Article(id=1218297482681959277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)14-1312-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.14.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768394354744, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1721577600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768394354744, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768394354744, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394354744, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218297478793843630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='14', pageStart='1273', pageEnd='1358', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768394353817, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394585064, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1312, endPage=1319, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218297482921034607, articleId=1218297482681959277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Viaminate Alleviates Hyperkeratosis of Ear Acne Epidermis in Rats by Activating RBP4/RARγ Pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which Viaminate treats hyperkeratosis of ear acne epidermis in rats. METHODS Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group, and viaminate-treated group. The formation of ear acne was induced by combining Propionibacterium acnes with a sebum smear. After successful modeling, viaminate was administered orally every 12 h for 30 d. Acne tissues were collected from the rats after the treatment, and immunohistochemical, Masson, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to assess histopathology. Transcriptomic sequencing and molecular docking were conducted to analyze the target of viaminate. The effect of viaminate on the selected protein was confirmed using western blotting. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was silenced in HaCat cells to verify the targeting relationship between viaminate and RBP4. RESULTS After 30 days of treatment with viaminate, significant improvements were observed in the symptoms of rat ear swelling, epidermal thickening, and inflammation. Additionally, the expression of the keratinization-related proteins, vimentin and keratin 6 (KRT6), was inhibited. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that viaminate had a notable regulatory effect on the keratinization pathway. Molecular docking results suggested that RBP4 may be a critical target of viaminate. Western blotting results demonstrated that viaminate could upregulate the expression of RBP4/retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) protein in rats with acne. In addition, viaminate significantly inhibits abnormal proliferation and the expression of vimentin and KRT6 in HaCat cells induced by P. acnes. It also downregulates the phosphorylation of Akt. However, after transfection with RBP4 siRNA, the regulatory effects of viaminate on the aforementioned phenomena are significantly reversed. CONCLUSION Viaminate improves acne by reducing excessive keratinization in rat epidermis via activation of RBP4/RARγ and downregulation of Akt phosphorylation. It also inhibits the proliferation and keratinization of human epidermal keratinocytes induced by P. acnes in vitro.

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目的 探究维胺酯治疗大鼠耳部痤疮表皮过度角化的具体机制。方法 将30只雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组和维胺酯治疗组。利用痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes, P.acnes)联合皮脂涂抹方法诱导大鼠耳部痤疮形成,建模成功后,通过灌胃给药,每12 h 1次,持续30 d。给药结束后,取大鼠痤疮组织,免疫组化,苏木精-伊红染色法检测组织病理,转录组测序分析结合分子对接预测维胺酯作用靶标,最后通过免疫印迹验证维胺酯对角化蛋白的影响。随后通过培养人角质形成细胞HaCat,考察维胺酯对热灭活后的P.acnes诱导HaCat细胞增殖及角化水平的影响,并通过沉默视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)验证维胺酯与RBP4的靶向关系。结果 维胺酯治疗30 d后,可显著改善大鼠耳部红肿、表皮增厚、炎症反应等症状,并抑制角化相关蛋白波形蛋白(vimentin)和角蛋白(keratin 6,KRT6)表达。转录组分析结果显示,维胺酯对细胞角化生物途径具有显著调控作用。分子对接结果显示RBP4可能是维胺酯发挥作用的关键靶点。免疫印迹结果证实维胺酯能够上调痤疮大鼠RBP4/视黄酸受体-γ(retinoic acid receptor γ,RARγ)蛋白表达。细胞层面,维胺酯可显著抑制P.acnes诱导后HaCat细胞的异常增殖及角化蛋白vimentin和KRT6的表达,并下调丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,也被称为Akt)蛋白磷酸化;而在转染RBP4 siRNA后,维胺酯对上述现象的调控作用均被显著逆转。结论 维胺酯通过激活RBP4/RARγ从而下调Akt蛋白磷酸化来抑制大鼠耳部表皮的过度角化来改善痤疮,并抑制由P.acnes诱导的人表皮角质形成细胞增殖及角化。

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谢晶,女,本科,主治医师 研究方向:皮肤病临床及转化研究 Tel:(0574)87559632

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谢晶,女,本科,主治医师 研究方向:皮肤病临床及转化研究 Tel:(0574)87559632

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谢晶,女,本科,主治医师 研究方向:皮肤病临床及转化研究 Tel:(0574)87559632

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DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0248-9., articleTitle=Genetics and functions of the retinoic acid pathway, with special emphasis on the eye, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491448053858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=269, issue=32, pageStart=20629, pageEnd=20635, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=FISHER G J, TALWAR H S, XIAO J H, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FISHER G J, TALWAR H S, XIAO J H, et al. Immunological identification and functional quantitation of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor proteins in human skin[J]. J Biol Chem, 1994, 269(32): 20629-20635., articleTitle=Immunological identification and functional quantitation of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor proteins in human skin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491540328548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=10, pageStart=1736, pageEnd=1741, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=THOREAU E, ARLABOSSE J M, BOUIX-PETER C, journalName=Bioorg Med Chem Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THOREAU E, ARLABOSSE J M, BOUIX-PETER C, et al. Structure-based design of Trifarotene (CD5789), a potent and selective RARγ agonist for the treatment of acne[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2018, 28(10): 1736-1741., articleTitle=Structure-based design of Trifarotene (CD5789), a potent and selective RARγ agonist for the treatment of acne, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491640991848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=9, pageStart=838, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LUO W, XU Y, LIU R, journalName=Cell Death Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO W, XU Y, LIU R, et al. Retinoic acid and RARγ maintain satellite cell quiescence through regulation of translation initiation[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(9): 838. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05284-9., articleTitle=Retinoic acid and RARγ maintain satellite cell quiescence through regulation of translation initiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491737460845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=5, pageStart=1219, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=TENG Y, FAN Y, MA J, journalName=Cells, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TENG Y, FAN Y, MA J, et al. The PI3K/Akt Pathway: Emerging roles in skin homeostasis and a group of non-malignant skin disorders[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(5): 1219. DOI: 10.3390/cells10051219., articleTitle=The PI3K/Akt Pathway: Emerging roles in skin homeostasis and a group of non-malignant skin disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491808764015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=457, pageEnd=470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHU Q S, ROSENBLATT K, HUANG K L, journalName=Oncogene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Q S, ROSENBLATT K, HUANG K L, et al. Vimentin is a novel AKT1 target mediating motility and invasion[J]. Oncogene, 2011, 30(4): 457-470., articleTitle=Vimentin is a novel AKT1 target mediating motility and invasion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297491892650098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=331, issue=null, pageStart=41, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=SLUSSER-NORE A, GARRETT S H, ZHOU X D, journalName=Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SLUSSER-NORE A, GARRETT S H, ZHOU X D, et al. The expression of keratin 6 is regulated by the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in arsenite transformed human urothelial cells[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2017, 331: 41-53., articleTitle=The expression of keratin 6 is regulated by the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in arsenite transformed human urothelial cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218297488918888495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, awardId=2022PY022, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022PY022), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218297484607144847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297484615533456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, companyId=1218297484607144847, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Dermatology, Haishu District People's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo 315010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297484619727761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, companyId=1218297484607144847, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 宁波市海曙区人民医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1218297484686836628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297484695225237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, companyId=1218297484686836628, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Dermatology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297484703613846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, companyId=1218297484686836628, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 宁波市第一医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218297487677375481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of viaminate on progression of ear acne induced by Propionibacterium acnes in rats

A-appearance of rat left ear; B-HE staining(scale bar=200 μm)

, figureFileSmall=hdAqk6NP0S3NXIOES8aZNg==, figureFileBig=mucH2CheRB9vx2abYgeJmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487782232065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图1, caption=维胺酯对大鼠耳部痤疮模型外观和皮肤病理影响

A-大鼠左耳外观;B-苏木精和伊红染色(标尺=200 μm)

, figureFileSmall=hdAqk6NP0S3NXIOES8aZNg==, figureFileBig=mucH2CheRB9vx2abYgeJmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488000335885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of viaminate treatment on the expression and distribution of keratinization related proteins KRT6 and vimentin. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-immunohistochemical results, and IPP6.0 was used to quantify the positive intensity; B-results of Western blot, and the optical density values of protein bands were quantified by IPP6.0; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group;2)P<0.05, compared with model group.

, figureFileSmall=JBRC8spjNcS6oKAnvzKTbQ==, figureFileBig=gxIPaQBBySD7H2Vr6109wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488088416271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图2, caption=维胺酯处理后对角化相关蛋白KRT6和vimentin表达及分布影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-免疫组化结果,IPP6.0定量阳性强度;B-Western blot结果和IPP6.0定量蛋白条带的光密度值;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=JBRC8spjNcS6oKAnvzKTbQ==, figureFileBig=gxIPaQBBySD7H2Vr6109wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488189079574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Transcriptome analysis of key regulatory genes and pathways of viaminate in the treatment of acne rats. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-analysis results of KEGG enrichment in control and model groups; B-the results of KEGG enrichment in the treatment group and model group; C-possible targets of viaminate screening by Venn diagram; D-transcriptome analysis of RXRG, RARG, RBP4, and RARB gene expression levels.

, figureFileSmall=Tq2ApkntU+wPL3i2rljFBg==, figureFileBig=7Y/VyUMt6n0xCkDPF/QHSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488277159961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图3, caption=转录组分析维胺酯对痤疮大鼠治疗的关键调控基因及途径。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-对照组和模型组KEGG富集分析结果;B-治疗组和模型组KEGG富集结果;C-维胺酯筛选的可能靶点;D-RXRG, RARG, RBP4RARB基因表达水平的转录组分析。

, figureFileSmall=Tq2ApkntU+wPL3i2rljFBg==, figureFileBig=7Y/VyUMt6n0xCkDPF/QHSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488356851739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of viaminate on the expression of RBP4/RARγ proteins in acne rats. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-3D structure simulation docking results of viaminate and RBP4 protein; B-E-western blot was used to detect the expression level of RBP4/RARγ and Akt protein. 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with model group, the difference is statistically significant.

, figureFileSmall=MLhsX/5teGFjRulfgd8RhA==, figureFileBig=BcNpsFOfY4FJFwkydowTRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488453320734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图4, caption=维胺酯对痤疮大鼠RBP4/RARγ蛋白表达的影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-维胺酯与RBP4蛋白的三维结构模拟对接结果;B~E-Western blot检测RBP4/RARγ以及Akt蛋白表达水平;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=MLhsX/5teGFjRulfgd8RhA==, figureFileBig=BcNpsFOfY4FJFwkydowTRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488553984034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of interfering RBP4 on viaminate treatment of HKP-induced abnormal proliferation of HaCat cells。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-C-MTT assay was used to detect the effect of different doses of heat-inactivated P. acnes, viaminate, and combined treatment on the viability of HaCat cells. D-qRT-PCR was used to detect the interference efficiency of the RBP4 gene in HaCat cells transfected with RBP4 siRNA; E-The interference efficiency of RBP4 protein in HaCat cells transfected with RBP4 siRNA was verified by Western blot. F-MTT assay of the effect of RBP4 siRNA on changes in cell viability levels; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with 400 μg·mL-1 HKP group; 3)P<0.05, compared with viaminate group.

, figureFileSmall=Sq/tshDtTM7pr4ZZQ8LgOw==, figureFileBig=jzSHMLhfG/iNKzlnkP3w/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488654647333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图5, caption=干扰视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol-binding protein 4,RBP4)对维胺酯治疗热灭活的痤疮丙酸杆菌(heat-killed P. acnes,HKP)诱导的HaCat细胞异常增殖的影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A~C-MTT法检测不同剂量热灭活P. acnes、维胺酯及联合处理对HaCat细胞活力的影响;D-实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测RBP4 siRNA转染HaCat细胞后对RBP4基因的干扰效率;E-Western blot验证RBP4 siRNA对HaCat细胞RBP4蛋白的干扰效率;F-MTT法检测RBP4 siRNA对细胞活力水平的影响;与对照组相比,1)P<0.05;与400 μg·mL-1 HKP组比较,2)P<0.05; 与Via组相比,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Sq/tshDtTM7pr4ZZQ8LgOw==, figureFileBig=jzSHMLhfG/iNKzlnkP3w/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488755310633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Viaminate regulates the expression of keratinizing proteins in HaCat cells induced by HKP through RBP4/RARγ/Akt pathway。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-the expressions of RBP4/RARγ protein and phosphorylated Akt protein were detected by western blot, and the expressions of Akt downstream keratosis-related proteins Vimentin and KRT6 were detected; B-F-quantitative statistics of optical density values of protein bands detected by western blot; 1)P<0.05, compared with the control group; 2)P<0.05, compared with 400 μg·mL-1 HKP group; 3)P<0.05, compared with viaminate group.

, figureFileSmall=q8/+Pz9yjPbhOkgBYCYYUg==, figureFileBig=gH5O73LBpzFItl00kNeGyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488830808107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482681959277, language=CN, label=图6, caption=维胺酯通过RBP4/RARγ/Akt途径调控HKP诱导的HaCat细胞角化相关蛋白的表达。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-采用Western blot检测RBP4/RARγ蛋白和磷酸化Akt蛋白表达,并检测Akt下游角化相关蛋白波形蛋白和角蛋白(keratin 6,KRT6)的表达;B~F-Western blot检测结果的统计;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与400 μg·mL-1 HKP组比较,2)P<0.05;与维胺酯(viaminate)组比较,3)P<0.05。

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维胺酯通过激活RBP4/RARγ途径缓解大鼠耳部痤疮表皮过度角化
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谢晶 1 , 陆凌怡 2
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(14): 1312-1319
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(14): 1312-1319
维胺酯通过激活RBP4/RARγ途径缓解大鼠耳部痤疮表皮过度角化
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谢晶1, 陆凌怡2
作者信息
  • 1 宁波市海曙区人民医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315010
  • 2 宁波市第一医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315000
  • 谢晶,女,本科,主治医师 研究方向:皮肤病临床及转化研究 Tel:(0574)87559632

Viaminate Alleviates Hyperkeratosis of Ear Acne Epidermis in Rats by Activating RBP4/RARγ Pathway
Jing XIE1, Lingyi LU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Dermatology, Haishu District People's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo 315010, China
  • 2 Department of Dermatology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
出版时间: 2024-07-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.007
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目的 探究维胺酯治疗大鼠耳部痤疮表皮过度角化的具体机制。方法 将30只雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组和维胺酯治疗组。利用痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes, P.acnes)联合皮脂涂抹方法诱导大鼠耳部痤疮形成,建模成功后,通过灌胃给药,每12 h 1次,持续30 d。给药结束后,取大鼠痤疮组织,免疫组化,苏木精-伊红染色法检测组织病理,转录组测序分析结合分子对接预测维胺酯作用靶标,最后通过免疫印迹验证维胺酯对角化蛋白的影响。随后通过培养人角质形成细胞HaCat,考察维胺酯对热灭活后的P.acnes诱导HaCat细胞增殖及角化水平的影响,并通过沉默视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)验证维胺酯与RBP4的靶向关系。结果 维胺酯治疗30 d后,可显著改善大鼠耳部红肿、表皮增厚、炎症反应等症状,并抑制角化相关蛋白波形蛋白(vimentin)和角蛋白(keratin 6,KRT6)表达。转录组分析结果显示,维胺酯对细胞角化生物途径具有显著调控作用。分子对接结果显示RBP4可能是维胺酯发挥作用的关键靶点。免疫印迹结果证实维胺酯能够上调痤疮大鼠RBP4/视黄酸受体-γ(retinoic acid receptor γ,RARγ)蛋白表达。细胞层面,维胺酯可显著抑制P.acnes诱导后HaCat细胞的异常增殖及角化蛋白vimentin和KRT6的表达,并下调丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,也被称为Akt)蛋白磷酸化;而在转染RBP4 siRNA后,维胺酯对上述现象的调控作用均被显著逆转。结论 维胺酯通过激活RBP4/RARγ从而下调Akt蛋白磷酸化来抑制大鼠耳部表皮的过度角化来改善痤疮,并抑制由P.acnes诱导的人表皮角质形成细胞增殖及角化。

维胺酯  /  痤疮  /  角化过度  /  视黄醇结合蛋白  /  视黄酸受体-γ

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which Viaminate treats hyperkeratosis of ear acne epidermis in rats. METHODS Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group, and viaminate-treated group. The formation of ear acne was induced by combining Propionibacterium acnes with a sebum smear. After successful modeling, viaminate was administered orally every 12 h for 30 d. Acne tissues were collected from the rats after the treatment, and immunohistochemical, Masson, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to assess histopathology. Transcriptomic sequencing and molecular docking were conducted to analyze the target of viaminate. The effect of viaminate on the selected protein was confirmed using western blotting. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was silenced in HaCat cells to verify the targeting relationship between viaminate and RBP4. RESULTS After 30 days of treatment with viaminate, significant improvements were observed in the symptoms of rat ear swelling, epidermal thickening, and inflammation. Additionally, the expression of the keratinization-related proteins, vimentin and keratin 6 (KRT6), was inhibited. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that viaminate had a notable regulatory effect on the keratinization pathway. Molecular docking results suggested that RBP4 may be a critical target of viaminate. Western blotting results demonstrated that viaminate could upregulate the expression of RBP4/retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) protein in rats with acne. In addition, viaminate significantly inhibits abnormal proliferation and the expression of vimentin and KRT6 in HaCat cells induced by P. acnes. It also downregulates the phosphorylation of Akt. However, after transfection with RBP4 siRNA, the regulatory effects of viaminate on the aforementioned phenomena are significantly reversed. CONCLUSION Viaminate improves acne by reducing excessive keratinization in rat epidermis via activation of RBP4/RARγ and downregulation of Akt phosphorylation. It also inhibits the proliferation and keratinization of human epidermal keratinocytes induced by P. acnes in vitro.

viaminate  /  acne  /  hyperkeratosis  /  RBP4  /  RARγ
谢晶, 陆凌怡. 维胺酯通过激活RBP4/RARγ途径缓解大鼠耳部痤疮表皮过度角化. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (14) : 1312 -1319 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.007
Jing XIE, Lingyi LU. Viaminate Alleviates Hyperkeratosis of Ear Acne Epidermis in Rats by Activating RBP4/RARγ Pathway[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (14) : 1312 -1319 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.007
痤疮是一种常见的慢性皮肤病,通常发生在青春期,但也可见于成人。目前治疗寻常性痤疮的方法有药物治疗、光学治疗、物理治疗等,其中药物治疗是临床上最主要手段。根据痤疮症状进行针对性用药可缓解症状,但大多数药物仍会出现明显的毒副作用,因此,无法长期使用[1]。维生素A衍生物如维A酸是轻至中度寻常痤疮患者治疗和维持治疗的首选药物[1]。这些药物抑制角质形成细胞增殖,从而减少毛囊阻塞并防止微粉刺的形成。维胺酯是我国自行研制开发的维A酸类药物,具有增强角质形成细胞自身修复的能力[2]。其优先促进正常角质形成细胞的分化,并抑制发育异常的角质形成细胞的增殖与分化,使角化异常恢复正常,并具有使角质脱落的功能[2-3]。最新的研究证明,维胺酯可通过Toll样受体2(toll like receptor 2,TLR2)途径抑制痤疮大鼠耳部过度角化、炎症及油脂过度分泌等症状[4]。维胺酯用于临床治疗痤疮较为成熟,但关于其主要调控机制尚不明确。因此,深入研究维胺酯的作用机制对于开发痤疮治疗药物以及联合用药具有重要指导意义。本研究通过建立痤疮大鼠模型,验证维胺酯对痤疮的治疗效果,并通过转录组分析维胺酯的主要治疗靶点以及潜在的作用机制。
痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes, P. acnes,ATCC11827)(广州微生物菌种保藏中心),疱肉培养基(杭州Basebio生物技术有限公司);油酸(批号:O815202)、甘油三酯(批号:G810435)、荷荷巴油(批号:J885960)和角鲨烯(批号:S817864)(上海Maclin试剂公司);兔抗大鼠视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4,批号:A8807)、磷酸化S473点位丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B)(批号:AP0637)、Akt(批号:A17909)、波形蛋白(vimentin)(批号:A19607)、角蛋白(keratin 6,KRT6)(批号:A4631)、视黄酸受体-γ(retinoic acid receptor γ,RARγ,批号:A23233)及β-actin(批号:AC038)(武汉ABclonal公司)。羊抗兔IgG-辣根过氧化物酶二抗(批号:HA1001)(杭州华安生物技术有限公司)。化学发光液(批号:sb-wb012,上海圣尔生物科技有限公司)。维胺酯(批号:V964212,纯度:98%,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。噻唑蓝[上海碧云天生物技术有限公司];30只体质量(250±20)g的雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠[上海杰思捷实验动物有限公司,生产许可SCXK(沪)2023-0004,使用许可证:20180004026773],质量合格证号:370726220101308624。
P. acnes在37 ℃下以厌氧条件在疱肉培养基中进行培养。取对数期细菌培养物(λ 600=1.0)在4 ℃下以5 000×g离心15 min。去除培养上清液后,用磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)重悬,调整浓度为4.0×106菌落形成单位(colony forming units,CFU)·μL-1
参照Stacey等的方法进行大鼠痤疮模型构建[5]。将30只SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只。分组如下:第1组对照组;第2组模型组;第3组治疗组。1组在大鼠左耳廓皮下连续4 d注射20 μL PBS;2~3组:在大鼠左耳廓皮下连续4 d注射20 μL P. acnes(溶解于PBS中,8.0×107 CFU每只)诱导痤疮模型。以第2组为模型组。第3组为治疗组:大鼠在诱导痤疮模型后(即第5天),参考文献的有效剂量[4],每天给予大鼠5 mg·kg-1维胺酯灌胃,持续治疗30 d。2~3组大鼠左耳从第1天开始每天用人工混合皮脂(17%油酸、45%甘油三酯、25%荷荷巴油和13%角鲨烯直接搅拌混匀,以上均为体积分数)进行涂抹(每只100 μL),加速诱导痤疮形成,持续34 d。对照组大鼠每天灌胃1 mL生理盐水进行干预处理。第34天后使用CO2窒息法将大鼠安乐死。动物伦理经宁波市海曙区人民医院批准(批准号:20230529)。
大鼠左耳组织固定后进行石蜡包埋,制成石蜡切片。切片脱蜡后进行HE染色检测组织病理情况。结果通过光学显微镜进行观察拍照。
组织切片脱蜡后在121 ℃下,置于0.01 mol·L-1枸橼酸缓冲液中进行抗原修复20 min。质量分数为1%牛血清白蛋白封闭处理20 min。分别加入兔抗大鼠抗体(KRT6和vimentin)。切片在4 ℃下孵育16 h。羊抗兔IgG-辣根过氧化物酶二抗室温孵育1 h。DAB进行显色,苏木精对细胞核进行染色。光学显微镜对结果进行拍摄,并通过Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对3个不同视野下阳性棕色显色光密度值进行量化。
取对照组、模型组及治疗组的大鼠左耳组织,通过Trizol法提取总核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid,RNA)后,进行转录组测序分析。转录组由NovaSeq X plus (Illumina)高通量测序平台检测,并由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行测序结果分析。
对差异表达基因进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。从Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)获取维胺酯的3D结构文件。从Similarity ensemble approach(SEA,https://sea.bkslab.org/)小分子靶标预测网站获取维胺酯预测靶标。对3组差异表达基因及维胺酯调控靶标进行韦恩图制作,筛选关键靶标。PDB(https://www.rcsb.org/)获得RBP4的3D结构模型文件(PDB ID:3FMZ),通过AutoDockTools-1.5.6软件对维胺酯和RBP4的潜在结合能进行计算,并确定结合位点。再利用Pymol V.2.3软件对该分子与蛋白的结合模型进行可视化呈现。
取各组100 mg大鼠耳组织或5×106个细胞,加入放射免疫沉淀法裂解液进行组织匀浆,细胞则加入裂解液后在冰上裂解10~15 min。蛋白裂解物在100 ℃下变性12 min,将变性后的蛋白通过聚丙烯酰胺(SDS PAGE)凝胶电泳分离。分离的蛋白电转至PVDF膜上。质量分数5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h。按1:1 000浓度分别加入一抗(p-Akt、Akt、vimentin、KRT6、RBP4、RARγ及β-actin),4 ℃孵育过夜。漂洗3次后,加入羊抗兔IgG-辣根过氧化物酶二抗,稀释比1:2 000,室温孵育2 h,加入发光液,采用ChemiDoc-It Imaging System进行成像。以β-actin作为内参蛋白进行归一化处理。
P. acnes (4.0×106 CFU·μL-1)在80 ℃下孵育30 min以制备热灭活P. acnes(heat-killed P. acnes,HKP)。HKP冷冻干燥并储存在4 ℃。人角质形成细胞系HaCaT(浙江如耀生物科技有限公司)在含有10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素-链霉素和1% l-谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养基中(皆为质量分数),于37 ℃含5% CO2恒温培养箱中培养。HaCaT细胞(每孔8 000细胞)接种在96孔板中。使用0,50,100,200,400,800 μg·mL-1 HKP或0,62.5,125,250,500,1 000,2 000,4 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯共同处理48 h后,通过MTT法测定检测HaCaT细胞增殖活性。另外,将400 μg·mL-1 HKP分别同250,500,1 000 nmol·L-1 维胺酯进行联合处理,进行噻唑兰检测,观察维胺酯对HKP诱导的HaCaT增殖的影响。MTT具体方法可参照Wang等[6]的研究。
采用阳离子脂质体复合物法(X-tremeGENE siRNA转染试剂,Roche)将上述RBP4 siRNA或siRNA阴性对照寡核苷酸(20 nmol·L-1)分别瞬时转染到HaCat细胞中(转染前细胞汇合度60%~80%)。48 h后,收集部分细胞用于实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)和免疫印迹检测转染效率。RBP4 siRNA序列如下:RBP4 siRNA-1:5'-UAC UUC AUC UUG AAC UUG GCA-3',5'-CCA AGU UCA AGA UGA AGU ACU-3';RBP4 siRNA-2:5'-UAU UGC UAC AAA AGG UUU CUU-3',5'-GAA ACC UUU UGU AGC AAU AUC-3';RBP4 siRNA-3:5'-UUG AUA UUG CUA CAA AAG GUU-3',5'-CCU UUU GUA GCA AUA UCA AGA-3'。
将细胞分成4组:第1组,对照组;第2组,400 μg·mL-1 HKP组:HaCat细胞同400 μg·mL-1 HKP共孵育48 h;第3组,Via组:HaCat细胞给予400 μg·mL-1 HKP及1 000 mol·L-1维胺酯处理48 h;第4组,Via+si-NC组: HaCat细胞转染siRNA阴性对照后,给予400 μg·mL-1 HKP及1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯处理48 h;第5组,Via+si-RBP4组:HaCat细胞转染RBP4 siRNA后,给予400 μg·mL-1 HKP及1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯处理48 h;48 h后,通过MTT及免疫印迹等技术对细胞活性及角化水平进行检测。
所有实验均进行3次重复实验,结果以平均值±标准差表示。所有结果均使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计学分析,并制作柱状图。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间差异采用LSD-t检验。两组间比较使用T检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过对大鼠耳部外观进行观察,模型组大鼠耳部出现大面积肿胀,局部溃疡状态。而治疗组大鼠耳部仅局部出现肿胀和溃疡存在(图1A)。HE染色结果提示(图1B),模型组耳部增厚,并有炎性细胞浸润,表皮层增厚。治疗组左耳组织稍增厚,存在炎性细胞浸润及溃疡部位,但表皮层增厚不明显。
通过免疫组化对角化相关蛋白KRT6和vimentin进行检测,量化结果显示(图2A),模型组中KRT6和vimentin蛋白表达显著上调,同对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(LSD-t=9.60、6.26,P<0.05);治疗组KRT6和vimentin表达水平显著低于模型组(LSD-t=6.80、5.84,P<0.05)。免疫印迹检测结果显示(图2B),模型组中KRT6和vimentin蛋白表达显著上调,同对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(LSD-t=8.64、9.84,P<0.05);治疗组KRT6和vimentin蛋白表达水平显著低于模型组(LSD-t=5.98、8.13,P<0.05)。
转录组测序后对差异表达基因进行分析可见,在对照组和模型组中,细胞角化及角化包膜的形成相关途径均被显著调控(图3A)。而对模型组和治疗组进行分析,细胞角化及角化包膜的形成相关途径也受到显著调控(图3B)。再对维胺酯的靶标与3组中显著差异表达基因进行交集筛选,结果提示有4个基因[视黄醇X受体γ(retinoid X receptor gamma,RXRG)、RARGRBP4及维甲酸受体β(retinoic acid receptor beta,RXRB)]是在3组中显著调控并且预测为维胺酯潜在靶标(图3C)。进一步通过转录组数据对筛选到的4个基因表达水平进行分析,结果提示RBP4RARG基因表达水平在大鼠中是较高的,并且同对照组相比,模型组中表达下调,而治疗组能够显著逆转基因表达水平。
图4A为维胺酯小分子结构与RBP4蛋白进行3D模拟对接,结果提示维胺酯与RBP4蛋白TYR-133、TRY-90、HIS-104及ARG-121等氨基酸位点具有潜在作用力,整体结合能为-8.3 kcal·mol-1。进一步通过免疫印迹验证发现(图4B~E),模型组中RBP4和RARγ蛋白表达水平均受到显著抑制(同对照组相比,LSD-t=7.20、9.12,P<0.05);而治疗组显著上调RBP4和RARγ蛋白表达水平(同模型组相比,LSD-t=6.91、8.05,P<0.05),同时下调Akt磷酸化蛋白表达水平(同模型组相比,LSD-t=9.32,P<0.05)。
MTT检测结果表明(图5A、B),200~800 μg·mL-1热灭活的P.acnes可显著促进HaCat细胞增殖活性(LSD-t=1.26、3.02、5.28、6.44,P<0.05,同0 μg·mL-1 HKP组相比);当维胺酯浓度大于2 000 nmol·L-1时,表现出对正常HaCat细胞活性抑制作用(LSD-t=3.40、6.89,P<0.05,同0 nmol·L-1维胺酯组相比);在500和1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯处理下(图5C),400 μg·mL-1对HaCat细胞的活性上调作用均被显著抑制(LSD-t=0.13、0.41,P<0.05,同400 μg·mL-1 HKP组相比)。同对照组相比,HaCat细胞转染RBP4 siRNA后,RBP4基因(LSD-t=8.86,P<0.05,图5D)及蛋白(LSD-t=9.05,P<0.05,图5E)表达水平均受到显著抑制。干扰RBP4基因表达后,1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯对HKP诱导的细胞增殖抑制作用被显著逆转,维胺酯+si-RBP4组同维胺酯组相比,差异具有统计学意义(LSD-t=1.87,P<0.05,图5F)。
通过免疫印迹实验证明(图6A~F),400 μg·mL-1HKP可显著抑制RBP4/RARγ蛋白的表达(与对照组相比,LSD-t=9.69、7.18,P<0.05),同时上调Akt磷酸化蛋白及角化相关蛋白vimentin/KRT6的表达(同对照组相比,LSD-t=11.60、17.92、21.32,P<0.05);1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯的干预治疗可显著上调RBP4/RARγ蛋白的表达(同400 μg·mL-1 HKP组相比,LSD-t=18.17、13.10,P<0.05),同时下调Akt磷酸化及vimentin/KRT6蛋白的表达(同400 μg·mL-1 HKP组相比,LSD-t=7.38、13.18、17.27,P<0.05);对HaCat细胞转染RBP4 siRNA,1 000 nmol·L-1维胺酯对RBP4/RARγ蛋白的上调作用及对Akt磷酸化蛋白和vimentin/KRT6蛋白的抑制作用均被显著逆转(维胺酯+si-RBP4组同维胺酯组相比,LSD-t=22.21、4.23、4.74、3.69、10.45,P<0.05)。
为了研究维胺酯对痤疮大鼠的具体治疗机制,使用P. acnes诱导与人类痤疮病变相似的痤疮大鼠模型,在第3天便可观察到大鼠耳朵出现肿胀、发红等症状[5]。而在维胺酯治疗30 d后,通过病理观察,维胺酯能够显著缓解痤疮大鼠耳朵的炎性症状,同时减少皮肤表层角化蛋白KRT1[7]和KRT10[8]的表达。研究表明,维胺酯可通过TLR2途径抑制大鼠表皮异常增殖、过度角化等作用[4]。因此,本研究结合痤疮模型大鼠转录组数据对维胺酯的具体调控机制做深入研究。
通过KEGG对差异表达基因主要调控的通路进行富集分析,结果提示细胞角化调控具有密切关系。维胺酯主要是通过抑制细胞角化及表皮异常增生实现痤疮的抑制作用。通过对差异表达基因进行分析,并结合维胺酯的预测靶点,本研究确定RBP4RARγ为主要调控的关键基因。蛋白RBP4是脂质运载蛋白家族的成员,也是疏水分子视黄醇(也称为维生素A)的主要转运蛋白。1968年,Kanai等[9]首次将RBP4描述为一种人血浆蛋白。因此,RBP4在血液中的大量存在以及具有对维生素A的特殊结合作用,为维A酸衍生物维胺酯的结合并发挥功能影响创造条件。在Soyuduru等[10]的临床研究中已证实,经异维A酸治疗的痤疮患者可诱导高水平RBP4。
维胺酯是视黄酸受体(retinoic acid receptor,RARs)和类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)的配体。RAR和RXR的每个家族都有三种亚型(α,β,γ)和多种亚型[11]。这些受体在被选择性类视黄醇激活后形成RXR-RAR异二聚体。该二聚体能够与特定的DNA序列(视黄酸反应元件)结合,进而调控基因表达[12]。通过RARs介导的视黄酸途径已被证实具有抗角质细胞分化,减少角质蛋白形成的作用[13]。值得关注的是,视黄醇与RBP4特异性结合,进入细胞质后在醇脱氢酶或视黄醛脱氢酶催化下变为视黄醛,随后再转化为视黄酸,从而激活RXR-RAR异二聚体形成并促进基因转录[14]。而在表皮中RARγ含量在几个亚型中最高[15],目前更是已有药物直接选择激活RARγ实现痤疮的治疗[16]
本研究通过转录组和免疫印迹实验证实了维胺酯具有显著RBP4/RARγ蛋白上调作用。据此,本研究推测维胺酯也能与RBP4结合,进一步激活RARγ,从而实现痤疮的疾病治疗效果。此外,小分子模拟对接实验初步判断维胺酯在RBP4蛋白的功能结构域内具有结合作用。但具体的作用机制还需进一步验证。另外,RARγ蛋白活化后将抑制Akt蛋白的磷酸化激活[17],这对于控制痤疮疾病中表皮角质形成细胞的异常增殖具有重要意义[18],并且Akt蛋白的磷酸化可促进细胞角化相关蛋白vimentin以及KRT6蛋白的表达[19-20]。而在本研究中发现,痤疮大鼠左耳组织以及灭活的痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的Akt磷酸化及vimentin/KRT6蛋白的上调作用在维胺酯治疗后受到显著抑制,并且这一现象在干扰RBP4基因及蛋白表达后受到显著抑制。这证实维胺酯可通过RBP4途径调控P. acnes诱导的表皮角质形成细胞的异常增殖及角化现象。
综上所述,本研究通过痤疮丙酸杆菌大鼠以及HKP处理的HaCat细胞证实了维胺酯对痤疮的治疗效果,并抑制表皮角化蛋白的表达。从机制层面,维胺酯可通过视黄酸代谢途径RARγ及RBP4生成途径限制Akt蛋白的磷酸化,从而发挥抗角质化作用。本研究的开展为维胺酯的作用机制提供实验基础,通过逐步明确分子作用靶点,对于包括但不限于痤疮的皮肤疾病治疗及联合用药具有重要参考依据。
  • 浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022PY022)
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2024年第59卷第14期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.007
  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-07-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06
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浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022PY022)
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    1 宁波市海曙区人民医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315010
    2 宁波市第一医院皮肤科, 浙江 宁波 315000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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