Article(id=1248600567916946097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)05-0416-09, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695830400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619173267, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1709827200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619173267, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619173267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619173267, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248600564427280576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='377', pageEnd='468', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619172436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619904979, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248603637019202091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248603637023396396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=416, endPage=424, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248600568210547379, articleId=1248600567916946097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Investigation on Resveratrol Regulating Mitophagy to Alleviate Oxidative Stress Injury and Apoptosis of Gc-1 spg Cells via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To observe whether resveratrol can alleviate oxidative stress injury of mouse spermatogonium by regulating mitochondrial autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. METHODS Control group, H2O2 group, H2O2+RES group, and H2O2+RES+Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) group were set up, and each group was given the appropriate treatment. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, SOD, MDA, GSH-PX, LDH and ATP levels were determined by kits, mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1, MitoTracker® Green FM was used to detect the morphology of live cell mitochondria, Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect the rate of nuclear apoptosis, cell ultrastructure and mitochondrial autophagy changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, autophagy proteins LC3, P62, and pathway-related proteins AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR. RESULTS H2O2 promoted oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and mitochondrial autophagy, increased the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, and decreased the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62. RES could alleviate oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, further increase the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, reduce the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62, and promote mitochondrial autophagy in Gc-1 spg cells. AMPK inhibitor can reverse the protective effect of RES on oxidative stress injury of Gc-1 spg cells, inhibit the activities of SOD and GSH-PX and increase the levels of MDA and LDH, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial damage, destroy the nucleus, increase the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and P62, and reduce the expression levels of Bcl-2 and LC3, increase cell apoptosis rate and reduce mitophagy. CONCLUSION RES may promote mitochondrial autophagy and alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in Gc-1 spg cells through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Yixin YAN, Ling WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuanxia SHI, Jitian WANG, Cheng SONG, Luxiao WEI, Xuerong ZHEN, Bingxue HUANG, Yixin YAN, Ling WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248600571599545066, articleId=1248600567916946097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=白藜芦醇介导AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 观察白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)是否通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(amp-activatedproteinkinase/mammalian target of rapamycin,AMPK/mTOR)信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞(Gc-1 spg)氧化应激损伤。方法 设置空白对照组(Control)、过氧化氢组(H2O2)、H2O2+RES组、H2O2+RES+AMPK抑制剂(Compound C,CC)组,各组给予相应处理后。CCK-8检测细胞活力,试剂盒检测过氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)SOD、MDA、GSH-PX、LDH和ATP水平,JC-1检测线粒体膜电位,MitoTracker® Green FM检测活细胞线粒体形态,Hoechst 33342染色检测细胞核凋亡率,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构及线粒体自噬变化,Western blot检测凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 关联X 蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein,Bax)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma 2 protein,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-3),自噬蛋白微管相关蛋白轻链3(light chain 3,LC3)、P62,通路相关蛋白AMPK、p-AMPK、mTOR、p-mTOR表达水平。结果 H2O2促进Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤,激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路和线粒体自噬,提高p-AMPK/AMPK和LC3表达并降低p-mTOR/mTOR和P62表达;RES能缓解Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤,进一步提高p-AMPK/AMPK和LC3表达,降低p-mTOR/mTOR和P62表达,促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬;AMPK抑制剂能逆转RES对Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用,抑制SOD和GSH-PX活性并增加MDA和LDH水平,降低细胞线粒体膜电位,增加线粒体损伤,破坏细胞核,增加Bax、Caspase-3和P62表达水平并降低Bcl-2和LC3表达水平,增加细胞凋亡率,降低线粒体自噬。结论 RES可能通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬缓解线粒体氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡。

, correspAuthors=阎一鑫, 王玲, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王玲,女,博士,副教授,主任医师 研究方向:生殖医学;阎一鑫,男,硕士,主管技师 研究方向:男性不育研究 Tel:(0931)995191
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石拴霞,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:生殖医学

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石拴霞,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:生殖医学

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Front Med, 2018, 12(6):697-706., articleTitle=Resveratrol reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by inducing autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248642356770137059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=573, pageEnd=580, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LIU S, SUN Y, LI Z, journalName=Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU S, SUN Y, LI Z. Resveratrol protects Leydig cells from nicotine-induced oxidative damage through enhanced autophagy[J]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2018, 45(6):573-580., articleTitle=Resveratrol protects Leydig cells from nicotine-induced oxidative damage through enhanced autophagy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248642356833051620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=197, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=YANG Y, WANG Q, SONG D, journalName=J Exp Clin Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Y, WANG Q, SONG D, et al. Lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy blockade contribute to autophagy-related cancer suppressing peptide-induced cytotoxic death of cervical cancer cells through the AMPK/mTOR pathway[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39(1):197. DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01701-z., articleTitle=Lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy blockade contribute to autophagy-related cancer suppressing peptide-induced cytotoxic death of cervical cancer cells through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1248642354714928070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, awardId=21JR1RA188, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR1RA188), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1248642354773648327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, awardId=21JR11RA013, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR11RA013), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248642349656597265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349664985874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349656597265, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Reproductive Medicine Centre, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349673374484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349656597265, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院生殖医学中心, 兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1248642349761454872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349769843480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349761454872, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349778232089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349761454872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1248642349853729566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349866312479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349853729566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248642349878895392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, companyId=1248642349853729566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院, 甘肃省干细胞与基因药物重点实验室, 兰州 730050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1248642353527940009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effects of RES in the viability and ATP of Gc-1 spg cells.n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

A-the cell viability of different groups; B-the level of ATP in different groups; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=ju5jM11IAhUgewT+FKGAcQ==, figureFileBig=VJ67ALMlxMW49wpz7It+nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353599243180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图1, caption=腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂对白藜芦醇(RES)在小鼠精原细胞(Gc-1 spg)细胞活力和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)中的影响. n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞活力;B-不同组细胞ATP水平;与control组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较,2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=ju5jM11IAhUgewT+FKGAcQ==, figureFileBig=VJ67ALMlxMW49wpz7It+nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353691517872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effect of RES on mitochondrion injure of Gc-1 spg cells.n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

A-mitochondrial staining results of different groups of cells; B-mitochondrial fluorescence intensity in different groups of cells; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=K/M3sHWV0Ix7DQVuXcn9Mw==, figureFileBig=Cpn0BYEUui5bUUONdCfjBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353746043827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图2, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体损伤中的影响. n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞线粒体染色结果(20×);B-不同组细胞线粒体荧光强度;与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较, 2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较, 3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=K/M3sHWV0Ix7DQVuXcn9Mw==, figureFileBig=Cpn0BYEUui5bUUONdCfjBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353829929910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effect of RES on mitochondrion injure of Gc-1 spg cells.n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-JC-1 staining results of different groups of cells; B-red/green fluorescence intensity ratio of different groups of cells; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=5ijC6kkzWIlWTAEKaPuD4Q==, figureFileBig=sSPNxMGFLVeY8s2hl1OLmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353897038776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体膜电位损伤中的影响. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞JC-1染色结果(10×);B-不同组细胞红/绿荧光强度比率;与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较, 2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较, 3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=5ijC6kkzWIlWTAEKaPuD4Q==, figureFileBig=sSPNxMGFLVeY8s2hl1OLmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642353976730554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effect of RES on apoptosis of Gc-1 spg cells.n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-Hoechst 33342 staining results of different groups of cells; B-apoptosis rate of different groups of cells; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=YTR7mlLq5gjXTiFeCppb5g==, figureFileBig=8ZBUd3MlRWwDkOGW1jHUMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354064810940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg细胞凋亡中的影响. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞Hoechst 33342染色结果(10×);B-不同组细胞凋亡率;与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较, 2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较, 3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=YTR7mlLq5gjXTiFeCppb5g==, figureFileBig=8ZBUd3MlRWwDkOGW1jHUMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354123531198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effect of RES on ultrastructural damage of Gc-1 spg cells.

Yellow arrow-autophagy lysosome; Red arrow-autophagosome; Left 2 000×; Right 7 000×.

, figureFileSmall=WE5R1axRHYF2sEnc0BWO9w==, figureFileBig=8N8TjNWA5I26Fe/kcV2N3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354178057151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg细胞超微结构损伤中的影响

黄色箭头-自噬溶酶体;红色箭头-自噬小体;左2 000×;右7 000×。

, figureFileSmall=WE5R1axRHYF2sEnc0BWO9w==, figureFileBig=8N8TjNWA5I26Fe/kcV2N3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354232583104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effect of RES on apoptosis proteins of Gc-1 spg cells.n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-apoptosis proteins expression of different groups of cells; B-the optical densities of protein bands in different groups of cells; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=0OTrG3R4kGpbGuvySIJ45w==, figureFileBig=60JB9pvfCxym0bLUD529bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354295497665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图6, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg细胞凋亡蛋白中的影响. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞凋亡蛋白表达;B-不同组细胞蛋白带光密度;与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较, 2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较, 3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=0OTrG3R4kGpbGuvySIJ45w==, figureFileBig=60JB9pvfCxym0bLUD529bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354370995138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The influence of AMPK inhibitors on effects of RES on Gc-1 spg autophagy and related pathway protein expression. n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

A-expression of pathway proteins of different groups of cells; B-expression of autophagy proteins of different groups; C-the optical densities of pathway protein bands in different groups of cells; D-the optical densities of autophagy protein bands in different groups of cells; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2 group; 3)P<0.05, compared with the H2O2+RES group.

, figureFileSmall=jA6ahkqrya7xwPBtcv+NVw==, figureFileBig=JcTgE3z4V5fimhb5HrlFYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354438104003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=图7, caption=AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg自噬及相关通路蛋白表达中的影响. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同组细胞通路蛋白表达;B-不同组细胞自噬蛋白表达;C-不同组细胞通路蛋白带光密度;D-不同组细胞自噬蛋白带光密度;与空白对照组组比较,1)P<0.05;与H2O2组比较,2)P<0.05;与H2O2+RES组比较, 3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=jA6ahkqrya7xwPBtcv+NVw==, figureFileBig=JcTgE3z4V5fimhb5HrlFYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248642354509407172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of oxidative stress indicators. n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group GSH-PX/U·mg-1 SOD/U·mg-1 MDA/nmol·mg-1 LDH/U·L-1
Control 92.77 ±2.54 80.69±2.41 1.59±0.53 45.27±0.80
H2O2 16.83 ±1.49 1) 39.47±2.05 1) 7.89±0.60 1) 89.97±1.24 1)
H2O2+RES 114.26 ±4.92 2) 80.75±0.94 2) 2.85±0.54 2) 61.40±1.01 2)
H2O2+RES+CC 84.09 ±14.80 3) 41.31±1.49 3) 5.88±0.57 3) 87.16±0.31 3)
), ArticleFig(id=1248642354589098949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567916946097, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AMPK抑制剂对RES在Gc-1 spg中氧化应激指标影响. n=3,$\overline{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group GSH-PX/U·mg-1 SOD/U·mg-1 MDA/nmol·mg-1 LDH/U·L-1
Control 92.77 ±2.54 80.69±2.41 1.59±0.53 45.27±0.80
H2O2 16.83 ±1.49 1) 39.47±2.05 1) 7.89±0.60 1) 89.97±1.24 1)
H2O2+RES 114.26 ±4.92 2) 80.75±0.94 2) 2.85±0.54 2) 61.40±1.01 2)
H2O2+RES+CC 84.09 ±14.80 3) 41.31±1.49 3) 5.88±0.57 3) 87.16±0.31 3)
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白藜芦醇介导AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡
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石拴霞 1, 2 , 王纪田 2 , 宋诚 2 , 魏璐晓 3 , 甄雪蓉 3 , 黄冰雪 3 , 阎一鑫 1, * , 王玲 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(5): 416-424
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(5): 416-424
白藜芦醇介导AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡
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石拴霞1, 2, 王纪田2, 宋诚2, 魏璐晓3, 甄雪蓉3, 黄冰雪3, 阎一鑫1, *, 王玲1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院生殖医学中心, 兰州 730050
  • 2 甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院, 兰州 730000
  • 3 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院, 甘肃省干细胞与基因药物重点实验室, 兰州 730050
  • 石拴霞,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:生殖医学

通讯作者:

*王玲,女,博士,副教授,主任医师 研究方向:生殖医学;阎一鑫,男,硕士,主管技师 研究方向:男性不育研究 Tel:(0931)995191
Investigation on Resveratrol Regulating Mitophagy to Alleviate Oxidative Stress Injury and Apoptosis of Gc-1 spg Cells via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Shuanxia SHI1, 2, Jitian WANG2, Cheng SONG2, Luxiao WEI3, Xuerong ZHEN3, Bingxue HUANG3, Yixin YAN1, *, Ling WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Reproductive Medicine Centre, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2 School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2024-03-08
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目的 观察白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)是否通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(amp-activatedproteinkinase/mammalian target of rapamycin,AMPK/mTOR)信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞(Gc-1 spg)氧化应激损伤。方法 设置空白对照组(Control)、过氧化氢组(H2O2)、H2O2+RES组、H2O2+RES+AMPK抑制剂(Compound C,CC)组,各组给予相应处理后。CCK-8检测细胞活力,试剂盒检测过氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)SOD、MDA、GSH-PX、LDH和ATP水平,JC-1检测线粒体膜电位,MitoTracker® Green FM检测活细胞线粒体形态,Hoechst 33342染色检测细胞核凋亡率,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构及线粒体自噬变化,Western blot检测凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 关联X 蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein,Bax)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma 2 protein,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-3),自噬蛋白微管相关蛋白轻链3(light chain 3,LC3)、P62,通路相关蛋白AMPK、p-AMPK、mTOR、p-mTOR表达水平。结果 H2O2促进Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤,激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路和线粒体自噬,提高p-AMPK/AMPK和LC3表达并降低p-mTOR/mTOR和P62表达;RES能缓解Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤,进一步提高p-AMPK/AMPK和LC3表达,降低p-mTOR/mTOR和P62表达,促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬;AMPK抑制剂能逆转RES对Gc-1 spg细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用,抑制SOD和GSH-PX活性并增加MDA和LDH水平,降低细胞线粒体膜电位,增加线粒体损伤,破坏细胞核,增加Bax、Caspase-3和P62表达水平并降低Bcl-2和LC3表达水平,增加细胞凋亡率,降低线粒体自噬。结论 RES可能通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬缓解线粒体氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡。

白藜芦醇  /  过氧化氢  /  小鼠精原细胞  /  腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶  /  哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白  /  线粒体自噬  /  凋亡

OBJECTIVE To observe whether resveratrol can alleviate oxidative stress injury of mouse spermatogonium by regulating mitochondrial autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. METHODS Control group, H2O2 group, H2O2+RES group, and H2O2+RES+Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) group were set up, and each group was given the appropriate treatment. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, SOD, MDA, GSH-PX, LDH and ATP levels were determined by kits, mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1, MitoTracker® Green FM was used to detect the morphology of live cell mitochondria, Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect the rate of nuclear apoptosis, cell ultrastructure and mitochondrial autophagy changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, autophagy proteins LC3, P62, and pathway-related proteins AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR. RESULTS H2O2 promoted oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and mitochondrial autophagy, increased the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, and decreased the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62. RES could alleviate oxidative stress damage in Gc-1 spg cells, further increase the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3, reduce the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and P62, and promote mitochondrial autophagy in Gc-1 spg cells. AMPK inhibitor can reverse the protective effect of RES on oxidative stress injury of Gc-1 spg cells, inhibit the activities of SOD and GSH-PX and increase the levels of MDA and LDH, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial damage, destroy the nucleus, increase the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and P62, and reduce the expression levels of Bcl-2 and LC3, increase cell apoptosis rate and reduce mitophagy. CONCLUSION RES may promote mitochondrial autophagy and alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in Gc-1 spg cells through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

resveratrol  /  hydrogen peroxide  /  Gc-1 spg cell  /  AMPK/mTOR  /  mitophagy  /  apoptosis
石拴霞, 王纪田, 宋诚, 魏璐晓, 甄雪蓉, 黄冰雪, 阎一鑫, 王玲. 白藜芦醇介导AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解小鼠精原细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (5) : 416 -424 .
Shuanxia SHI, Jitian WANG, Cheng SONG, Luxiao WEI, Xuerong ZHEN, Bingxue HUANG, Yixin YAN, Ling WANG. Investigation on Resveratrol Regulating Mitophagy to Alleviate Oxidative Stress Injury and Apoptosis of Gc-1 spg Cells via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (5) : 416 -424 .
随着社会发展,生活压力大及外界不利环境等因素的出现,男性不育发病率逐年上升,给患者及家庭造成极大心理和生活困扰。据统计,由男性因素造成夫妇双方不育的占20%,而由男女共同因素造成的占30%[1],由此可见,男性不育症在全球呈高发趋势。精子活力是衡量精子质量的重要标志,因此,提高精子细胞活力并改善精子质量是治疗男性不育的关键。精原细胞是精子的前体细胞,通过有丝分裂增殖分化形成前精母细胞,精母细胞进一步减数分裂形成圆形精子细胞,圆形精子细胞向成体精子细胞转化后释放进入附睾储存[2]。由于精原细胞在精子形成中存在重要作用,因此,提高精原细胞活力、保护精原细胞免受损伤是形成良好精子的第一步,对治疗男性不育意义重大。
氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)是过多活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)堆积的结果,线粒体作为生殖细胞中一种重要的细胞器,也是OS反应的首要攻击目标。生殖细胞中线粒体损伤导致其结构和功能异常,影响生育率[3]。在ROS等因素的刺激下,损伤的线粒体被特异性包裹进自噬体并与溶酶体融合,从而完成损伤线粒体的降解称为线粒体自噬[4]。白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)作为一种多酚类化合物,具有显著抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡及改善微循环等作用[5-6]。研究表明,RES可激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(amp-activated protein kinase,AMPK)而影响哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)活性,调控线粒体自噬[7-9],在OS导致的生殖细胞损伤中可能存在一定的保护作用。目前,RES的保护作用已在多数体内外实验中得到验证,但在男性生殖细胞中研究较少,且作用机制尚不明确。本研究采用小鼠精原细胞系(Gc-1 spg)作为研究对象,通过体外细胞实验,探索RES对过氧化氢(H2O2)损伤后小鼠Gc-1 spg的保护作用以及调控Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬的作用机制,为临床治疗生殖细胞OS损伤和线粒体自噬相关疾病提供理论依据。
小鼠Gc-1 spg原代细胞株(货号:CM0074)、DMEM(货号:L110KJ)(上海语纯和源培生物科技有限公司);体积分数10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS,货号:FBS500-S,AusGeneX公司);RES(纯度>98%,用二甲基亚砜溶解配成1 mg·mL-1母液,过滤后备用,使用前用完全高糖培养基稀释到所需浓度)(陕西嘉果肽生物工程有限公司),体积分数3% H2O2(上海信裕生物科技有限公司);Dorsomorphin(Compound C,CC,货号:HY-13418A,美国MCE生物科技公司);CCK-8细胞活性检测试剂盒(货号:C0037)、ATP检测试剂盒(货号:S0026)、线粒体膜电位(JC-1,货号:C2006)检测试剂盒、Hoechst 33342染色试剂盒(货号:C1026)(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);MitoTracker® Green FM 线粒体绿色荧光探针试剂盒(货号:9074S)、一抗兔抗LC3(货号:12741T)(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD,货号:A001-1-2)、丙二醛(MDA,货号:A003-1-2)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH,货号:A020-2)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX,货号:A005)测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化液(货号:T1300)、1%青链霉素(货号:P1400)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号:PC0020)、SDS-PAGE凝胶制备试剂盒(货号:P1200)、蛋白酶磷酸酶抑制剂(货号:P1261)、5% BSA封闭液(货号:SW3015)(北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司);一抗兔抗Bcl-2(货号:A00040-1)、Bax(货号:A00183)、Caspase-3(货号:PB9188)多克隆抗体、辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔IgG (货号:BA1005)(博士德生物工程有限公司);内参β-tubulin(货号:A01857-1)、β-actin(货号:BA2305)和脱脂牛奶(货号:GC310001)(武汉塞维尔生物有限公司);一抗兔抗AMPK(货号:AF6423)、p-AMPK(货号:AF3423)、mTOR(货号:AF6308) 、p-mTOR(货号:AF3308)、P62(货号:AF5384)、内参VDAC1(货号:DF6140)多克隆抗体均(Affinity生物有限公司);电镜固定液(货号:G1102)(武汉谷歌生物)。
CO2细胞培养箱(美国Thermo公司);超净工作台(江苏苏州净化设备公司);细胞计数器(上海艾力特生物科技公司);荧光倒置相差显微镜(Ⅸ3-SVR,日本Olympus);免疫印迹分析仪(美国Bio-Rad公司,1703930);全波长多功能微孔板分析系统infinite 200 pro(瑞士tecan公司);超薄切片机(德国Leica公司,Leica UC7);钻石切片刀(瑞士Daitome公司,Ultra 45°);透射电子显微镜(日本Hitachi公司,HT7700)。
Gc-1 spg细胞培养在含体积分数10%胎牛血清(血红蛋白含量<20 mg·100 mL-1;内毒素含量<5 EU·mL-1;总蛋白30~50 g·L-1;免疫球蛋白G<250 μg·mL-1;无微生物存在)和质量分数1%青链霉素(青霉素的含量为10 ku·mL-1,链霉素的含量为10 mg·mL-1)溶液的高糖DMEM完全培养基中,并置于37 ℃、5%二氧化碳的培养箱中常规培养、传代。
试验时将细胞分为4组,空白对照组(Control组)、H2O2组、H2O2+RES组、H2O2+RES+CC(AMPK抑制剂)组。H2O2组加入浓度为800 μmol·L-1的H2O2(前期课题组确定的最佳H2O2造模浓度)处理6 h,H2O2+RES组先加入浓度为15 μmol·L-1的RES(前期课题组确定的最佳RES保护浓度)预处理24 h,再加入H2O2处理6 h,H2O2+RES+CC(AMPK抑制剂)组加入对细胞活力没有明显影响的浓度为10 μmol·L-1的CC提前预处理1 h,再加RES处理24 h,最后加H2O2处理6 h。关于具体H2O2和RES浓度筛选试验参考课题组前期试验结果[10]
取对数生长期的Gc-1 spg细胞,质量分数0.25%胰酶消化2 min,培养基终止消化后反复吹打,制成细胞悬液,使细胞数达5×103,将细胞均匀接种于96孔板,每孔100 μL,细胞周边的孔加PBS,待细胞贴壁后按照实验设计处理细胞,每组3个复孔,置于37 ℃ 5%二氧化碳培养箱培养24 h后弃液,加入800 μmol·L-1的H2O2继续培养6 h后弃液,所有组均加入含有体积分数10% CCK-8的完全培养基100 μL,继续孵育30~60 min,酶标仪检测450 nm波长处细胞活力见公式1。空白组只加CCK-8的完全培养基,对照组为培养基和细胞,实验组给予相应处理。
细胞活力(%)=(OD实验组-OD空白组)/(OD对照组-OD空白组)×100%
取对数生长期的Gc-1 spg细胞,制成细胞悬液,使细胞数达2×105,将细胞均匀接种于6孔板,每孔2 mL,待细胞贴壁后各组同“1.3.2”方法处理,后弃液,冰冷PBS洗涤3次,细胞刮收集细胞不少于每毫升1×106个,1 000 r·min-1离心10 min,弃上清,加入1 mL预冷的PBS匀浆器匀浆,按照试剂盒测定SOD、MDA、GSH-PX、LDH水平并计算。
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,细胞处理完成后弃液,冰冷PBS洗涤3次,6孔板每孔加入200 μL ATP裂解液,冰上充分裂解细胞,4 ℃ 12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取上清,按照试剂盒检测ATP水平并计算。
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,根据样本按照Mito Tracker® Green FM 试剂盒配制染色工作液,配好后放入37 ℃温箱预温备用,后弃液,PBS洗涤3次,加入配好的Mito Mito Tracker® Green FM染色工作液1 mL,细胞培养箱孵育30 min,结束后弃去工作液,加入预温的完全培养基1 mL,荧光显微镜下观察并拍照,Image J软件进行荧光定量并分析。
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,根据样本按照JC-1试剂盒配制染色工作液和缓冲液,配好的缓冲液放于-20 ℃冰箱备用,后弃液,PBS洗涤3次,加入配好的JC-1染色工作液和完全培养基各1 mL,充分混匀,细胞培养箱孵育30 min,结束后弃去培养液,JC-1染色缓冲液(1×)洗涤1次,加入2 mL PBS,荧光显微镜下观察并拍照,Image J软件进行荧光定量并计算红/绿荧光比值。
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,后弃液,PBS洗涤3次,加入Hoechst 33342染色工作液1 mL,细胞培养箱孵育30 min,结束后弃去工作液,PBS洗涤3次,荧光显微镜下观察并拍照,手动计数(不少于1×103个细胞),按公式2计算细胞凋亡率:
凋亡率(%)=(凋亡细胞数/总细胞数)×100%
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,细胞收集后,固定液(体积分数2.5%的戊二醛)固定后离心弃上清,体积分数1%琼脂糖包裹,0.1 mol·L-1磷酸缓冲液(PB,pH 7.4)漂洗3次,每次15 min,然后质量分数2%锇酸中固定2 h, 丙酮梯度脱水后,丙酮-812包埋剂=2∶1渗透过夜,纯812包埋剂5~8 h,37 ℃烤箱过夜,60 ℃烤箱聚合48 h,超薄切片机切片60~80 nm超薄切片,质量分数2%醋酸铀饱和酒精溶液和枸橼酸铅各染色15 min,切片室温干燥过夜,最后在透射电镜下拍照分析。
前期试验处理同“1.3.4”,后弃液,冰冷PBS洗3次,吸水纸吸干残余PBS,加入配好的蛋白裂解液(RIPA裂解液-蛋白酶/蛋白酶磷酸酶抑制剂=100∶1)冰上裂解40 min,4 ℃ 12 000 r·min-110 min,取上清,按照BCA蛋白浓度检测试剂盒提取总蛋白,按照线细胞总蛋白和粒体总蛋白提取试剂盒提取总细胞蛋白和线粒体蛋白,计算上样量,按照样本总体积加入4×蛋白上样缓冲液(样本总体积/4),100 ℃ 沸水煮样15 min,-80 ℃冰箱备用。按照目标蛋白相对分子质量制胶,加样(按之前算好的上样量),经过SDS-PAGE电泳,免疫印迹转膜,牛奶封闭,洗膜,一抗孵育(1∶1 000),洗膜,二抗孵育(1∶5 000),洗膜,化学发光成像,Image J软件分析各组Bax、Caspase-3、Bcl-2、AMPK、p-AMPK、mTOR、p-mTOR蛋白和P62、LC3线粒体蛋白相对表达量,β-tubulin为细胞内参蛋白,电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白1(VDAC1)为线粒体内参蛋白。
数据处理采用SPSS 21和GraphPad Prism 8统计软件,计量资料以均数±标准差($\overline{x}$±s)表示,比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。所有实验至少重复3次。
与Control组比较,H2O2组细胞活力和ATP明显降低,经RES预处理后细胞活力和ATP部分恢复,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂组细胞活力和ATP降低,这说明RES可能通过该信号通路发挥细胞保护作用。见图1
与Control组比较,H2O2组GSH-PX、SOD水平降低,MDA、LDH水平升高,经RES预处理后GSH-PX、SOD水平升高,MDA、LDH水平降低,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂组脂质过氧化物增多,抗氧化酶活性降低。这说明RES通过该信号通路发挥对Gc-1 spg细胞OS损伤后的保护作用。见表1
与Control组比较,H2O2组线粒体严重损伤,荧光染色弱,经RES预处理后线粒体损伤较轻,荧光染色着色强,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂组线粒体荧光强度减弱,线粒体数也相对减少。这与ATP结果一致,说明RES通过该信号通路发挥对Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体损伤的保护作用。见图2
与Control组比较,H2O2组细胞的JC-1不能聚集在线粒体基质中,表现为JC-1单体(绿色荧光)、红/绿荧光比值降低,提示线粒体膜电位明显降低,标志着Gc-1 spg细胞发生早期凋亡,经RES预处理后线粒体膜电位部分恢复,红/绿荧光比值升高,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂组细胞线粒体膜电位降低。这与上述结果一致,说明RES通过该信号通路保护Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体损伤。见图3
与Control组比较,H2O2组大量细胞核皱缩、碎裂,染色程度明显增强(图4中黄色箭头处),表明细胞凋亡严重,经RES预处理后,细胞凋亡指数降低,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂组细胞凋亡指数增加,这说明RES通过该信号通路缓解Gc-1 spg细胞凋亡(图4)。
各组细胞电镜下超微结构变化比较,Control组细胞整体损伤轻微,细胞膜完整,细胞核呈不规则形,线粒体轻微肿胀,膜完整,嵴平行排列,自噬溶酶体少量存在;H2O2组细胞损伤严重,存在凋亡征象,未见凋亡小体,膜较完整,核固缩、崩解,核膜大面积消失,线粒体大部分明显肿胀、变圆,膜内基质溶解,嵴减少、消失,自噬溶酶体大量存在,可见自噬小体;RES组细胞轻度水肿,膜完整,核呈不规则形,核膜完整,线粒体轻度肿胀,膜完整,膜内基质局部变淡,嵴减少,自噬溶酶体大量存在;AMPK抑制剂组细胞中度水肿,膜较完整,表面微绒毛明显肿胀、变圆,核呈不规则形,线粒体大部分明显肿胀、变圆,膜内基质溶解,嵴减少、消失,自噬溶酶体少量存在。见图5
与Control组比较,H2O2组凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase-3相对表达量均增加,Bcl-2相对表达量减少,经RES预处理后,Bax和Caspase-3相对表达量降低,Bcl-2相对表达量增加,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂能逆转凋亡蛋白表达量。这与凋亡染色结果一致,进一步说明RES通过该信号通路缓解Gc-1 spg细胞凋亡。见图6
与Control组比较,H2O2组LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和p-AMPK/AMPK表达量增高,P62和p-mTOR/mTOR表达量下降,经RES预处理后, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和p-AMPK/AMPK表达量进一步增高,P62和p-mTOR/mTOR表达量进一步下降,与H2O2+RES组比较,AMPK抑制剂能降低LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和p-AMPK/AMPK的表达,并提高P62和p-mTOR/mTOR表达,说明RES通过该信号通路促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬并缓解其氧化应激损伤和凋亡。见图7
本研究用H2O2诱导Gc-1 spg细胞OS损伤和凋亡,探讨Gc-1 spg细胞OS损伤和线粒体自噬的关系以及RES在Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬中的作用,进一步研究RES是否通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬缓解Gc-1 spg细胞OS损伤。
OS损伤是过量ROS堆积的结果,会对机体多种细胞和组织产生毒害作用。其中,男性生殖细胞—精子就对ROS极为敏感,过多的ROS可引起精子结构与功能改变,影响精子活力[11-12],是造成男性不育的重要病因之一。线粒体作为生殖细胞中一种重要的细胞器,在细胞生理活动中起着非常重要的作用,它不仅是细胞内氧化磷酸化、形成ATP为细胞生命活动提供能量的主要场所,还是细胞内产生ROS的重要部位,容易受到ROS攻击导致细胞线粒体损伤及凋亡[13]。RES是一种广泛存在于葡萄、花生、虎杖等植物中的活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗自由基及改善微循环等药理作用。近年研究表明,RES能改善生殖功能损伤并提高生育率。Wu等[14-15]研究证实,RES通过抗氧化改善H2O2诱导的精子损伤,并通过增加SIRT1表达改善环磷酰胺诱导的人颗粒细胞损伤;Xing等[16]研究也表明50 μmol·L-1浓度RES通过增加SIRT1活性,增强卵泡颗粒细胞抗氧化及抗凋亡能力,改善卵泡颗粒细胞功能。本研究结果显示,RES预处理对H2O2诱导的Gc-1 spg细胞OS及线粒体损伤、凋亡均有明显的保护作用,RES能提高细胞活力以及SOD和GSH-PX活性,降低MDA和LDH水平,缓解细胞线粒体损伤及凋亡、提高细胞中ATP产生及线粒体膜电位,降低凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase-3表达,提高抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达,AMPK抑制剂能显著逆转上述RES的保护作用,这也进一步证实了既往的研究结果,并拓展了RES在生殖细胞OS损伤中的作用,提示RES可能通过AMPK信号通路发挥其保护作用。也有研究表明,肠细胞内较高的ATP浓度可以抑制AMPK信号转导[17],但本研究结果显示,Gc-1 spg细胞内较高ATP浓度并没有抑制AMPK的激活,且相反,考虑是RES介导AMPK信号通路的激活并非细胞内较高的ATP浓度,这有待更多的研究证实。
当细胞内ROS积累、线粒体总数过度、衰老及存在缺陷时,主要通过细胞自噬的方式清除线粒体,线粒体自噬可作为一种调控细胞线粒体质量的机制,在维持生殖细胞内线粒体正常功能和基因组稳定性上起着重要作用。LC3是自噬过程中的标志蛋白,外源物质刺激细胞自噬启动时,胞浆型的LC3Ⅰ分解掉一小段多肽,转化为LC3Ⅱ,参与自噬体膜形成,因此LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ值的大小可估计自噬水平的高低,P62也是重要的自噬标记蛋白,其与LC3结合诱导自噬体形成,从而吞噬并清除受损线粒体,P62水平与自噬通量成反比[18]。有研究表明,镉通过增加线粒体分裂蛋白(DRP1和FIS1)的表达,减少线粒体融合蛋白(OPA1和MFN1)的表达,并阻碍自噬体和溶酶体的融合,诱导过度线粒体分裂和抑制线粒体自噬导致小鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡[19]。也有研究表明,自噬缺陷导致成肌细胞凋亡并损害肌管形成,自噬和线粒体自噬是调节成肌细胞分化过程中线粒体网络相关信号、线粒体氧化应激和线粒体相关细胞死亡的重要机制[20]。本研究结果显示,RES组自噬蛋白LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ表达水平增加,P62蛋白表达水平降低,且电镜结果显示自噬溶酶体大量存在,重要的是Gc-1 spg细胞OS、线粒体损伤及凋亡率均降低,这与既往研究结果一致,说明线粒体自噬可能是缓解线粒体损伤和凋亡的关键。
AMPK是一种真核细胞内关键的能量和代谢感受器,也是细胞和机体能量平衡的主要调节因子,其活化促进能量分解代谢并抑制能量消耗合成代谢,平衡能量的供应和需求,最终调节细胞和器官的生长[21]。当细胞缺乏葡萄糖时,细胞会启动依赖AMPK的自噬过程[22]。mTOR作为PI3K/Akt通路下游效应分子和氨基酸、ATP和激素感受器,其活性是形成成熟自噬体的关键[23]。研究表明,RES不仅能直接抑制mTOR的活性,启动肿瘤细胞MCF-7自噬,还可通过减少缺氧/复氧H9c2心肌细胞内Akt的表达,进而抑制mTORC1活性,激活细胞自噬[24-25];另有研究表明,RES可抑制AMPK对mTORC1成员PRAS40的磷酸化,而PRAS40磷酸化受阻将妨碍PRAS40从mTORC1上解离,进而抑制14-3-3蛋白的活性,使得MCF-7细胞自噬活性降低[26]。此外,RES可通过AMPK-mTOR信号通路调控自噬阻止棕榈酸诱导的人主动脉内皮细胞内OS损伤[27]。本研究结果显示,H2O2能增加LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达量,降低P62和p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达量,激活AMPK信号通路,抑制mTOR信号通路促进Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬,这可能是因为OS导致细胞损伤,细胞内ATP水平不足,激活能量感受器AMPK,启动线粒体自噬清除胞内坏死物质并恢复细胞稳态;RES能进一步激活该信号通路加强Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬缓解OS损伤,AMPK抑制剂组LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ和p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达量降低,P62和p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达量增加,线粒体自噬水平降低,这与Liu等[28]的研究结果一致。说明RES可通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控Gc-1 spg细胞线粒体自噬缓解OS损伤。研究表明,溶酶体功能在自噬过程中发挥重要的作用,能够维持早、晚期自噬的正常进行,以完全清除细胞内坏死物质[29]。本研究结果表明,OS损伤和RES均能激活线粒体自噬,我们推测OS导致的线粒体自噬是损伤引起的细胞早期代偿性保护作用,当具有一定功能的溶酶体被完全利用,就会导致细胞内自噬体的堆积且无法将坏死物质清除,而RES诱导的线粒体自噬可能是保留了较多有功能的溶酶体使自噬过程正常进行,清除更多的坏死物质,在接下来的实验中,我们将进一步研究RES对线粒体自噬中溶酶体功能的影响。
  • 甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR1RA188)
  • 甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR11RA013)
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2024年第59卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-09-28
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-28
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甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR1RA188)
甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助(21JR11RA013)
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    1 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院生殖医学中心, 兰州 730050
    2 甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院, 兰州 730000
    3 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院, 甘肃省干细胞与基因药物重点实验室, 兰州 730050

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*王玲,女,博士,副教授,主任医师 研究方向:生殖医学;阎一鑫,男,硕士,主管技师 研究方向:男性不育研究 Tel:(0931)995191
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