Article(id=1248600567082275011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)05-0398-11, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672761600000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775619173069, onlineDateStr=2026-04-08, pubDate=1709827200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775619173069, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775619173069, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619173069, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1248600564427280576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='377', pageEnd='468', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775619172436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775619904979, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1248603637019202091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1248603637023396396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1248600564427280576, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=398, endPage=408, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1248600567568814278, articleId=1248600567082275011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Effects of Different Drying Methods on Multiple Index Constituents in Lysimachiae Herba Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different drying methods on multiple index constituents in Lysimachiae Herba. METHODS A comprehensive analytical method employed with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was used for simultaneous determination of forty-four constituents including flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, and nucleosides in Lysimachiae Herba. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), gray relation analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) methods were applied to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the results of multiple index constituents. RESULTS HCA results showed that seven different drying methods were mainly divided into two categories, the first category was sun drying and shady drying, and the second category was drying at different temperatures, microwave drying, and freeze drying. In addition, GRA and TOPSIS results showed that sun drying samples had better quality, and shady drying and freeze drying could be used as alternative drying methods. CONCLUSION This study can provide a basis for revealing the scientific connotation of traditional drying method of Lysimachiae Herba, and provide information for the optimization of drying method during the processing of Lysimachiae Herba.

, correspAuthors=Lisi ZOU, Xunhong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yongyi ZHOU, Haijie CHEN, Jia XUE, Lisi ZOU, Nan WU, Jiahuan YUAN, Xunhong LIU, Zhichen CAI, Cuihua CHEN, Wei YANG, Jianming CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1248600568910991581, articleId=1248600567082275011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于多元统计分析评价不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定不同干燥方法下金钱草中黄酮、有机酸、氨基酸及核苷类共44种指标成分的含量;根据44种目标成分的含量,用聚类分析(HCA)、灰色关联度分析(GRA)及逼近理想解排序方法(TOPSIS)法对不同干燥方法下金钱草样品进行综合评价。结果 HCA结果显示,7个不同干燥方法主要分为2类,第1类为晒干和阴干,第2类为不同温度烘干、微波干燥和冷冻干燥;综合GRA和TOPSIS结果,晒干的金钱草样品综合质量较好,阴干和冷冻干燥也可以作为代替干燥方法。结论 该研究可为揭示金钱草传统干燥方法科学内涵提供依据,同时为金钱草药材产地加工时干燥方法的优选提供基础资料。

, correspAuthors=邹立思, 刘训红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邹立思,男,实验师 研究方向:中药栽培与鉴定研究 Tel: (025)85811524;
刘训红,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药鉴定与品质评价研究 Tel: (025)85811511
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周永逸,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源开发与合理利用

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周永逸,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源开发与合理利用

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周永逸,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源开发与合理利用

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Chin Pharm J (中国药学杂志), 2021, 56(1): 68-74., articleTitle=Quality evaluation of Granati Pericarpium from different areas with grey correlation and cluster analysis based on HPLC fingerprint, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248712178820366662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=13, pageStart=3452, pageEnd=3462, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=WU N, YUAN J H, WANG W X, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU N, YUAN J H, WANG W X, et al. Analysis and evaluation of dynamic accumulation of multiple active constituents in Taxilli Herba in Guangxi[J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2022, 47(13): 3452-3462., articleTitle=Analysis and evaluation of dynamic accumulation of multiple active constituents in Taxilli Herba in Guangxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248712178908447048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=LI P L, journalName=Study on varying patterns of flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. during drying and its antioxidant activities, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI P L. Study on varying patterns of flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. during drying and its antioxidant activities[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248712179004916042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=3, pageStart=930, pageEnd=936, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LIU S Y, HUANG Q M, WU C J, journalName=中草药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU S Y, HUANG Q M, WU C J, et al. Research progress on freeze-drying technology in field of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2022, 53(3): 930-936., articleTitle=Research progress on freeze-drying technology in field of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1248712175989211422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, awardId=PPZY2015A070, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目资助(PPZY2015A070), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248712166560416743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248712166619137001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, companyId=1248712166560416743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248712166661080044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, companyId=1248712166560416743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 南京中医药大学药学院, 南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1248712166749160432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248712166753354737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, companyId=1248712166749160432, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248712166761743346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, companyId=1248712166749160432, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 江苏省经典名方工程研究中心, 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1248712174512816362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) of 44 target constituents

1-lysine; 2-histidine; 3-serine; 4-aspartic acid; 5-theronine; 6-glutamic acid; 7-alanine; 8-proline; 9-uridine; 10-cytidine; 11-valine; 12-uracil; 13-tyrosine; 14-gallic acid; 15-isoleucine; 16-inosine; 17-leucine; 18-2'-deoxyguanosine; 19-thymidine; 20-protocatechuic acid; 21-phenylalanine; 22-neochlorogenic acid; 23-procyanidin b2; 24-procyanidin b1; 25-chlorogenic acid; 26-caffeic acid; 27-epicatechin; 28-kaempferide; 29-syringic acid; 30-cryptochlorogenic acid; 31-schaftoside; 32-coniferic acid; 33-isoschaftoside; 34-hyperin; 35-rutin; 36-isoquercitrin; 37-kaempferol 3-o-galactoside; 38-quercitrin; 39-astragalin; 40-kaempferol 3-o-rutinoside; 41-afzelin; 42-quercetin; 43-naringenin; 44-kaempferol.

, figureFileSmall=n2hrngjIFkcvBC0rBEfSww==, figureFileBig=pogEcOv+9hZd9gbc3KeT1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712174579925229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=图1, caption=标准品中44种目标成分的多反应监测模式(MRM)检测图

1-赖氨酸;2-组氨酸;3-丝氨酸;4-天冬氨酸;5-苏氨酸;6-谷氨酸;7-丙氨酸;8-脯氨酸;9-尿苷;10-胞苷;11-缬氨酸;12-尿嘧啶;13-酪氨酸;14-没食子酸;15-异亮氨酸;16-肌苷;17-亮氨酸;18-2'-脱氧鸟苷;19-胸苷;20-原儿茶酸;21-苯丙氨酸;22-新绿原酸;23-原花青素B2;24-原花青素B1;25-绿原酸;26-咖啡酸;27-表儿茶素;28-山柰素;29-丁香酸;30-隐绿原酸;31-夏佛塔苷;32-阿魏酸;33-异夏佛塔苷;34-金丝桃苷;35-芦丁;36-异槲皮苷;37-三叶豆苷;38-槲皮苷;39-紫云英苷;40-山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷;41-阿福豆苷;42-槲皮素;43-柚皮素;44-山柰酚。

, figureFileSmall=n2hrngjIFkcvBC0rBEfSww==, figureFileBig=pogEcOv+9hZd9gbc3KeT1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712174697365746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Columnar stacked diagram of 4 types of target constituents in Lysimachiae Herba with different drying methods, figureFileSmall=oyVIGGsyzaDzmQkA6B2Ggw==, figureFileBig=orcQbIg4zcYZ9kR0o7+M9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712174764474612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同干燥方法处理的金钱草样品中4类目标成分含量的柱状堆积图, figureFileSmall=oyVIGGsyzaDzmQkA6B2Ggw==, figureFileBig=orcQbIg4zcYZ9kR0o7+M9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712174844166390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Dendrograms of hierarchical cluster analysis for Lysimachiae Herba with different drying methods, figureFileSmall=bMOL+qN0yeQsfGVyvSJDUg==, figureFileBig=/9xEREiGohFg8+3PrqfIqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712174923858173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同干燥方法金钱草样品聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=bMOL+qN0yeQsfGVyvSJDUg==, figureFileBig=/9xEREiGohFg8+3PrqfIqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248712175007744253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters of 44 constituents in mixed standard solution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Molecular
formula
tR
/min
MRM parameters
Mass data(m/z) DP/V CE/eV Ion mode
Lysine C6H14N2O2 1.11 147.110/83.910 100.00 14.00 ESI+
Histidine C6H9N3O2 1.12 156.080/110.030 100.00 16.00 ESI+
Serine C3H7NO3 1.19 106.050/59.990 100.00 8.00 ESI+
Aspartic acid C4H7NO4 1.23 134.050/87.960 59.00 10.00 ESI+
Theronine C4H9NO3 1.25 120.170/74.000 100.00 20.00 ESI+
Glutamic acid C5H9NO4 1.26 148.100/83.900 12.00 14.00 ESI+
Alanine C3H7NO2 1.27 90.060/44.020 100.00 10.00 ESI+
Proline C5H9NO2 1.32 116.070/70.020 68.00 10.00 ESI+
Uridine C9H12N2O6 1.33 245.000/113.000 10.00 13.00 ESI+
Cytidine C9H13N3O5 1.34 244.090/112.000 61.00 10.00 ESI+
Valine C5H11NO2 1.59 118.090/72.060 100.00 10.00 ESI+
Uracil C4H4N2O2 2.37 113.000/70.000 111.00 21.00 ESI+
Tyrosine C9H11NO3 3.31 182.100/136.000 16.00 16.00 ESI+
Gallic acid C7H6O5 3.58 168.990/125.000 -125.00 -13.00 ESI-
Isoleucine C6H13NO2 3.88 132.100/86.050 64.00 10.00 ESI+
Inosine C10H12N4O5 4.05 269.000/137.070 46.00 15.00 ESI+
Leucine C6H13NO2 4.29 132.100/86.050 100.00 16.00 ESI+
2'-Deoxyguanosine C10H13N5O4 4.34 268.100/152.100 61.00 15.00 ESI+
Thymidine C10H14N2O5 7.41 243.100/127.070 61.00 13.00 ESI+
Protocatechuic acid C7H6O4 7.82 152.900/109.000 -85.00 -18.00 ESI-
Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 7.87 166.100/120.050 100.00 14.00 ESI+
Neochlorogenic acid C16H18O9 11.09 305.100/125.000 -80.00 -26.00 ESI-
Procyanidin B2 C30H26O12 11.54 579.200/291.100 120.00 13.00 ESI+
Procyanidin B1 C30H26O12 11.56 577.000/288.900 -280.00 -33.00 ESI-
Chlorogenic acid C16H18O9 13.12 305.100/125.000 -35.00 -20.00 ESI-
Caffeic acid C9H8O4 13.77 179.030/134.600 -125.00 -20.00 ESI-
Epicatechin C15H14O6 14.29 289.000/244.800 -135.00 -20.00 ESI-
Kaempferide C16H12O6 14.46 301.000/161.000 100.00 38.00 ESI+
Syringic acid C9H10O5 14.48 196.990/182.100 -80.00 -13.00 ESI-
Cryptochlorogenic acid C16H18O9 14.75 305.100/125.000 -95.00 -20.00 ESI-
Schaftoside C26H28O14 16.35 563.135/545.000 -60.00 -45.00 ESI-
Coniferic acid C10H10O4 16.78 195.000/177.100 54.00 14.00 ESI+
Isoschaftoside C26H28O14 17.57 563.200/353.000 -120.00 -14.00 ESI-
Hyperin C21H20O12 18.70 463.000/300.000 -160.00 -36.00 ESI-
Rutin C27H30O16 18.91 609.060/300.000 -170.00 -48.00 ESI-
Isoquercitrin C21H20O12 18.99 463.000/300.000 -180.00 -36.00 ESI-
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside C21H20O11 20.61 449.108/287.055 65.00 45.00 ESI+
Quercitrin C21H20O11 21.10 447.000/301.000 -165.00 -30.00 ESI-
Astragalin C21H20O11 21.35 447.100/283.900 -100.00 -36.00 ESI-
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside C27H30O15 21.41 595.000/287.200 -220.00 -35.00 ESI-
Afzelin C21H20O10 24.05 431.100/285.000 -130.00 -40.00 ESI-
Quercetin C15H10O7 24.57 301.100/151.000 -62.00 -28.00 ESI-
Naringenin C15H12O5 24.99 271.060/151.000 -56.31 -26.53 ESI-
Kaempferol C15H10O6 25.91 257.000/137.000 -120.00 -36.00 ESI-
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175095824640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

标准品中44种目标成分质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Molecular
formula
tR
/min
MRM parameters
Mass data(m/z) DP/V CE/eV Ion mode
Lysine C6H14N2O2 1.11 147.110/83.910 100.00 14.00 ESI+
Histidine C6H9N3O2 1.12 156.080/110.030 100.00 16.00 ESI+
Serine C3H7NO3 1.19 106.050/59.990 100.00 8.00 ESI+
Aspartic acid C4H7NO4 1.23 134.050/87.960 59.00 10.00 ESI+
Theronine C4H9NO3 1.25 120.170/74.000 100.00 20.00 ESI+
Glutamic acid C5H9NO4 1.26 148.100/83.900 12.00 14.00 ESI+
Alanine C3H7NO2 1.27 90.060/44.020 100.00 10.00 ESI+
Proline C5H9NO2 1.32 116.070/70.020 68.00 10.00 ESI+
Uridine C9H12N2O6 1.33 245.000/113.000 10.00 13.00 ESI+
Cytidine C9H13N3O5 1.34 244.090/112.000 61.00 10.00 ESI+
Valine C5H11NO2 1.59 118.090/72.060 100.00 10.00 ESI+
Uracil C4H4N2O2 2.37 113.000/70.000 111.00 21.00 ESI+
Tyrosine C9H11NO3 3.31 182.100/136.000 16.00 16.00 ESI+
Gallic acid C7H6O5 3.58 168.990/125.000 -125.00 -13.00 ESI-
Isoleucine C6H13NO2 3.88 132.100/86.050 64.00 10.00 ESI+
Inosine C10H12N4O5 4.05 269.000/137.070 46.00 15.00 ESI+
Leucine C6H13NO2 4.29 132.100/86.050 100.00 16.00 ESI+
2'-Deoxyguanosine C10H13N5O4 4.34 268.100/152.100 61.00 15.00 ESI+
Thymidine C10H14N2O5 7.41 243.100/127.070 61.00 13.00 ESI+
Protocatechuic acid C7H6O4 7.82 152.900/109.000 -85.00 -18.00 ESI-
Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 7.87 166.100/120.050 100.00 14.00 ESI+
Neochlorogenic acid C16H18O9 11.09 305.100/125.000 -80.00 -26.00 ESI-
Procyanidin B2 C30H26O12 11.54 579.200/291.100 120.00 13.00 ESI+
Procyanidin B1 C30H26O12 11.56 577.000/288.900 -280.00 -33.00 ESI-
Chlorogenic acid C16H18O9 13.12 305.100/125.000 -35.00 -20.00 ESI-
Caffeic acid C9H8O4 13.77 179.030/134.600 -125.00 -20.00 ESI-
Epicatechin C15H14O6 14.29 289.000/244.800 -135.00 -20.00 ESI-
Kaempferide C16H12O6 14.46 301.000/161.000 100.00 38.00 ESI+
Syringic acid C9H10O5 14.48 196.990/182.100 -80.00 -13.00 ESI-
Cryptochlorogenic acid C16H18O9 14.75 305.100/125.000 -95.00 -20.00 ESI-
Schaftoside C26H28O14 16.35 563.135/545.000 -60.00 -45.00 ESI-
Coniferic acid C10H10O4 16.78 195.000/177.100 54.00 14.00 ESI+
Isoschaftoside C26H28O14 17.57 563.200/353.000 -120.00 -14.00 ESI-
Hyperin C21H20O12 18.70 463.000/300.000 -160.00 -36.00 ESI-
Rutin C27H30O16 18.91 609.060/300.000 -170.00 -48.00 ESI-
Isoquercitrin C21H20O12 18.99 463.000/300.000 -180.00 -36.00 ESI-
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside C21H20O11 20.61 449.108/287.055 65.00 45.00 ESI+
Quercitrin C21H20O11 21.10 447.000/301.000 -165.00 -30.00 ESI-
Astragalin C21H20O11 21.35 447.100/283.900 -100.00 -36.00 ESI-
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside C27H30O15 21.41 595.000/287.200 -220.00 -35.00 ESI-
Afzelin C21H20O10 24.05 431.100/285.000 -130.00 -40.00 ESI-
Quercetin C15H10O7 24.57 301.100/151.000 -62.00 -28.00 ESI-
Naringenin C15H12O5 24.99 271.060/151.000 -56.31 -26.53 ESI-
Kaempferol C15H10O6 25.91 257.000/137.000 -120.00 -36.00 ESI-
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175175516420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Liner equations, correlation coefficients, linear range, limits of detection, and limits of quantification of 44 constituents in mixed standard solution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Liner equations r Liner range/ng·mL-1 LOD/ng·mL-1 LOQ/ng·mL-1
Lysine Y=3 250X-75 900 0.999 6 28.80 -2 500 1.49 4.95
Histidine Y=6 970X+216 000 0.999 9 21.90 -2 500 0.39 1.30
Serine Y=1 680X+119 000 0.999 5 7.56 -2 940 8.13 27.11
Aspartic acid Y=1 010X+72 700 0.999 7 10.70 -11 780 10.17 33.91
Theronine Y=363X+23 700 0.999 6 51.60 -11 560 4.24 14.12
Glutamic acid Y=3 790X+398 000 0.999 7 120.00 -9 550 0.89 2.96
Alanine Y=281X+30 100 0.999 8 20.90 -22 000 3.09 10.30
Proline Y=5 830X+60 200 0.999 8 20.20 -20 920 1.22 4.07
Uridine Y=3 310X+12 300 0.999 7 32.70 -5 030 1.10 3.67
Cytidine Y=5 510X+1 540 000 0.999 5 5.71 -2 410 0.08 0.28
Valine Y=16 600X+706 000 0.999 6 30.80 -5 020 1.94 6.45
Uracil Y=785X+20 400 0.999 4 29.60 -5 010 6.23 20.76
Tyrosine Y=17 500X+659 000 0.999 9 45.20 -2 500 1.03 3.44
Gallic acid Y=3 780X+86 500 0.999 9 3.39 -2 420 1.80 5.98
Isoleucine Y=15 500X+725 000 0.999 7 18.50 -2 660 1.79 5.97
Inosine Y=11 500X+381 000 0.999 9 7.85 -2 760 1.40 4.68
Leucine Y=8 090X+380 000 0.999 7 21.10 -5 040 0.70 2.32
2'-Deoxyguanosine Y=43 300X+1 520 000 0.999 8 8.10 -2 540 0.37 1.22
Thymidine Y=3 840X+47 900 0.999 7 2.10 -2 530 0.61 2.04
Protocatechuic acid Y=4870X+169 000 0.999 8 2.64 -5 140 2.96 9.85
Phenylalanine Y=22 600X+2 070 000 0.999 9 65.60 -2 920 0.54 1.81
Neochlorogenic acid Y=22.1X+6 120 0.999 7 122.00 -4 770 3.33 11.11
Procyanidin B2 Y=379X+12 700 0.999 8 6.63 -2 740 0.86 2.87
Procyanidin B1 Y=711X+6 120 0.999 5 26.90 -2 700 0.84 2.81
Chlorogenic acid Y=3 940X+140 000 0.999 9 9.60 -4 930 0.20 0.66
Caffeic acid Y=3 890X+75 900 0.999 9 15.00 -2 630 0.84 2.79
Epicatechin Y=791X+28 500 0.999 9 8.51 -1 0300 0.86 2.86
Kaempferide Y=187X+27 600 0.999 9 18.00 -6 270 1.03 3.43
Syringic acid Y=71.9X+2 470 0.999 8 5.00 -5 930 2.64 8.79
Cryptochlorogenic acid Y=1 400X+24 100 0.999 9 12.30 -3 310 1.45 4.84
Schaftoside Y=15.6X+291 1.000 0 4.20 -2 350 9.16 30.52
Coniferic acid Y=2 730X+108 000 0.999 9 12.90 -2 580 3.89 12.98
Isoschaftoside Y=1.72X+95.1 0.999 5 94.20 -4 480 8.96 29.87
Hyperin Y=9 590X+363 000 0.999 5 26.40 -9 400 0.18 0.60
Rutin Y=2 060X+162 000 0.999 6 3.61 -30 400 0.24 0.80
Isoquercitrin Y=8 120X+238 000 0.999 4 13.20 -10 800 0.85 2.83
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside Y=2 450X+497 000 0.999 4 47.40 -11 780 0.30 0.99
Quercitrin Y=4 980X+66 700 0.999 5 19.90 -2 590 0.34 1.12
Astragalin Y=3 920X+89 200 0.999 5 11.40 -19500 0.48 1.59
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside Y=892X+68 100 0.999 4 113.00 -4 970 0.19 0.64
Afzelin Y=3 910X+111 000 0.999 9 0.26 -4 340 0.07 0.25
Quercetin Y=57.4X+297 000 0.999 8 25.70 -201 000 0.09 0.29
Naringenin Y=4 090X+287 000 0.999 8 9.75 -2 980 0.10 0.35
Kaempferol Y=1.43X+10 200 0.999 9 90.60 -231 000 0.71 2.37
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175309734153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

标准品中44种目标成分的回归方程、相关系数、线性范围、检测限和定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Liner equations r Liner range/ng·mL-1 LOD/ng·mL-1 LOQ/ng·mL-1
Lysine Y=3 250X-75 900 0.999 6 28.80 -2 500 1.49 4.95
Histidine Y=6 970X+216 000 0.999 9 21.90 -2 500 0.39 1.30
Serine Y=1 680X+119 000 0.999 5 7.56 -2 940 8.13 27.11
Aspartic acid Y=1 010X+72 700 0.999 7 10.70 -11 780 10.17 33.91
Theronine Y=363X+23 700 0.999 6 51.60 -11 560 4.24 14.12
Glutamic acid Y=3 790X+398 000 0.999 7 120.00 -9 550 0.89 2.96
Alanine Y=281X+30 100 0.999 8 20.90 -22 000 3.09 10.30
Proline Y=5 830X+60 200 0.999 8 20.20 -20 920 1.22 4.07
Uridine Y=3 310X+12 300 0.999 7 32.70 -5 030 1.10 3.67
Cytidine Y=5 510X+1 540 000 0.999 5 5.71 -2 410 0.08 0.28
Valine Y=16 600X+706 000 0.999 6 30.80 -5 020 1.94 6.45
Uracil Y=785X+20 400 0.999 4 29.60 -5 010 6.23 20.76
Tyrosine Y=17 500X+659 000 0.999 9 45.20 -2 500 1.03 3.44
Gallic acid Y=3 780X+86 500 0.999 9 3.39 -2 420 1.80 5.98
Isoleucine Y=15 500X+725 000 0.999 7 18.50 -2 660 1.79 5.97
Inosine Y=11 500X+381 000 0.999 9 7.85 -2 760 1.40 4.68
Leucine Y=8 090X+380 000 0.999 7 21.10 -5 040 0.70 2.32
2'-Deoxyguanosine Y=43 300X+1 520 000 0.999 8 8.10 -2 540 0.37 1.22
Thymidine Y=3 840X+47 900 0.999 7 2.10 -2 530 0.61 2.04
Protocatechuic acid Y=4870X+169 000 0.999 8 2.64 -5 140 2.96 9.85
Phenylalanine Y=22 600X+2 070 000 0.999 9 65.60 -2 920 0.54 1.81
Neochlorogenic acid Y=22.1X+6 120 0.999 7 122.00 -4 770 3.33 11.11
Procyanidin B2 Y=379X+12 700 0.999 8 6.63 -2 740 0.86 2.87
Procyanidin B1 Y=711X+6 120 0.999 5 26.90 -2 700 0.84 2.81
Chlorogenic acid Y=3 940X+140 000 0.999 9 9.60 -4 930 0.20 0.66
Caffeic acid Y=3 890X+75 900 0.999 9 15.00 -2 630 0.84 2.79
Epicatechin Y=791X+28 500 0.999 9 8.51 -1 0300 0.86 2.86
Kaempferide Y=187X+27 600 0.999 9 18.00 -6 270 1.03 3.43
Syringic acid Y=71.9X+2 470 0.999 8 5.00 -5 930 2.64 8.79
Cryptochlorogenic acid Y=1 400X+24 100 0.999 9 12.30 -3 310 1.45 4.84
Schaftoside Y=15.6X+291 1.000 0 4.20 -2 350 9.16 30.52
Coniferic acid Y=2 730X+108 000 0.999 9 12.90 -2 580 3.89 12.98
Isoschaftoside Y=1.72X+95.1 0.999 5 94.20 -4 480 8.96 29.87
Hyperin Y=9 590X+363 000 0.999 5 26.40 -9 400 0.18 0.60
Rutin Y=2 060X+162 000 0.999 6 3.61 -30 400 0.24 0.80
Isoquercitrin Y=8 120X+238 000 0.999 4 13.20 -10 800 0.85 2.83
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside Y=2 450X+497 000 0.999 4 47.40 -11 780 0.30 0.99
Quercitrin Y=4 980X+66 700 0.999 5 19.90 -2 590 0.34 1.12
Astragalin Y=3 920X+89 200 0.999 5 11.40 -19500 0.48 1.59
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside Y=892X+68 100 0.999 4 113.00 -4 970 0.19 0.64
Afzelin Y=3 910X+111 000 0.999 9 0.26 -4 340 0.07 0.25
Quercetin Y=57.4X+297 000 0.999 8 25.70 -201 000 0.09 0.29
Naringenin Y=4 090X+287 000 0.999 8 9.75 -2 980 0.10 0.35
Kaempferol Y=1.43X+10 200 0.999 9 90.60 -231 000 0.71 2.37
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175393620237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of 44 constituents in Lysimachiae Herba.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Precision RSD Repeatability
RSD(n=6)
Stability
RSD(n=6)
Recovery
Intra-day (n=6) Inter-day (n=9) Mean RSD
Lysine 0.96 0.52 4.0 3.1 99.89 0.75
Histidine 4.7 3.7 3.7 4.4 99.76 1.8
Serine 2.3 3.5 4.8 2.2 98.06 1.8
Aspartic acid 4.5 4.2 4.9 3.0 99.19 1.9
Theronine 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.1 101.3 1.2
Glutamic acid 2.6 4.6 4.0 3.6 100.5 1.0
Alanine 4.6 3.8 3.0 4.4 100.4 0.88
Proline 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.9 100.5 0.82
Uridine 4.4 4.9 4.9 2.7 99.96 1.3
Cytidine 4.9 3.1 3.2 4.0 99.46 2.7
Valine 1.9 3.6 4.7 2.5 101.7 3.1
Uracil 3.1 4.2 4.2 2.3 100.7 1.0
Tyrosine 2.1 3.2 3.9 1.4 100.5 3.6
Gallic acid 2.2 1.4 3.2 2.5 100.2 2.0
Isoleucine 4.6 4.0 2.0 2.5 100.5 2.3
Inosine 2.8 2.9 4.4 2.6 99.55 2.6
Leucine 4.0 0.7 3.9 2.7 100.3 0.62
2'-Deoxyguanosine 2.8 4.8 2.8 3.9 100.8 2.2
Thymidine 3.9 3.3 4.8 2.8 100.6 2.3
Protocatechuic acid 4.4 2.1 1.5 1.2 99.74 1.2
Phenylalanine 2.7 1.9 3.1 1.8 100.9 1.5
Neochlorogenic acid 4.8 4.0 3.6 4.4 99.67 2.2
Procyanidin B2 4.9 1.1 4.7 4.3 101.0 1.8
Procyanidin B1 2.7 4.5 4.8 4.9 99.37 2.6
Chlorogenic acid 3.6 2.5 3.1 1.9 100.1 2.0
Caffeic acid 4.5 3.0 2.8 1.7 101.3 3.1
Epicatechin 4.8 3.6 4.3 3.9 100.6 0.90
Kaempferide 2.7 4.7 4.4 2.8 100.8 3.4
Syringic acid 4.8 4.9 3.7 4.5 100.8 3.5
Cryptochlorogenic acid 3.8 0.89 4.7 4.1 100.7 1.9
Schaftoside 4.5 3.7 4.9 2.5 99.74 4.6
Coniferic acid 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.3 101.9 3.0
Isoschaftoside 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.8 101.8 2.4
Hyperin 4.8 2.0 2.5 1.2 100.8 1.7
Rutin 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 99.77 1.3
Isoquercitrin 3.3 2.0 2.4 1.2 100.2 1.9
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 4.8 3.1 2.3 2.0 99.93 0.91
Quercitrin 4.6 1.2 1.8 3.0 101.9 2.2
Astragalin 2.7 2.0 3.5 2.5 100.4 1.0
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside 4.7 4.1 4.1 2.3 100.4 1.7
Afzelin 1.7 2.3 2.7 1.1 100.7 2.4
Quercetin 2.9 2.8 3.5 1.9 100.2 0.78
Naringenin 4.8 2.7 4.7 4.4 99.73 4.5
Kaempferol 3.8 3.0 4.4 4.9 99.74 0.94
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175502672145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

金钱草中44种成分的精密度、重复性、稳定性、加样回收率.%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Precision RSD Repeatability
RSD(n=6)
Stability
RSD(n=6)
Recovery
Intra-day (n=6) Inter-day (n=9) Mean RSD
Lysine 0.96 0.52 4.0 3.1 99.89 0.75
Histidine 4.7 3.7 3.7 4.4 99.76 1.8
Serine 2.3 3.5 4.8 2.2 98.06 1.8
Aspartic acid 4.5 4.2 4.9 3.0 99.19 1.9
Theronine 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.1 101.3 1.2
Glutamic acid 2.6 4.6 4.0 3.6 100.5 1.0
Alanine 4.6 3.8 3.0 4.4 100.4 0.88
Proline 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.9 100.5 0.82
Uridine 4.4 4.9 4.9 2.7 99.96 1.3
Cytidine 4.9 3.1 3.2 4.0 99.46 2.7
Valine 1.9 3.6 4.7 2.5 101.7 3.1
Uracil 3.1 4.2 4.2 2.3 100.7 1.0
Tyrosine 2.1 3.2 3.9 1.4 100.5 3.6
Gallic acid 2.2 1.4 3.2 2.5 100.2 2.0
Isoleucine 4.6 4.0 2.0 2.5 100.5 2.3
Inosine 2.8 2.9 4.4 2.6 99.55 2.6
Leucine 4.0 0.7 3.9 2.7 100.3 0.62
2'-Deoxyguanosine 2.8 4.8 2.8 3.9 100.8 2.2
Thymidine 3.9 3.3 4.8 2.8 100.6 2.3
Protocatechuic acid 4.4 2.1 1.5 1.2 99.74 1.2
Phenylalanine 2.7 1.9 3.1 1.8 100.9 1.5
Neochlorogenic acid 4.8 4.0 3.6 4.4 99.67 2.2
Procyanidin B2 4.9 1.1 4.7 4.3 101.0 1.8
Procyanidin B1 2.7 4.5 4.8 4.9 99.37 2.6
Chlorogenic acid 3.6 2.5 3.1 1.9 100.1 2.0
Caffeic acid 4.5 3.0 2.8 1.7 101.3 3.1
Epicatechin 4.8 3.6 4.3 3.9 100.6 0.90
Kaempferide 2.7 4.7 4.4 2.8 100.8 3.4
Syringic acid 4.8 4.9 3.7 4.5 100.8 3.5
Cryptochlorogenic acid 3.8 0.89 4.7 4.1 100.7 1.9
Schaftoside 4.5 3.7 4.9 2.5 99.74 4.6
Coniferic acid 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.3 101.9 3.0
Isoschaftoside 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.8 101.8 2.4
Hyperin 4.8 2.0 2.5 1.2 100.8 1.7
Rutin 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 99.77 1.3
Isoquercitrin 3.3 2.0 2.4 1.2 100.2 1.9
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 4.8 3.1 2.3 2.0 99.93 0.91
Quercitrin 4.6 1.2 1.8 3.0 101.9 2.2
Astragalin 2.7 2.0 3.5 2.5 100.4 1.0
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside 4.7 4.1 4.1 2.3 100.4 1.7
Afzelin 1.7 2.3 2.7 1.1 100.7 2.4
Quercetin 2.9 2.8 3.5 1.9 100.2 0.78
Naringenin 4.8 2.7 4.7 4.4 99.73 4.5
Kaempferol 3.8 3.0 4.4 4.9 99.74 0.94
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175590752529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Determined results of 44 constituents in Lysimachiae Herba. n=3,μg·g-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Lysine 26.63 19.65 24.30 31.62 25.28 29.10 22.23
Histidine 9.58 9.83 8.08 7.67 6.46 7.14 7.65
Serine 1.74 2.04 1.99 2.47 2.81 2.84 3.39
Aspartic acid 24.03 20.07 23.54 23.54 17.89 32.05 32.45
Theronine 51.41 80.06 68.22 68.77 54.99 54.99 71.52
Glutamic acid 29.03 12.33 26.65 25.86 33.25 53.57 59.64
Alanine 98.93 93.59 128.82 146.97 202.13 72.24 53.73
Proline 105.04 178.28 80.69 75.54 63.36 87.55 97.32
Uridine 17.33 27.67 19.36 27.97 44.37 13.10 8.57
Cytidine 3.72 7.88 9.89 15.54 12.90 6.03 1.25
Valine 38.06 38.01 34.63 34.27 32.71 33.37 30.54
Uracil 28.28 29.93 14.26 16.68 19.74 18.72 3.56
Tyrosine 19.79 12.42 15.85 14.94 14.42 14.42 16.19
Gallic acid 0.85 1.17 0.77 1.21 1.54 1.09 0.75
Isoleucine 23.79 22.50 22.37 24.37 23.85 24.82 24.05
Inosine 0.98 1.23 0.05 0.07 0.24 0.05 0.73
Leucine 41.93 39.46 38.71 47.24 46.01 39.95 34.02
2'-Deoxyguanosine 0.09 - 0.13 0.10 - - -
Thymidine 0.11 0.04 0.18 0.18 0.38 0.02 0.07
Protocatechuic acid 2.53 11.87 1.14 1.58 3.49 1.46 1.79
Phenylalanine 28.24 26.87 26.78 24.62 25.63 27.23 26.87
Neochlorogenic acid 0.57 0.16 0.35 0.58 0.48 0.57 0.12
Procyanidin B2 13.36 2.11 7.18 4.57 4.39 5.13 20.85
Procyanidin B1 13.64 2.56 6.76 5.30 4.53 5.82 19.75
Chlorogenic acid 4.49 0.19 0.13 0.02 0.34 26.80 10.46
Caffeic acid 4.33 24.69 2.30 3.17 4.64 4.05 1.78
Epicatechin 61.46 24.04 32.00 27.33 21.89 49.20 39.97
Kaempferide 1.07 1.78 0.97 0.65 0.37 0.26 1.09
Syringic acid 2.76 3.65 1.65 2.67 0.44 0.26 0.08
Cryptochlorogenic acid 2.36 0.31 0.60 0.51 0.57 6.68 1.87
Schaftoside 0.20 0.20 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.47 0.20
Coniferic acid 4.11 2.44 2.28 4.07 9.75 0.78 0.81
Isoschaftoside 4.43 1.44 2.94 3.43 1.94 10.38 1.94
Hyperin 77.10 55.51 52.80 52.49 53.64 69.69 63.33
Rutin 281.25 205.04 171.54 165.23 204.55 230.28 248.73
Isoquercitrin 91.21 65.72 62.51 62.15 63.50 82.47 74.95
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 91.85 64.09 54.30 57.56 57.16 87.36 28.71
Quercitrin 1.11 0.75 1.16 1.13 1.36 0.41 1.30
Astragalin 165.33 137.78 101.05 111.00 119.67 141.10 63.04
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside 28.50 18.52 10.22 12.13 18.07 21.43 14.71
Afzelin 0.27 0.17 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.36 1.76
Quercetin 1 505.75 1 085.89 63.59 146.86 657.32 444.77 97.56
Naringenin 0.22 2.04 0.11 0.29 0.98 1.09 0.96
Kaempferol 1 956.64 1 180.42 53.15 185.31 561.54 415.38 66.29
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175683027220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

金钱草中44种目标成分的含量测定结果. n=3,μg·g-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Lysine 26.63 19.65 24.30 31.62 25.28 29.10 22.23
Histidine 9.58 9.83 8.08 7.67 6.46 7.14 7.65
Serine 1.74 2.04 1.99 2.47 2.81 2.84 3.39
Aspartic acid 24.03 20.07 23.54 23.54 17.89 32.05 32.45
Theronine 51.41 80.06 68.22 68.77 54.99 54.99 71.52
Glutamic acid 29.03 12.33 26.65 25.86 33.25 53.57 59.64
Alanine 98.93 93.59 128.82 146.97 202.13 72.24 53.73
Proline 105.04 178.28 80.69 75.54 63.36 87.55 97.32
Uridine 17.33 27.67 19.36 27.97 44.37 13.10 8.57
Cytidine 3.72 7.88 9.89 15.54 12.90 6.03 1.25
Valine 38.06 38.01 34.63 34.27 32.71 33.37 30.54
Uracil 28.28 29.93 14.26 16.68 19.74 18.72 3.56
Tyrosine 19.79 12.42 15.85 14.94 14.42 14.42 16.19
Gallic acid 0.85 1.17 0.77 1.21 1.54 1.09 0.75
Isoleucine 23.79 22.50 22.37 24.37 23.85 24.82 24.05
Inosine 0.98 1.23 0.05 0.07 0.24 0.05 0.73
Leucine 41.93 39.46 38.71 47.24 46.01 39.95 34.02
2'-Deoxyguanosine 0.09 - 0.13 0.10 - - -
Thymidine 0.11 0.04 0.18 0.18 0.38 0.02 0.07
Protocatechuic acid 2.53 11.87 1.14 1.58 3.49 1.46 1.79
Phenylalanine 28.24 26.87 26.78 24.62 25.63 27.23 26.87
Neochlorogenic acid 0.57 0.16 0.35 0.58 0.48 0.57 0.12
Procyanidin B2 13.36 2.11 7.18 4.57 4.39 5.13 20.85
Procyanidin B1 13.64 2.56 6.76 5.30 4.53 5.82 19.75
Chlorogenic acid 4.49 0.19 0.13 0.02 0.34 26.80 10.46
Caffeic acid 4.33 24.69 2.30 3.17 4.64 4.05 1.78
Epicatechin 61.46 24.04 32.00 27.33 21.89 49.20 39.97
Kaempferide 1.07 1.78 0.97 0.65 0.37 0.26 1.09
Syringic acid 2.76 3.65 1.65 2.67 0.44 0.26 0.08
Cryptochlorogenic acid 2.36 0.31 0.60 0.51 0.57 6.68 1.87
Schaftoside 0.20 0.20 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.47 0.20
Coniferic acid 4.11 2.44 2.28 4.07 9.75 0.78 0.81
Isoschaftoside 4.43 1.44 2.94 3.43 1.94 10.38 1.94
Hyperin 77.10 55.51 52.80 52.49 53.64 69.69 63.33
Rutin 281.25 205.04 171.54 165.23 204.55 230.28 248.73
Isoquercitrin 91.21 65.72 62.51 62.15 63.50 82.47 74.95
Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 91.85 64.09 54.30 57.56 57.16 87.36 28.71
Quercitrin 1.11 0.75 1.16 1.13 1.36 0.41 1.30
Astragalin 165.33 137.78 101.05 111.00 119.67 141.10 63.04
Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside 28.50 18.52 10.22 12.13 18.07 21.43 14.71
Afzelin 0.27 0.17 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.36 1.76
Quercetin 1 505.75 1 085.89 63.59 146.86 657.32 444.77 97.56
Naringenin 0.22 2.04 0.11 0.29 0.98 1.09 0.96
Kaempferol 1 956.64 1 180.42 53.15 185.31 561.54 415.38 66.29
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175754330391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Results of GRA and TOPSIS of samples with different processing methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample GRA TOPSIS
ri Rank Difference of ri/% Ci Rank Difference of Ci/%
S1 0.552 8 1 0.00 0.434 1 2 1.48
S2 0.453 2 3 18.02 0.440 6 1 0.00
S3 0.322 5 7 41.67 0.264 4 7 39.98
S4 0.354 4 6 35.89 0.300 5 6 31.80
S5 0.398 9 5 27.84 0.361 5 5 17.95
S6 0.484 0 2 12.44 0.408 5 3 7.29
S7 0.412 7 4 25.35 0.400 5 4 9.11
), ArticleFig(id=1248712175846605082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1248600567082275011, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同干燥方法灰色关联度(GRA)和TOPSIS分析排序结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample GRA TOPSIS
ri Rank Difference of ri/% Ci Rank Difference of Ci/%
S1 0.552 8 1 0.00 0.434 1 2 1.48
S2 0.453 2 3 18.02 0.440 6 1 0.00
S3 0.322 5 7 41.67 0.264 4 7 39.98
S4 0.354 4 6 35.89 0.300 5 6 31.80
S5 0.398 9 5 27.84 0.361 5 5 17.95
S6 0.484 0 2 12.44 0.408 5 3 7.29
S7 0.412 7 4 25.35 0.400 5 4 9.11
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基于多元统计分析评价不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响
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周永逸 1 , 陈海杰 1 , 薛佳 1 , 邹立思 1, * , 吴楠 1 , 袁嘉欢 1 , 刘训红 1, 2, * , 蔡芷辰 1 , 陈翠花 1 , 杨薇 1 , 程建明 1, 2
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(5): 398-408
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(5): 398-408
基于多元统计分析评价不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响
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周永逸1, 陈海杰1, 薛佳1, 邹立思1, *, 吴楠1, 袁嘉欢1, 刘训红1, 2, *, 蔡芷辰1, 陈翠花1, 杨薇1, 程建明1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 南京中医药大学药学院, 南京 210023
  • 2 江苏省经典名方工程研究中心, 南京 210023
  • 周永逸,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源开发与合理利用

通讯作者:

*邹立思,男,实验师 研究方向:中药栽培与鉴定研究 Tel: (025)85811524;
刘训红,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药鉴定与品质评价研究 Tel: (025)85811511
Evaluation of Effects of Different Drying Methods on Multiple Index Constituents in Lysimachiae Herba Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Yongyi ZHOU1, Haijie CHEN1, Jia XUE1, Lisi ZOU1, *, Nan WU1, Jiahuan YUAN1, Xunhong LIU1, 2, *, Zhichen CAI1, Cuihua CHEN1, Wei YANG1, Jianming CHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2 Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2024-03-08
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目的 探究不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定不同干燥方法下金钱草中黄酮、有机酸、氨基酸及核苷类共44种指标成分的含量;根据44种目标成分的含量,用聚类分析(HCA)、灰色关联度分析(GRA)及逼近理想解排序方法(TOPSIS)法对不同干燥方法下金钱草样品进行综合评价。结果 HCA结果显示,7个不同干燥方法主要分为2类,第1类为晒干和阴干,第2类为不同温度烘干、微波干燥和冷冻干燥;综合GRA和TOPSIS结果,晒干的金钱草样品综合质量较好,阴干和冷冻干燥也可以作为代替干燥方法。结论 该研究可为揭示金钱草传统干燥方法科学内涵提供依据,同时为金钱草药材产地加工时干燥方法的优选提供基础资料。

金钱草  /  干燥方法  /  超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱  /  多元指标成分  /  多元统计分析

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different drying methods on multiple index constituents in Lysimachiae Herba. METHODS A comprehensive analytical method employed with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was used for simultaneous determination of forty-four constituents including flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, and nucleosides in Lysimachiae Herba. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), gray relation analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) methods were applied to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the results of multiple index constituents. RESULTS HCA results showed that seven different drying methods were mainly divided into two categories, the first category was sun drying and shady drying, and the second category was drying at different temperatures, microwave drying, and freeze drying. In addition, GRA and TOPSIS results showed that sun drying samples had better quality, and shady drying and freeze drying could be used as alternative drying methods. CONCLUSION This study can provide a basis for revealing the scientific connotation of traditional drying method of Lysimachiae Herba, and provide information for the optimization of drying method during the processing of Lysimachiae Herba.

Lysimachiae Herba  /  drying method  /  UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS  /  multiple index constituent  /  multivariate statistical analysis
周永逸, 陈海杰, 薛佳, 邹立思, 吴楠, 袁嘉欢, 刘训红, 蔡芷辰, 陈翠花, 杨薇, 程建明. 基于多元统计分析评价不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (5) : 398 -408 .
Yongyi ZHOU, Haijie CHEN, Jia XUE, Lisi ZOU, Nan WU, Jiahuan YUAN, Xunhong LIU, Zhichen CAI, Cuihua CHEN, Wei YANG, Jianming CHENG. Evaluation of Effects of Different Drying Methods on Multiple Index Constituents in Lysimachiae Herba Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (5) : 398 -408 .
金钱草为临床常用中药材之一,系报春花科植物过路黄Lysimachia christinae Hance的干燥全草,是《中国药典》的收录品种,具有利湿退黄,利尿通淋,解毒消肿的功效,常用于治疗湿热黄疸,胆胀胁痛,石淋,热淋,小便涩痛等症[1]。现代研究表明,金钱草含有黄酮、有机酸、挥发油、氨基酸、脂肪酸类等化学成分[2-3],其中黄酮类和有机酸类化合物为主要成分,具有利尿排石、利胆排石、抑制结石形成、抗炎镇痛、抗痛风[4]等药理作用。中药具有多成分多靶点的特点,其疗效的发挥是协同作用的结果,因此,建立中药金钱草多元指标成分同时测定的方法,可以科学探讨多指标成分的综合整体评价体系。
药材产地干燥加工对确保药材质量和临床疗效有重要的意义,是药材生产和品质形成的重要环节[5]。因此,如何在干燥加工中最大限度地保存药材的指标成分,最大程度上减少药效的损失从而保证临床疗效,越来越引起重视。金钱草的传统干燥方法为晒干,该方法具有操作简单、成本低等优点,同时也是2020 年版《中国药典》中规定的金钱草干燥方法[1]。但随着中药材市场的逐渐扩大,药材的干燥加工日趋高效,多种干燥设备被应用于到中药材产地干燥加工[6]。据初步调查,金钱草产地干燥加工方法有晒干、不同温度烘干,也有鲜用[7],而关于金钱草不同干燥方法对其药材质量影响的相关研究尚属空白。因此,为了保证金钱草药材的质量均一,有必要探究不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元活性成分的影响,使其干燥方法规范化和标准化。
目前,金钱草药材的质量评价研究多以单黄酮类成分或者总黄酮的含量为考察指标[8],尚未见对多元指标成分同时测定的报道。2020年版《中国药典》以槲皮素和山柰酚作为质控指标,然而,单一或少数几个成分的含量难以客观反映中药的质量。此外,现在常用的分析方法以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为主[9],但HPLC难以分离极性相近的组分,且仪器分析时间长、灵敏度低,难以满足日渐提高的中药质量控制要求。超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)技术具有高灵敏度、高精密度和多反应监测(MRM)定量分析等优点,可以同时精准测定多种化学成分的含量,因而该技术在多组分复杂体系的中药研究中被广泛应用[10-11]。本实验基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS技术,优化建立同时测定金钱草中黄酮类、有机酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共44种指标成分含量的方法,考察不同干燥方法对金钱草中多元指标成分的影响,并结合聚类分析(HCA)、灰色关联度分析(GRA)和逼近理想解排序方法(TOPSIS)法对不同干燥的金钱草样品进行综合评价,旨在为金钱草适宜产地干燥加工方法的优选提供基础资料,同时为金钱草药材内在质量的综合评价和全面控制提供新的方法参考。
SIL-20A XR 超快速液相色谱仪,包括LC-20AD二元输液泵、STL-20A XR自动进样器和CTO-20AC柱温箱(日本岛津公司);AB QTRAP 5500 三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱仪,配有电喷雾离子源和Analyst 1.6.2软件(美国AB SCIEX公司);Q-500B高速多功能粉碎机(上海冰都电器有限公司);BSA224S型电子分析天平(感量1/1万,德国赛多利斯公司);ME36S型电子分析天平(感量1/100万,德国赛多利斯公司);TYPE WEZ-10智能化静态微波真空干燥机(贵阳新奇微波工业有限责任公司);DHG-9140A型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司);FD-1A-135真空冷冻干燥机(北京博医康实验仪器有限公司);Thermo HFU486 Basic超低温冰箱(美国Thermo公司);湘仪H1650-W高速离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司);KQ-500B超声波清洗机(功率500 W,频率40 kHz,昆山超声仪器有限公司);Milli-Q超纯水制备仪(美国Millipore公司)。
对照品:咖啡酸(caffeic acid,批号110885-201703)、金丝桃苷(hyperin,批号111521-201406)、阿魏酸(coniferic acid,批号110773-201012)、尿嘧啶(uracil,批号 100469-200401)均购于中国食品药品检定研究院;没食子酸(gallic acid,批号DSTDM000802)、丁香酸(syringic acid,批号DSTDL005701)、三叶豆苷(kaempferol 3-O-galactoside,批号DST200912-235)、异夏佛塔苷(isoschaftoside,批号DST211201-019)、夏佛塔苷(schaftoside,批号DST210603-006)、紫云英苷(astragalin,批号DSTDZ000101)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside,批号DST200619-075)、阿福豆苷(afzelin,批号DST190102-029)、原花青素B1(procyanidin B1,批号DSTDY0051)、原花青素B2(procyanidin B2,批号DSTDY0050)均购于成都德斯特生物技术有限公司;芦丁(rutin,批号0080-9705)购于中国生物制品检定所;槲皮苷(quercitrin,批号111538-200302)、槲皮素(quercetin,批号100081-200406)、山柰酚(kaempferol,批号 110861-201310)、表儿茶素(epicatechin,批号110878-200102)购于中国药品生物制品检定所;原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,批号H21J9Z64031)、绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,批号Y22M8K36544)、隐绿原酸(cryptochlorogenic acid,批号P30A9L69104)、新绿原酸(neochlorogenic acid,批号Y25S9H66035)、组氨酸(histidine,批号O60M821V)、赖氨酸(lysine,批号S16A6G2)、丝氨酸(serine,批号SM0503GC13)、苏氨酸(theronine,批号S01F4G1)、丙氨酸(alanine,批号520A6G17672)、天冬氨酸(aspartic acid,批号BCBG3906V)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid,批号S27M6G1)、脯氨酸(proline,批号S30J6G1)、缬氨酸(valine,批号081M00551V)、酪氨酸(tyrosine,批号SM0503GE13)、亮氨酸(leucine,批号SLBB9163V)、异亮氨酸(isoleucine,批号SM0503GD13)、苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,批号J04J7R8481)、胞苷(cytidine,批号MM0316YA12)、尿苷(uridine,批号TM0313XA13)、胸苷(thymidine,批号DN1122WB13)、2'-脱氧鸟苷(2'-deoxyguanosine, 批号N07A7W12580)、肌苷(inosine,批号TJ0623XA13)购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司;柚皮素(naringenin,批号lw18032311)购自南京良纬生物科技有限公司;异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin,批号102824)购于江苏永健医药科技有限公司;山柰素(kaempferide,批号C1814164)购于上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,以上标准品纯度均大于98%。试剂为HPLC级甲醇(批号M813807,纯度≥99.9%)、甲酸(批号F809712,纯度≥99%)均购于美国MERCK公司;超纯水(美国Milli-Q DIRECT 8型超纯水仪)。
金钱草样品于2022年6月实地采集于四川省南充市南部县大桥镇(北纬31°21'36.00″,东经105°46'48.00″),趁鲜货运至南京中医药大学,并经南京中医药大学刘训红教授鉴定为报春花科植物过路黄Lysimachia christinae Hance的全草。
将新鲜的金钱草样品平均分成21份,用不同干燥方法进行加工处理。①晒干:取新鲜金钱草,放置于太阳直射的试验台上自然晾干,环境室温(25±1)℃,湿度(45±5)%,编号S1;②阴干:取新鲜金钱草样品,放置于不能被太阳照射的试验台上自然晾干,环境室温(25±1)℃,湿度(45±5)%,编号S2;③不同温度烘干:取新鲜金钱草样品,电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中进行热风干燥,鼓风功率1 600 W,温度分别设置为45、60、75 ℃,编号分别为S3、S4、S5。④冷冻干燥:取新鲜金钱草样品先置于-80 ℃冰箱中预冻6 h,然后取出将其迅速置于真空冷冻干燥机中进行真空冷冻干燥,编号为S6;⑤微波干燥:取新鲜金钱草样品放置于微波真空干燥机中进行干燥,编号为S7。每种干燥方法平行3份样品,留样凭证保存于南京中医药大学中药鉴定实验室。
色谱柱为Waters XBridge® C18(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm),流动相为甲醇(A)和0.4%甲酸水(B),梯度洗脱:0~8 min(5%~6% A),8~10 min(6%~7% A),10~14 min(7%~35% A),14~15 min(35%~40% A),15~18 min(40%~45% A),18~20 min(45%~48% A),20~23 min(48%~64% A),23~25 min(64%A),25~26 min(64%~5%A),26~27 min(5%A);柱温30 ℃;流速0.8 mL·min-1;进样量2 μL。
采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正负离子切换模式扫描,温度为550 ℃;多反应监测模式检测(MRM);离子源电压正离子模式下为4 500 V,负离子模式下为-4 500 V;气帘气(CUR)、雾化气(GS1)和辅助气(GS2)的流速分别为275.8 kPa、379.225 kPa和379.225 kPa;数据采集时间27 min。MRM色谱图见图1,优化得到的44种成分的质谱参数和保留时间(tR)见表1
精密称取赖氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、尿苷、胞苷、缬氨酸、尿嘧啶、酪氨酸、没食子酸、异亮氨酸、肌苷、亮氨酸、2'-脱氧鸟苷、胸苷、原儿茶酸、苯丙氨酸、新绿原酸、原花青素B2、原花青素B1、绿原酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素、山柰素、丁香酸、隐绿原酸、夏佛塔苷、阿魏酸、异夏佛塔苷、金丝桃苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、三叶豆苷、槲皮苷、紫云英苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、阿福豆苷、槲皮素、柚皮素和山柰酚对照品适量置5 mL量瓶中,加入体积分数80%甲醇溶解,分别配制成1.008、1.000、1.180、1.180、1.160、0.960、1.100、1.046、1.064、0.962、1.010、1.010、1.000、0.970、1.070、1.104、1.012、1.016、1.014、1.034、1.164、0.960、1.096、1.075、0.984、1.052、1.034、1.255、1.195、0.662、0.940、1.030、0.975、0.936、1.020、1.094、1.180、1.032、1.004、0.992、0.866、1.032、1.195和0.921 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液,用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,置于4 ℃冰箱中保存备用。取5 mL量瓶,先加入2 mL的80%甲醇,再依次精密吸取对照品储备液适量,最后定容,摇匀,并逐级稀释,得到一系列不同浓度的对照品溶液,供分析用。
取不同干燥方法处理后的金钱草样品,用粉碎机粉碎,过60目筛。精密称取样品粉末0.5 g置具塞锥形瓶中,用移液管加入5 mL的80%甲醇,称量,室温下放入超声波清洗机(功率500 W,频率40 kHz)中提取60 min,放冷。再一次称量,用80%甲醇补足重量,摇匀后过滤,滤液以12 000 r·min-1的转速离心10 min,取上清液以0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得。
精密吸取“2.3.1”项下一系列浓度的对照品溶液2 μL,按“2.2”项下色谱、质谱条件测定峰面积。以峰面积(Y)为纵坐标,对照品的质量浓度(ng·mL-1)为横坐标(X)绘制标准曲线,得到回归方程及其相关系数(r)。分别以信噪比(S/N)3和10时各对照品的质量浓度作为检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ),结果见表2。结果显示,44种目标成分在一定质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 0,LOD为0.07~10.17 ng·mL-1,LOQ为0.25~33.91 ng·mL-1
精密吸取同一混合对照品溶液2 μL,在1 d内连续6次进样分析,记为日内精密度(intra-day precision);每天进样3针,连续3 d进样分析,记为日间精密度(inter-day precision),计算峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,说明仪器精密度良好;取同一干燥方法加工的金钱草样品6份,每份0.5 g,分别按“2.3.2”项方法制备供试品溶液,连续进样分析,计算得44种成分峰面积的RSD为1.5%~4.9%,表明该方法重复性良好;取同一干燥方法加工的金钱草样品溶液,分别于0、2、4、8、12和24 h时进样分析,计算得44种成分峰面积的RSD为1.1%~4.9%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内均具有较好的稳定性,结果见表3
精密称取0.25 g同一干燥方法加工的金钱草样品12份,其中3份为空白组,另外9份分别加入低(80%)、中(100%)、高(120%)3个水平的对照品,每个水平3份,按2.3.2项方法制备,计算各成分的平均回收率和RSD。结果显示44种成分的平均回收率为98.06%~101.9%,RSD为0.62%~4.6%,表明该方法的准确度良好,结果见表3
取供试品溶液2 μL注入液相色谱-质谱联用仪,按“2.2”项下色谱、质谱条件测定,根据相应的线性方程分别计算样品中44种成分的含量,含量结果见表4,不同干燥方法处理的样品中4类目标成分含量的柱状堆积图见图2。从图2可以看出,对于有机酸、氨基酸和核苷类成分,不同干燥方法对其含量造成的影响不大;此外,晒干、阴干以及冷冻干燥较好地保留了黄酮类成分,不同温度烘干以及微波干燥对黄酮成分的破坏较大,因此测得的含量较少。
根据样品中44种成分的含量测定结果,采用SPSS 22.0软件中系统聚类里的最远邻元素法,以44种成分的含量为聚类因子进行聚类分析[12]。当聚类距离大于10时,7批样品聚为2类。其中,S3、S4、S5、S6和S7聚为第1类,S1和S2单独聚为第2类,可见经过不同干燥方法处理,样品中44个成分含量发生了不同的变化。
基于44种成分的含量测定结果,建立金钱草质量灰色模式识别数据集,由于其量纲不统一,需要对原始数据进行规格化处理[13]。设有n个样品,每个样品有m项评价指标,组成评价单元序列{Xik},(i=1,2,3……n;k=1,2,3……m; 本实验中n=7,m=44),本实验按公式1对原始数据进行规格化处理,式中Yik为规格化处理后的数据,Xik为原始数据,Xkn个样品第k个指标的均值。
Yik=$\frac{{X}_{ik}}{{X}_{k}}$
采用灰色关联度进行评价时,需要考虑最优参考序列与最差参考序列。最优参考序列为{Xsk} ( k=1,2,3……m),是n个样品对应指标的最大值,关联系数${\xi }_{k\left(s\right)}^{i}$计算见公式2,公式中Δmin=min | Yik-Ysk|,Δmax=max | Yik-Ysk|;
${\xi }_{k\left(s\right)}^{i}$=$\frac{{\Delta }_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}+\rho {\Delta }_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}{\left|{Y}_{ik}-{Y}_{sk}\right|+\rho {\Delta }_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}$
最差参考序列为{Xtk} ( k=1,2,3……m),是n个样品对应指标的最小值,关联系数${\xi }_{k\left(t\right)}^{i}$计算见公式3,公式中Δ'min =min | Yik-Ytk|,Δ'max=max | Yik-Ytk|。
${\xi }_{k\left(t\right)}^{i}$=$\frac{\Delta {\text{'}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}+\rho \Delta {\text{'}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}{\left|{Y}_{ik}-{Y}_{tk}\right|+\rho \Delta {\text{'}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}$
2个公式中的ρ为分辨系数,目的在于削弱最大绝对差数值太大引起的失真,从而提高关联系数之间的差异显著性,通常取值0.5。
各评价单元相对于最优(差)参考序列的关联度。
最优参考序列,关联度计算见公式4;
ri(s)=$\frac{1}{m}\stackrel{m}{\sum _{k=1}}{\xi }_{k\left(s\right)}^{i}$
同理,最差参考序列,关联度计算见公式5。
ri(t)=$\frac{1}{m}\stackrel{m}{\sum _{k=1}}{\xi }_{k\left(t\right)}^{i}$
最后,按公式6计算各个样品的相关关联度ri,并且按ri的大小进行排序,ri与评价单元优劣呈正相关,结果见表5
ri=$\frac{{r}_{i\left(s\right)}}{{r}_{i\left(s\right)}+{r}_{i\left(t\right)}}$
设有n个评价对象,m个评价指标(n=1,2,3……i;m=1,2,3……j; 本实验中n=7,m=44),将其检测数据构成矩阵X,由于样品中各测量成分含量不一,需要按公式7将矩阵X进行归一化处理[14]
Zij=$\frac{{X}_{ij}}{\sqrt{{{X}_{ij}}^{2}}}$
根据归一化矩阵结果选出最优方案和最劣方案,最优方案$\left({Z}_{j}^{+}\right)$m个评价指标对应样品的最大值;最劣方案$\left({Z}_{j}^{-}\right)$m个评价指标对应样品的最小值。见公式8~9。
${Z}_{j}^{+}$=(Zmax1Zmax2Zmaxm)
${Z}_{j}^{-}$=(Zmin1Zmin2Zminm)
按公式10~11计算各评价对象与最优方案和最劣方案之间的距离。
${D}_{i}^{+}$=$\sqrt{({Z}_{j}^{+}-{Z}_{ij}{)}^{2}}$
${D}_{i}^{-}$=$\sqrt{({Z}_{j}^{-}-{Z}_{ij}{)}^{2}}$
按公式12计算各评价对象与最优方案的相对接近程度(Ci),0<Ci<1。按Ci大小将各评价对象排序,Ci值越大,说明评价对象综合质量越好,结果见表5
Ci=${D}_{i}^{-}$/(${D}_{i}^{+}$+${D}_{i}^{-}$)
晒干处理的金钱草样品4类目标成分的总量最高;其中,氨基酸类和核苷类成分的含量随干燥方法的变化差异并不显著;对于有机酸类和黄酮类成分,晒干、冷冻干燥以及阴干处理后的含量相比其他加工方法高(表2,图2)。不同干燥方法处理的金钱草样品中各成分含量存在差异,但难以直观评价,因此同时使用GRA和TOPSIS法对44种多元指标成分含量进行综合评价。GRA结果表明,晒干的样品综合质量排序靠前,综合质量较好,与2020版药典中规定的加工方法一致;冷冻干燥和阴干的金钱草样品综合质量仅次于晒干。TOPSIS分析结果显示阴干的样品质量较好,其次为晒干和冷冻干燥的样品,这3个干燥方法的样品质量相差不大。同时,2种分析方法都可以得出不同温度烘干和微波干燥处理的样品质量排序都比较靠后,指标成分含量可能均因为高温的干燥方法受到了影响,有效成分没有能很好地保留。综合2种分析结果,晒干作为成本低的一种干燥方法,能确保药材内在质量,可以在产地大范围地使用。
实验对提取溶剂(体积分数60%、70%、80%、90%、100%甲醇;体积分数60%、70%、80%、90%、100%乙醇)、提取时间(15、30、45、60、75、90 min)以及料液比[1∶10、1∶20、1∶30、1∶40、1∶50 (g·mL-1)]进行单因素考察。结果表明,体积分数80%甲醇溶液、1∶10料液比、60 min超声提取效率最佳。由于1∶10的料液比没有更小的比例做对比,因此又重新配制了1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶14 (g·mL-1)这5种料液比,用体积分数80%甲醇超声提取60 min,结果显示1∶10的料液比提取效率更高,因此选择在室温下用体积分数80%甲醇、1∶10的料液比,超声60 min作为优化的提取条件。
化合物的分离度和响应强度都受色谱柱和流动相的影响。因此,实验考察了Waters XBridge® C18(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm)、ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm)和Thermo AcclaimTM RSLC 120 C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.2 μm)3个色谱柱对44个目标成分的分离效果。结果显示,前者检测灵敏度高,分离效果较好。此外,实验分别考察了甲醇-0.1%甲酸水、甲醇-0.4%甲酸水、甲醇-水、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水和乙腈-水5种流动相在梯度洗脱下对样品中各峰分离度的影响,发现44个目标成分在甲醇-0.4%甲酸水溶液为流动相时分离度最好且具有对称的峰型。最终优化得到的色谱条件如“2.2.1”所示。
取44种化合物合适浓度的标准品溶液,在MS Only模式下,将单标溶液注入质谱,调整质谱条件获得各化合物的母离子信息。将母离子进行碰撞诱导,之后寻找合适的特征子离子,再通过优化碰撞能、去簇电压等条件,得到各化合物的特征碎片离子及相应的质谱条件,44种化合物的质谱条件见表1
实验前期将44种化合物的标准溶液注入离子源中,采集全扫描模式下正离子、负离子信号。结果显示,氨基酸类、核苷类、阿魏酸、三叶豆苷和山柰素在正离子模式下有更好的响应;其余化合物在负离子模式下响应值更高。最终,在正离子、负离子模式及MRM模式下对44种成分的混合标准溶液进行扫描。
利用HCA、GRA和TOPSIS对7种不同干燥方法的金钱草样品进行综合评价分析,发现在确保药品质量的同时,实现节能降耗、降低生产成本,晒干法为金钱草最佳加工方式。然而晒干这种传统方式存在加工时间长,受外界环境影响大等缺点,药典中记载金钱草最佳采收期在夏秋两季,其主要产区四川在此期间正值雨季,可能无法满足晒干所需条件。如遇此情况,阴干和冷冻干燥也可以确保药材的质量,在一定条件下可以替代晒干方法。但是冷冻干燥要在真空以及低温的条件下进行,需要特定的设备和受过专业培训的人员,因此成本较高[15]。综上,当无法满足晒干处理时,再考虑到加工成本,可采用阴干法替代。除此以外,GRA和TOPSIS这2种分析方法都得出不同温度烘干和微波干燥处理的样品质量排名靠后,可能因为其中的黄酮类化合物含有大量酚羟基,外界温度越高,黄酮类物质越易被氧化、分解,从而导致含量减少[16],不同温度烘干和微波干燥这些方法使金钱草药材长时间处于高温条件下,在一定程度上破坏药材有效成分,影响药材质量,但不同干燥方法所得金钱草中具体成分变化情况还需要进一步地研究。
本实验建立了UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS技术同时测定金钱草中黄酮类、有机酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共44种指标成分含量的方法,并结合HCA、GRA和TOPSIS法对不同干燥金钱草药材进行分析和综合评价。本实验所建立的方法可用于金钱草药材内在质量的综合评价,可为金钱草产地加工适宜干燥方法的优选提供基础资料。
  • 江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目资助(PPZY2015A070)
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2024年第59卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-01-04
  • 首发时间:2026-04-08
  • 出版时间:2024-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-04
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江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目资助(PPZY2015A070)
作者信息
    1 南京中医药大学药学院, 南京 210023
    2 江苏省经典名方工程研究中心, 南京 210023

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*邹立思,男,实验师 研究方向:中药栽培与鉴定研究 Tel: (025)85811524;
刘训红,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药鉴定与品质评价研究 Tel: (025)85811511
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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