Article(id=1248601549170172430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)07-0627-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.07.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687104000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619407217, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1712505600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619407217, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619407217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619407217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248601546695528820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='561', pageEnd='656', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619406627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619979013, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248603947515142525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248603947515142526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248601546695528820, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=627, endPage=633, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248601549409247759, articleId=1248601549170172430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Causes of Generation of Degradation Impurity Ⅰ of Loxoprofen Sodium Tablets, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the factors affecting the generation of the degradation impurity 2-[(4-acetylphenyl)methyl]cyclopentanone (loxoprofen sodium impurityⅠ) in loxoprofen sodium tablets thus to provide reference for the formulation, preparation process and packaging design of loxoprofen sodium tablets. METHODS Stress testing of loxoprofen sodium and loxoprofen sodium tablets were carried out in conditions of high temperature (60 ℃), high humidity (92.5% RH) and strong light irradiation (4 500 lx). The compatibility test of loxoprofen sodium with excipients, and the content of impurity Ⅰ in bare tablets and different packages of loxoprofen sodium tablets were investigated under accelerated test conditions (50 ℃ and 75% RH). The content of impurity Ⅰ was determined by HPLC. RESULTS Loxoprofen sodium impurity Ⅰ is sensitive to humidity. High water content, moisture attracting and hydrophilic excipients such as calcium hydrogen phosphate, silicon dioxide and sodium starch glycolate might cause a significant increase of impurity Ⅰ. Moreover, there was incompatibility between mannitol and loxoprofen sodium, and the sealing performance of the package of aluminum plastic plate plus aluminum foil bag was better than that of the aluminum plastic plate package alone. CONCLUSION In order to reduce the generation of potentially toxic impurity Ⅰ, the excipients of loxoprofen sodium tablets and the granulation after drying should be controlled for water content. The use of aluminum plastic plate plus aluminum foil bag with better sealing performance can effectively reduce the generation of impurity Ⅰ. In addition, mannitol and loxoprofen sodium have compatibility problems and should be avoided in the prescription.

, correspAuthors=Beijia SHI, Yihong LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mengyuan LIU, Ying TAO, Beijia SHI, Yihong LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248601551716114978, articleId=1248601549170172430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质Ⅰ成因分析, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究影响洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质2-[(4-乙酰基苯基)甲基]环戊酮(杂质Ⅰ)产生的因素,为洛索洛芬钠片的处方工艺及包装设计提供参考。方法 分别在高温(60 ℃)、高湿(92.5% RH)、强光照射(4 500 lx)条件下进行洛索洛芬钠原料药及片剂的影响因素试验。在加速试验条件下(温度50 ℃、湿度75%)进行洛索洛芬钠与辅料的相容性试验,同时考察裸片及不同包材洛索洛芬钠片杂质Ⅰ的含量。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定杂质Ⅰ的含量。结果 洛索洛芬钠高湿环境下易降解出杂质Ⅰ,含水量高、引湿性强、亲水性强的辅料磷酸氢钙、二氧化硅、羧甲基淀粉钠均会引起杂质Ⅰ显著增加,且甘露醇与洛索洛芬钠存在不相容性,铝塑板加铝箔袋的包装密封性能优于单独的铝塑板包装。结论 为避免降解产生潜在的毒性杂质Ⅰ,洛索洛芬钠片辅料及制粒干燥后的颗粒均应控制含水量,处方中应避免加入甘露醇,建议选用密封性能较好的铝塑板加铝箔袋包装。

, correspAuthors=石蓓佳, 陆益红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*石蓓佳,女,硕士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究;
陆益红,女,博士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究 Tel:(025)86251232
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刘梦媛与陶颖为共同第一作者

刘梦媛,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究;

陶颖,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:化学药质量控制研究。

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AAPS PharmSciTech, 2005, 6(2):E311-E322., articleTitle=Excipient selection can significantly affect solid-state phase transformation in formulation during wet granulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1249073377584030687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=88, issue=5, pageStart=548, pageEnd=553, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ANDINI S, BOLOGNESE A, FORMISANO D, journalName=Chemosphere, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANDINI S, BOLOGNESE A, FORMISANO D, et al. Mechanochemistry of ibuprofen pharmaceutical[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 88(5):548-553., articleTitle=Mechanochemistry of ibuprofen pharmaceutical, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249073365005312727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073365017895640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, companyId=1249073365005312727, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073365055644379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, companyId=1249073365005312727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 江苏省食品药品监督检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品杂质谱研究重点实验室, 南京 210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1249073365231805154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073365240193763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, companyId=1249073365231805154, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249073365252776676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, companyId=1249073365231805154, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国药科大学, 南京 211198)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1249073372634751840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structur of loxoprofen sodium(a), loxoprofen sodium impurity Ⅰ(b) and ibuprofen impurity C(c), figureFileSmall=+QP8OOsgL78U/CaT3ZvTvQ==, figureFileBig=sIuIqF0SOTKUWNSvXsf2Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073372714443620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=图1, caption=洛索洛芬钠(a)、洛索洛芬钠杂质Ⅰ(b)及布洛芬杂质C (c)的结构图, figureFileSmall=+QP8OOsgL78U/CaT3ZvTvQ==, figureFileBig=sIuIqF0SOTKUWNSvXsf2Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073372836078447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC Chromatograms of loxoprofen sodium impurity Ⅰ(A) and test solution(B), figureFileSmall=9vlh+neomvr4zUd1/G9ZFg==, figureFileBig=Vwot30KwRVHdE8ZBVauwQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073372999656308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=图2, caption=洛索洛芬钠杂质Ⅰ(A)和供试品溶液(B)的HPLC图, figureFileSmall=9vlh+neomvr4zUd1/G9ZFg==, figureFileBig=Vwot30KwRVHdE8ZBVauwQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073373117096824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Possible formation mechanism of impurity Ⅰ, figureFileSmall=tOtCsE9o+yunA0hps9RMpg==, figureFileBig=aKACHVyoYXSsQqORFv/FsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073373242925949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=图3, caption=杂质Ⅰ形成的可能机制, figureFileSmall=tOtCsE9o+yunA0hps9RMpg==, figureFileBig=aKACHVyoYXSsQqORFv/FsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249073373343589248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Partial list of excipients of loxoprofen sodium tablets from 9 manufacturers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Brand
A B C D E F G H I
Lactose 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Microcrystalline cellulose 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Starch 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 1)
Mannitol 1)
Sodium starch glycolate 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 1) 1) 1) 1)
0.2% Ferric oxide 1) 1)
Hypromellose 1)
Magnesium stearate 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Silicon dioxide 1) 1) 1)
Talc 1) 1)
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373523944325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

9家企业洛索洛芬钠片处方中部分辅料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Brand
A B C D E F G H I
Lactose 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Microcrystalline cellulose 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Starch 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 1)
Mannitol 1)
Sodium starch glycolate 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 1) 1) 1) 1)
0.2% Ferric oxide 1) 1)
Hypromellose 1)
Magnesium stearate 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
Silicon dioxide 1) 1) 1)
Talc 1) 1)
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373607830406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of impurity Ⅰ by HPLC for stress testing of loxoprofen sodium.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand 0 d 60 ℃ 92.5% RH 4 500 lx
5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.20 0.08 0.09
0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.31 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.29 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.27 0.05 0.07
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.33 0.03 0.03
0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.31 0.02 0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373733659531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

洛索洛芬钠影响因素试验杂质Ⅰ含量.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand 0 d 60 ℃ 92.5% RH 4 500 lx
5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.20 0.08 0.09
0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.31 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.29 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.27 0.05 0.07
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.33 0.03 0.03
0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.03 0.03
0.01 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.31 0.02 0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373800768399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of impurity Ⅰ by HPLC for stress testing of loxoprofen sodium tablets.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand 0 d 60 ℃ 92.5% RH 4 500 lx
5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d
A 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07
B 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.13 0.05 0.07
C 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05
D 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.11
E 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08
F 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06
G 0.14 0.24 0.38 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.34
H 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06
I 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373905626002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

洛索洛芬钠片影响因素试验杂质Ⅰ含量.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand 0 d 60 ℃ 92.5% RH 4 500 lx
5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d 5 d 10 d
A 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07
B 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.13 0.05 0.07
C 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05
D 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.11
E 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08
F 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06
G 0.14 0.24 0.38 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.34
H 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06
I 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1249073373972734871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of impurity Ⅰ by HPLC for compatibility test between loxoprofen sodium and different excipients.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Impurity Ⅰ
Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 0.03
Hypromellose 0.05
Talc 0.05
Magnesium stearate 0.06
Starch 0.11
0.2% Ferric oxide 0.12
Lactose 0.19
Microcrystalline cellulose 0.21
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.71
Silicon dioxide 0.95
Sodium starch glycolate 1.22
Mannitol 1.62
), ArticleFig(id=1249073374056620954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

原辅料相容性试验杂质Ⅰ含量(洛索洛芬钠与不同辅料).%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Impurity Ⅰ
Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 0.03
Hypromellose 0.05
Talc 0.05
Magnesium stearate 0.06
Starch 0.11
0.2% Ferric oxide 0.12
Lactose 0.19
Microcrystalline cellulose 0.21
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.71
Silicon dioxide 0.95
Sodium starch glycolate 1.22
Mannitol 1.62
), ArticleFig(id=1249073374136312733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Results of impurity Ⅰ by HPLC for compatibility test between loxoprofen sodium and different proportions of the same excipients.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Loxoprofen sodium∶excipients Impurity Ⅰ
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 ∶1 0.22
3 ∶1 0.30
2 ∶1 0.44
1 ∶1.25 0.51
1 ∶5 0.59
Silicon dioxide 30 ∶1 0.12
6 ∶1 0.24
3 ∶1 0.46
1.5 ∶1 0.63
1 ∶5 0.83
Sodium starch glycolate 15 ∶1 0.06
4 ∶1 0.15
2 ∶1 0.26
1 ∶1.25 0.48
1 ∶5 1.18
Mannitol 10 ∶1 0.87
2 ∶1 1.12
1 ∶1 1.02
1 ∶2 1.01
1 ∶5 1.44
), ArticleFig(id=1249073374245364639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

原辅料相容性试验杂质Ⅰ含量(洛索洛芬钠与不同比例的相同辅料).%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Excipients Loxoprofen sodium∶excipients Impurity Ⅰ
Calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 ∶1 0.22
3 ∶1 0.30
2 ∶1 0.44
1 ∶1.25 0.51
1 ∶5 0.59
Silicon dioxide 30 ∶1 0.12
6 ∶1 0.24
3 ∶1 0.46
1.5 ∶1 0.63
1 ∶5 0.83
Sodium starch glycolate 15 ∶1 0.06
4 ∶1 0.15
2 ∶1 0.26
1 ∶1.25 0.48
1 ∶5 1.18
Mannitol 10 ∶1 0.87
2 ∶1 1.12
1 ∶1 1.02
1 ∶2 1.01
1 ∶5 1.44
), ArticleFig(id=1249073374354416545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of impurity Ⅰ by HPLC for accelerated testing and packing investigation.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand Packaging 0 d 5 d 10 d 15 d 30 d 60 d
A Bare 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11
Aluminum plastic 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07
B Bare 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.20 0.35 0.58
Aluminum plastic 0.04 0.09 0.22 0.30 0.43 0.62
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.04 0.06 0.15 0.26 0.41 0.60
C Bare 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06
Aluminum plastic 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05
D Bare 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.61 1.19
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.20 0.18
E Bare 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.14
Aluminum plastic 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.09
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07
F Bare 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.31 0.49 0.61
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.26 0.35
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.33
G Bare 0.15 0.24 0.35 0.49 0.93 1.86
Aluminum plastic 0.15 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.49 0.81
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.33 0.45 0.75
H Bare 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.19
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.23
I Bare 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.19
Aluminum plastic 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1249073374442496933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248601549170172430, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

加速及包材稳定性试验杂质Ⅰ含量.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Brand Packaging 0 d 5 d 10 d 15 d 30 d 60 d
A Bare 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11
Aluminum plastic 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07
B Bare 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.20 0.35 0.58
Aluminum plastic 0.04 0.09 0.22 0.30 0.43 0.62
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.04 0.06 0.15 0.26 0.41 0.60
C Bare 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06
Aluminum plastic 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05
D Bare 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.61 1.19
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.20 0.18
E Bare 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.14
Aluminum plastic 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.09
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07
F Bare 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.31 0.49 0.61
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.26 0.35
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.33
G Bare 0.15 0.24 0.35 0.49 0.93 1.86
Aluminum plastic 0.15 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.49 0.81
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.33 0.45 0.75
H Bare 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.19
Aluminum plastic 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.23
I Bare 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.19
Aluminum plastic 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14
Aluminum plastic+aluminum foil bag 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14
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洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质Ⅰ成因分析
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刘梦媛 1 , 陶颖 2 , 石蓓佳 1, * , 陆益红 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(7): 627-633
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(7): 627-633
洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质Ⅰ成因分析
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刘梦媛1, 陶颖2, 石蓓佳1, *, 陆益红1, *
作者信息
  • 1 江苏省食品药品监督检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品杂质谱研究重点实验室, 南京 210019
  • 2 中国药科大学, 南京 211198
  • 刘梦媛,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究;

    陶颖,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:化学药质量控制研究。

通讯作者:

*石蓓佳,女,硕士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究;
陆益红,女,博士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究 Tel:(025)86251232
Analysis of the Causes of Generation of Degradation Impurity Ⅰ of Loxoprofen Sodium Tablets
Mengyuan LIU1, Ying TAO2, Beijia SHI1, *, Yihong LU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210019, China
  • 2 China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
出版时间: 2024-04-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.008
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目的 研究影响洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质2-[(4-乙酰基苯基)甲基]环戊酮(杂质Ⅰ)产生的因素,为洛索洛芬钠片的处方工艺及包装设计提供参考。方法 分别在高温(60 ℃)、高湿(92.5% RH)、强光照射(4 500 lx)条件下进行洛索洛芬钠原料药及片剂的影响因素试验。在加速试验条件下(温度50 ℃、湿度75%)进行洛索洛芬钠与辅料的相容性试验,同时考察裸片及不同包材洛索洛芬钠片杂质Ⅰ的含量。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定杂质Ⅰ的含量。结果 洛索洛芬钠高湿环境下易降解出杂质Ⅰ,含水量高、引湿性强、亲水性强的辅料磷酸氢钙、二氧化硅、羧甲基淀粉钠均会引起杂质Ⅰ显著增加,且甘露醇与洛索洛芬钠存在不相容性,铝塑板加铝箔袋的包装密封性能优于单独的铝塑板包装。结论 为避免降解产生潜在的毒性杂质Ⅰ,洛索洛芬钠片辅料及制粒干燥后的颗粒均应控制含水量,处方中应避免加入甘露醇,建议选用密封性能较好的铝塑板加铝箔袋包装。

洛索洛芬钠  /  2-[(4-乙酰基苯基)甲基]环戊酮  /  原辅料相容性  /  甘露醇  /  羧甲基淀粉钠  /  二氧化硅  /  磷酸氢钙

OBJECTIVE To study the factors affecting the generation of the degradation impurity 2-[(4-acetylphenyl)methyl]cyclopentanone (loxoprofen sodium impurityⅠ) in loxoprofen sodium tablets thus to provide reference for the formulation, preparation process and packaging design of loxoprofen sodium tablets. METHODS Stress testing of loxoprofen sodium and loxoprofen sodium tablets were carried out in conditions of high temperature (60 ℃), high humidity (92.5% RH) and strong light irradiation (4 500 lx). The compatibility test of loxoprofen sodium with excipients, and the content of impurity Ⅰ in bare tablets and different packages of loxoprofen sodium tablets were investigated under accelerated test conditions (50 ℃ and 75% RH). The content of impurity Ⅰ was determined by HPLC. RESULTS Loxoprofen sodium impurity Ⅰ is sensitive to humidity. High water content, moisture attracting and hydrophilic excipients such as calcium hydrogen phosphate, silicon dioxide and sodium starch glycolate might cause a significant increase of impurity Ⅰ. Moreover, there was incompatibility between mannitol and loxoprofen sodium, and the sealing performance of the package of aluminum plastic plate plus aluminum foil bag was better than that of the aluminum plastic plate package alone. CONCLUSION In order to reduce the generation of potentially toxic impurity Ⅰ, the excipients of loxoprofen sodium tablets and the granulation after drying should be controlled for water content. The use of aluminum plastic plate plus aluminum foil bag with better sealing performance can effectively reduce the generation of impurity Ⅰ. In addition, mannitol and loxoprofen sodium have compatibility problems and should be avoided in the prescription.

loxoprofen sodium  /  2-[(4-acetylphenyl) methyl]cyclopentanone  /  drug-excipients compatibility  /  mannitol  /  sodium starch glycolate  /  silicon dioxide  /  calcium hydrogen phosphate
刘梦媛, 陶颖, 石蓓佳, 陆益红. 洛索洛芬钠片降解杂质Ⅰ成因分析. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (7) : 627 -633 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.008
Mengyuan LIU, Ying TAO, Beijia SHI, Yihong LU. Analysis of the Causes of Generation of Degradation Impurity Ⅰ of Loxoprofen Sodium Tablets[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (7) : 627 -633 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.008
洛索洛芬钠(结构见图1a)为苯丙酸类非甾体解热镇痛药,是一种前体药物,经消化道吸收后在体内转化为活性代谢产物2-{[(反式-2-羟基环戊烷)甲基]苯基}丙酸[1],在新型冠状病毒感染治疗中也发挥了重要作用。洛索洛芬钠由日本第一三共株式会社最先研制,现于世界范围内广泛生产、使用和销售,剂型涉及片剂、分散片、胶囊剂和颗粒剂,以洛索洛芬钠片为主要剂型。截止到2023年4月,国内洛索洛芬钠片共有10个批准文号,10家生产企业,已有3家通过仿制药一致性评价。
在2015年洛索洛芬钠片国家抽样性评价有关物质探索性研究中,Shi等[2]制备并鉴定了洛索洛芬钠片中一在254 nm波长下表观含量大于0.1%的降解杂质,结构为2-[(4-乙酰基苯基)甲基]环戊酮(后称为杂质Ⅰ,结构见图1b),CAS号为96824-28-1。杂质Ⅰ是新发现的洛索洛芬钠降解杂质,其结构类似于《美国药典》中布洛芬的杂质C、《欧洲药典》中布洛芬的杂质E,该杂质细胞毒性呈现为4级,具有重度细胞毒性[3],《美国药典》和《欧洲药典》均已对其进行了控制[4-5]。Reaxys数据库未检索到杂质Ⅰ的相关药物毒理学文献。化合物毒性预测软件Derek的报告显示,杂质Ⅰ对大型水蚤的48 h半数致死浓度(LC50)为91.5 mg·L-1,而洛索洛芬钠为308 mg·L-1,提示杂质Ⅰ有潜在的毒性。目前为止,未有研究报道杂质Ⅰ产生的相关因素和可能的机理。
药物制剂的稳定性与处方和储存条件密切相关,而药物的原辅料相容性是制剂处方研究中至关重要的环节,药物与辅料之间可通过物理、化学和生物药剂学作用导致药物的溶解度、稳定性、生物利用度等发生变化,甚至降低主成分活性并使其降解为有害杂质,继而影响制剂的有效性与安全性[6]。目前为止,未有相关研究表明洛索洛芬钠与片剂常用辅料具有不相容性。
本文从处方工艺、包装与贮存等方面分析杂质Ⅰ产生的因素,并探究其产生机理。参照2020年版《中国药典》四部指导原则9001“原料药物与制剂稳定性试验指导原则”[7]进行影响因素试验,以评估不同企业配方的稳定性。参照《化学药物制剂研究基本技术指导原则》[8],开展原辅料相容性试验,以研究潜在的原辅料不相容性引起的杂质Ⅰ降解的可能,并推测杂质Ⅰ的降解途径。同时也对两种市售包装在预防杂质Ⅰ降解中的作用进行了考察。本研究所涉及5家企业的洛索洛芬钠原料药及9家企业的洛索洛芬钠片均在中国生产,样品覆盖面广,区域间样品分布较为均匀,具有代表性。9家企业均采用湿法制粒工艺,生产工艺过程主要包括原辅料过筛、干混、湿法制粒、烘干、压片、包衣(部分企业)、包装等。
岛津LC-20AD高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津仪器有限公司);XS205DU型十万分之一电子天平[梅特勒-托利多国际贸易(上海)有限公司];CPA225D型十万分之一电子天平(德国赛多利斯集团);DHG-9041A型电热恒温干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司);YB-2型澄明度检测仪(天大天发科技有限公司)。
洛索洛芬钠原料药(企业Ⅰ,批号90704;企业Ⅱ,批号Y100101;企业Ⅲ,批号20100502;企业Ⅳ,批号100601;企业Ⅴ,批号LS100609;企业Ⅵ,批号201008235;企业Ⅶ,批号AJA6833)。
洛索洛芬钠片规格以C15H17NaO3计均为60 mg(企业A,批号150401a、150601b;企业B,批号SP015LAa、SP014LAb;企业C,批号20150203ab;企业D,批号20150104ab;企业E,批号150301a、150502b;企业F,批号PK150301a、PK150602b;企业G,批号15010314a、14110214b;企业H,批号150211ab;企业I,批号815001ab),其中企业A、C、D、H包材为铝塑板,企业B、E、F、G、I包材为铝塑板外加铝箔袋。a代表用于影响因素试验,b代表用于包材考察。各企业部分辅料见表1
洛索洛芬钠对照品(中国食品药品检定研究院,批号100638-200401),2-[(4-乙酰基苯基)甲基]环戊酮(杂质Ⅰ)对照品为自制。
硬脂酸镁由企业A提供,低取代羟丙纤维素、0.2%三氧化二铁由企业B提供,磷酸氢钙由企业F提供,甘露醇、羟丙甲纤维素由企业G提供,乳糖、微晶纤维素、二氧化硅由企业H提供,羧甲基淀粉钠、滑石粉由企业I提供,淀粉由济宁六佳药用辅料有限公司提供(批号20091101)。
甲醇为色谱纯、冰醋酸、三乙胺均为分析纯,水为超纯水。
取洛索洛芬钠原料药及去除包装后的洛索洛芬钠片置于敞口的25 mL扁形玻璃称量瓶中,分别于高温(60 ℃)、高湿(相对湿度92.5%)、强光(4 500 lx)照射试验条件下放置5、10 d。
乳糖、微晶纤维素、淀粉、磷酸氢钙、甘露醇、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙纤维素、硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅共9种辅料用量较大,按原料药-辅料=1∶5的比例混合;0.2%三氧化二铁、羟丙甲纤维素、滑石粉三种辅料用量小,按原料药-辅料=20∶1的比例混合。混匀后置于敞口的25 mL扁形玻璃称量瓶中,分别于温度为50 ℃,相对湿度为75%的恒温恒湿箱中放置5 d。另分别取不同量的磷酸氢钙、甘露醇、羧甲基淀粉钠、二氧化硅四种辅料与相同量的洛索洛芬钠原料药混匀后置于敞口的25 mL扁形玻璃称量瓶中,分别于温度为50 ℃,相对湿度为75%的恒温恒湿箱中放置5 d。
市售包装为铝塑板的样品,取裸片、铝塑板2种包装形式进行试验;市售包装为铝塑板外加铝箔袋的样品,取裸片、铝塑板、铝塑板外加铝箔袋3种包装形式进行试验。分别于温度为50 ℃,相对湿度为75%的恒温恒湿箱中放置5、10、15、30、60 d。
所有供试品均用体积分数60%甲醇超声溶解并稀释制成每1 mL含洛索洛芬钠1 mg的溶液,滤过后取续滤液进行分析。
采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为TechMate C18-STⅡ(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),以甲醇-水-冰乙酸-三乙胺(600∶400∶1∶:1)为流动相,检测波长为254 nm,进样体积为20 μL。用杂质Ⅰ对照品进行定位,采用不加校正因子的主成分自身对照法计算杂质Ⅰ的含量。此外,测定影响因素试验高湿条件下原料药及原辅料相容性试验中部分原辅料混合物的吸湿增重。
高湿环境放置5 d时,洛索洛芬钠原料药吸湿明显,各企业原料药吸湿增重在30%~53%之间,至10 d时已完全呈液态,吸湿增重均在100%左右。单独的高温或强光照射条件下,洛索洛芬钠原料药较稳定,杂质Ⅰ产生速率很慢,至10 d时,量仍小于0.1%;高湿条件下,至10 d时各企业原料药中杂质Ⅰ比例均大于0.1%(表2)。表明洛索洛芬钠易吸湿,且杂质Ⅰ在高湿条件下易生成。供试品溶液及杂质Ⅰ色谱图见图2
片剂的影响因素试验结果因企业而异,企业G产品在高温、高湿、光照条件下均产生了较大比例的杂质Ⅰ。企业D、企业E、企业F产品对高温、光照相对较为敏感。企业B产品对高湿较为敏感(表3)。
洛索洛芬钠不与辅料混合单独放置于50 ℃/75%RH条件时,5 d时杂质Ⅰ含量为0.07%;而当洛索洛芬钠与辅料磷酸氢钙、二氧化硅、羧甲基淀粉钠、甘露醇混合放置时,杂质Ⅰ产生明显,均大于0.7%;与淀粉、0.2%三氧化二铁、乳糖、微晶纤维素混合放置时,杂质Ⅰ含量均在0.1%~0.2%之间;与其余辅料混合放置时,杂质Ⅰ含量均低于0.1%(表4)。计算原辅料混合物5 d时的质量变化,洛索洛芬钠与羧甲基淀粉钠的混合物吸湿增重为8.8%,与磷酸氢钙的混合物减重7.0%,与其余辅料的混合物质量变化均低于1.2%。
相同量的洛索洛芬钠与不同量的羧甲基淀粉钠、二氧化硅、磷酸氢钙放置时,杂质Ⅰ产生的量不同,均与杂质Ⅰ含量呈正相关。而相同量的洛索洛芬钠与不同量的甘露醇在高温高湿条件下放置5 d后,均产生了高比例的杂质Ⅰ,说明极少量的甘露醇即能引起洛索洛芬钠降解产生杂质Ⅰ(表5),提示其引起杂质Ⅰ产生的原理可能与其余3种辅料不同。
杂质Ⅰ的测定结果分为以下3种情况:第一种情况,铝塑板、铝塑板外加铝箔袋能有效延缓杂质Ⅰ的产生,铝塑板外加铝箔袋的延缓效果略优于单独的铝塑板,这样的企业有6家,A、D、E、F、G与I。第二种情况,铝塑板、铝塑板外加铝箔袋并不能延缓杂质Ⅰ的产生,裸片杂质Ⅰ的产生速率与有外包装的速率相当。这样的企业有2家:B、H。第三种情况,3种不同包装形式的杂质Ⅰ产生均非常缓慢,至两个月时杂质Ⅰ比例仍低于0.1%,这样的企业有1家:C(表6)。
有文献报道羧甲基淀粉钠具有较强的吸水性,能吸收其干燥体积30倍的水[9],参照2015年版《中国药典》四部9103药物引湿性试验指导原则,对羧甲基淀粉钠进行了引湿性考察,表明羧甲基淀粉钠确具有较强的引湿性。影响因素试验结果表明洛索洛芬钠易吸水,且在高湿条件下易降解产生杂质Ⅰ,推测原辅料相容性试验时,羧甲基淀粉钠的引湿性及吸水性引起原辅料混合物水分及质量的增加,加速了杂质Ⅰ的产生。
二氧化硅表面存在大量Si-OH,易与空气中的水通过氢键亲和,形成“吸附水”;此外,由于比表面积大、空隙多,二氧化硅表面也会以物理吸附的方式吸附部分水,因此具有强亲水性和吸湿性[10]。二氧化硅吸附的水以分子形式存在,易离开二氧化表面,这也可能是原辅料相容性试验时,洛索洛芬钠与二氧化硅混合物的质量未有明显增加的原因。推测二氧化硅的吸湿性类似于“桥梁”的作用,原辅料相容性试验中,“桥梁”将湿度引向洛索洛芬钠原料,形成高湿微环境,从而加速杂质Ⅰ的产生。
磷酸氢钙无引湿性,但其分子结构中具有两分子结晶水,具有脱水和释放结晶水的倾向,且磷酸氢钙在高温条件下易分解生成水[11]。推测原辅料相容性试验时,50 ℃的高温使磷酸氢钙两分子结晶水释放,导致其与洛索洛芬钠的混合物质量减少;同时因洛索洛芬钠极易溶于水,竞争磷酸氢钙释放的水,从而加速了杂质Ⅰ的产生。
甘露醇是一种常用的化学稳定的赋形剂,无吸湿性且具有良好的流动性和高压缩性,适用于对水敏感的原料[12-13]。但是甘露醇是一种六元醇,具有多羟基的结构,其羟基不同于二氧化硅,容易发生氧化还原反应,可能与洛索洛芬钠形成的苄基自由基反应,并使其继续与空气接触被氧化形成苯乙酮结构。洛索洛芬钠原料药中加入微量的甘露醇,在高温高湿条件下即可促进杂质Ⅰ的产生。
分析各企业处方,企业A、D、E、F、G、H、I均含有辅料磷酸氢钙、二氧化硅、羧甲基淀粉钠中的1种或2种,企业G还含有甘露醇,因而加速试验至2月时,上述企业裸片中杂质Ⅰ的含量均有不同程度的增长,且企业G增加最为显著。B企业处方中不含有上述4种辅料,但其处方中含有乳糖与低取代羟丙纤维素(L-HPC),后者含水量较高。据文献报道在L-HPC中,每个葡萄糖亚基的3个游离羟基中有7%~16%被羟丙基取代,少量的羟丙基存在即可减少L-HPC分子间氢键的形成,同时增加能够与水分子形成氢键的游离羟基,故相对湿度33%时L-HPC含水量为8%,相对湿度95%时L-HPC含水量为38%[14]。推测L-HPC的高含水量引起了B企业产品在加速试验时裸片的杂质Ⅰ增长明显。
综合上述分析推理,洛索洛芬钠具有苯丙酸结构,该结构在光照、高温或极微量催化剂的作用下,均可能脱羧形成苄基自由基。高湿有助于洛索洛芬钠溶解,利于羧基负离子的游离,从而加速脱羧。含水量高、引湿性强、亲水性强的辅料均可能促进脱羧过程。经历苄基自由基过渡态时,羟基与其发生反应,继而可能被空气中的氧气氧化成酮[15]。洛索洛芬钠降解产生杂质Ⅰ的可能机制见图3
除处方因素外,制剂工艺和包装贮存也会影响杂质Ⅰ的产生。包材考察中,第一种情况的6家企业(企业A、D、E、F、G与I),铝塑板、铝塑板外加铝箔袋的包装有效阻隔了湿度,有效延缓因片剂吸收水分而引起的洛索洛芬钠脱羧氧化生成杂质Ⅰ。第二种情况的企业B和企业H片剂,在加速试验条件下,推测铝塑板内微环境的湿度与外环境相当,造成内外杂质Ⅰ产生的速率相当,其微环境的湿度可能与其湿粒干燥时的温度及制粒干燥后颗粒含水量的控制有关。第三种情况的企业C,其处方中不含有引湿性较强的辅料,且制粒干燥后含水量控制合理,杂质Ⅰ不易产生。
本研究在对洛索洛芬钠片进行加速试验时,发现部分企业杂质Ⅰ增加迅速,且该杂质有潜在的毒性,提示应对该杂质进行控制。因洛索洛芬钠杂质Ⅰ对湿度敏感,处方中含水量高、引湿性强、亲水性强的辅料磷酸氢钙、二氧化硅、羧甲基淀粉钠应酌情使用;甘露醇与洛索洛芬钠存在不相容性,应避免使用;生产过程中应严格控制制粒干燥后颗粒的含水量;选用密封性能较好的铝塑板外加铝箔袋包装能够有效减缓杂质Ⅰ的产生。
本研究可为湿度敏感的药物,在合理选用辅料和包材、严格控制关键工艺步骤等方面提供参考,帮助药品生产企业在新药研发和仿制药一致性评价中进一步提高药品的安全性和稳定性。
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.008
  • 接收时间:2023-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19
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    1 江苏省食品药品监督检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品杂质谱研究重点实验室, 南京 210019
    2 中国药科大学, 南京 211198

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*石蓓佳,女,硕士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究;
陆益红,女,博士,主任药师 研究方向:化学药及生物制品质量控制研究 Tel:(025)86251232
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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