Article(id=1248601551279907351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)07-0605-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667664000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619407720, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1712505600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619407720, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619407720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619407720, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248601546695528820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='561', pageEnd='656', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619406627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619979013, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248603947515142525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248603947515142526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=605, endPage=611, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248601551560925724, articleId=1248601551279907351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacodynamics Study of Paclitaxel-loaded Rhein Conjugate Micelles in Tumor-bearing Mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the in vivo pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel-loaded TPGS-modified carboxymethyl chitosan-rhein conjugate micelles (PTX/TPGS-CR micelles) in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The pH and osmotic pressure value of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles were determined. The 4T1 subcutaneous transplanted tumor model was established in Balb/c mice. Taxol® was used as the positive control, and the tumor growth curve and tumor inhibition rate were used as the main indicators. The safety and efficacy of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles were investigated by observing the changes in body weight, organ index and pathological tissue sections of mice, and measuring the expression of P-gp protein in tumor tissues of each group. RESULTS The pH value was similar to that of 0.9% sodium chloride injection (5.0-7.0), and the osmotic pressure value was 736.6-757.2 kPa. The tumor inhibition rates of Taxol® and PTX/TPGS-CR micelle in low, medium and high dose groups were 29.91%, 20.87%, 41.06% and 41.84%, respectively. The antitumor effect of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles was better than that of Taxol® at the same dose (P<0.05), and showed a dose-dependent feature. During the administration period, the body weight and organ of the mice in the PTX/TPGS-CR micelle group at the same dose showed no significantly affected, indicating that PTX/TPGS-CR micelles had better safety. The results of P-gp expression in tumor tissue showed that TPGS-CR micelles could inhibit the expression of P-gp protein. CONCLUSION PTX/TPGS-CR micelle preparation is a nano preparation with high efficiency and low toxicity. It has a good antitumor effect and can reduce the toxicity of PTX. Moreover, it can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to PTX by inhibiting the expression of P-gp, which is conducive to the treatment of tumors.

, correspAuthors=Xiaoying WANG, Wei XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weili LU, Huizhi OUYANG, Xueya XU, Chongxian LI, Yaling ZHENG, Xiaoying WANG, Wei XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248601553590968974, articleId=1248601551279907351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=载紫杉醇的大黄酸偶联物胶束在荷瘤小鼠体内药效学研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究载紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)的D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)修饰的羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸偶联物胶束(PTX/TPGS-CR胶束)在荷瘤小鼠体内的药效学。方法 测定PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的pH值及渗透压。采用Balb/c小鼠建立4T1皮下移植瘤模型,以Taxol®作为阳性对照,以肿瘤生长曲线、抑瘤率等为主要考察指标,通过观察小鼠的体质量变化、脏器指数、病理组织HE染色切片,测定各组肿瘤组织样品P-糖蛋白(P-gp)蛋白表达情况,考察PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的安全性和有效性。结果 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束溶液的pH值与0.9%氯化钠注射液的pH值相近(5.0~7.0),渗透压为736.6~757.2 kPa。Taxol®和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为29.91%、20.87%、41.06%及41.84%。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束制剂的抑瘤效果优于同剂量Taxol®(P<0.05),且对抑瘤效果显示剂量依赖性特征。给药期间,同等剂量下PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组小鼠体质量、器官未受到明显的影响,证明其安全性良好;肿瘤组织P-gp表达结果显示TPGS-CR胶束具有抑制P-gp表达的作用。结论 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束制剂是一种高效、低毒的纳米制剂;其具有良好的抑瘤效果,能降低PTX的毒副作用;并能通过抑制P-gp表达从而提高肿瘤细胞对PTX的敏感性,有利于肿瘤的治疗。

, correspAuthors=王晓颖, 徐伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王晓颖,女,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究 Tel: (0291)22861135;
徐伟,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础及作用机制研究Tel: (0591)22861693
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陆伟利,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究

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陆伟利,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究

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1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, vs control group.

, figureFileSmall=Xf8PlaN6v74QxcQd/FlQ3A==, figureFileBig=BTJ1VLx5R8FBzJdrr+AW3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369535157248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图1, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸偶联物(PTX/TPGS-CR)胶束的荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠瘤体积变化. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

与对照组比较,1) P<0.05, 2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=Xf8PlaN6v74QxcQd/FlQ3A==, figureFileBig=BTJ1VLx5R8FBzJdrr+AW3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369648402439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of Taxol® and low, medium and high dose PTX/TPGS-CR micelles by tail vein injection on tumor weight and tumor inhibition rate of 4T1-bearing Balb/c mice. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

1)P<0.05, 2) P<0.01, vs control group.

, figureFileSmall=qmJhnIaVVWRBk7vJJIP7FA==, figureFileBig=TP5FWIxw+c/ecqx7/6sbQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369723899914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图2, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠瘤质量及抑瘤率的影响. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

与对照组比较,1) P<0.05, 2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=qmJhnIaVVWRBk7vJJIP7FA==, figureFileBig=TP5FWIxw+c/ecqx7/6sbQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369795203086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of Taxol® and low, medium and high dose PTX/TPGS-CR micelles by tail vein injection on 4T1-bearing Balb/c mice, figureFileSmall=CpQm7bfqr+uqkZrFgeA5zg==, figureFileBig=yIVpYxTtUcBFQopX5FTAfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369908449298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图3, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠治疗效果图, figureFileSmall=CpQm7bfqr+uqkZrFgeA5zg==, figureFileBig=yIVpYxTtUcBFQopX5FTAfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073369983946774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of Taxol® and low, medium and high dose PTX/TPGS-CR micelles on body weight changes of 4T1-bearing Balb/c mice by tail vein injection. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=wf0C/Yqam0gtKqLs2lmTTg==, figureFileBig=AAXSYe/pfK9i9qC7OHviOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073370063638553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图4, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠体质量变化的影响. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=wf0C/Yqam0gtKqLs2lmTTg==, figureFileBig=AAXSYe/pfK9i9qC7OHviOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073371607142433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of Taxol® and low, medium and high dose PTX/TPGS-CR micelles by tail vein injection on visceral index of 4T1-bearing Balb/c mice. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

1) P<0.05, vs control group.

, figureFileSmall=EMl3ttvMdjAHLuM9dqaS3w==, figureFileBig=k4l9kzf/3NWoVShzJdCTtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073371678445605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图5, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠脏器指数的影响. n=12,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

与对照组比较,1) P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=EMl3ttvMdjAHLuM9dqaS3w==, figureFileBig=k4l9kzf/3NWoVShzJdCTtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073371791691822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Pathological sections of organs and tumors of 4T1-bearing Balb/c mice administered by tail vein injection of Taxol® and PTX/TPGS-CR micelles in low, medium and high dose groups (×400), figureFileSmall=xIORlESgFDtMuSJoRtp5KQ==, figureFileBig=MMKYKqNjD/hiVpNap/VcNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073371875577907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图6, caption=尾静脉注射Taxol®与低、中、高剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠脏器及肿瘤的病理切片(×400), figureFileSmall=xIORlESgFDtMuSJoRtp5KQ==, figureFileBig=MMKYKqNjD/hiVpNap/VcNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073371938492471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Western blot results of tumor tissue in Balb/c mice

a-Control; b-10 mg·kg-1 Taxol®; c-5 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR micelles; d-10 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR micelles; e-20 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR micelles.

, figureFileSmall=7j+iX0T/FhWlnE5P3YWy/g==, figureFileBig=1lMiTaownzJH2XXT2oLwCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073372047544380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601551279907351, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Balb/c小鼠肿瘤组织的Western blot实验结果

a-对照组; b-10 mg·kg-1市售Taxol®; c-5 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束; d-10 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束; e-20 mg·kg-1 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束。

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载紫杉醇的大黄酸偶联物胶束在荷瘤小鼠体内药效学研究
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陆伟利 , 欧阳惠枝 , 许雪雅 , 李崇仙 , 郑雅玲 , 王晓颖 * , 徐伟 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(7): 605-611
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(7): 605-611
载紫杉醇的大黄酸偶联物胶束在荷瘤小鼠体内药效学研究
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陆伟利, 欧阳惠枝, 许雪雅, 李崇仙, 郑雅玲, 王晓颖*, 徐伟*
作者信息
  • 福建中医药大学药学院, 福州 350122
  • 陆伟利,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究

通讯作者:

*王晓颖,女,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究 Tel: (0291)22861135;
徐伟,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础及作用机制研究Tel: (0591)22861693
Pharmacodynamics Study of Paclitaxel-loaded Rhein Conjugate Micelles in Tumor-bearing Mice
Weili LU, Huizhi OUYANG, Xueya XU, Chongxian LI, Yaling ZHENG, Xiaoying WANG*, Wei XU*
Affiliations
  • College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
出版时间: 2024-04-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.006
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目的 研究载紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)的D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)修饰的羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸偶联物胶束(PTX/TPGS-CR胶束)在荷瘤小鼠体内的药效学。方法 测定PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的pH值及渗透压。采用Balb/c小鼠建立4T1皮下移植瘤模型,以Taxol®作为阳性对照,以肿瘤生长曲线、抑瘤率等为主要考察指标,通过观察小鼠的体质量变化、脏器指数、病理组织HE染色切片,测定各组肿瘤组织样品P-糖蛋白(P-gp)蛋白表达情况,考察PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的安全性和有效性。结果 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束溶液的pH值与0.9%氯化钠注射液的pH值相近(5.0~7.0),渗透压为736.6~757.2 kPa。Taxol®和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为29.91%、20.87%、41.06%及41.84%。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束制剂的抑瘤效果优于同剂量Taxol®(P<0.05),且对抑瘤效果显示剂量依赖性特征。给药期间,同等剂量下PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组小鼠体质量、器官未受到明显的影响,证明其安全性良好;肿瘤组织P-gp表达结果显示TPGS-CR胶束具有抑制P-gp表达的作用。结论 PTX/TPGS-CR胶束制剂是一种高效、低毒的纳米制剂;其具有良好的抑瘤效果,能降低PTX的毒副作用;并能通过抑制P-gp表达从而提高肿瘤细胞对PTX的敏感性,有利于肿瘤的治疗。

紫杉醇  /  聚合物胶束  /  大黄酸偶联物  /  药效学

OBJECTIVE To study the in vivo pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel-loaded TPGS-modified carboxymethyl chitosan-rhein conjugate micelles (PTX/TPGS-CR micelles) in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The pH and osmotic pressure value of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles were determined. The 4T1 subcutaneous transplanted tumor model was established in Balb/c mice. Taxol® was used as the positive control, and the tumor growth curve and tumor inhibition rate were used as the main indicators. The safety and efficacy of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles were investigated by observing the changes in body weight, organ index and pathological tissue sections of mice, and measuring the expression of P-gp protein in tumor tissues of each group. RESULTS The pH value was similar to that of 0.9% sodium chloride injection (5.0-7.0), and the osmotic pressure value was 736.6-757.2 kPa. The tumor inhibition rates of Taxol® and PTX/TPGS-CR micelle in low, medium and high dose groups were 29.91%, 20.87%, 41.06% and 41.84%, respectively. The antitumor effect of PTX/TPGS-CR micelles was better than that of Taxol® at the same dose (P<0.05), and showed a dose-dependent feature. During the administration period, the body weight and organ of the mice in the PTX/TPGS-CR micelle group at the same dose showed no significantly affected, indicating that PTX/TPGS-CR micelles had better safety. The results of P-gp expression in tumor tissue showed that TPGS-CR micelles could inhibit the expression of P-gp protein. CONCLUSION PTX/TPGS-CR micelle preparation is a nano preparation with high efficiency and low toxicity. It has a good antitumor effect and can reduce the toxicity of PTX. Moreover, it can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to PTX by inhibiting the expression of P-gp, which is conducive to the treatment of tumors.

paclitaxel  /  polymeric micelle  /  rhein conjugate  /  pharmacodynamic
陆伟利, 欧阳惠枝, 许雪雅, 李崇仙, 郑雅玲, 王晓颖, 徐伟. 载紫杉醇的大黄酸偶联物胶束在荷瘤小鼠体内药效学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (7) : 605 -611 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.006
Weili LU, Huizhi OUYANG, Xueya XU, Chongxian LI, Yaling ZHENG, Xiaoying WANG, Wei XU. Pharmacodynamics Study of Paclitaxel-loaded Rhein Conjugate Micelles in Tumor-bearing Mice[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (7) : 605 -611 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.006
紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)属于二萜类C20天然化合物,能有效治疗卵巢癌[1]、乳腺癌[2-3]、肺癌[4]、卡波西氏肉瘤[5]、子宫颈癌和胰脏癌等癌症[6-9]。但PTX的水溶性差,生物利用度低,毒副作用大,并且是与肿瘤多药耐药相关的转运蛋白P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的底物。此外,在体内递送PTX的过程中还需克服体内各种物理、化学和酶学障碍[10]。因此,需要适合的递送方法来克服PTX应用缺陷,增强PTX的抗肿瘤活性,减少毒副作用。
聚合物胶束(polymeric micelles,PMs)是由两亲性高分子材料在水性溶液中自组装形成的,具有疏水内核和亲水外壳结构。其特有的“壳-核”结构能够包载疏水性药物,并可以通过胶束表面功能化修饰制备出具有特定功能的胶束[11]
研究表明,D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)能通过抑制特定的P-gp三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶来抑制P-gp对药物的外排[12]。羧甲基壳聚糖(carboxymethyl chitosan,CMCS)是壳聚糖水溶性衍生物,具有良好的生物相容性。大黄酸(rhein,R)为中药大黄的主要成分之一,具有抗炎、抗癌细胞增殖、抗肿瘤血管生成等作用,并能与PTX具有协同抗肿瘤作用[13-14]
本课题组前期已合成了TPGS修饰的羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸偶联物(TPGS-CR偶联物)[15],对其包载PTX的工艺进行了考察研究,制备了载PTX的TPGS-CR偶联物胶束(PTX/TPGS-CR胶束)[16-18],以期该胶束在递送PTX的同时能增强PTX抗肿瘤作用并减少毒副作用。笔者对其体内药效学进行研究,为PTX制剂的开发提供实验依据。
ST3100PH计[奥豪斯仪器(常州)有限公司];MNT-150游标卡尺(上海美耐特实业有限公司);Primo R台式冷冻离心机、HFU586超低温冰箱(美国Thermo Fisher公司);PowerPac Basic基础电泳仪电源、Mini PROTEAN Tetra小型垂直电泳槽、Mini Trans-BLot小型转印槽(美国Bio-Rad公司);Dolphin-Chemi凝胶成像系统(美国WEALTEC公司)。
PTX/TPGS-CR胶束[自制,PTX载药量为(44.17±0.64)%];TPGS-CR偶联物(自制);PTX(批号201801004,上海金和药业有限公司);泰素® (Taxol®)注射液(8K05690,上海百时美施贵宝);10% CriterionTM Tris-HCl Gel、Precision Plus Protein Dual Xtra Standard(美国Bio-Rad公司);SDS-PAGE电泳液、Western转膜液、封闭液、一抗稀释液、二抗稀释液、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(增强型)、10 nmol·L-1 PMSF、PIPA裂解液(强)、SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液、超敏ECL化学发光试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);β-Actin抗体、Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) preadsorbed(英国Abcam公司);20×TBS(20190702,北京索莱宝科技有限公司);Anti-P Glycoprotein Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody(BM4508,美国BOSTER公司)。
4T1细胞株(中国科学院细胞库);清洁级Balb/c小鼠,雌性,体质量(18±2) g [吴氏动物贸易公司,许可证号:SCXK(闽)2016-0001],饲养于福建中医药大学动物实验中心,本研究中的所有动物实验均经福建中医药大学动物委员会批准,并根据机构动物护理要求进行。
按课题组前期优化的制备方法[16],称取课题组合成的TPGS-CR偶联物[18]18 mg,加蒸馏水配制成4 mg·mL-1的溶液,置于冰水浴中探头超声10 min。将600 μL PTX的无水乙醇溶液(质量浓度为30 mg·mL-1)缓慢滴加至上述偶联物溶液中,搅拌20 min后,冰水浴中探头超声分散30 min,然后置透析袋中于2 L蒸馏水中透析24 h,再次于冰水浴中探头超声20 min,过0.8 μm滤膜除去未包载入胶束的PTX,滤液冷冻干燥,即得载PTX的TPGS-CR胶束(PTX/TPGS-CR胶束)冻干制剂。
PTX/TPGS-CR胶束冻干制剂用0.9%氯化钠注射液配制,测定pH值及渗透压。
市售Taxol®、自制PTX/TPGS-CR胶束,临用前加0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释,过0.22 μm滤膜至无菌离心管中备用,每次给药前进行浓度检测。
以4T1小鼠乳腺癌细胞建立荷瘤小鼠模型。收集体外对数生长期的4T1细胞,用0.9%氯化钠注射液冲洗2遍,调整细胞浓度为每毫升1×107个。于每只小鼠右侧腋下皮下接种0.2 mL上述4T1细胞混悬液,7 d后瘤体积长至100~250 cm3时开始给药,将肿瘤体积相对一致的小鼠随机分为5组,每组12只。
对照组:0.9%氯化钠注射液;Taxol®组:10 mg·kg-1;PTX/TPGS-CR胶束低剂量组:5 mg·kg-1;PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中剂量组:10 mg·kg-1;PTX/TPGS-CR胶束高剂量组:20 mg·kg-1
以第一次给药的日期记为第0天,按上述分组及剂量,隔天尾静脉注射给药,注射体积约为0.2 mL,共给药5次,第10天处死小鼠。
每日用游标卡尺测肿瘤的长径及短径,按公式1计算瘤体积。绘制肿瘤生长体积-时间曲线图。
Vtumor=(a2×b)/2
其中a为肿瘤短径,b为肿瘤长径。
于第10日将小鼠处死后,从皮下剖离肿瘤组织,清洗,用滤纸吸干后称重,按公式2计算抑瘤率,评价疗效,进行统计学分析。
IR(%)=(msaline-mdrug)/msaline×100%
其中IR为抑瘤率,mdrug为给药组瘤质量,msaline为对照组(生理盐水组)瘤质量。
给药后,每天测定小鼠质量,绘制小鼠体质量变化曲线,以此衡量药物对小鼠的毒副作用。
第10天处死小鼠后,解剖,分离肿瘤组织、心脏、脾脏、肝脏、肺、肾脏。用0.9%氯化钠注射液洗净各脏器表面残留的血,用滤纸吸干表面水分,精确称量各脏器的质量,按公式3计算相应的脏器指数。
脏器指数(%)=脏器质量(g)/小鼠体质量(g)×100%
取出小鼠肿瘤组织、心脏、脾脏、肝脏、肺、肾脏后,每组取3个单位组织或脏器,体积分数4%多聚甲醛固定24 h,石蜡包埋后切6 μm薄片,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,观察组织病变情况。
将上述各组取出的肿瘤组织剪碎,用生理盐水清洗后放入液氮中保存。取肿瘤组织于冰上加入裂解液(含5%蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF)充分裂解后,4 ℃下12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,吸取下层,按照试剂盒说明书使用BCA法定量蛋白,加入4倍体积上样缓冲液,98 ℃水浴5 min变性,10 000 r·min-1离心5 min,即得总蛋白。置于-20 ℃保存备用。根据目标蛋白相对分子质量为170 000,按照SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒配置质量分数8%的分离胶。凝胶固定在电泳槽中(含SDS-PAGE电泳液),将45 μL样品蛋白加到样品槽中,电压40 V电泳40 min,分离胶内电压90 V,时间80 min。转膜前PVDF膜用甲醇浸泡3~5 s,使膜活化。制备“三明治”放入已装有转膜液的转移槽中,黑色板对准阴极,在转移槽中放入已冰冻的冷却盒后,电压100 V转移1 h。转移后PVDF膜在摇床上室温封闭2 h。TBS洗涤(10 min×3次),一抗(1∶1 000)4 ℃孵育过夜。次日,取出PVDF膜用TBS洗涤(10 min×3次),加入二抗室温孵育2 h。弃二抗稀释液,用TBS洗涤后用ECL化学发光试剂盒显影,用凝胶图像处理系统分析目标条带的灰度值。
所有数据均表示为平均值±标准偏差($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s)。SPSS 26.00软件,通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)对数据进行统计学显著性分析。
PTX/TPGS-CR胶束冻干制剂用0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释至系列浓度为4、2、1、0.5 mg·mL-1测得的pH值分别为(5.01±0.11)、(5.04±0.13)、(5.05±0.12),(5.15±0.11)。其测定的pH值与0.9%氯化钠注射液的pH值相近(5.0~7.0),渗透压为736.6~757.2 kPa,符合人体静脉给药制剂渗透压的要求。
尾静脉注射给药后,各组4T1模型Balb/c小鼠的肿瘤体积变化曲线见图1。从图1可见,与对照组相比,从第5天起各组别的瘤体积开始发生差异,第10日Taxol® (10 mg·kg-1)、PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中剂量组(10 mg·kg-1)、PTX/TPGS-CR胶束高剂量组(20 mg·kg-1)的肿瘤体积有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),说明Taxol®和中、高剂量的PTX/TPGS-CR胶束具有较好的肿瘤治疗效果。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组表现为剂量越大,肿瘤体积越小,说明其治疗效果具有一定的剂量依赖性。其中PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中剂量组与高剂量组瘤体积显著低于Control组(P<0.01),且与Taxol®组等剂量PTX时,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组小鼠肿瘤体积较小,且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。上述数据初步表明PTX/TPGS-CR胶束在体内有较强的抑瘤作用。
肿瘤质量及抑瘤效果见图2~3。给药治疗后,10 d处死荷瘤鼠测其瘤质量,对照组荷瘤鼠平均瘤质量为(1.04±0.26)g,Taxol®、PTX/TPGS-CR 胶束(5 mg·kg-1)、PTX/TPGS-CR胶束(10 mg·kg-1)和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束(20 mg·kg-1)组的平均瘤质量分别为(0.74 ±0.21)g、(0.87±0.26)g、(0.61±0.26)g和(0.61±0.19)g;抑瘤率分别为(29.91±21.2)%、(20.87±24.79)%、(41.06±25.14)%和(41.84±18.46)%。该结果与肿瘤体积结果一致。中、高剂量组的PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的瘤质量显著低于对照组(P<0.01),并且抑瘤率显著高于Taxol®组,呈现较好的抑瘤效果。推测经胶束的包载,PTX能够更多地在肿瘤部位累积,从而发挥了更好的抗肿瘤效果。
尾静脉注射各组制剂对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠体质量增长的影响见图4。对照组小鼠开始给药4 d体质量降低10%,并且体质量一直处于较低的状态,最终体质量与刚开始给药相比降低0.61%,这是由于肿瘤的生长,对照组小鼠的正常食欲和活动受到肿瘤的干扰,影响了小鼠的正常生长状态,其后期体质量稍有上升,更多的是由于肿瘤生长体积过大造成的。Taxol®组和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中剂量组体质量变化较为平缓而后稳步上升了5.35%和5.71%,推测是由于肿瘤生长得到控制使小鼠生存质量提高,呈现较好的生长状态。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束低剂量和高剂量组体质量变化相近,体质量呈现有降低的趋势后恢复,最终体质量增长率分别为2.65%和-0.65%,低剂量组小鼠的体质量出现降低的趋势可能是由于肿瘤细胞的生长未能得到及时控制,从而造成的体形消瘦;高剂量组体质量降低可能是由于PTX剂量的增高导致药物对机体的毒性也增加。
尾静脉注射给药对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠的脏器指数影响见图5。脏器指数降低意味着脏器萎缩和其他的退行性改变;脏器指数增大则为充血、水肿或增生肥大等。与对照组相比,Taxol®组的肝脏和脾脏指数降低,表现出药物对肝脏和脾脏有一定的影响,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);PTX/TPGS-CR胶束高剂量组脾脏指数降低,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),需引起一定的注意;其他剂量组别的脏器指数则没有较大变化,说明PTX/TPGS-CR胶束比Taxol®对脏器影响小,在一定剂量范围内具有较好的安全性。
各制剂尾静脉注射给药对荷4T1的Balb/c小鼠脏器及肿瘤的病理切片见图6。治疗后,对照组及PTX/TPGS-CR胶束低剂量组小鼠的肿瘤组织细胞排列较为紧密,且肿瘤细胞只有少量坏死,而Taxol®组和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中、高剂量组坏死细胞增加,呈现较好的抗肿瘤效果;其中高剂量组的细胞死亡数量最多,表明高剂量组对小鼠乳腺癌细胞的抑制作用最强。
Taxol®组和PTX/TPGS-CR胶束各剂量组的肾脏组织细胞和肾小球等无出现明显的纤维化和坏死细胞。与对照组相比,Taxol®组和高剂量组小鼠的脾脏有少部分的退行性病变,细胞出现部分萎缩,说明对脾脏有一定毒性,该结果与上述脏器指数结果显示的脾脏指数降低结果相一致。从肝脏组织切片中可看出,Taxol®组肝细胞切片出现部分坏死细胞,说明对肝脏有一定的毒性,这与图5中显示的肝脏指数降低结果相一致。各组小鼠肺泡间隔未见增密,肺泡上皮也未增多,肺组织细胞显示正常,说明对肺无影响。
以上结果说明,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的抑瘤效应较好,且对脏器的毒副作用较同等剂量的Taxol®少。不同剂量的PTX/TPGS-CR胶束可能对小鼠脏器会产生不同的影响。
Western-blot结果见图7。P-gp与actin灰度值比值从左向右为1.54、1.38、1.00、1.13、1.02。与生理盐水组相比,各PTX制剂组均能下调P-gp的表达,其中各剂量PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组下调P-gp表达大于Taxol®组,体内药效学实验的中、高剂量组PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的抗肿瘤作用显著强于Taxol®组,推测PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的抗肿瘤的药效,与其对P-gp的抑制作用相关。
临床上,PTX常用的市售制剂是Taxol®,其为PTX的商业化产品之一,大量临床试验已证实其对乳腺癌治疗的有效性,因此,本试验选择Taxol®作为阳性对照药物,用以确定试验的可靠性和对比显示本试验所研究的聚合物胶束制剂抗乳腺癌药效优势。然而Taxol®所含的Cremophor EL会引起一系列急性毒性及过敏反应,使患者的顺应性变差[19]。目前已成功上市的不含Cremophor EL制剂主要有注射用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇Abraxane® [20]、注射用紫杉醇脂质体(Lipusu®)[21]、紫杉醇聚合物胶束Genexol®-PM、Paclical®、Nanoxel® [22]。这些制剂在改善患者顺应性、提高生物利用度、改善药动学性质和疗效、靶向肿瘤方面有一定的成效,但PTX的耐药性问题未能得到解决。
多药耐药性(multidrug resistance,MDR)为临床抗癌失败的重要因素[23-24]。目前最大的关注点是通过抑制三磷酸腺苷结合盒(ATP binding cassette,ABC)药物转运蛋白来逆转MDR表型。P-gp属于ABC转运蛋白家族之一,在人肿瘤细胞中存在过度表达。针对P-gp的耐药机制,逆转肿瘤MDR策略包括采用载体给药系统及P-gp抑制剂。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束中TPGS能够抑制P-gp对药物的外排。本研究中,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束组小鼠肿瘤中P-gp的表达均有下降,表明PTX/TPGS-CR胶束能够抑制P-gp表达。因此,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束既通过包载PTX在其胶束内核中,使PTX不被P-gp识别从而避免外排;也能通过抑制P-gp表达来降低肿瘤细胞对PTX的外排,从而以双重角度避免由于P-gp引起的多药耐药,呈现出对耐药肿瘤治疗的优势。
本实验Balb/c荷瘤小鼠模型的体内药效学研究结果显示,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束对小鼠肿瘤生长具有显著抑制作用,且与相同PTX剂量的市售Taxol®组相比,抑瘤效果更显著,可能与PTX/TPGS-CR胶束的靶向递送及下调P-gp表达有关。PTX/TPGS-CR胶束抗肿瘤效果呈现一定的剂量依赖性,但高剂量组(20 mg·kg-1)也会导致小鼠体质量降低,可能是由于PTX的剂量增加,对机体产生毒性增加。脏器指数数据与脏器组织切片结果显示,与对照组相比,Taxol®组表现出药物对肝脏和脾脏有一定的影响,说明毒性较大;而PTX/TPGS-CR胶束仅在高剂量组对脾脏有一定影响,说明经过TPGS-CR胶束的包载,降低了PTX对于脏器的影响,显著提高PTX使用的安全性。这些体现了该胶束递药系统在递送PTX方面的优势,其原因可能与该胶束对PTX的包载减少对正常组织的损伤、通过增强渗透滞留效应(EPR效应)被动靶向肿瘤组织、载体材料中TPGS和R与PTX的协同作用等相关,具体还需进一步深入研究。
综上所述,PTX/TPGS-CR胶束比Taxol®具有更好的抗肿瘤能力,毒副作用更小,能降低肿瘤中的P-gp表达,表明PTX/TPGS-CR胶束是一种高效、低毒的PTX递药系统,为PTX纳米制剂的临床应用提供研究基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81603301)
  • 福建省科技厅引导性项目资助(2020Y0050)
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2024年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.006
  • 接收时间:2022-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-06
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国家自然科学基金项目资助(81603301)
福建省科技厅引导性项目资助(2020Y0050)
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    福建中医药大学药学院, 福州 350122

通讯作者:

*王晓颖,女,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:缓控释及靶向药物制剂研究 Tel: (0291)22861135;
徐伟,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础及作用机制研究Tel: (0591)22861693
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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