Article(id=1218297482002486233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)14-1278-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.14.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768394354582, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1721577600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768394354582, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768394354582, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394354582, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218297478793843630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='14', pageStart='1273', pageEnd='1358', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768394353817, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394585064, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1278, endPage=1282, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218297482262533098, articleId=1218297482002486233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Research and Development on the New Drugs of Kidney Disease and Considerations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE To discuss the characteristics of research and development on the new drugs of renal disease and technical considerations envolved. METHODS By investigating the advance of the regulatory agencies home and abroad and the related literature,the nephrotic drugs of the last decade in the market and in research were summerized domestically and overseas,the characteristics of research and key technical points were analyzed and relevant suggestions were put forward. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS Ten new drugs have been approved by China,European Union and United States since 2013. The applications of the new drugs on this field has continued to increase in the recent 5 years, mainly on the chronic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy. To better promote the drug innovation development in this field, the following aspects should be paid attention to: The first is to further strengthen the basic scientific research about the pathogenesis of diseases, and screen the potential new drugs with new target and mechanism, so that make it possible to delay and even reverse the progression of the disease. The second is to better evaluate the patients beneifts by developing scientific and rational clinical outcome assessment tools with the basis of the patients' needs. The third is to choose the representative population by the combination of epidemiology, natural history, the feature of drugs and the aim of clinical trials since the pathology of renal diseases is complicated. The fourth, early management of renal disease is crucial. So it's of great significance to explore, develop and validate the surrogate endpoints since the disease progresses slowly and the investigation often requires both long study cycle of several years or even longer and a larger sample size. The surrogate indicators should be selected prudently. The sponsors are suggested to communicate with the regulatory agency when necessary. The fifth, a sufficent safety study can be very supportive to the general evaluation of benefit-risk balance.
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目的 探讨肾脏疾病药物创新研发特点、进展及关键技术考虑。方法 调研国内外药品监管机构监管进展及相关文献,梳理近10年国内外肾脏疾病药物上市及在研药物情况,分析研发特点及关键技术难点,并提出建议。结果与结论 2013年至今,中国及欧美批准肾脏疾病新药10个,近5年该领域新药临床试验申报量持续增长,尤以慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)肾病适应证申报居多。为更好地促进该领域药物创新研发,需关注以下方面:①进一步加强疾病发病机制等基础研究工作,助力筛选并开发新机制、新靶点,具有特异性治疗作用的新药,以期有效延缓乃至逆转疾病进展;②建议以患者需求为出发点,开发科学合理的临床结局评估工具,更好地评价患者获益;③肾脏疾病病因复杂,可考虑结合疾病流行病学及自然病史特征、药物特点及研究目的,选择具有代表性的患者人群;④肾脏疾病早期控制至关重要,但该病进展缓慢,临床终点的考察往往需要长达几年或更长的研发周期和较大的样本量,因此,探索、开发并验证替代指标具有较大的临床意义,但需审慎选择,必要时与监管机构沟通;⑤充分的安全性研究是获益-风险综合权衡的重要支持。
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* 谢松梅,女,博士,主任药师 研究方向:新药技术审评 Tel:(010)80995756
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唐崇淇,女,硕士,助理研究员 研究方向:新药技术审评
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23(1):36-42., articleTitle=Advances in research on endogenous biomarkers of kidney injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218297488709177620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/1c8ad3c8d608518c28eba71c896e0fcc, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA. Guidelines for clinical trials technical of drugs that delay the progression of chronic kidney disease[EB/OL]. (2023-09-28) [2024-03-04]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/1c8ad3c8d608518c28eba71c896e0fcc., articleTitle=Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA. Guidelines for clinical trials technical of drugs that delay the progression of chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218297483378217010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297483386605620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, companyId=1218297483378217010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218297483390799925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, companyId=1218297483378217010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心, 北京 100076)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218297487018873036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t+s2RbEc4bPeOOu/wBnUcA==, figureFileBig=SbQ4TMYcgTVjOKxyJg8UMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487090176210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
近10年肾脏疾病药物相关Ⅲ期临床试验数量 来源: http://clinicaltrials.gov/。
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近5年国内批准上市的肾脏疾病药物数量 来源:国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心 https://www.cde.org.cn。
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国内近5年批准肾脏疾病药物临床试验数量 来源:药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台 http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn。
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肾脏疾病药物在国内申报临床试验适应证分布情况 来源:药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台 http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn。
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| 适应证 | 药品名称 | 作用机制 | 研发企业 | 批准上市国家和组织 |
| 慢性肾脏病(CKD,不合并糖尿病) | 恩格列净 | 钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂 | 勃林格殷格翰 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 达格列净 | SGLT-2抑制剂 | 阿斯利康 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| CKD合并糖尿病 | 卡格列净 | SGLT-2抑制剂 | 强生 | 美国、欧盟 |
| 非奈利酮 | 盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂 | 拜耳 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 免疫球蛋白A(IgA)肾病 | 布地奈德缓释胶囊 | 糖皮质激素 | Calliditas Therapeutics AB | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| Sparsentan | 内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂 | Travere Therapeutics | 美国、欧盟 |
| 狼疮肾炎 | 贝利尤单抗 | B细胞刺激因子抑制剂 | 葛兰素史克 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 伏环孢素 | 钙调磷酸酶抑制剂 | Aurinia | 美国、欧盟 |
| 吗替麦考酚酯 | 肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂 | 罗氏 | 中国 |
| 中性粒细胞胞浆自身抗体相关血管炎 | Avacopan | C5aR抑制剂 | ChemoCentryx | 美国、欧盟 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218297487870316788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297482002486233, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
欧美及中国近10年获批上市肾脏疾病治疗药物总览
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| 适应证 | 药品名称 | 作用机制 | 研发企业 | 批准上市国家和组织 |
| 慢性肾脏病(CKD,不合并糖尿病) | 恩格列净 | 钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂 | 勃林格殷格翰 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 达格列净 | SGLT-2抑制剂 | 阿斯利康 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| CKD合并糖尿病 | 卡格列净 | SGLT-2抑制剂 | 强生 | 美国、欧盟 |
| 非奈利酮 | 盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂 | 拜耳 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 免疫球蛋白A(IgA)肾病 | 布地奈德缓释胶囊 | 糖皮质激素 | Calliditas Therapeutics AB | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| Sparsentan | 内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂 | Travere Therapeutics | 美国、欧盟 |
| 狼疮肾炎 | 贝利尤单抗 | B细胞刺激因子抑制剂 | 葛兰素史克 | 美国、欧盟、中国 |
| 伏环孢素 | 钙调磷酸酶抑制剂 | Aurinia | 美国、欧盟 |
| 吗替麦考酚酯 | 肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂 | 罗氏 | 中国 |
| 中性粒细胞胞浆自身抗体相关血管炎 | Avacopan | C5aR抑制剂 | ChemoCentryx | 美国、欧盟 |
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