Article(id=1218290947180385002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218290941232861879, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)15-1424-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.15.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695484800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768392796559, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1723046400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768392796559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768392796559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768392796559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218290941232861879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='15', pageStart='1361', pageEnd='1452', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768392795141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394622953, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298607682376061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218290941232861879, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298607682376062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218290941232861879, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1424, endPage=1428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218290947490763516, articleId=1218290947180385002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacokinetics Study of Polymyxin B in Patients with Sepsis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B (PB) in sepsis patients and to provide evidence for its rational clinical use. METHODS Sepsis patients were given intravenous PB, every 12 h (q12 h), 4 consecutive doses. Blood samples were collected before each dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 h after the fifth dose. The plasma concentrations of PB were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model, and a limited sampling model was established with sparse blood concentration data points. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were included. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of PB were as follows: area under the concentration-time curve for the 24 h exposure after the fifth dose(AUC0-24 h) was (63.33±30.88) mg·h·L-1, plasma concentrations prior to the fifth dose(ρ0) was (2.01±1.54) mg·L-1, post the fifth dose peak plasma concentration(ρmax) was (6.90±4.22) mg·L-1, plasma concentrations of 12 h after the fifth dose(ρ12) was (1.64±1.04) mg·L-1, average steady-state plasma concentration(ρss,av) was (2.64±1.29) mg·L-1, trough concentrations after the first, second and third doses were (3.35±2.50) (2.74±1.60) and (1.76±1.10) mg·L-1, respectively. The recommended two-point regression equation is AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6. CONCLUSIONS There are individual variabilities in the pharmacokinetic parameters of PB in patients with sepsis. The loading dose of the first dose can reach the steady-state concentration as soon as possible, and the PB concentration point 1,6 h after administration can be used to estimate AUC0-24 h. It is suggested to monitor PB-AUC0-24 h to guide the adjustment of PB dosage in adult patients with sepsis.

, correspAuthors=Yonggang LUO, Zhi SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun ZHANG, Lin ZHOU, Tianyuan ZHENG, Yonggang LUO, Zhi SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218290948308652836, articleId=1218290947180385002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=多黏菌素B在脓毒症患者中的药动学研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究多黏菌素B(polymyxin B, PB)在脓毒症患者中的药动学,为该药的临床合理应用提供依据。方法 脓毒症患者静脉给予PB,q12 h,连续给药4剂,分别于各剂给药前及第5剂给药后0.5、1、2、3、6、9、12 h采集血样,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)分析方法测定PB血浆浓度。采用非房室模型方法计算主要的药动学参数,以稀疏血药浓度数据点建立有限采样模型。结果 最终纳入18例患者,PB的主要药动学参数0~24 h血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-24 h)为(63.33±30.88) mg·h·L-1,第5剂给药前血药浓度(ρ0)为(2.01±1.54) mg·L-1,第5剂给药后的峰浓度(ρmax)为(6.90±4.22) mg·L-1,第5剂给药后12 h血药浓度(ρ12)为(1.64±1.04) L·h-1,平均稳态血药浓度(ρss,av)为(2.64±1.29) mg·L-1,第一剂、第二剂、第三剂给药后的谷浓度分别为(3.35±2.50),(2.74±1.60),(1.76±1.10) mg·L-1。推荐2点回归方程为:AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6结论 PB在脓毒症患者体内的药动学参数存在个体差异,首剂给予负荷剂量可很快达到稳态浓度,给药后1、6 h的PB浓度点可用于估算AUC0-24 h,建议监测PB-AUC0-24 h值调整成人脓毒症患者的给药剂量。

, correspAuthors=罗永刚, 孙志, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 罗永刚,男,博士,副主任医师 研究方向:重症医学 Tel:(0371)66913423;
孙志,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(0371)66862570
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张俊,女,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学

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张俊,女,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学

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张俊,女,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学

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Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 47(10):1298-1304., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896100697015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=60, issue=6, pageStart=1206, pageEnd=1215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZAVASCKI A P, GOLDANI L Z, LI J, journalName=J Antimicrob Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAVASCKI A P, GOLDANI L Z, LI J, et al. Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: a critical review[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2007, 60(6):1206-1215., articleTitle=Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: a critical review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896176194493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=TSUJI B T, POGUE J M, ZAVASCKI A P, journalName=Pharmacotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TSUJI B T, POGUE J M, ZAVASCKI A P, et al. International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP)[J]. Pharmacotherapy, 2019, 39(1):10-39., articleTitle=International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896255886274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=104, issue=3, pageStart=534, pageEnd=538, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=MANCHANDANI P, THAMLIKITKUI V, DUBROVSKAYA Y, journalName=Clin Pharmacol Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MANCHANDANI P, THAMLIKITKUI V, DUBROVSKAYA Y, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B[J]. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2018, 104(3):534-538., articleTitle=Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896339772358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=9, pageStart=744, pageEnd=748, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ZHANG J, ZHANG S Z, SUN Z, journalName=中国药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, ZHANG S Z, SUN Z, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B in Patients with Sepsis[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2021, 56(9):744-748., articleTitle=Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B in Patients with Sepsis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896440435658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=65, issue=10, pageStart=2231, pageEnd=2237, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ELIAS L S, KONZEN D, KREBS J M, journalName=J Antimicrob Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELIAS L S, KONZEN D, KREBS J M, et al. The impact of polymyxin B dosage on in-hospital mortality of patients treated with this antibiotic[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2010, 65(10):2231-2237., articleTitle=The impact of polymyxin B dosage on in-hospital mortality of patients treated with this antibiotic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896511738829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=524, pageEnd=531, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=SANDRI A M, LANDERSDORFER C B, JACOB J, journalName=Clin Infect Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANDRI A M, LANDERSDORFER C B, JACOB J, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients: implications for selection of dosage regimens[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2013, 57(4):524-531., articleTitle=Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients: implications for selection of dosage regimens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896595624911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=77, issue=1, pageStart=95, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=CHEN W, LIU H, WANG Q, journalName=Eur J Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN W, LIU H, WANG Q, et al. Estimation of the area under concentration-time curve of polymyxin B based on limited sampling concentrations in Chinese patients with severe pneumonia[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2021, 77(1): 95-105., articleTitle=Estimation of the area under concentration-time curve of polymyxin B based on limited sampling concentrations in Chinese patients with severe pneumonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218484896679510995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=187, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ROBERTS J A, JOYNT G M, CHOI G Y, journalName=Int J Antimicrob Agents, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROBERTS J A, JOYNT G M, CHOI G Y, et al. How to optimise antimicrobial prescriptions in the Intensive Care Unit: principles of individualised dosing using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics[J]. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2012, 39(3):187-192., articleTitle=How to optimise antimicrobial prescriptions in the Intensive Care Unit: principles of individualised dosing using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218484895333139344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, awardId=YXKC2021042, language=CN, fundingSource=中青年科技创新杰青人才项目(YXKC2021042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218484895463162773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, awardId=SBGJ202102081, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关省部共建重点项目(SBGJ202102081), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218484895572214684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, awardId=242102311040, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关项目(242102311040), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218484895656100767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, awardId=242300420384, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省自然科学基金项目(242300420384), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218484891436630712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218484891440825017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, companyId=1218484891436630712, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=a. Department of Pharmacy, b. Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218484891449213626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, companyId=1218484891436630712, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=郑州大学第一附属医院,a.药学部;b.神经外科ICU, 郑州 450000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218484894070653783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mean concentration-time plots of plasma PB in patients on day 3. n=16,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=dizIysm40ct/+Uqhx1Rf+Q==, figureFileBig=qfhcoLEqgGr/k7Cqr0SQrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218484894162928477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=CN, label=图1, caption=患者给予多黏菌素B(polymyxin B,PB)第3天的血浆PB平均药时曲线图。n=16,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=dizIysm40ct/+Uqhx1Rf+Q==, figureFileBig=qfhcoLEqgGr/k7Cqr0SQrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218484894326506339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Correlation between the measured and predicted PB-AUC0-12 h values using different models

A-ρ1-ρ6 model; B-ρ1-ρ6-ρ9 model; C-ρ1-ρ3-ρ6-ρ9 model.

, figureFileSmall=lQ8PdUDS67qGUSYx9oGr6g==, figureFileBig=DAo3cC8TOE3A/geZB8+RFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218484894439752555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同回归模型PB-AUC0-12 h实测值与PB-AUC0-12 h预测值相关性

A-ρ1-ρ6模型;B-ρ1-ρ6-ρ9模型;C-ρ1-ρ3-ρ6-ρ9模型。

, figureFileSmall=lQ8PdUDS67qGUSYx9oGr6g==, figureFileBig=DAo3cC8TOE3A/geZB8+RFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218484894557193071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The demographic data and clinical parameters of the enrolled sepsis patients. n=18,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Values
Gender (Male/Female) 12 /6
Age/years 48.78 ±11.55
Body weight/kg 61.11 ±10.76
Urea/mmol·L-1 21.34 ±17.47
Serum creatinine/μmol·L-1 149.83 ±99.18
CLcr/mL·min-1 68.49 ±49.12
ALT/U·L-1 44.00 ±32.31
AST/U·L-1 63.61 ±69.55
Alkaline phosphatase/U·L-1 149.67 ±147.83
Albumin/g·L-1 31.98 ±5.69
), ArticleFig(id=1218484894670439284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

入组脓毒症患者的人口学及实验室数据。n=18,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Values
Gender (Male/Female) 12 /6
Age/years 48.78 ±11.55
Body weight/kg 61.11 ±10.76
Urea/mmol·L-1 21.34 ±17.47
Serum creatinine/μmol·L-1 149.83 ±99.18
CLcr/mL·min-1 68.49 ±49.12
ALT/U·L-1 44.00 ±32.31
AST/U·L-1 63.61 ±69.55
Alkaline phosphatase/U·L-1 149.67 ±147.83
Albumin/g·L-1 31.98 ±5.69
), ArticleFig(id=1218484894863377270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main pharmacokinetic parameters for different PB dosing regimens on day 3. $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters 50 mg PB(n=6) 75 mg PB(n=5) 100 mg PB(n=5) P
AUC0-12 h/mg·h·L-1 21.82 ±7.06 31.22 ±13.18 43.93 ±18.001) 0.048
ρ0/mg·L-1 2.02 ±1.97 1.48 ±0.54 2.54 ±1.75 0.589
ρmax/mg·L-1 5.50 ±4.44 5.68 ±3.17 9.57 ±4.63 0.243
ρ12/mg·L-1 1.28 ±0.69 1.21 ±0.70 2.53 ±1.24 0.060
ρss,av/mg·L-1 1.82 ±0.59 2.60 ±1.10 3.66 ±1.501) 0.048
), ArticleFig(id=1218484894964040570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同PB给药方案在第3天的主要药动学参数。$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters 50 mg PB(n=6) 75 mg PB(n=5) 100 mg PB(n=5) P
AUC0-12 h/mg·h·L-1 21.82 ±7.06 31.22 ±13.18 43.93 ±18.001) 0.048
ρ0/mg·L-1 2.02 ±1.97 1.48 ±0.54 2.54 ±1.75 0.589
ρmax/mg·L-1 5.50 ±4.44 5.68 ±3.17 9.57 ±4.63 0.243
ρ12/mg·L-1 1.28 ±0.69 1.21 ±0.70 2.53 ±1.24 0.060
ρss,av/mg·L-1 1.82 ±0.59 2.60 ±1.10 3.66 ±1.501) 0.048
), ArticleFig(id=1218484895085675392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Regression models for estimation AUC0-12 h of intravenous drip PB by limited sampling strategy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h Equation r2 MPE/%
ρ0 AUC0-12 h=19.28+6.15ρ0 0.376 18.99
ρ0.5 AUC0-12 h=14.77+4.38ρ0.5 0.349 14.60
ρ1 AUC0-12 h=13.63+2.64ρ1 0.545 11.88
ρ2 AUC0-12 h=6.44+6.44ρ2 0.850 5.51
ρ3 AUC0-12 h=2.51+11.66ρ3 0.806 4.47
ρ6 AUC0-12 h=5.29+11.65ρ6 0.871 6.76
ρ9 AUC0-12 h=8.16+11.59ρ9 0.816 7.24
ρ12 AUC0-12 h=12.99+11.36ρ12 0.584 12.69
ρ1-ρ6 AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6 0.953 3.15
ρ1-ρ6-ρ9 AUC0-12 h=1.83+1.25ρ1+5.22ρ6+4.66ρ9 0.977 1.84
ρ1-ρ3-ρ6-ρ9 AUC0-12 h=-0.16+1.22ρ1+3.59ρ3+2.57ρ6+4.27ρ9 0.994 0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1218484895173755778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218290947180385002, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有限采样法估算静脉滴注PB-AUC0-12 h的回归模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h Equation r2 MPE/%
ρ0 AUC0-12 h=19.28+6.15ρ0 0.376 18.99
ρ0.5 AUC0-12 h=14.77+4.38ρ0.5 0.349 14.60
ρ1 AUC0-12 h=13.63+2.64ρ1 0.545 11.88
ρ2 AUC0-12 h=6.44+6.44ρ2 0.850 5.51
ρ3 AUC0-12 h=2.51+11.66ρ3 0.806 4.47
ρ6 AUC0-12 h=5.29+11.65ρ6 0.871 6.76
ρ9 AUC0-12 h=8.16+11.59ρ9 0.816 7.24
ρ12 AUC0-12 h=12.99+11.36ρ12 0.584 12.69
ρ1-ρ6 AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6 0.953 3.15
ρ1-ρ6-ρ9 AUC0-12 h=1.83+1.25ρ1+5.22ρ6+4.66ρ9 0.977 1.84
ρ1-ρ3-ρ6-ρ9 AUC0-12 h=-0.16+1.22ρ1+3.59ρ3+2.57ρ6+4.27ρ9 0.994 0.21
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多黏菌素B在脓毒症患者中的药动学研究
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张俊 a , 周霖 a , 郑天元 a , 罗永刚 b, * , 孙志 a, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(15): 1424-1428
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(15): 1424-1428
多黏菌素B在脓毒症患者中的药动学研究
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张俊a, 周霖a, 郑天元a, 罗永刚b, *, 孙志a, *
作者信息
  • 郑州大学第一附属医院,a.药学部;b.神经外科ICU, 郑州 450000
  • 张俊,女,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学

通讯作者:

* 罗永刚,男,博士,副主任医师 研究方向:重症医学 Tel:(0371)66913423;
孙志,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(0371)66862570
Pharmacokinetics Study of Polymyxin B in Patients with Sepsis
Jun ZHANGa, Lin ZHOUa, Tianyuan ZHENGa, Yonggang LUOb, *, Zhi SUNa, *
Affiliations
  • a. Department of Pharmacy, b. Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
出版时间: 2024-08-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.15.009
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目的 研究多黏菌素B(polymyxin B, PB)在脓毒症患者中的药动学,为该药的临床合理应用提供依据。方法 脓毒症患者静脉给予PB,q12 h,连续给药4剂,分别于各剂给药前及第5剂给药后0.5、1、2、3、6、9、12 h采集血样,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)分析方法测定PB血浆浓度。采用非房室模型方法计算主要的药动学参数,以稀疏血药浓度数据点建立有限采样模型。结果 最终纳入18例患者,PB的主要药动学参数0~24 h血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-24 h)为(63.33±30.88) mg·h·L-1,第5剂给药前血药浓度(ρ0)为(2.01±1.54) mg·L-1,第5剂给药后的峰浓度(ρmax)为(6.90±4.22) mg·L-1,第5剂给药后12 h血药浓度(ρ12)为(1.64±1.04) L·h-1,平均稳态血药浓度(ρss,av)为(2.64±1.29) mg·L-1,第一剂、第二剂、第三剂给药后的谷浓度分别为(3.35±2.50),(2.74±1.60),(1.76±1.10) mg·L-1。推荐2点回归方程为:AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6结论 PB在脓毒症患者体内的药动学参数存在个体差异,首剂给予负荷剂量可很快达到稳态浓度,给药后1、6 h的PB浓度点可用于估算AUC0-24 h,建议监测PB-AUC0-24 h值调整成人脓毒症患者的给药剂量。

多黏菌素B  /  脓毒症  /  药动学  /  有限采样法  /  超高效液相色谱串联质谱

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B (PB) in sepsis patients and to provide evidence for its rational clinical use. METHODS Sepsis patients were given intravenous PB, every 12 h (q12 h), 4 consecutive doses. Blood samples were collected before each dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 h after the fifth dose. The plasma concentrations of PB were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model, and a limited sampling model was established with sparse blood concentration data points. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were included. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of PB were as follows: area under the concentration-time curve for the 24 h exposure after the fifth dose(AUC0-24 h) was (63.33±30.88) mg·h·L-1, plasma concentrations prior to the fifth dose(ρ0) was (2.01±1.54) mg·L-1, post the fifth dose peak plasma concentration(ρmax) was (6.90±4.22) mg·L-1, plasma concentrations of 12 h after the fifth dose(ρ12) was (1.64±1.04) mg·L-1, average steady-state plasma concentration(ρss,av) was (2.64±1.29) mg·L-1, trough concentrations after the first, second and third doses were (3.35±2.50) (2.74±1.60) and (1.76±1.10) mg·L-1, respectively. The recommended two-point regression equation is AUC0-12 h=2.08+1.22ρ1+9.41ρ6. CONCLUSIONS There are individual variabilities in the pharmacokinetic parameters of PB in patients with sepsis. The loading dose of the first dose can reach the steady-state concentration as soon as possible, and the PB concentration point 1,6 h after administration can be used to estimate AUC0-24 h. It is suggested to monitor PB-AUC0-24 h to guide the adjustment of PB dosage in adult patients with sepsis.

polymyxin B  /  sepsis  /  pharmacokinetic  /  limited sampling strategy  /  UHPLC-MS/MS
张俊, 周霖, 郑天元, 罗永刚, 孙志. 多黏菌素B在脓毒症患者中的药动学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (15) : 1424 -1428 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.15.009
Jun ZHANG, Lin ZHOU, Tianyuan ZHENG, Yonggang LUO, Zhi SUN. Pharmacokinetics Study of Polymyxin B in Patients with Sepsis[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (15) : 1424 -1428 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.15.009
多黏菌素B (polymyxin B,PB)是由30多种多肽形成的硫酸盐制剂,以活性形式直接进入血液循环发挥抗菌效果。鉴于其独特的化学结构和作用机制,PB近年来受到广泛关注[1-2]。PB用于多重耐药革兰阴性菌所致的严重感染的治疗,临床通常采用每次50~100 mg,q12 h的治疗模式。目前,关于PB的药动学及临床应用方面的数据较少,其非肾清除机制尚未完全阐明,研究认为PB主要通过非肾途径消除[3]。作为多重耐药革兰阴性菌的最后一道防线[4],PB的临床治疗窗窄,用药剂量与临床疗效及不良反应的发生密切相关,PB在重症患者中的个体化用药显得尤为关键。2019年国际指南共识[5]推荐PB稳态血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUCss,24 h)达到50~100 mg·h·L-1,平均稳态血药浓度(ρss,av)达到2~4 mg·L-1,然而,目前在脓毒症患者中如何计算AUCss,24 h,给药后何时达到AUCssρss,av,以及首剂给予负荷剂量的必要性数据均缺乏,且国内外对PB的药动学研究数据有限[3,6],尤其是在脓毒症患者中数据缺乏。本研究纳入采用PB为基础进行抗感染治疗的脓毒症患者18例,进行PB在脓毒症患者中的药动学特点的研究,并采用有限采样法建立简化的PB-AUC0-24 h计算公式,为PB的临床个体化用药提供参考。
研究对象:在郑州大学第一附属医院ICU病房确诊为多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的脓毒症患者,纳入标准:年龄≥18岁;无PB药物过敏史,接受PB静脉滴注治疗;排除标准:孕妇、接受肾脏替代治疗的患者、接受体外膜肺氧合支持治疗的患者。研究方案获得郑州大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(2019-KY-330),所有患者或家属均签署知情同意书。从电子病历系统获取患者的人口学特征及相关实验室检查数据。药品:PB(上海上药第一生化药业有限公司,规格:每瓶50 IU)。
入组患者给予PB后,从第二剂开始每剂给药前采集谷浓度:第一剂、第二剂、第三剂给药后谷浓度分别为ρ-36ρ-24ρ-12,第五剂给药前及给药后0.5、1、2、3、6、9、12 h即(ρ0ρ0.5ρ1ρ2ρ3ρ6ρ9ρ12)采集血样1~2 mL,置于含乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的抗凝管中,经3 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上层血浆于2 mL的塑料管中,置-80 ℃冰箱中保存,用于PB血药浓度的测定。采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中PB的总浓度即多黏菌素B1(PB1)+多黏菌素B2(PB2)的浓度,色谱柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm),柱温:35 ℃,流动相:A为0.15%的甲酸水,B为乙腈;梯度为: 0~2.0 min,5%~50%B;2.0~5.0 min,50%~90%B;5.0~5.5 min,90%~95%B; 5.5~6.0 min, 95%~5%B;6.0~8 min,5%B,流速为0.30 mL·min-1,质谱检测采用:电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI),ESI+离子模式进行扫描,多离子反应监测,母离子/子离子质荷比为:m/z 402.03/101.12 (PB1),m/z 397.35/101.12 (PB2)和m/z 237.06/194.08 (内标卡马西平),PB1和PB2的线性范围分别为:0.104~13、0.021~3 mg·L-1。方法的专属性、稳定性、回收率、精密度、基质效应等均符合样品检测要求。取离心后的血浆100 μL,加入300 μL含内标卡马西平的乙腈溶液,涡旋混匀5 min,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清5 μL进样[7]。方法学符合生物样品检测要求。
药动学参数采用Pharsight WinNonlin 7.0软件计算,PB药-时曲线下面积(PB-AUC0-12 h)采用线性梯形面积法计算,结果以均数±标准差($\bar{x}±s$)表示,采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析,多组间比较采用ANOVA分析,不同组间比较采用独立样本t检验分析,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行有限采样法模型的拟合,以PB-AUC0-12 h作为因变量,不同时间点PB浓度作为自变量进行逐步多元回归分析,剔除无统计学意义的变量,遴选出调整决定系数(r2)较好的回归模型,用于估算PB-AUC0-12 h,同时考察AUC0-12 h预测值与实测值的相关性,并计算模型的平均预测误差(MPE),见公式1。
MPE(%)= 1 n i = 1 n [(AUC0-12 预测值-AUC0-12 实测值)/AUC0-12 实测值]×100%
本研究共纳入18例患者,所有入组患者的人口学资料见表1
由于入组患者中有2例仅有谷浓度数值,缺少第3天的浓度数据,因此,曲线显示的是16例患者的药-时曲线。入组患者首剂负荷剂量为(100~150 mg),后续分别给予PB:50、75或100 mg,q12 h,给药后第3 d的PB血浆平均药-时曲线见图1,PB在脓毒症患者中的药动学个体间差异较大。
患者分别多次给予PB:入组患者根据首剂给药剂量的不同分为两组:第一组11例,首剂100 mg,第二组7例,首剂150 mg,输注时间均为1 h。入组患者前3剂给药后的谷浓度分别为:ρ-36为(3.35±2.50)mg·L-1ρ-24为(2.74±1.60)mg·L-1ρ-12为(1.76±1.10)mg·L-1。其中2例患者缺少第5剂给药后的浓度点数据,最终16例患者的PB-AUC0-24 h为(63.33±30.88)mg·h·L-1,其中5例患者PB-AUC0-24 h值小于50 mg·h·L-1,2例患者PB-AUC0-24 h值大于100 mg·h·L-1;ρ0为(2.01±1.54)mg·L-1,ρmax为(6.90±4.22)mg·L-1,ρ12为(1.64±1.04)mg·L-1,ρss,av为(2.64±1.29) mg·L-1。根据后续给予PB剂量的不同:50、75或100 mg,q12 h,患者划分为3个维持剂量组,不同给药剂量患者的药动学参数见表2。随着给药剂量的增加ρmax增大,不同剂量组间患者的ρmaxρ0ρ12差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着给药剂量的增大,PB的体内暴露量(AUC0-12 h)增大,50和100 mg剂量组间AUC0-12 h差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016),100 mg剂量组的ρss,av高于50 mg剂量组(P=0.016)。当负荷剂量为150或100 mg时,ρ-36分别为(5.44±2.47)和(2.34±1.50)mg·L-1,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004),首剂给予负荷剂量100或150 mg均可较快达到稳态谷浓度,考虑ICU病房多重耐药菌的常见性及临床用药的有效性,建议临床给予PB时采用负荷剂量,后续参考治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)结果及细菌最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)值选择不同的推荐剂量(50~100 mg)。
采用单一或多个时间点的PB浓度与PB-AUC0-12 h做多元逐步回归分析,选取1~4个时间点样本中r2最佳的回归模型作为优选模型,结果见表3。单个不同时间点血药浓度与AUC0-12 h之间相关性差异较大,任意单点PB浓度与AUC0-12 h之间相关性差,r2值范围为0.349~0.871,经多元逐步回归分析显示,随着纳入时间点的增多,模型预测性能逐步提升,其中2~4个时间点方案中ρ1-ρ6ρ1- ρ6-ρ9ρ1-ρ3-ρ6-ρ9经回归评估均可较好的实现对PB-AUC0-12 h的预测,结果回归模型结果见表3,模型预测结果见图2
脓毒症是由人体对感染的反应,引起危及生命的器官功能障碍,需要迅速识别并选择适当的抗菌药物,以及时控制感染源,药物在脓毒症患者体内的药动学特性常与其他人群存在较大差异,且存在显著的个体间差异,药物的暴露水平是否达标,对脓毒症的及时控制具有重要意义。目前国内尚未全面实现对PB暴露量的有效监控,其临床应用以经验性用药为主,缺乏个体化给药方案,导致对其不良反应难以控制。PB的体内暴露量与临床结局密切相关[8],但在脓毒症患者中如何设置采样策略缺乏相关数据支持。本研究发现不同给药剂量间药-时曲线差异较大,且经剂量矫正后发现ρ0ρmax和AUC0-12 h个体间的变异仍较大,可能与患者的病理生理状态等因素有关。
50和75 mg剂量组在第五剂给药前后的ρ0ρmaxρ12ρss,av、AUC0-12 h参数上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随着给药剂量的增加(100 mg,q12 h)AUC0-12 hρss,av值呈线性增大,与50 mg剂量组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。首剂给予负荷剂量可较快达到稳态暴露量[9],临床给予高剂量(≥200 mg·d-1)可让患者受益[8],在本研究中发现首剂给予负荷剂量150 mg时通过各个时间点谷浓度值比较,发现有明显的蓄积现象,且给予150 mg负荷剂量后的谷浓度值显著高于给予负荷剂量100 mg后的谷浓度值,推测在高剂量(≥150 mg)时,PB在体内的消除可能出现饱和现象,考虑患者用药的安全性及ICU中耐药菌的常见性,推荐临床优选负荷剂量100 mg。
在TDM监测中采用PB-AUC0-24 h以更准确地反映PB的暴露水平,预测其临床疗效和毒性反应的发生。在重症肺炎患者中,PB谷浓度为1.0~2.8 mg·L-1时基本可以达到临床推荐的PB-AUC0-24 h暴露水平[10],本研究发现,在脓毒症患者中不同时间点PB浓度与PB-AUC0-12 h的相关性差(r2<0.9),分析显示2~4个时间点采血方案模型预测能力优于单个浓度点血样,建议根据患者的配合程度选择不同的采样方案,综合考虑临床适用性及经济性,本研究推荐优选ρ1-ρ6的2个采样点方案来估算AUC0-24 h,并在临床治疗中结合细菌的MIC值[11],进一步实现对药动学及药效学的综合评估。
PB在脓毒症患者中的药动学特性存在明显的个体间差异,且脓毒症患者影响药物药动学过程的因素较多,后续研究需通过进一步扩大样本量,寻找脓毒症患者疾病状态及病理生理指标等对药动学参数的影响,借助贝叶斯反馈法实现对AUC的估算。虽然本研究中不同剂量组患者的不同时间点的谷浓度均值均>1.0 mg·L-1,但个体间差异均较大,因此不建议以单个浓度点值作为预测PB临床疗效的唯一标准,建议采用2个浓度点数据常规监测PB-AUC0-12 h以指导PB的临床脓毒症患者的个体化用药。不能对所有脓毒症患者均采取固定剂量、单一的给药模式,建议根据PB-AUC0-24 h监测结果及细菌的MIC值,及时调整临床用药方案,以期减少药物不良反应及临床耐药的发生。
  • 中青年科技创新杰青人才项目(YXKC2021042)
  • 河南省医学科技攻关省部共建重点项目(SBGJ202102081)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(242102311040)
  • 河南省自然科学基金项目(242300420384)
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TSUJI B T, POGUE J M, ZAVASCKI A P, et al. International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP)[J]. Pharmacotherapy, 2019, 39(1):10-39.
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2024年第59卷第15期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.15.009
  • 接收时间:2023-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-08-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-24
基金
中青年科技创新杰青人才项目(YXKC2021042)
河南省医学科技攻关省部共建重点项目(SBGJ202102081)
河南省科技攻关项目(242102311040)
河南省自然科学基金项目(242300420384)
作者信息
    郑州大学第一附属医院,a.药学部;b.神经外科ICU, 郑州 450000

通讯作者:

* 罗永刚,男,博士,副主任医师 研究方向:重症医学 Tel:(0371)66913423;
孙志,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(0371)66862570
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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