±1.66 1.65
PNU142300 1 1.04±0.02 103.89±1.78 1.71 1.02±0.02 101.75±2.20 2.17
5 5.08±0.03 101.53±0.62 0.61 5.00±0.08 99.93±1.52 1.53
20 20.89±0.54 104.47±2.72 2.60 20.35±0.14 101.76±0.71 0.70
PNU142586 1 1.00±0.03 99.88±2.66 2.66 0.93±0.03 92.90±3.01 3.24
5 5.13±0.03 102.53±0.53 0.52 4.73±0.25 94.57±5.08 5.38
20 20.28±0.29 101.40±1.96 1.93 18.73±1.29 93.64±6.45 6.89
), ArticleFig(id=1249073244599427447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Stability of linezolid, PNU142300 and PNU14258. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Nominal
consideration
/μg·mL-1
Post-preparative stability Freeze and thaw stability Long-term stability
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Linezolid 1 102.09±3.47 3.40 98.96±1.97 1.99 93.19±0.92 0.98
5 99.72±1.03 1.03 103.18±2.30 2.33 90.36±3.54 3.92
20 100.84±1.77 1.76 104.49±1.91 1.83 95.03±1.91 2.01
PNU142300 1 100.85±1.97 1.95 99.08±2.08 2.09 90.25±1.43 1.58
5 99.94±2.93 2.93 101.12±0.50 0.50 92.23±3.92 4.25
20 101.92±1.21 1.19 97.00±1.98 2.04 84.60±1.23 1.45
PNU142586 1 94.65±0.89 0.94 96.59±1.06 1.10 83.94±3.65 4.35
5 99.24±1.95 1.96 98.00±2.07 2.11 86.17±2.52 2.92
20 97.63±1.31 1.35 95.67±1.42 1.48 87.25±0.96 1.10
), ArticleFig(id=1249073244683313531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

利奈唑胺、PNU142300和PNU142586的稳定性. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Nominal
consideration
/μg·mL-1
Post-preparative stability Freeze and thaw stability Long-term stability
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Accuracy
/%
Precision
(RSD/%)
Linezolid 1 102.09±3.47 3.40 98.96±1.97 1.99 93.19±0.92 0.98
5 99.72±1.03 1.03 103.18±2.30 2.33 90.36±3.54 3.92
20 100.84±1.77 1.76 104.49±1.91 1.83 95.03±1.91 2.01
PNU142300 1 100.85±1.97 1.95 99.08±2.08 2.09 90.25±1.43 1.58
5 99.94±2.93 2.93 101.12±0.50 0.50 92.23±3.92 4.25
20 101.92±1.21 1.19 97.00±1.98 2.04 84.60±1.23 1.45
PNU142586 1 94.65±0.89 0.94 96.59±1.06 1.10 83.94±3.65 4.35
5 99.24±1.95 1.96 98.00±2.07 2.11 86.17±2.52 2.92
20 97.63±1.31 1.35 95.67±1.42 1.48 87.25±0.96 1.10
), ArticleFig(id=1249073246289731965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Plasma linezolid, PNU-142300, and PNU-142586 exposures in patients with non-renal injury and renal injury. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Non-renal injury/μg·mL-1 Renal injury/μg·mL-1
trough concentration peak concentration trough concentration peak concentration
Linezolid 2.84±0.94 11.80±2.56 10.38±2.65 23.02±3.34
PNU142300 2.27±0.47 3.73±0.35 4.27±1.08 10.30±1.66
PNU142586 2.79±0.80 5.78±0.85 6.42±2.35 17.20±2.27
), ArticleFig(id=1249073246453309826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601952062428085, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

非肾损伤和肾损伤患者血浆利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的暴露量. n=5,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Non-renal injury/μg·mL-1 Renal injury/μg·mL-1
trough concentration peak concentration trough concentration peak concentration
Linezolid 2.84±0.94 11.80±2.56 10.38±2.65 23.02±3.34
PNU142300 2.27±0.47 3.73±0.35 4.27±1.08 10.30±1.66
PNU142586 2.79±0.80 5.78±0.85 6.42±2.35 17.20±2.27
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HPLC法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血药浓度
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苟军强 1, 2 , 李倩 2 , 周晓丽 2 , 范宁 2 , 李萌 2 , 王晓锋 2, * , 尹东锋 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(8): 732-737
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(8): 732-737
HPLC法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血药浓度
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苟军强1, 2, 李倩2, 周晓丽2, 范宁2, 李萌2, 王晓锋2, *, 尹东锋2, *
作者信息
  • 1 石河子大学药学院, 新疆 石河子 832003
  • 2 新疆军区总医院药剂科, 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 苟军强,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:临床药学及药物评价

通讯作者:

*王晓锋,男,博士,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物化学及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992847;
尹东锋,男,博士,博士生导师 研究方向:药物新剂型及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992862
An HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Concentrations of Linezolid and its Metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in Human Plasma
Junqiang GOU1, 2, Qian LI2, Xiaoli ZHOU2, Ning FAN2, Meng LI2, Xiaofeng WANG2, *, Dongfeng YIN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
  • 2 Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-22
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目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586浓度,用于危重症患者血药浓度监测。方法 以氯霉素为内标,酸化乙腈(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)为蛋白沉淀剂,双溶剂流动相为A乙腈、B枸橼 酸(0.1 mol·L-1)-磷酸氢二钠(0.2 mol·L-1)缓冲溶液(pH 3.0),色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流速0.5 mL·min-1,梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样量20 μL。结果 利奈唑胺在0.5~40 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.1 μg·mL-1;PNU-142300和PNU-142586在0.5~20 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8和r=0.999 6),定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.2 μg·mL-1。10例重症患者中肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺及代其谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586暴露量分别为肾功能正常患者的3.62、1.88和2.30倍,且利奈唑胺及其代谢物暴露量与血小板减少和贫血间具有较强的相关性。结论 该方法操作简便,灵敏、准确度高,可用于重症患者利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586临床血药浓度监测和不良反应相关性研究。

利奈唑胺  /  PNU-142300  /  PNU-142586  /  高效液相色谱法

OBJECTIVE To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of linezolid and its main metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in human plasma, and monitor the blood concentration of critically ill patients. METHODS The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with chloramphenicol as internal standard, acidified acetonitrile as protein precipitator, and bisolvent mobile phase consisting of A acetonitrile, B citric acid (0.1 mol·L-1)-sodium hydrogen phosphate (0.2 mol·L-1) buffer solution (pH 3.0). The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃, and the sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS Linezolid had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.5-40 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 9). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.1 μg·mL-1. PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 had good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.5-20 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 8 and r=0.999 6), the lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 μg·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.2 μg·mL-1. In 10 critically ill patients, plasma linezolid and PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 were 3.62, 1.88 and 2.30 times higher in patients with renal insufficiency than in patients with normal renal function, respectively. There was a strong correlation between exposure of linezolid and its metabolites and thrombocytopenia and anemia. CONCLUSION The method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and can be used to monitor the blood concentration of linezolid and its metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in critically ill patients and study the correlation of adverse reactions.

linezolid  /  PNU-142300  /  PNU-142586  /  high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)
苟军强, 李倩, 周晓丽, 范宁, 李萌, 王晓锋, 尹东锋. HPLC法同时测定人血浆中利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血药浓度. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (8) : 732 -737 .
Junqiang GOU, Qian LI, Xiaoli ZHOU, Ning FAN, Meng LI, Xiaofeng WANG, Dongfeng YIN. An HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Concentrations of Linezolid and its Metabolites PNU-142300 and PNU-142586 in Human Plasma[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (8) : 732 -737 .
利奈唑胺是首个全合成的恶唑烷酮类抗菌药物, 主要通过与细菌50S核糖体亚基的23SrRNA核苷酸位点结合,抑制70S核糖体复合物的形成并最终抑制细菌蛋白质的合成来发挥独特的抗菌效应[1]。临床主要用于治疗万古霉素耐药的屎肠球菌(vancomycin-resistant enterococci,MRSA)、甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,VREF)以及多药耐药的分枝结核杆菌等引起的复杂性感染[2]
利奈唑胺(linezolid)口服给药吸收迅速而完全,单次给药生物半衰期为5~8 h,绝对生物利用度为100%,血浆蛋白结合率为31%,药物从体内消除缓慢[3]。利奈唑胺主要代谢物为氨基乙氧基乙酸代谢物PNU-142300和羟乙基甘氨酸代谢物PNU-142586,两种主要代谢物均无抗菌活性[4],见图1。利奈唑胺的非肾脏清除率约占利奈唑胺总清除率的65%,稳态时,约有30%的药物以原形、10%以代谢产物PNU-142300、40%以代谢产物PNU-142586的形式随尿液排泄[5]
研究表明,肾功能不全患者血浆中利奈唑胺及两种主要代谢物药物浓度显著高于肾功能正常患者[6],且随着用药时间延长积聚浓度显著增加。因此,对重症患者进行血浆药物浓度监测并及时调整给药方案,使药物谷浓度维持在2~8 μg·mL-1的有效范围[7],以保障患者用药的有效性和安全性。本研究首次在国内使用高效液相色谱法同时测定利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血浆药物浓度,为探讨在持续治疗过程中利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物血浆药物浓度与血液系统不良反应间的相关性奠定基础。
Waters Acquity高效液相色谱仪(型号:2487,美国Waters公司);XH-D涡旋混合器(型号:XH-D,上海利闻科学仪器有限公司);高速离心机(型号:TG16-WS,湖南迈克尔实验仪器有限公司);利奈唑胺对照品(纯度:99%,批号:C12939076,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);氯霉素对照品(纯度:99%,批号:0303-9613,中国食品药品检定研究院);PNU-142300和PNU-142586对照品本课题组合成,化合物结构已确证,纯度分别为98%和96%。
本研究获得新疆军区总医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:2023RR0219),感染患者给予利奈唑胺600 mg q12h。自患者给药第1剂起,每隔48 h采集静脉血进行血常规检测,采集血样5 000 r·min-1离心10 min,分离血清,采用HPLC法进行血药浓度测定。
色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:A(乙腈)、B(0.1 mol·L-1枸椽酸-0.2 mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液,pH 3.0);梯度洗脱:0→15 min,A:8%~50%;15→25 min,A:50%;25→30 min,A:50%~8%;流速:0.5 mL·min-1;检测波长:254 nm;柱温:30 ℃;进样量:20 μL。
取利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586对照品适量,精密称定,分别置于5 mL量瓶中,加1 mL二甲基亚砜溶解并用去离子水定容,配制成每1 mL约含1 mg对照品的储备液于4 ℃冷藏备用。精密量取利奈唑胺储备液适量,用去离子水稀释成浓度为400、200、100、50、25、10、5 μg·mL-1的标准溶液;精密量取PNU-142300和PNU-142586的储备液适量,用去离子水稀释成浓度为200、100、75、50、25、10、5 μg·mL-1的标准溶液,利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的质量控制浓度为200、50、10 μg·mL-1
取氯霉素标准品适量,精密称定,置于5 mL量瓶中,加1 mL二甲基亚砜溶解并用去离子水定容,配制成每1 mL约含1 mg氯霉素的储备液于4 ℃冷藏备用。精密量取氯霉素储备液适量,用去离子水稀释成浓度为200 μg·mL-1的内标溶液。
精密吸取血浆样品200 μL,置于1.5 mL离心管中,精密加入内标溶液20 μL,涡旋振荡30 s,再加含0.1%甲酸的酸化乙腈300 μL,涡旋振荡1 min,于15 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清20 μL进样分析。
在该HPLC色谱条件下,氯霉素、利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的色谱峰形良好,保留时间依次为20.30、18.23、13.18、11.28 min。由空白血浆、氯霉素、利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的典型色谱图可看出(图2),空白血浆内源性杂质出峰时间对氯霉素、利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的色谱峰无干扰,基线平稳且各成分分离度良好。
取空白血浆140 μL,分别加入相应浓度的利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586标准溶液各20 μL,使血浆中利奈唑胺浓度为40、20、10、5、2.5、1、0.5 μg·mL-1,PNU-142300和PNU-142586浓度为20、10、7.5、5、2.5、1、0.5 μg·mL-1,按“1.5”项下血浆样品处理方法处理,进样分析。以血浆中利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586 浓度(X)为横坐标,待测物峰面积Ai与内标峰面积As之比值(Y)为纵坐标,用加权最小二乘法作线性回归,得利奈唑胺的线性回归方程为Y=0.172 7X+0.001 7(r=0.999 9),利奈唑胺在0.5~40 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好,定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.1 μg·mL-1;PNU-142300和PNU-142586的线性回归方程分别为Y=0.049 6X-0.004(r=0.999 8)和Y=0.052 7X-0.006(r=0.999 6),PNU-142300和PNU-142586在0.5~20 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好,定量下限为0.5 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.2 μg·mL-1
取空白血浆140 μL,分别加入高、中、低3种浓度的利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586标准溶液各20 μL,配制浓度为1、5、20 μg·mL-1的血浆样品各5份,按“1.5” 项下血浆样品处理方法处理并进样分析,以测得浓度与加入浓度之比计算相对回收率。以1 d内测得的利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586浓度计算日内精密度,以连续测定5次每天测得的利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586浓度计算日间精密度。结果高、中、低3种浓度利奈唑胺的日内平均回收率为(102.16±2.52)%(n=15),相对标准偏差(RSD)≤4.80%,日间平均回收率为(100.44±1.50)%(n=15),RSD≤2.14%;PNU-142300的日内平均回收率为(103.30±1.64)%(n=15),RSD≤2.60%,日间平均回收率为(101.15±1.48)%(n=15),RSD≤2.17%;PNU-142586的日内平均回收率为(101.27±1.70)%(n=15),RSD≤2.66%,日间平均回收率为(93.70±4.85)%(n=15),RSD≤6.89%,结果见表1
取空白血浆140 μL,分别加入高、中、低3种浓度的利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586标准溶液各20 μL,配制浓度为1、5、20 μg·mL-1的血浆样品各5份。考察血浆样品在室温下放置24 h,反复冻融3次,冰冻21 d条件下的稳定性。结果表明,利奈唑胺、PNU142300和PNU142586的血浆样品分别在室温放置24 h(RSD≤3.40%;RSD≤2.93%;RSD≤1.96%),-20 ℃反复冻融3次(RSD≤2.33%;RSD≤2.09%;RSD≤2.11%),-80 ℃冰冻21 d(RSD≤3.92%;RSD≤4.25%;RSD≤4.35%)的稳定性良好,结果见表2
收集本院使用利奈唑胺治疗重症感染的住院患者10例,其中5例患者伴有不同程度的肾损伤[eGFR<90 mL·min-1(1.73m2)-1],所有患者自使用利奈唑胺第1剂起,每隔48 h采集1次静脉血样进行血常规检测和血药浓度监测,考察不同肾功能水平患者体内利奈唑胺及两种主要代谢物药物浓度随疗程的暴露量,并分析与血液系统不良反应的相关性。结果显示,肾损伤患者体内利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的暴露量分别是非肾损伤患者的3.62、1.88和2.30倍,结果见表3。5例肾损伤患者体内利奈唑胺、PNU-142300和PNU-142586的暴露量随疗程与血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度间呈较强的相关性。利奈唑胺(X)与血小板计数(Y)和血红蛋白浓度(Z)间呈中度负相关(Y=-9.94X+299.2,r=0.572,P<0.05;Z=-4.12X+156.2,r=0.585,P<0.05),PNU-142300(X)与血小板计数(Y)和血红蛋白浓度(Z)间均呈强负相关(Y=-27.78X+368.6,r=0.790,P<0.01;Z=-11.59X+179.5,r=0.712,P<0.01),而PNU-142586(X)与血小板计数(Y)和血红蛋白浓度(Z)间呈高度负相关(Y=-8.58X+267.0,r=0.970,P<0.01;Z=-3.39X+140.6,r=0.897,P<0.01),结果见图3
本研究选择与利奈唑胺分离度良好且保留时间较利奈唑胺长的氯霉素为内标[8]。参考Fan等[9]色谱方法,使用水-甲醇体系、水-0.1%甲酸甲醇体系,发现存在代谢物峰形较宽,背景噪音高和保留时间不稳定等问题。参考Souza等[10]、Huang等[11]色谱条件,改用0.1%甲酸水-乙腈和0.1%甲酸水-0.1%甲酸乙腈体系后,代谢物峰形明显改善,但随检测时间延长代谢物保留时间变异较大,考虑为甲酸挥发引起流动相pH改变而代谢物对pH变化较敏感所致。选用柠檬酸(0.1 mol·L-1)-磷酸氢二钠(0.2 mol·L-1)配制pH 3.0的缓冲溶液与乙腈配比进行梯度洗脱,利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物色谱峰形良好,代谢物间分离度较好,保留时间稳定且不受血浆中内源性杂质干扰。使用蛋白沉淀柱进行血浆样品处理,发现其难以有效去除蛋白质和内源性杂质且对待测物有一定的吸附作用[12],因此我们参考Li等[13]血浆样品处理方法,使用1.5倍量的酸化乙腈作为蛋白沉淀剂处理血浆样品,该方法成本低、操作简便,可有效去除蛋白质且样品回收率高。
尽管利奈唑胺药品说明书中明确指出,肝肾功能不全患者使用利奈唑胺无需调整剂量,但现有研究表明,肝肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺及其代谢物暴露量随疗程不断蓄积,且这种高暴露与患者血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度间呈负相关[14]。在《利奈唑胺治疗药物监测和个体化专家共识声明》中建议对肝肾功能不全患者进行治疗药物监测,并推荐将利奈唑胺谷浓度维持在2~8 μg·mL-1的治疗窗内[7]。临床研究表明,当利奈唑胺谷浓度超过高限时,血小板减少和贫血的发生率明显增加[15-16]。Pea等[17]根据利奈唑胺浓度监测进行个体化治疗的前瞻性研究发现,将患者血浆药物谷浓度维持在2~8 μg·mL-1时,可在保证利奈唑胺临床治疗有效性的同时明显降低不良反应发生率。
本研究使用所建立的HPLC法对10例重症患者进行血浆药物浓度监测,结果显示随用药时间延长,利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物浓度不断蓄积,肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的平均谷浓度分别为10.28、4.27和6.42 μg·mL-1,为肾功能正常患者的3.62、1.88和2.30倍(10.28 vs 2.84 μg·mL-1、4.27 vs 2.2 μg·mL-1、6.42 vs 2.79 μg·mL-1)。对5例肾功能不全患者血浆利奈唑胺及其代谢物浓度与血液系统不良反应的分析表明,利奈唑胺及其代谢物暴露量与血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度呈强负相关。其中3例中度肾损伤[eGFR:30~59 mL·min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1]患者血浆利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的平均暴露量明显高于2例轻度肾损伤[eGFR:60~89 mL·min-1(1.73 m2)-1]患者(16.73 vs 12.23 μg·mL-1、8.36 vs 6.50 μg·mL-1、15.73 vs 11.48 μg·mL-1),以上结果表明肾损伤程度与血浆利奈唑胺及其代谢物蓄积浓度呈正相关。本研究同时发现,在肾功能不全患者中代谢物PNU-142586较代谢物PNU-142300具更高的暴露量,且代谢物PNU-142586与血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度间相关性最强。因此,能否将代谢物PNU-142586蓄积浓度作为预测利奈唑胺相关血小板减少和贫血的关键性指标仍值得进一步研究。
总之,本研究建立的HPLC法操作简便,灵敏、准确度高,在检测浓度范围内利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物线性关系良好,检测方法稳定。可用于临床监测利奈唑胺及其代谢物PNU-142300和PNU-142586的血浆药物浓度,并开展利奈唑胺及其主要代谢物浓度与血液系统不良反应间的相关性研究,为临床患者制定个体化给药方案并预防发生血小板减少、贫血等提供指导,从而提高利奈唑胺临床应用的有效性和安全性。本研究的不足之处为临床测试样本量较少,后期我们将通过增加临床样本量来继续探究利奈唑胺及其代谢物蓄积浓度与不良反应间的相关性,并进一步研究通过代谢物暴露量阈值来预测不良反应的可行性。
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2024年第59卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-04-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
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    1 石河子大学药学院, 新疆 石河子 832003
    2 新疆军区总医院药剂科, 乌鲁木齐 830000

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*王晓锋,男,博士,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物化学及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992847;
尹东锋,男,博士,博士生导师 研究方向:药物新剂型及临床药学 Tel:(0991)4992862
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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