Article(id=1218291750813225227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)13-1193-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.13.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687190400000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768392988159, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1720368000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768392988159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768392988159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768392988159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218291750003724554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='13', pageStart='1173', pageEnd='1272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768392987967, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394537396, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298248834503031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298248838697336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1193, endPage=1200, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218291751035523341, articleId=1218291750813225227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation of Icariin by Hydrolyzing Epimedin C with Immobilized α-L-Rhamnosidase, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare t he immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase on SBA 15 mesoporous silica to promote the efficient conversion of epimedin C to icariin. METHODS SBA-15 was modified through amination and aldehydeylation, and the α-L-rhamnosidase was covalently coupled onto SBA-15. The immobilization conditions were optimized using the enzyme loading capacity and relative enzyme activity as evaluation index. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase. Using epimedin C as substrate and free α-L-rhamnosidase as control, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, enzymatic kinetic parameters and recyclability of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase were investigated. RESULTS The optimal pH was 3.5, the optimal temperature was 35 ℃, the optimal immobilization time was 4 h and the optimal α-L-rhamnosidase concentration was 8 mg·mL-1. The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase showed a well-retained activity of 198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1 as well as a high enzyme loading capacity of 256.9 mg·g-1 support. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: pH 4.5, conversion temperature 50 ℃, substrate concentration 0.5 mg·mL-1, and transformation time 12 h. The Vmax and Km of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was 0.505 μg·min-1 and 0.787 mmol·L-1, respectively. After four cycles of reuse, the residual relative enzyme activity of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was more than 65%, which showed good stability. CONCLUSION The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase has a high enzyme loading capacity, strong enzyme activity and good reusability, which can be used for efficient conversion of epimedin C to icariin.

, correspAuthors=Zili FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wang CHEN, Yue ZHANG, Yuhang ZHANG, Zili FENG, Hongchao YUAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218291754118336827, articleId=1218291750813225227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备SBA-15型介孔二氧化硅固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,促进朝藿定C高效转化为淫羊藿苷。方法 通过氨基化和醛基化对SBA-15进行修饰,将α-L-鼠李糖苷酶共价偶联在SBA-15上,以载酶量和相对酶活力为评价指标,对其固定化条件进行优化;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-TR)、氮气吸附与脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)等对固定化酶进行表征;以朝藿定C为底物,考察固定化酶的最适酶解条件、酶解动力学和重复利用性。结果 制备固定化酶工艺的最佳pH值为3.5,温度为35 ℃,时间为4 h,酶质量浓度为8 mg·mL-1;固定化酶的酶活力为198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1,载酶量为256.9 mg·g-1,最适酶解条件为pH值4.5,转化温度50 ℃,底物质量浓度0.5 mg·mL-1,转化时间12 h,酶解动力学参数最大反应速率(Vmax)为0.505 μg·min-1,米氏常数(Km)为0.787 mmol·L-1,循环利用4次后残余酶活在65%以上,具有良好的稳定性。结论 制备的SBA-15固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶载酶量高、转化能力强、重复利用性好,可用于高效转化朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷。

, correspAuthors=冯自立, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 冯自立,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然药物有效成分开发 Tel:(0916)2649396
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陈旺,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:天然产物结构改造与修饰研究

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陈旺,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:天然产物结构改造与修饰研究

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陈旺,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:天然产物结构改造与修饰研究

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Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, 220: 124-134., articleTitle=Chitosan-regulated biomimetic hybrid nanoflower for efficiently immobilizing enzymes to enhance stability and by-product tolerance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218291764826395358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=926829, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=HUANG J J, HU H X, LU Y J, journalName=Front Bioeng Biotechnol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J J, HU H X, LU Y J, et al. Computer-aided design of α-L-Rhamnosidase to increase the synthesis efficiency of icariside I[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 926829. DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2022.926829., articleTitle=Computer-aided design of α-L-Rhamnosidase to increase the synthesis efficiency of icariside I, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218291764897698528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=42, issue=15, pageStart=6290, pageEnd=6307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=RODRIGUES R C, ORTIZ C, BERENGUER-MURCIA Á, journalName=Chem Soc Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RODRIGUES R C, ORTIZ C, BERENGUER-MURCIA Á, et al. Modifying enzyme activity and selectivity by immobilization[J]. 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figureFileSmall=dtnsd2NP7Q+LqM4K0Bi8tA==, figureFileBig=0wrEyijT1UZuVlccW9Xz9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758379749872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图1, caption=朝藿定C(A)、酶转化2 h样品(B)和酶转化12 h样品(C)溶液的高效液相色谱(HPLC)图, figureFileSmall=dtnsd2NP7Q+LqM4K0Bi8tA==, figureFileBig=0wrEyijT1UZuVlccW9Xz9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758576882170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Principle scheme of perparation of SBA-Rha

APTES-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; GA-glutaraldehyde.

, figureFileSmall=p2soBWI3OPN/eP1t+U4WUA==, figureFileBig=qJdO/QI6gXsByUihDnRdfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758660768257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图2, caption=介孔二氧化硅固定化鼠李糖苷酶(SBA-Rha)的制备过程示意图

APTES-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷;GA-戊二醛。

, figureFileSmall=p2soBWI3OPN/eP1t+U4WUA==, figureFileBig=qJdO/QI6gXsByUihDnRdfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758748848650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different immobilization conditions on the activity of SBA-Rha. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-pH; B-temperature; C-immobilization time; D-enzyme concentration.

, figureFileSmall=pjXyIG5NzqPrUirdFvBiMw==, figureFileBig=xMWCGI8RLI54PNUtwRTipA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758832734734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同固定化条件对SBA-Rha酶活力的影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

A-pH值; B-温度; C-时间; D-酶质量浓度。

, figureFileSmall=pjXyIG5NzqPrUirdFvBiMw==, figureFileBig=xMWCGI8RLI54PNUtwRTipA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758908232215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=X-Ray diffraction of SBA-15, SBA-15-NH2, SBA-15-CHO and SBA-15-ENZ, figureFileSmall=vBnJylAQ/b/w3J967E5aKQ==, figureFileBig=dqfP4FvHEQm1W264HPFC3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291758979535389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SBA-15、SBA-NH2、SBA-CHO和SBA-Rha的X射线衍射图, figureFileSmall=vBnJylAQ/b/w3J967E5aKQ==, figureFileBig=dqfP4FvHEQm1W264HPFC3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759071810079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=FI-IR spectra of SBA-15, SBA-NH2, SBA-CHO and SBA-Rha, figureFileSmall=6WvqTiKNlINQKvVQ2Q5xCQ==, figureFileBig=kHdKQiWXm3EXVbQ4CmC5LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759147307556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SBA-15、SBA-NH2、SBA-CHO和SBA-Rha的傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)光谱图, figureFileSmall=6WvqTiKNlINQKvVQ2Q5xCQ==, figureFileBig=kHdKQiWXm3EXVbQ4CmC5LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759201833513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=SEM images of SBA-15(A), SBA-NH2(B), SBA-CHO(C) and SBA-Rha(D), figureFileSmall=IzuDzlQE0h2b6tJOBBwCmA==, figureFileBig=N7uhlot7Mx9oDtYgr4AvpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759294108204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SBA-15(A)、SBA-NH2(B)、SBA-CHO(C)和SBA-Rha(D)的高性能发射扫描电镜(SEM)表征图, figureFileSmall=IzuDzlQE0h2b6tJOBBwCmA==, figureFileBig=N7uhlot7Mx9oDtYgr4AvpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759403160116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=TEM images of SBA-15(A), SBA-NH2(B), SBA-CHO(C) and SBA-Rha(D), figureFileSmall=h+00ZYZA2So36Pu9f1kssA==, figureFileBig=BYi0MrQM4cDKMBARcixLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759495434811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SBA-15(A)、SBA-NH2(B)、SBA-CHO(C)和SBA-Rha(D)的透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征图, figureFileSmall=h+00ZYZA2So36Pu9f1kssA==, figureFileBig=BYi0MrQM4cDKMBARcixLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759600292417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal fitting curve of initial reaction rate and substrate concentration, figureFileSmall=Ri5Q1Ga6FBhNii9Fff+l/A==, figureFileBig=2SuuDi5Bkb8FdEEDdVVCzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759721927239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图8, caption=反应初速率与底物浓度的Lineweaver-Burk双倒数拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=Ri5Q1Ga6FBhNii9Fff+l/A==, figureFileBig=2SuuDi5Bkb8FdEEDdVVCzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759818396238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The temperature tolerance(A), pH tolerance(B), storage stability(C) and hydrolysate tolerance(D) of SBA-Rha.n=3,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Qya2Wwn03LL2H1H3Cbabyw==, figureFileBig=jhlSEBsYsGBliwSjTHMtMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759893893716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=图9, caption=SBA-Rha的温度稳定性(A)、pH稳定性(B)、贮藏稳定性(C)和水解产物耐受性(D)。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Qya2Wwn03LL2H1H3Cbabyw==, figureFileBig=jhlSEBsYsGBliwSjTHMtMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218291759990362713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mean pore diameter, total pore volume and BET surface area of SBA-15, SBA-NH2, SBA-CHO and SBA-Rha

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Mean pore
diameter/nm
Total pore volume
/cm3·g-1
BET surface
area/m2·g-1
SBA-15 10.73 1.26 338.38
SBA-NH2 9.33 0.81 293.24
SBA-CHO 7.42 0.52 253.64
SBA-Rha 6.20 0.40 226.14
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760095220318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SBA-15、SBA-NH2、SBA-CHO和SBA-Rha的平均孔径、总孔容及比表面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Mean pore
diameter/nm
Total pore volume
/cm3·g-1
BET surface
area/m2·g-1
SBA-15 10.73 1.26 338.38
SBA-NH2 9.33 0.81 293.24
SBA-CHO 7.42 0.52 253.64
SBA-Rha 6.20 0.40 226.14
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760174912101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Optimal pH of free and immobilized α-Rha. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
3.5 53.2±2.6 48.5±4.2
4.0 84.4±3.4 79.3±3.5
4.5 100±2.4 100±2.6
5.0 89.7±3.8 85.1±2.8
5.5 78.6±2.7 75.9±3.4
6.0 61.2±3.1 67.7±3.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760242020968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

游离α-Rha和SBA-Rha的最适酶解pH值考察。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
3.5 53.2±2.6 48.5±4.2
4.0 84.4±3.4 79.3±3.5
4.5 100±2.4 100±2.6
5.0 89.7±3.8 85.1±2.8
5.5 78.6±2.7 75.9±3.4
6.0 61.2±3.1 67.7±3.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760313324140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Optimal temperature of free and immobilized α-Rha. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T
/℃
Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
40 43.2±2.5 50.3±3.4
45 78.6±3.5 73.7±3.6
50 100±2.8 100±3.2
55 86.9±3.1 88.4±3.7
60 80.1±3.3 79.8±3.7
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760397210222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

游离α-Rha和SBA-Rha的最适酶解温度考察。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T
/℃
Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
40 43.2±2.5 50.3±3.4
45 78.6±3.5 73.7±3.6
50 100±2.8 100±3.2
55 86.9±3.1 88.4±3.7
60 80.1±3.3 79.8±3.7
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760481096310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Optimal substrate concentration of free and immobilized α-Rha. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Substrate)
/mg·mL-1
Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
0.2 55.4±3.8 66.7±3.4
0.3 72.1±2.9 85.4±2.5
0.5 84.7±2.5 100±2.3
0.8 100±2.1 78.6±3.6
1.0 79.2±2.7 59.5±3.8
1.5 70.8±3.2 42.3±4.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760548205176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

游离α-Rha和SBA-Rha的最适底物质量浓度考察。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Substrate)
/mg·mL-1
Relative enzyme activity/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
0.2 55.4±3.8 66.7±3.4
0.3 72.1±2.9 85.4±2.5
0.5 84.7±2.5 100±2.3
0.8 100±2.1 78.6±3.6
1.0 79.2±2.7 59.5±3.8
1.5 70.8±3.2 42.3±4.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760627896955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Optimal hydrolysis time of free and immobilized α-Rha. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t(Hydrolysis)
/h
Conversion ratio of epimedin C/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
2 67.5±2.4 24.3±2.6
4 83.7±2.9 32.6±2.1
6 96.9±2.7 58.7±2.7
8 99.2±1.9 81.6±2.2
12 100±2.2 99.7±1.7
16 100±2.3 100±2.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760728560254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291750813225227, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

游离α-Rha和SBA-Rha的最适酶解时间考察。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t(Hydrolysis)
/h
Conversion ratio of epimedin C/%
Free α-Rha SBA-Rha
2 67.5±2.4 24.3±2.6
4 83.7±2.9 32.6±2.1
6 96.9±2.7 58.7±2.7
8 99.2±1.9 81.6±2.2
12 100±2.2 99.7±1.7
16 100±2.3 100±2.4
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固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷研究
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陈旺 1, 2 , 张月 1 , 张宇航 1, 3 , 冯自立 4, 5, * , 袁洪超 6
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(13): 1193-1200
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(13): 1193-1200
固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷研究
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陈旺1, 2, 张月1, 张宇航1, 3, 冯自立4, 5, *, 袁洪超6
作者信息
  • 1 陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院, 陕西 汉中 723000
  • 2 陕西省资源生物重点实验室, 陕西 汉中 723000
  • 3 陕西西凤酒股份有限公司, 陕西 宝鸡 721000
  • 4 陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723000
  • 5 秦巴生物资源与生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室(培育), 陕西 汉中 723000
  • 6 陕西金慧方中药科技有限公司, 陕西 镇巴 723600
  • 陈旺,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:天然产物结构改造与修饰研究

通讯作者:

* 冯自立,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然药物有效成分开发 Tel:(0916)2649396
Preparation of Icariin by Hydrolyzing Epimedin C with Immobilized α-L-Rhamnosidase
Wang CHEN1, 2, Yue ZHANG1, Yuhang ZHANG1, 3, Zili FENG4, 5, *, Hongchao YUAN6
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • 2 Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • 3 Shaanxi Xifeng Liquor Co., Ltd., Baoji 721000, China
  • 4 Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • 5 Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723000, China
  • 6 Shaanxi Jinhuifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Company, Zhenba 723600, China
出版时间: 2024-07-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.003
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目的 制备SBA-15型介孔二氧化硅固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶,促进朝藿定C高效转化为淫羊藿苷。方法 通过氨基化和醛基化对SBA-15进行修饰,将α-L-鼠李糖苷酶共价偶联在SBA-15上,以载酶量和相对酶活力为评价指标,对其固定化条件进行优化;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-TR)、氮气吸附与脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)等对固定化酶进行表征;以朝藿定C为底物,考察固定化酶的最适酶解条件、酶解动力学和重复利用性。结果 制备固定化酶工艺的最佳pH值为3.5,温度为35 ℃,时间为4 h,酶质量浓度为8 mg·mL-1;固定化酶的酶活力为198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1,载酶量为256.9 mg·g-1,最适酶解条件为pH值4.5,转化温度50 ℃,底物质量浓度0.5 mg·mL-1,转化时间12 h,酶解动力学参数最大反应速率(Vmax)为0.505 μg·min-1,米氏常数(Km)为0.787 mmol·L-1,循环利用4次后残余酶活在65%以上,具有良好的稳定性。结论 制备的SBA-15固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶载酶量高、转化能力强、重复利用性好,可用于高效转化朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷。

朝藿定C  /  α-L-鼠李糖苷酶  /  淫羊藿苷  /  SBA-15  /  固定化

OBJECTIVE To prepare t he immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase on SBA 15 mesoporous silica to promote the efficient conversion of epimedin C to icariin. METHODS SBA-15 was modified through amination and aldehydeylation, and the α-L-rhamnosidase was covalently coupled onto SBA-15. The immobilization conditions were optimized using the enzyme loading capacity and relative enzyme activity as evaluation index. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase. Using epimedin C as substrate and free α-L-rhamnosidase as control, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, enzymatic kinetic parameters and recyclability of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase were investigated. RESULTS The optimal pH was 3.5, the optimal temperature was 35 ℃, the optimal immobilization time was 4 h and the optimal α-L-rhamnosidase concentration was 8 mg·mL-1. The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase showed a well-retained activity of 198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1 as well as a high enzyme loading capacity of 256.9 mg·g-1 support. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: pH 4.5, conversion temperature 50 ℃, substrate concentration 0.5 mg·mL-1, and transformation time 12 h. The Vmax and Km of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was 0.505 μg·min-1 and 0.787 mmol·L-1, respectively. After four cycles of reuse, the residual relative enzyme activity of the immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was more than 65%, which showed good stability. CONCLUSION The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase has a high enzyme loading capacity, strong enzyme activity and good reusability, which can be used for efficient conversion of epimedin C to icariin.

epimedin C  /  α-L-rhamnosidase  /  icariin  /  SBA-15  /  immobilization
陈旺, 张月, 张宇航, 冯自立, 袁洪超. 固定化α-L-鼠李糖苷酶水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (13) : 1193 -1200 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.003
Wang CHEN, Yue ZHANG, Yuhang ZHANG, Zili FENG, Hongchao YUAN. Preparation of Icariin by Hydrolyzing Epimedin C with Immobilized α-L-Rhamnosidase[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (13) : 1193 -1200 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.003
淫羊藿苷为传统中药淫羊藿(Epimedium brevicornum)的主要活性成分,具有显著的抗骨质疏松[1]、抗肿瘤[2]、神经细胞保护[3]、抗炎[4]和增强机体免疫力[5]等多种药理作用。淫羊藿中另一个主要成分朝藿定C与淫羊藿苷母核结构相同,仅在C-3位置上多一个鼠李糖基;朝藿定C是淫羊藿中含量最高的黄酮苷类化合物,但表现出一定的毒性[6]。淫羊藿苷作为淫羊藿的指标性成分,其药理活性优于朝藿定C,且价格远高于朝藿定C,因此水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷具有重要意义。
α-L-鼠李糖苷酶(α-Rha)作用于α-1、α-1,2、α-1,3、α-1,4和α-1,6连接的鼠李糖苷键,可以特异性去除聚糖或者糖苷类化合物末端的α-L-鼠李糖基[7],生成新的低糖苷类化合物。已有文献[8-13]报道多种微生物来源的游离α-Rha克隆及表达,可定向转化朝藿定C为淫羊藿苷。Yin[14]报道利用游离α-Rha水解朝藿定C得到淫羊藿苷,从而提升巫山淫羊藿提取物中淫羊藿苷含量。本课题组前期优化了商品化α-Rha转化朝藿定C的方法,并进行克级放大制备高纯度淫羊藿苷[15]。但以上方法所使用的酶多需要异源表达或者价格昂贵,游离α-Rha存在使用寿命短,难以回收和重复利用等问题,难以大规模工业化应用。因此,常使用吸附、包埋、交联和共价键结合等方法,将酶固定在合适的载体材料上来提高酶的稳定性和可重复利用性[16]
介孔二氧化硅(SBA-15)具有规整的六方有序孔道结构(5~30 nm)、大的比表面积且化学稳定性高,有良好的耐热性、机械性和耐化学性[17],有利于其他化合物的分散和负载。SBA-15表面含有丰富的硅醇羟基基团,有利于改性,是理想的酶固定化载体[18],广泛用于医药[19]、食品[20]、生物清洁[21]等多个领域。本研究通过共价键结合法将游离α-Rha固定在SBA-15载体上,先对固定化条件进行优化,再对其酶活回收率和重复利用性等进行考察,通过建立高效的SBA-15固定化游离α-Rha (SBA-Rha)水解朝藿定C工艺,为淫羊藿提取物高值化利用提供新的技术方法。
Agilent 1260 Infinity型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司);AVANCE-Ⅲ HD 600 MHz(德国布鲁克公司);LTQ-Orbitrap XL型质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher公司);Biotek Epoch全波长酶标仪(美国Bio Tek公司);VERTEX70傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-TR)[布鲁克(北京)科技有限公司];Thermo Scientific Apreo 2型高性能场发射扫描电镜(SEM)(美国Thermo Fisher公司);JEM-2100P型透射电子显微镜(TEM)(日本电子株式会社);Ultima Ⅳ型X射线衍射仪(XRD)(日本理学株式会社);TRISTAR3020比表面积与孔隙度分析仪(美国Mike公司);JA500电子天平(上海衡平仪器仪表厂)。
介孔二氧化硅(SBA-15)、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)、25%戊二醛(GA)(上海泰坦科技股份有限公司);淫羊藿苷对照品(陕西乐博生化科技有限公司,批号:191010,含量≥98%);朝藿定C(含量≥98%)实验室自制[22];α-L-RHa(Megazyme公司,批号:110501d);牛血清蛋白(BSA,陕西乐博生化科技有限公司);乙腈、甲醇为色谱纯,水为超纯水,其余所用试剂均为分析纯。
以朝藿定C为底物,在50 ℃、pH 4.5磷酸盐缓冲液中与适量酶反应1 h后,加入9倍量的甲醇终止反应,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,取续滤液HPLC检测,计算酶活力、相对酶活力、酶活回收率和朝藿定C转化率。
酶活力定义:在50 ℃和pH 4.5的反应条件下,1 g酶每小时水解朝藿定C的物质的量,表示为μmol·h-1·g-1。相对酶活力计算见公式1。
相对酶活力=酶活力/最高酶活力
最高酶活力为同组实验中活力最高的值,计为100%。
酶活回收率为固定化酶总活力占被固定的游离酶总活力的比率。
转化率为反应消耗掉的朝藿定C的比例。
色谱条件:色谱柱为Agilent C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);流动为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液=30:70;检测波长 270 nm;流速 1 mL·min-1;柱温 30 ℃;进样量 10 μL。色谱图见图1
采用二辛可宁酸(BCA)法,以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为对照测定蛋白量。以BSA质量浓度为横坐标(ρ),吸光度值(A)为纵坐标,得标准曲线:A=0.001 1ρ+0.014 4,r2=0.996 1;BSA在25~2 000 μg·mL-1内与吸光度值(A)线性关系良好。在固定化酶制备结束后,离心取上清液,沉淀用蒸馏水洗涤3次,合并洗涤液与上清液,加水定容即为样品溶液。按BCA试剂盒方法在562 nm处测定样品溶液A值,利用标准曲线和公式2~3计算载酶率和固定率。
载酶量=被固定的酶量/固定化酶的量
固定率=被固定的酶量/固定化过程中投入的总酶量
称取1 g SBA-15,加25 mL无水甲苯和4 mL APTES,N2保护下110 ℃回流,反应48 h。反应结束后4 000 r·min-1离心5 min,再依次使用无水甲苯、二氯甲烷、甲醇、水和甲醇进行洗涤,50 ℃真空干燥过夜,即得氨基改性的SBA-15(SBA-NH2)[23]1.3 g。精密称取干燥的SBA-NH2 1 g,加入50 mL的7%GA溶液,在35 ℃下搅拌反应4 h,反应结束后4 000 r·min-1离心5 min,超纯水离心洗涤3次,50 ℃真空干燥过夜,即得醛基改性的SBA-15(SBA-CHO)1.35 g。
精密称取SBA-CHO 50 mg,加入一定pH值的2 mL磷酸盐缓冲液,加入适量α-Rha,在一定温度下200 r·min-1磁力搅拌反应一定时间。反应结束后3 000 r·min-1离心5 min,再用相应的磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤,离心收集沉淀,37 ℃下真空干燥过夜,即得SBA-Rha,固定化过程见图2
按“2.2.2”项下方法制备SBA-Rha,分别考察不同固定化pH值(3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0)、温度(25、30、35、40、45 ℃)、时间(2、3、4、5、6 h)和酶质量浓度(2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10 mg·mL-1)对固定化酶活力和载酶量的影响,结果见图3。当固定化pH值为3.5、温度为35 ℃、时间为4 h、酶质量浓度为8 mg·mL-1时,SBA-Rha的酶活力最高;在该条件下制备的固定化酶的酶活力为198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1,酶活回收率为81.7%,载酶量为256.9 mg·g-1载体,固定率为80.3%。
以Cu靶和Kα靶线为测试源,管电压50 kV,管电流20 mA,扫描区间2θ=0.6°~6°,扫描速率1°·min-1,扫描步长0.02°,结果见图4。经过修饰的载体在2θ为0.8°~2°处均有晶面指数,分别为(100)、(110)和(200)面的3个衍射峰,相对应的2θ值依次为0.86°、1.48°和1.70°,其(2θ)2值的比约为1:3:4,说明经过修饰的SBA-15载体原有的高度有序的二维六方密堆积结构及六方对称性没有被破坏[25]。但经过修饰之后的3个衍射峰强度有不同程度的减弱,可能是由于其孔道被依次嫁接的大量氨基、醛基及酶所填充,这说明了氨基、醛基及酶被成功地嫁接。
按1:150精密称取待测样品和干燥的KBr充分研磨,取60~70 mg置于压片机中,于10 MPa下保压2 min,室温下扫描,结果见图5。SBA-NH2在2 925 cm-1处出现了明显的特征吸收峰,主要是由于C-H振动所产生的;此外在1 491 cm-1处出现了N-H键的伸缩振动,说明了SBA-15的硅烷化成功[26]。SBA-CHO在2 805和2 933 cm-1处出现了微弱的特征吸收峰,说明对载体进一步完成了醛基的功能化。SBA-Rha在1 614 cm-1处出现了明显的特征吸收峰,这是由于C=N双键伸缩振动引起的,表明SBA-15载体材料完成了相应的功能化及酶的固定化。
取适量样品在100 ℃下脱气处理12 h,于液氮(77 K)下进行N2吸附-脱附实验。通过BET和BJH方法计算,结果见表1。修饰后的材料相比于未修饰的SBA-15平均孔径、总孔容及比表面积均显著下降,这可能是由于嫁接的氨基、醛基及酶占用了介孔分子筛部分内部空间,导致经过修饰的材料特征值均有不同程度的下降。这与FI-IR表征的数据结果一致,说明α-Rha被成功地固定在SBA-15的介孔中。
取适量待测样品表面喷金处理,置于SEM下观察拍照,电压15 kV,分辨率1 nm,SEM结果见图6。可以清楚地观察到载体SBA-15、SBA-NH2、SBA-CHO和SBA-Rha,其介孔分子筛表面总体形貌都呈现出原有的棒状结构,这与XRD表征数据结果一致,说明功能化和酶固定化后的SBA-15载体材料原有的结构仍保持不变。
取适量样品粉末,用无水乙醇超声分散后,滴于铜网上,室温干燥后,置于TEM下观察拍照,TEM结果见图7。SBA-15、SBA-NH2、SBA-CHO和SBA-Rha的SEM图均呈典型的具有一定长度的蠕虫状结构。TEM图显示4个样品都存在均一有序的长通道介孔结构,SBA-Rha的表面呈现一些不透明的阴影,可能与酶的固定有关。
以游离酶为参照,取适量SBA-Rha和游离α-Rha,按“2.1.1”项下方法测定不同pH值(3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0)、温度(40、45、50、55、60 ℃)、底物质量浓度(0.2、0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5 mg·mL-1)条件下SBA-Rha和游离α-Rha的酶活力,计算相对酶活;以朝藿定C转化率为指标,考察SBA-Rha和游离α-Rha的最适酶解时间(2、4、6、8、12、16 h),结果见表2~5。SBA-Rha和游离α-Rha的最适pH值均为4.5;最适温度均为50 ℃;最适底物质量浓度游离α-Rha为0.8 mg·mL-1,SBA-Rha为0.5 mg·mL-1;游离α-Rha和SBA-Rha的最适酶解时间分别为8和12 h,朝藿定C的转化率均在95%以上,且酶解产物均为淫羊藿苷。在最适水解温度下延长酶解时间至24 h时游离α-Rha反应体系中出现副产物淫羊藿次苷I,这说明游离α-Rha具有较高的酶活性,可将C-3位的鼠李糖苷键进一步水解;而SBA-Rha反应体系中未有副产物产生。
按“2.1.1”项下酶活测定方法,配制不同质量浓度梯度(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg·mL-1)的朝藿定C底物,分别加入适量游离α-Rha或SBA-Rha,在最佳水解条件下反应8 h,HPLC测定,计算朝藿定C的水解量,用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法求出最大反应速率(Km)和米氏常数(Vmax)。游离酶和SBA-Rha的1/V和1/S均呈现良好的线性关系(图8)。根据米氏方程计算可得Vmax游离酶=0.738 μg·min-1Vmax固定化酶=0.505 μg·min-1;Km游离酶=0.457 mmol·L-1Km固定化酶=0.787 mmol·L-1Km游离酶<Km固定化酶,表明α-Rha经SBA-15固定化后对底物朝藿定C亲和力下降。可能是由于固定导致酶的活性中心柔性结构降低,刚性增强,导致固定化酶的活性降低,从而使两者之间的Km值产生差异。
取适量SBA-Rha和朝藿定C溶液,按“2.4”项下最适酶解条件反应16 h,离心,洗涤,收集沉淀物加入朝藿定C继续反应,重复上述操作4次;按“2.1.1”项下方法测定酶活力。结果4次实验的相对酶活力分别为(100.0±2.4)%、(77.7±3.2)%、(70.9±2.5)%和(65.2±2.8)%(n=3)。SBA-Rha在重复利用4次后的残余相对酶活力仍保持在70%以上,表明经SBA-15的固定化可显著提高α-Rha的利用率。
SBA-Rha的温度、pH及贮藏稳定性研究参考文献[27]进行。SBA-Rha分别在不同的温度下水浴保存1 h;在不同pH值的PBS溶液中30 ℃下水浴保存1 h;固体粉末形式4 ℃下储存相对应的时间,而后分别测定并计算相对酶活力。SBA-Rha对水解产物的耐受性研究参考文献[28]进行,在酶活力测定反应体系中加入一定量的淫羊藿苷使之达到相对应的浓度,再加入SBA-Rha测定并计算相对酶活力,结果见图9。SBA-Rha在50 ℃以下、pH 4.0~5.0、4 ℃下储存30 d的条件下稳定。水解产物耐受性方面,只有产物在较高浓度时才会影响酶活力。表明SBA-Rha有良好的温度、pH及贮藏稳定性,对水解产物也具有良好的耐受性。
介孔二氧化硅SBA-15具有较大的比表面积和较好的机械强度及稳定性,且价廉易得,是制备固定化酶的理想载体。本实验先以APTES对其进行氨基化修饰,再以GA为偶联剂与SBA-15表面修饰的氨基发生席夫碱反应引入醛基;最终在温和的反应条件下α-Rha分子上的氨基与SBA-15载体材料上的醛基再次发生席夫碱反应,从而使α-Rha以共价键的方式牢固地结合在SBA-15载体材料上。经表征数据FI-IR和N2吸附与脱附表明SBA-15载体已完成了基团的功能化修饰及酶的固定化;XRD和SEM数据表明经修饰和酶固定化后载体SBA-15原有的六方介孔和棒状结构保持不变。
本研究最优固定化条件pH值为3.5、温度为35 ℃、时间为4 h、酶质量浓度为8 mg·mL-1时,SBA-Rha的酶活力最高,这与酶的自身性质有关。本研究制备的SBA-Rha酶活力为198.6 μmol·h-1·g-1、酶活回收率为81.7%、载酶量为256.9 mg·g-1、固定率为80.3%,虽然酶活力较游离酶有所下降,但依然保持了较高水平。固定化酶的活性高、载酶量大,说明固定化过程基本不影响酶的活性,表明SBA-15是固定α-Rha的理想载体。固定化酶的最适条件为pH 4.5,转化温度50 ℃,底物质量浓度0.5 mg·mL-1,转化时间12 h。与游离酶相比,固定化酶的最适pH值和最适温度不变,但最适底物浓度降低、水解时间变长,这可能是固定化酶对底物的亲和力降低(Km较大),继而导致了酶水解速率的降低(Vmax变小),水解时间延长。但游离酶在长时间或高底物浓度情况下水解朝藿定C时会产生副产物淫羊藿次苷Ⅰ,这是由于淫羊藿苷3位的鼠李糖基进一步被水解,该现象与文献[28-29]报道一致;而固定化酶的水解产物单一,更有利于水解朝藿定C制备活性较强的淫羊藿苷。固定化酶在每次循环利用后都会有活性衰减,酶活力下降可能的原因是载体材料孔道的封闭、部分酶脱落和部分酶活性的丧失[30]。SBA-Rha循环利用4次后残余酶活在65%以上,此时固定化酶已经无法在12 h内完成朝藿定C的水解,但只需要通过延长水解时间依然可以完成水解且无副产物生成。这表明固定化酶具有一定的机械强度,重复利用多次后依然能保持大部分原有的性能,大大提高了酶的利用率,总体酶解效率更高。稳定性及耐受性研究表明,SBA-Rha具有良好的温度、pH值及贮藏稳定性,对水解产物也具有良好的耐受性。
本研究的固定化酶还可以应用于淫羊藿提取物中朝藿定C的水解,因此可直接用于高含量淫羊藿提取物的生产,SBA-Rha将淫羊藿提取液中的朝藿定C直接水解为淫羊藿苷,提高淫羊藿苷含量的同时极大地减少了后续分离纯化工作,节约成本、保护环境。上述建立的固定化酶水解朝藿定C制备淫羊藿苷的方法,实现了酶的重复利用,提高了α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的利用率,在一定程度上降低了生产成本,减少了副产物的生成,利于工业化生产,同时为淫羊藿资源的高值化利用提供了新的技术方法和实验依据。
  • 秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXC-2302)
  • 秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXZC-2302)
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2024年第59卷第13期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.003
  • 接收时间:2023-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-20
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秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXC-2302)
秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXZC-2302)
作者信息
    1 陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院, 陕西 汉中 723000
    2 陕西省资源生物重点实验室, 陕西 汉中 723000
    3 陕西西凤酒股份有限公司, 陕西 宝鸡 721000
    4 陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心, 陕西 汉中 723000
    5 秦巴生物资源与生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室(培育), 陕西 汉中 723000
    6 陕西金慧方中药科技有限公司, 陕西 镇巴 723600

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* 冯自立,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然药物有效成分开发 Tel:(0916)2649396
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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