Article(id=1218297480320570306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)14-1320-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.14.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676217600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768394354181, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1721577600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768394354181, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768394354181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394354181, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218297478793843630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='14', pageStart='1273', pageEnd='1358', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768394353817, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394585064, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298448764387534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218297478793843630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1320, endPage=1330, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218297481813742545, articleId=1218297480320570306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Effect of Drug-Polymer Interaction on Drug Particle Size in Crystalline Solid Dispersion, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare crystallinesolid dispersion(CSD)with ketoconazole (KET) and sorafenib (SOR) as model drugs and poloxamer188 (P188) as carrie, improve the dissolution rate of drug by reducing the drug particle size in vitro and discuss the mechanism of intermolecular interaction on drug particle size regulation. METHODS The drug-P188-CSD was prepared by rotary evaporation method. The intermolecular interaction and crystallization kinetics of drug-P188 in CSD were studied by solubility parameter method (SP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscope (POM). Then the crystal domain size of drug in CSD preparation was measured by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Finally, the solubilization effect of CSD preparation on insoluble drugs was evaluated by dissolution in vitro. RESULTS SP and DSC results showed that in CSD, the two model drugs interacted with P188, and the interaction between SOR and P188 was more significant. The results of POM and PXRD showed that the interaction of drug-P188 would inhibit the crystallization of P188 and reduce the drug particle size by comprehensively regulating the nucleation rate and growth rate of the drug crystal. At the same time, the stronger the interaction force, the stronger the inhibition effect on P188, and the greater the reduction of drug particle size in CSD. The results of dissolution in vitro showed that CSD preparation can effectively improve the dissolution of the drug. The smaller the particle size, the greater the percentage cumulative dissolution rate. CONCLUSION The stronger the interaction between drug and P188 in CSD, the greater the reduction in drug particle size, and the more significant the solubilization effect.

, correspAuthors=Chunhui HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yong ZHANG, Qiuli YAN, Wenchuan YANG, Haiying YAN, Chunhui HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218297483281748013, articleId=1218297480320570306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=分子间相互作用对结晶固体分散体药物粒径及其溶出行为的影响, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以酮康唑(ketoconazole,KET)和索拉非尼(sorafenib,SOR)为模型药物,泊洛沙姆188(P188)为载体制备结晶固体分散体(crystalline solid dispersion,CSD),探讨分子间相互作用力对药物粒径的调控机制,最终达到通过减小药物粒径提高溶出速率的目的。方法 旋转蒸发法制备药物-P188-CSD,采用溶解度参数法(SP)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对CSD中药物-P188的分子间相互作用以及结晶动力学进行研究,然后采用粉末X射线衍射法(PXRD)对CSD制剂中药物晶畴尺寸进行测量,最后使用体外溶出评价CSD制剂对难溶性药物的增溶效果。结果 SP以及DSC结果显示CSD中,两种模型药物与P188存在相互作用,并且SOR与P188的相互作用更为显著;POM与PXRD结果显示,药物-P188相互作用会抑制P188的结晶,并通过对药物晶体的成核速率和生长速率进行综合的调控,从而达到减小药物粒径的目的。同时,相互作用力越强,对P188的抑制效果越强,CSD中药物粒径减小程度越大;体外溶出结果显示,CSD制剂可以有效地提高药物的溶出度,且粒径越小,百分累计溶出率越大。结论 CSD制剂中药物-P188相互作用越强,药物粒径减小程度越大,增溶效果越显著。

, correspAuthors=胡春晖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 胡春晖,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:物理药剂学 Tel:(0971)5312252
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章勇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:物理药剂学

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章勇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:物理药剂学

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A-polarized micrograph of pure P188 and P188 in KET-P188-CSD with different drug loading; B-crystal growth rate of P188 in KET-P188-CSD with different drug loading; C-polarized micrograph of P188 in SOR-P188-CSD with different drug loading; D-crystal growth rate of P188 in SOR-P188-CSD with different drug loading; E-crystal growth rate of P188 in drug-P188-CSD with different drug loading;K-KET; S-SOR; P-P188;1)P<0.05, compared with pure P188; 2)P<0.05, compare two adjacent groups; 3)P<0.05; compare with KET-P188-CS.

, figureFileSmall=NpcHSb5fBLykkg654GR7DQ==, figureFileBig=+LZazguEBYoIXIQ5BvVYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487597687013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CSD中P188的结晶动力学

A-纯P188和不同载药率的KET-P188-CSD中P188的偏光图;B-纯P188和不同载药率的KET-P188-CSD中P188的晶体生长速率;C-不同载药率的SOR-P188-CSD中P188的偏光图;D-不同载药率的SOR-P188-CSD中P188晶体生长速率;E-P188在不同载药率的药物-P188-CSD中的晶体生长速率;K-酮康唑;S- 索拉非尼;P-泊洛沙姆188;与纯P188相比,1)P<0.05;相邻两组比较,2)P<0.05;与KET-P188-CSD比较,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=NpcHSb5fBLykkg654GR7DQ==, figureFileBig=+LZazguEBYoIXIQ5BvVYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487652212968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Polarized micrograph of drug in CSD with 50% drug loading, figureFileSmall=clS21iKyR+hA3J0JW6/byA==, figureFileBig=LCAoPYwuPbdjwVJBu//NhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487719321835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图3, caption=50%载药率CSD中药物的偏光图, figureFileSmall=clS21iKyR+hA3J0JW6/byA==, figureFileBig=LCAoPYwuPbdjwVJBu//NhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487790625007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The PXRD of durg-P188-CSD at different time, figureFileSmall=fGaPHq6cp42yjIvF4XNVbQ==, figureFileBig=kJft8Z/i9DFiJLx9GvYdpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487870316787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同时间下药物-P188-CSD样品的粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)图, figureFileSmall=fGaPHq6cp42yjIvF4XNVbQ==, figureFileBig=kJft8Z/i9DFiJLx9GvYdpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297487987757302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PXRD profiles of KET, SOR, P188, durg-P188-PM and durg-P188-CSD

A-PXRD profiles of P188,KET,50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD; B-Peak broadening effect in PXRD profiles of KET in 50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD comparedto KET; C-PXRD profiles of P188,SOR,50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD; D-Peak broadening effect in PXRD profiles of SOR in 50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD compared to raw KET.

, figureFileSmall=WLJ1fBr0ywSIFQ9JoiJ97g==, figureFileBig=rqL401psLGe9sWUdyZeuSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488071643385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图5, caption=KET、SOR、P188、药物-P188-PM及药物-P188-CSD样品的PXRD图

A-P188、KET、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD的PXRD图; B-与纯KET相比,50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD中KET的峰展宽效应图; C-P188、SOR、50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD的PXRD图; D-与纯SOR相比,50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD中SOR的峰展宽效应图。

, figureFileSmall=WLJ1fBr0ywSIFQ9JoiJ97g==, figureFileBig=rqL401psLGe9sWUdyZeuSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488130363644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Intrinsic dissolution of KET, SOR, durg-P188-PM and durg-P188-CSD. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-Intrinsic dissolution profiles of KET, 50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD; B-Intrinsic dissolution rate of KET, 50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD; C-Intrinsic dissolution profiles of SOR, 50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD; D-Intrinsic dissolution rate of SOR, 50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD.1)P<0.05, compared with pure drug;2)P<0.05, compared with drug-P188-PM.

, figureFileSmall=pvS/hAvGCnlfYXbrjCagHA==, figureFileBig=l7Ly5FYyKQkygWpmUrI0Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488193278207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图6, caption=KET、SOR、药物-P188-PM及药物-P188-CSD的本征溶出。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-KET、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD的本征溶出图;B-KET、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD的本征溶出速率;C-SOR、50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD的本征溶出图;D-SOR、50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD的本征溶出速率.与纯药相比,1)P<0.05;与药物-P188-PM相比,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=pvS/hAvGCnlfYXbrjCagHA==, figureFileBig=l7Ly5FYyKQkygWpmUrI0Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488281358595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Powder dissolution of KET, SOR, drug-P188-PM and drug-P188-CSD. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-powder dissolution profiles of KET, 50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD; B-powder dissolution rate of KET, 50%-KET-PM and 50%-KET-CSD; C-powder dissolution profiles of SOR, 50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD; D-powder dissolution rate of SOR, 50%-SOR-PM and 50%-SOR-CSD; 1)P<0.05, compared with pure drug; 2)P<0.05, compared with drug-P188-PM.

, figureFileSmall=TMUNZYZ5ygEnA0KJxP8RRw==, figureFileBig=kUqZTjnCvOVA5Gb4TndV2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488356856071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=图7, caption=KET,SOR药物-P188-PM及药物-P188-CSD不同样品的粉末溶出。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-KET、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD的粉末溶出图;B-KET、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD的粉末溶出速率;C-SOR、50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD的粉末溶出图;D-SOR、50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD的粉末溶解速率;与纯药相比,1)P<0.05; 与药物-P188-PM相比,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=TMUNZYZ5ygEnA0KJxP8RRw==, figureFileBig=kUqZTjnCvOVA5Gb4TndV2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218297488453325066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The solubility parameters of KET, SOR and P188

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples δd/MPa1/2 δp/MPa1/2 δh/MPa1/2 δtotal/MPa1/2 Δδ/MPa1/2
KET 25.09 6.62 0.55 25.96 5.17
SOR 23.59 5.87 0.52 24.31 3.52
P188 20.78 0.76 0.09 20.79 -
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488562376974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

KET、SOR与P188的溶解度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples δd/MPa1/2 δp/MPa1/2 δh/MPa1/2 δtotal/MPa1/2 Δδ/MPa1/2
KET 25.09 6.62 0.55 25.96 5.17
SOR 23.59 5.87 0.52 24.31 3.52
P188 20.78 0.76 0.09 20.79 -
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488654651666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Melting temperature of drug in crystalline solid dispersion(CSD) at different heating speeds. ℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Sweep speed
1.0 ℃·min-1 2.0 ℃·min-1 5.0 ℃·min-1
T c , o n s e t ( K E T ) 139.40 140.10 142.67
T c , o n s e t ( S O R ) 171.50 172.30 173.60
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488734343445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同升温速度下结晶固体分散体(CSD)中药物的熔融温度。℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Sweep speed
1.0 ℃·min-1 2.0 ℃·min-1 5.0 ℃·min-1
T c , o n s e t ( K E T ) 139.40 140.10 142.67
T c , o n s e t ( S O R ) 171.50 172.30 173.60
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488801452312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The data of equilibrium melting temperature, effective activity and interaction parameters of drug in CSD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug-polymer Tm/℃ α1 χ
KET-P188 138.45 0.660 9 -0.757 4
SOR-P188 171.12 0.377 5 -3.013 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488868561180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CSD中药物的平衡熔融温度、有效活度及相互作用参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug-polymer Tm/℃ α1 χ
KET-P188 138.45 0.660 9 -0.757 4
SOR-P188 171.12 0.377 5 -3.013 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218297488952447260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The average domain size of drug in PM and CSD with 50% drug loading. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples The average domain size/nm
KET 42.52±1.95
50%-KET-PM 43.05±1.05
50%-KET-CSD 35.02±0.58
SOR 44.81±1.77
50%-SOR-PM 43.96±1.43
50%-SOR-CSD 24.59±0.85
), ArticleFig(id=1218297489032139037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

50%载药率PM及CSD中药物平均晶畴尺寸。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples The average domain size/nm
KET 42.52±1.95
50%-KET-PM 43.05±1.05
50%-KET-CSD 35.02±0.58
SOR 44.81±1.77
50%-SOR-PM 43.96±1.43
50%-SOR-CSD 24.59±0.85
), ArticleFig(id=1218297489103442206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

First-order kinetics simulation of drug release in PMand CSD with 50% drug loading

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples Equation r2
KET Y=59.60(1-e-4.70t) 0.994 8
50%-KET-PM Y=46.12(1-e-1.24t) 0.940 4
50%-KET-CSD Y=60.93(1-e-3.83t) 0.962 6
SOR Y=2.58(1-e-0.68t) 0.967 6
50%-SOR-PM Y=8.33(1-e-0.62t) 0.991 3
50%-SOR-CSD Y=53.57(1-e-2.92t) 0.971 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218297489187328289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218297480320570306, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

50%载药率PM及CSD中药物释放的一阶动力学模拟

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples Equation r2
KET Y=59.60(1-e-4.70t) 0.994 8
50%-KET-PM Y=46.12(1-e-1.24t) 0.940 4
50%-KET-CSD Y=60.93(1-e-3.83t) 0.962 6
SOR Y=2.58(1-e-0.68t) 0.967 6
50%-SOR-PM Y=8.33(1-e-0.62t) 0.991 3
50%-SOR-CSD Y=53.57(1-e-2.92t) 0.971 1
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分子间相互作用对结晶固体分散体药物粒径及其溶出行为的影响
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章勇 1 , 闫秋丽 2 , 杨文川 2 , 严海英 2 , 胡春晖 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(14): 1320-1330
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(14): 1320-1330
分子间相互作用对结晶固体分散体药物粒径及其溶出行为的影响
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章勇1, 闫秋丽2, 杨文川2, 严海英2, 胡春晖1, *
作者信息
  • 1 青海大学 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810001
  • 2 青海大学医学部, 西宁 810001
  • 章勇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:物理药剂学

通讯作者:

* 胡春晖,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:物理药剂学 Tel:(0971)5312252
Effect of Drug-Polymer Interaction on Drug Particle Size in Crystalline Solid Dispersion
Yong ZHANG1, Qiuli YAN2, Wenchuan YANG2, Haiying YAN2, Chunhui HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
  • 2 Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
出版时间: 2024-07-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.008
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目的 以酮康唑(ketoconazole,KET)和索拉非尼(sorafenib,SOR)为模型药物,泊洛沙姆188(P188)为载体制备结晶固体分散体(crystalline solid dispersion,CSD),探讨分子间相互作用力对药物粒径的调控机制,最终达到通过减小药物粒径提高溶出速率的目的。方法 旋转蒸发法制备药物-P188-CSD,采用溶解度参数法(SP)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对CSD中药物-P188的分子间相互作用以及结晶动力学进行研究,然后采用粉末X射线衍射法(PXRD)对CSD制剂中药物晶畴尺寸进行测量,最后使用体外溶出评价CSD制剂对难溶性药物的增溶效果。结果 SP以及DSC结果显示CSD中,两种模型药物与P188存在相互作用,并且SOR与P188的相互作用更为显著;POM与PXRD结果显示,药物-P188相互作用会抑制P188的结晶,并通过对药物晶体的成核速率和生长速率进行综合的调控,从而达到减小药物粒径的目的。同时,相互作用力越强,对P188的抑制效果越强,CSD中药物粒径减小程度越大;体外溶出结果显示,CSD制剂可以有效地提高药物的溶出度,且粒径越小,百分累计溶出率越大。结论 CSD制剂中药物-P188相互作用越强,药物粒径减小程度越大,增溶效果越显著。

分子间相互作用  /  结晶固体分散体  /  药物粒径  /  体外溶出

OBJECTIVE To prepare crystallinesolid dispersion(CSD)with ketoconazole (KET) and sorafenib (SOR) as model drugs and poloxamer188 (P188) as carrie, improve the dissolution rate of drug by reducing the drug particle size in vitro and discuss the mechanism of intermolecular interaction on drug particle size regulation. METHODS The drug-P188-CSD was prepared by rotary evaporation method. The intermolecular interaction and crystallization kinetics of drug-P188 in CSD were studied by solubility parameter method (SP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscope (POM). Then the crystal domain size of drug in CSD preparation was measured by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Finally, the solubilization effect of CSD preparation on insoluble drugs was evaluated by dissolution in vitro. RESULTS SP and DSC results showed that in CSD, the two model drugs interacted with P188, and the interaction between SOR and P188 was more significant. The results of POM and PXRD showed that the interaction of drug-P188 would inhibit the crystallization of P188 and reduce the drug particle size by comprehensively regulating the nucleation rate and growth rate of the drug crystal. At the same time, the stronger the interaction force, the stronger the inhibition effect on P188, and the greater the reduction of drug particle size in CSD. The results of dissolution in vitro showed that CSD preparation can effectively improve the dissolution of the drug. The smaller the particle size, the greater the percentage cumulative dissolution rate. CONCLUSION The stronger the interaction between drug and P188 in CSD, the greater the reduction in drug particle size, and the more significant the solubilization effect.

intermolecular interaction  /  crystalline solid dispersion  /  drug particle size  /  in vitro dissolution
章勇, 闫秋丽, 杨文川, 严海英, 胡春晖. 分子间相互作用对结晶固体分散体药物粒径及其溶出行为的影响. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (14) : 1320 -1330 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.008
Yong ZHANG, Qiuli YAN, Wenchuan YANG, Haiying YAN, Chunhui HU. Effect of Drug-Polymer Interaction on Drug Particle Size in Crystalline Solid Dispersion[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (14) : 1320 -1330 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.008
随着生命科学在过去30年里迅猛发展,结构愈发复杂的药物新靶点被逐渐确认。针对这些药物靶点的新药发现往往依赖于组合化学[1]和高通量筛选[2]。这一过程虽然有助于筛选出最具生物活性的分子,但药物的成药性质常常不能被有效评估和顾及。以上原因造成了药物中有40%难溶于水[3],直接合成的药物中又有高达60%难溶于水,而已上市药物中大约40%的药物是难溶于水的[4]。根据Noyes-Whitney溶出速率方程可知,在不改变药物结构性质的前提下,影响药物溶解速率的因素主要包括固体药物颗粒的有效表面积、药物的溶解度和扩散层厚度。在口服制剂设计中常见的方法包括:制备可溶性盐类[5]、减小晶体颗粒尺寸[6]、制备固体分散体[7]、用亲水性包合材料制成包合物[8],以及利用增溶剂制备胶束或脂质体[9]等。其中减小药物粒径可有效增加难溶性药物的溶出速率[10]和生物利用度[11]
结晶固体分散体(crystalline solid dispersions,CSD)是指通过高分子调控药物的微观结构,从而将微米或者纳米级别的晶体药物均匀分散在高分子材料中,最终达到增加药物溶解度和溶出速率的目的[12]。研究表明,CSD中药物晶粒尺寸减小及高分子材料的润湿性,可显著提高药物的溶出速率和生物利用度[12-14]。同时对于一些结晶趋势较强的药物,如阿苯达唑[14]、非诺贝特[15]和β-拉帕醌[16]等,CSD有着良好的增溶效果。Hu等[14]采用喷雾干燥法制备了阿苯达唑(albendazole,ABZ)与泊洛沙姆188(poloxamer 188,P188)的结晶固体分散体(ABZ-P188-CSD),CSD中ABZ晶体尺寸显著减小,显著提高药物溶解性能,与商业ABZ口服产品(史克肠虫清)相比,通过比较比格犬体内抗寄生虫活性代谢物阿苯达唑亚砜的血药浓度差异,发现CSD制剂的药时曲线下面积(AUC)比史克肠虫清高约4.2倍,有效提高了ABZ的生物利用度。Liu等[16]比较了共晶、无定形固体分散体(amorphous solid dispersion,ASD)、CSD 3种增溶方法对具有极高结晶倾向的难溶性化合物β-拉帕醌的增溶效果,结果显示,在比格犬体内CSD制剂生物利用度的提高最明显。
但是,目前CSD的研究大部分集中于对难溶性药物的增溶以及生物利用度的提升效果评价,而对于CSD中药物的微观结构(如药物粒径)受什么因素影响的研究相对较少且不成系统。根据文献[17-18]报道,药物-高分子间的相互作用可能是影响药物结晶动力学、晶粒尺寸等微观结构的重要因素。因此,本实验拟采用BCS Ⅱ类药物酮康唑(ketoconazole,KET) 和索拉非尼(sorafenib,SOR)为模型药物,三嵌段共聚物P188为高分子载体(图1),研究CSD中药物-高分子相互作用对CSD的结晶动力学、晶粒尺寸等药物微观结构的调控和溶出行为的影响,最终为难溶性药物设计成CSD制剂提供理论依据。
KET(纯度98.0%,批号:65277421)、SOR(纯度98.0%,批号:284461730)、P188(纯度98.0%,批号:9003116,北京偶合科技有限公司);甲醇为色谱纯,水为超纯水,无水乙醇等其余试剂均为分析纯。
X射线衍射仪(*-D-max2500PC型,日本理化学研究所);高效液相色谱仪(Agilent 1260 Series,美国安捷伦科技有限公司);多点加热磁力搅拌器(IKA®RT10型,广州仪科实验室技术有限公司);徕卡偏光显微镜(DM4P型,北京莱博瑞杰科技有限公司);台式匀胶机(KW-4A型,中国科学院微电子研究所)。
采用Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(体积比80:20)为流动相,流速1.00 mL·min-1,检测波长220 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样量20.00 μL。
采用Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲液的水溶液(1.00 mg·mL-1),体积比为80:20,流速1.00 mL·min-1,检测波长260 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样量20.00 μL。
精密称取药物和P188质量比为 5:5的样品粉末,溶于20.00 mL氯仿中,使用旋转蒸发法制备样品。设定条件为旋转速度150 r·min-1;水浴温度为40 ℃,旋蒸时间为20 min,收集CSD样品粗粉,于真空干燥箱中20 ℃下干燥处理48 h,过80目筛,置于干器皿中备用,记作药物-P188-CSD。其中,载药率为50%的KET-P188-CSD以及SOR-P188-CSD依次记作50%-KET-SD和50%-SOR-CSD。
精密称取已过80目筛的药物与P188样品粉末(质量比5:5),过筛充分混匀,即得到二者的物理混合物,记作药物-P188-PM。其中,载药率为50%的KET-P188-PM以及SOR-P188-PM。
KET、SOR与P188的溶解度参数采用基团贡献法(GCM)[3]计算。采用GCM计算部分溶解度参数(公式1~3):
δd= F d V
δ P= F p 2 V
δh= E h V
式中,δd,δp,δh分别代表色散、极性、氢键的溶解度参数,Fd,Fp,Eh分别代表色散力、偶极相互作用、氢键相互作用,V是药物的摩尔体积或高分子材料的重复结构单元体积。
根据公式4比较药物与高分子材料部分溶解度参数的差值Δδp:
Δδp=[(δd,p-δd,d)2+(δp,p-δp,d)2+(δh,p-δh,d)2]1/2
式中δd,pδp,pδh,p分别为高分子材料的δdδpδh,δd,dδp,dδh,d分别为药物的δdδpδhΔδp越小表示药物与高分子材料的部分溶解度参数越接近,相容性越好。
根据Hansen 溶解度参数可知,若两种物质具有相容性,二者之间的总溶解度参数值(δtotal)相近,则二者的差值Δδ<7.0 MPa1/2,其差值越小,二者之间的相容性越好[3]。采用GCM计算样品的相关溶解度参数值,见表1,KET和SOR分别与P188的总溶解度参数差值为5.17和3.57(Δδ<7.0 MPa1/2),表明两种药物与P188均具有相容性。同时与KET相比,SOR的Δδ差值更小,表明SOR与P188的相容性更好。
采用慢速扫描法测定相互作用力参数χ[18],将制备得到的CSD(已真空20 ℃干燥48 h)分别以不同的扫描速度加热至熔融,将熔解热切线和熔融基线相交点视为熔融温度(Tc,onset)。根据公式Van't Hoff 方程(公式5)计算药品在P188中的有效活度(α1),再根据Flory-Huggins方程(公式6)计算出药品与P188的相互作用参数。
ln α 1=(ΔHm0/R)(1/Tm0-1/Tm)
Tm0为药品的初始熔融温度,ΔHm0为药物的熔融焓;Tm为药品在P188中的平衡熔融温度。
ln α 1=ln ϕ 1+(1-1/x) ϕ 2+c ϕ 2 2
f为药品或P188的体积分数,x为P188与药品的摩尔体积比,c为药品与P188之间的相互作用参数。
药物与载体之间的分子间相互作用强弱常用Flory-Huggins 相互作用参数χ值来衡量[19]。对一个药物-高分子两相体系,如果χ>0,则说明药物-高分子之间不存在很强的相互作用;而χ<0,一般说明药物-高分子之间的相互作用力明显大于同组分自身之间的相互作用,并且χ值越小,药物-高分子之间的相互作用力越强。
DSC结果见表2,在载药率为50%的CSD体系中,不同扫描速度得到的药物的熔融温度不同,升温速度越慢,药物的熔融温度越小,可能原因是升温速度越慢,药物熔化越完全。
根据表2中的数据,以扫描速度X(℃·min-1)为横坐标,熔融温度Y(℃)为纵坐标进行线性拟合,KET-P188与SOR-P188拟合曲线分别为Y=0.842 9X+138.45(r2=0.978 9)和Y=0.503 8X+171.12(r2=0.979 3)。将拟合曲线外推到零点,即升温速度为0 ℃·min-1时,分别得50%-KET-CSD和50%-SOR-CSD的平衡熔融温度(Tm)为138.45 ℃和171.12 ℃。与晶体原料药(KET熔点为147.00 ℃,SOR熔点为202.00 ℃)相比,依次下降了8.55和30.88 ℃。根据公式5~6计算得到的相关参数,见表3。KET与SOR在P188中的有效活度(α1)依次为0.660 9和0.377 5;KET和SOR与P188的相互作用参数χ值依次为-0.757 4和-3.013 1。结果显示KET和SOR与P188之间存在相互作用;50%-SOR-CSD与50%-KET-CSD相比,50%-SOR-CSD相互作用力参数χ值更小,因此SOR与P188的相互作用更强。
采用偏振光显微镜(polarizing microscope,POM)观察制备的样品,分别取适量药物、P188和不同载药量的药物-P188-PM粉末溶于氯仿中,利用自旋涂布机快速去除氯仿溶液以模拟晶体生成的环境,转速2 000 r·min-1,甩膜时间为1.0 min。
纯P188晶体结晶快速,20 s晶体铺满偏光可视界面(图2A)。不同载药率的药物-P188-CSD体系中P188晶体生长见图2A、2C,随着药物含量的加大,P188晶体的平均尺寸依次减小,表明在CSD体系中P188的结晶速率被抑制。
为了更加直观地比较CSD体系中不同药物对P188晶体生长的抑制作用,拟合不同药物在不同载药量的CSD中P188晶体的生长速率。以时间X(s)为横坐标,不同载药量的CSD中P188晶体的大小Y(μm)为纵坐标进行线性拟合,结果见图2B。纯P188晶体生长速率为12.50 μm·s-1;在KET-P188-CSD的体系中,不同载药量(1%、3%、5%)的CSD中P188晶体的生长速率随载药量的增大依次减小,即载药率为1%、3%、5%时,P188晶体平均生长速率分别为4.30、3.54和3.01 μm·s-1,依次减小3.68、3.53、4.15倍;同理,在SOR-P188-CSD的体系中,载药率为1%、3%、5%的CSD中P188平均生长速率分别为3.15、2.56和1.05 μm·s-1,依次减小3.97、4.88、11.90倍;在相同载药量的情况下,与KET-P188-CSD相比较,SOR-P188-CSD中P188晶体的生长速率减小的倍数更大,表明SOR对P188的抑制效果更加明显。
统计学分析结果见图2B图2D,所有不同载药率的药物-P188-CSD中P188晶体生长速率与纯的P188晶体的生长速率相比,都具有统计学差异(P<0.05);在KET-P188-CSD中,不同载药率CSD中相邻两组进行比较,载药率为1%与3%的CSD中P188晶体的生长速率存在差异(P<0.05);而载药率为3%与5%的CSD中P188晶体的生长速率不存在统计学差异。同理,在SOR-P188-CSD中,不同载药率CSD 中相邻两组进行比较,载药率为1%与3%的CSD中P188晶体的生长速率存在统计学差异(P<0.05);而载药率为3%与5%中P188晶体的生长速率也存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。相同载药率不同药物-P188-CSD中P188晶体生长速率相比较,都具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
相同载药率不同药物-P188-CSD中P188晶体生长速率相比较,都具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。
综上,药物-P188-CSD中药物的加入会抑制P188晶体的生长速率,且不同药物的抑制效果不一样,可能与药物-P188的相互作用有关。
以50%载药率的CSD体系为例,采用POM对50%-KET-CSD与50%-SOR-CSD的样品进行了观察。
在50%-KET-SD体系中,4 h可以在偏光界面观察到KET晶体,呈现圆形,随着时间的推移,CSD中KET晶体开始长大,其晶体的生长速率为8.13 μm·h-1,36 h可观察到药物晶体的长满了整个偏光可视界面(图3)。
在50%-SOR-CSD体系中,4 h可以在偏光界面观察到细小的SOR晶体,但是无法观察到其形貌,随着时间的推移,CSD中SOR晶体开始长大,其晶体的生长速率为3.13 μm·h-1,36 h可观察到药物晶体的形貌。与50%-KET-CSD相比较,相同时间的情况下,可观察到50%-SOR-CSD中SOR药物晶体的平均尺寸更小。同时,还发现50%-SOR-CSD中药物晶体的数目也明显多于50%-KET-CSD中药物晶体的数目。统计学分析显示,不同药物晶体生长速率相比较,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
为了进一步系统地研究50%载药率的CSD体系中的药物的结晶动力学,采用粉末 X 射线衍射法(powders X-ray diffraction, PXRD) 对两种药物的CSD进行了进一步的观察研究。
采用PXRD动态地监控了相同的载药量的50%-KET-CSD与50%-SOR-CSD的结晶动力学(图4)。图4A从下到上依次为:最下方KET晶体原料药的PXRD图谱,中间部分为不同时间下50%-KET-CSD的PXRD图谱,最上方P188晶体的PXRD图谱。在50%-KET-CSD中,0 h时P188就结晶出来了;0.5 h时,就可以观察到KET结晶;同理,而在50%-SOR-CSD中(图4B),0 h时CSD体系还是处于无定形态;1.0 h时,才观察到P188结晶出来;而SOR在6.0 h才从CSD体系中结晶出来。
同时,结果还表明在50%载药率的两种药物的CSD体系中(50%-KET-CSD与50%-SOR-CSD),SOR对P188晶体的结晶速率(即晶体生长速率)抑制程度更强。
查阅相关文献[13]发现,根据经典的成核理论:晶体的生长分为成核和生长两部分,并且二者是相互竞争的关系。即晶体的成核速率大,则生长速率小。这也解释了本研究在POM中观察到的实验现象:在50%-KET-CSD体系中,KET晶体的生长速率大,则成核速率小,观察到的KET药物晶体呈现大而少;而在50%-SOR-CSD体系中,SOR晶体的生长速率小,则成核速率大,观察到的S0R药物晶体呈现小而多。
综上,通过对两种不同药物的CSD体系的研究,发现药物-P188之间的分子间相互作用可以调节CSD中药物与P188的结晶动力学,抑制P188的结晶速度,并通过对药物晶体的成核速率和生长速率进行综合的调控,从而达到减小药物粒径的目的。同时,相互作用力越强,对P188的抑制效果越强,CSD中药物晶体的生长速率越小。
采用PXRD对CSD样品进行扫描测试,分别取适量待测样品,采用 Cu-Kα 靶测定,扫描范围为2θ=5°~35°,扫描速度为1 °·min-1,扫描步长为0.01°/2θ。然后,根据Scherrer公式(公式7)计算药物平均晶体尺寸。
g/Dg/=g/K(B cosθ)
式中,K为Scherrer常数、D为晶粒垂直于晶面方向的平均厚度、B为实测样品衍射峰半峰宽度或者积分宽度、θ为布拉格角、γ为X射线波长,为1.540 56 Å。
图5A显示,KET药物晶体在2θ为7.0°、10.5°、15.7°、17.2°、21.0°、27.2°有特征衍射峰,P188晶体在2θ为18.9°和23.0°有特征衍射峰,两者的特征衍射峰均与文献[20-21]报道一致。PM和CSD的PXRD衍射峰与原型药物相比未发生改变,说明CSD中KET药物晶型与KET原料药的晶型一致,未发生转晶现象。
图5B显示,与KET晶体原料药相比,50%-KET-PM中KET特征衍射峰的半峰宽几乎没有发生变化;而50%-KET-CSD中KET特征衍射峰的半峰宽都有着较为明显的变宽。根据Scherrer公式可知峰展宽与药物晶畴尺寸成反比,即半峰宽变宽,药物晶畴尺寸变小,计算结果见表4。KET与50%-KET-PM中药物的晶畴尺寸基本一致,50%-KET-CSD中KET药物的晶畴尺寸比原料药减小了7.50 nm,减小了17.64%。
图5C显示,SOR药物晶体在2θ为9.8°、11.3°、12.5°、18.5°、24.6°、25.1°有特征衍射峰,与相关文献[22]中所报道相一致。同时,制备的50%-SOR-PM以及50%-SOR-CSD中具有与SOR药物晶体相同的特征峰,说明CSD中SOR药物晶型与SOR原料药的晶型一致,未发生转晶现象。
与SOR晶体原料药相比,50%-SOR-PM中SOR特征衍射峰的半峰宽几乎没有发生变化;50%-SOR-CSD中SOR特征衍射峰的半峰宽都有着较为明显的变宽(图5D)。根据Scherrer公式计算SOR药物晶畴的结果见表4。纯SOR药物晶体的晶畴为(44.81±1.77) nm;SOR与50%-SOR-PM中药物的晶畴尺寸基本一致;50%-SOR-CSD中SOR药物晶体的晶畴为(24.59±0.85)nm,比纯SOR药物晶体减小了20.22 nm,减小了45.12%。
值得注意的是药物晶畴属于药物粒径的微观范畴,通常来说,本研究看到制备出的样品粉末属于宏观范畴(肉眼可见的),其实际是由许多微小的颗粒聚集而成的,而晶胞就是这些微小颗粒的基本组成,其中晶胞与晶胞之间的距离为晶畴尺寸,即晶畴尺寸越小,颗粒的单位体积越小,粒径越小[23]。因此,本研究也常用药物晶畴尺寸去衡量药物粒径的大小[24-25]
综上,本研究进一步验证了在CSD的体系中,药物-载体的相互作用可以对CSD中药物的粒径(药物的晶畴)进行调控,并且相互作用力越强,CSD中药物粒径减小程度越大,粒径越小,与CSD结晶动力学中得到的实验结果相一致。
本研究的目的是提高难溶性药物的溶出速率,因此溶出行为是本研究的一个重要衡量指标,且本研究认为CSD的溶出行为会直接受到其粒径等微观结构的影响,一方面本研究可以通过 CSD 的溶出行为间接判断其粒径的变化程度,另一方面本研究需要通过溶出行为来确定CSD对难溶性药物的增溶效果。因此,本研究选用本征溶出与粉末溶出对CSD的溶出行为进行评价。
IDR是指使用石蜡将已经压好的片剂密封在注射器中,只留一个表面与溶出介质接触。具体方法为精密称取样品粉末150.00 mg,放入模具中,使用手动压力器,压力为0.06 9 MPa,时间为30.0 s,压成底部直径为10.0 mm的圆形的片剂,随后将药片放入5.0 mL的一次性注射器中,用石蜡封住,只留一个底部出来,最后将其固定在溶出装置中。量取20.00 mL pH=7.2的磷缓冲液(含有0.1% SDS)溶出介质;搅拌速度为400 r·min-1;温度为37 ℃。每1.0 min 抽取0.2 mL 溶液,样品抽出后立即用0.22 mm的滤膜进行过滤,稀释后进行HPLC测定分析,每组平行测试3次。
本征溶出又称为特性溶出是指将药片的固定在特定的装置中,只留出药片一个面与溶出介质接触,固定装置转速,固定时的溶出速率[26-27]。与其他溶出相比较更能反映溶出过程中的一些现象,并且可能与药物在体内的药物代谢联系更加密切[7]
KET原料药、50%-KET-PM和50%-KET-CSD中KET的IDR有着显著的差别(图6A),其中,CSD(4.26 mg·cm-2·min-1)的IDR最大,PM(2.98 mg·cm-2·min-1)次之,KET原料药(0.74 mg·cm-2·min-1)最小,PM和CSD中KET的IDR分别是原料药的4.03和5.76倍。CSD和PM制剂中KET的IDR差异主要是由于药物晶体的粒径发生了变化,即CSD中KET粒径减小,将CSD的IDR进一步提高。
图6B显示,SOR原料药最小,50%-SOR-PM次之,50%-SOR-CSD的IDR最大,IDR分别为 0.11、4.59和 12.83 mg·cm-2·min-1;与SOR原料药的本征溶出速率相比,分别提高了40.32和112.65倍;相同载药量的CSD与PM相比,CSD是PM的2.79倍。
统计学分析后,结果见图6B图6D,所有不同药物-P188-CSD和药物-P188-PM中药物的本征溶出速率与相应纯药物的本征溶出速率相比,都具有统计学差异(P<0.05);相同药物-P188-CSD与药物-P188-PM中药物的本征溶出速率相比,也都具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
分别精确称取100.00 mg的原料药、PM、CSD样品粉末置于装有250.00 mL pH为7.2的磷酸缓冲液[含有十二烷基磺酸钠1.00 mg·mL-1]溶出装置中,搅拌速率分别采用100 r·min-1,温度为37 ℃。分别在0.5、1.0、1.5、2、2.5、3.0、4.0 h取样1.0 mL,同时加入等量等温的溶出介质,样品抽出后立即用0.22 μm的滤膜进行过滤,稀释后进行HPLC测定分析,每组平行测试3次。
50%-KET-CSD中药物的累积溶出率约为61%,高于50%-KET-PM(约42%)和纯KET原料药(约30%)(图7A),这可能是P188自身的润湿性和KET的粒径减小联合作用的结果[12-13],因此,药物晶体粒径减小有利于KET的增溶。
图7C显示,与纯SOR晶体原料药相比,在50%-SOR-PM和50%-SOR-CSD中,SOR的累计溶出率依次为CSD>PM>纯SOR;50%-SOR-PM与50%-SOR-CSD相比,SOR的累计溶出率增大48%,提高了8倍。
以4 h的累计溶出率为指标,分析纯药、药物-P188-CSD和药物-P188-PM之间的累计溶出率是否具有统计学差异。统计学分析的结果见图7B图7D,所有不同药物-P188-CSD和药物-P188-PM中药物的累计溶出率与相应纯药物的累计溶出率相比,都具有统计学差异(P<0.05);相同的药物-P188-CSD与药物-P188-PM中药物的累计溶出率相比,都具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
对纯药、PM、CSD的药物释放曲线进行方程模拟,结果显示,药物释放符合一级动力学模型,拟合后的一级动力学相关参数见表5
体外溶出结果显示,CSD制剂可以有效地提高药物的溶出速度,并且PM也对药物溶出提高有着一定作用,可能是因为P188作为一种广泛用于制药工业的两亲性表面活性剂,P188的存在可以提高KET的溶解度和润湿性。然而,CSD中药物晶粒尺寸的减小明显起到了关键作用,如CSD制剂中SOR溶出度的提高。
综上,药物与高分子材料间的相互作用会影响CSD中药物的结晶行为,进而调控以及减小CSD体系中药物粒径以达到增溶的目的。同时,相互作用力越强,对P188的结晶抑制效果越强,CSD中药物粒径减小程度越大,增溶效果越显著。
依据生物药剂学分类系统(biopharmaceutics classification system,BCS),BCS Ⅱ类药物具有溶解度低,渗透性高的特点,溶出速度是限制人体药物吸收的关键因素。因此,难溶性药物在制成口服制剂后,其溶出速率会成为难药物口服吸收的限速步骤,大大限制了许多新化合物作为药物的应用[28]。而本实验研究的两种药物(KET和SOR)属于典型的BCS Ⅱ类药物,根据Noyes-Whitney溶出速率方程(公式8),减小药物粒径可有效地提高难溶性药物的溶出速率。而将难溶性药物制备成CSD可显著地减小药物的粒径[14,29-30],从而达到增溶的目的,因此,研究CSD中药物的调控因素是十分重要且必要的。
d W d t= D × A × ( C s - c ) L
dW/dt:固体药物颗粒的溶解速率,D:药物分子在溶液中的扩散率,A:颗粒的比表面积,Cs:药物的溶解度,c:药物在溶液中的浓度,L:颗粒和溶液界面处扩散层厚度。
前期文献报道,玻璃化转变温度[29]、空间位阻[30]及分子间相互作用[17-18]可能对药物晶粒尺寸均有影响,其中本课题组已经证实前两种作用机制对CSD中药物粒径的影响。
在玻璃化转变温度调控CSD中药物的晶粒尺寸发现,CSD中高分子材料与药物的混合玻璃化转变温度(有效玻璃化转变温度)可通过温度与载药量来调控药物晶体的成核速率与生长速率来达到减小药物粒径的目的[29]。在空间位阻的调节机制中发现,低载药率(30%以下)的KET-P188-CSD体系,高分子材料的空间位阻作用对药物粒径的影响显著[30];而当载药量加大时,高分子材料的比例较小,使得空间位阻对粒径的影响减小,取而代之的是高分子材料与药物之间的相互作用对药物粒径的调控作用。因此,本研究是在前期研究的基础上,进一步阐明高载药量时分子间相互作用对药物粒径的调控机制。
值得注意的是,首先,本实验中只是简单地用两种难溶性药物进行了研究,还需要用其他大量的难溶性药物对本文的结论进行进一步的验证。其次,相互作用可以调控CSD中药物粒径,但是药物的结构、理化性质等都会影响药物与载体的相互作用,而本实验选取的两种药物在结构存在一定差异,需要使用结构相似的药物对本文的结论进行进一步的研究,这也将是本课题组下一步研究的重点。
总的来说,本实验以KET和SOR为模型药物,P188为载体,对药物-P188-CSD中药物与P188的相互作用力进行初步研究,初步探究了相互作用力对CSD体系中药物与P188结晶行为的影响,从而对药物的微观结构如晶体粒径进行调控,达到减小药物粒径的目的。同时,提出相互作用力的强弱对CSD中的药物粒径调控作用也存在影响,相互作用力越大,CSD中药物粒径减小程度越大,药物粒径越小,增溶效果越好,为难溶性药物开发为CSD制剂提供了理论基础和数据支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82060644)
  • 青海省科技厅项目(2022-QY-201)
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2024年第59卷第14期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.14.008
  • 接收时间:2023-02-13
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-07-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-13
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82060644)
青海省科技厅项目(2022-QY-201)
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    1 青海大学 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810001
    2 青海大学医学部, 西宁 810001

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* 胡春晖,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:物理药剂学 Tel:(0971)5312252
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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