Article(id=1212693342509519110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)20-1948-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.20.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695225600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058223607, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1729526400000, pubDateStr=2024-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058223607, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058223607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058223607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212693337426018913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='20', pageStart='1881', pageEnd='1984', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058222394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767059439376, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212698441885602499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212698441889796804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1948, endPage=1955, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212693342857646357, articleId=1212693342509519110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation, Characterization and in Vitro Release of Scoparone PLGA Microspheres, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare and characterize scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres. METHODS Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres were constructed by a O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.Their surface morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres were the main evaluation indexes. Based on single factor experiment,the optimum preparation conditions of PLGA microspheres were obtained through central composite design. RESULTS Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres were light yellow powder and spherical in shape with smooth surface with size 2.94 μm.Scoprone was loaded into PLGA microspheres with drug loading(4.28%)and encapsulation efficiency(47.03%). CONCLUSION Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres are constructed successfully. The particle size of microspheres meets the requirements of intraocular vitreous cavity injection, and has good slow-release performance under simulated in vitro environment. The preparation method is accurate and reliable, and can provide a new dosage form for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

, correspAuthors=Weiping XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meng MENG, Hao WANG, Qinqin XIE, Jiajia LIU, Weiping XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212693344204018006, articleId=1212693342509519110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的制备、表征及体外释药研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备滨蒿内酯聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球并优化其工艺,进行表征。方法 采用水包油(O/W)乳化溶剂挥发法制备滨蒿内酯PLGA微球,以微球表面形态、包封率、载药量为主要评价指标。在单因素试验基础上,通过星点设计优化处方,得到滨蒿内酯PLGA微球最佳制备条件,对所制备的微球进行表征分析。结果 滨蒿内酯PLGA微球呈淡黄色粉末状,球形表面光滑圆整,平均粒径为2.94 μm。以无定形状态负载在PLGA微球中,载药量为4.28%,包封率为47.03%。结论 成功制得滨蒿内酯PLGA微球,粒径大小符合眼玻璃体腔注射要求,在模拟体外环境下,具有良好的缓释性能。该制备方法准确可靠,可为糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗提供新剂型。

, correspAuthors=徐维平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 徐维平,男,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究 Tel:(0551)62283106
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孟梦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究

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孟梦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究

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孟梦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316029260478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PLGA质量浓度、PVA质量浓度、水油比对滨蒿内酯PLGA微球载药量的影响, figureFileSmall=pF5gmuzTLgNR9xiBNUpTrA==, figureFileBig=G7ofdcJ0aupw7gs0D/uiOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316108952257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scanning micrographs of SCOP-PLGA-MS, figureFileSmall=TssOcctOYjTDYl63MaqD1Q==, figureFileBig=BiDDDQh0cHj8ftUgOScdRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316188644036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=图3, caption=滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的透射电镜(SEM)图, figureFileSmall=TssOcctOYjTDYl63MaqD1Q==, figureFileBig=BiDDDQh0cHj8ftUgOScdRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316318667464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Differential calorimetric scan of scoprone, PLGA, physical mixture, SCOP-PLGA-MS, figureFileSmall=E0nUKKFKbMd6RgcJpgH8ew==, figureFileBig=vpXBm+m7y+JVHdhr1sDu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316394164941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=图4, caption=滨蒿内酯、PLGA、物理混合物、滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的差示量热扫描图, figureFileSmall=E0nUKKFKbMd6RgcJpgH8ew==, figureFileBig=vpXBm+m7y+JVHdhr1sDu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316469662416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=In vitro release curves of scoprone and SCOP-PLGA-MS, figureFileSmall=pGdOs1oxRpNaTGzECGISsw==, figureFileBig=7LZUJ7LyeFCmvn3vmtmSLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316582908628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=图5, caption=滨蒿内酯与滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的体外释放曲线, figureFileSmall=pGdOs1oxRpNaTGzECGISsw==, figureFileBig=7LZUJ7LyeFCmvn3vmtmSLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799316679377625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Effects of different PVA concentrations on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(PVA)
/mg·mL-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
5 Uneven size,adhesion 27.12 2.47
10 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.25 2.48
15 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.23 2.27
20 Uneven size 21.93 1.99
30 Surface holes, uneven size 20.75 1.89
), ArticleFig(id=1212799316796818139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(PVA)
/mg·mL-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
5 Uneven size,adhesion 27.12 2.47
10 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.25 2.48
15 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.23 2.27
20 Uneven size 21.93 1.99
30 Surface holes, uneven size 20.75 1.89
), ArticleFig(id=1212799316939424478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effects of different oil-water ratio on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil-water
ratio
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
1 ∶6 Spherical rounding,uneven size 31.88 2.90
1 ∶8 Spherical rounding,uneven size 31.68 2.88
1 ∶10 Spherical rounding,equal size 26.23 2.38
1 ∶12 Spherical rounding,equal size 25.67 2.33
1 ∶14 Spherical fracture 19.96 1.81
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317073642213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同油水比对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil-water
ratio
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
1 ∶6 Spherical rounding,uneven size 31.88 2.90
1 ∶8 Spherical rounding,uneven size 31.68 2.88
1 ∶10 Spherical rounding,equal size 26.23 2.38
1 ∶12 Spherical rounding,equal size 25.67 2.33
1 ∶14 Spherical fracture 19.96 1.81
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317212054248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effects of different PLGA concentrations on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(PLGA)
/mg·mL-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
40 Uneven size,adhesion 16.60 1.51
60 Spherical rounding,equal size 28.34 2.58
80 Spherical rounding,equal size 33.15 3.01
100 Sphericalrounding,equal size 39.08 3.55
120 Minor adhesion 39.41 3.58
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317321106156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)质量浓度对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(PLGA)
/mg·mL-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
40 Uneven size,adhesion 16.60 1.51
60 Spherical rounding,equal size 28.34 2.58
80 Spherical rounding,equal size 33.15 3.01
100 Sphericalrounding,equal size 39.08 3.55
120 Minor adhesion 39.41 3.58
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317425963761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Effects of different drug load ratio on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug load of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug-load
ratio
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
1 ∶4 Spherical rounding,uneven size 34.71 6.92
1 ∶6 Spherical rounding,uneven size 30.67 4.38
1 ∶8 Minor adhesion 30.11 3.35
1 ∶10 Spherical rounding,equal size 29.12 2.65
1 ∶12 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.10 1.85
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317518238451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同药载比对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drug-load
ratio
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
1 ∶4 Spherical rounding,uneven size 34.71 6.92
1 ∶6 Spherical rounding,uneven size 30.67 4.38
1 ∶8 Minor adhesion 30.11 3.35
1 ∶10 Spherical rounding,equal size 29.12 2.65
1 ∶12 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.10 1.85
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317610513143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Effect of different emulsifying speed on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Emulsification
speed/r·min-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
2 200 Minor adhesion 27.66 2.51
2 300 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.91 2.58
2 400 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.64 2.51
2 500 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.16 2.20
2 600 Spherical rounding,equal size 22.45 2.04
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317706982138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同乳化转速对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Emulsification
speed/r·min-1
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
2 200 Minor adhesion 27.66 2.51
2 300 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.91 2.58
2 400 Spherical rounding,equal size 27.64 2.51
2 500 Spherical rounding,equal size 24.16 2.20
2 600 Spherical rounding,equal size 22.45 2.04
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317849588477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Effect of different emulsification time on morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Emulsification
time/min
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
3 Spherical rounding,equal size 38.89 3.54
5 Minor adhesion 34.96 3.18
10 Minor adhesion 31.40 2.85
15 Minor adhesion 29.65 2.69
20 Uneven size 32.86 2.98
), ArticleFig(id=1212799317937668864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同乳化时间对微球形态、包封率及载药量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Emulsification
time/min
Microsphere
morphology
Encapsulation
efficiency/%
Drug
loading/%
3 Spherical rounding,equal size 38.89 3.54
5 Minor adhesion 34.96 3.18
10 Minor adhesion 31.40 2.85
15 Minor adhesion 29.65 2.69
20 Uneven size 32.86 2.98
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318084469508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Factor level of central point design-response surface method for the preparation prescription of SCOP-PLGA-MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level A/mg·mL-1 B/mg·mL-1 C
-1 5 60 8
0 10 80 10
1 15 100 12
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318172549898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

滨蒿内酯PLGA微球制备处方星点设计因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level A/mg·mL-1 B/mg·mL-1 C
-1 5 60 8
0 10 80 10
1 15 100 12
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318310961935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Central composite design and results of SCOP-PLGA-MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number A/mg·mL-1 B/mg·mL-1 C R1/% R2/%
1 10 100 8 41.96 3.81
2 15 80 8 36.14 3.32
3 5 100 10 38.52 3.50
4 10 60 8 38.19 3.47
5 10 80 10 30.61 2.78
6 10 60 12 26.10 2.37
7 5 60 10 33.12 3.01
8 5 80 12 28.66 2.61
9 5 80 8 34.53 3.14
10 15 60 10 26.51 2.41
11 10 80 10 30.29 2.75
12 10 100 12 41.25 3.75
13 10 80 10 29.68 2.70
14 10 80 10 31.23 2.84
15 10 80 10 29.06 2.64
16 15 80 12 29.71 2.70
17 15 100 10 42.66 3.88
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318411625237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

滨蒿内酯PLGA微球星点设计实验与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number A/mg·mL-1 B/mg·mL-1 C R1/% R2/%
1 10 100 8 41.96 3.81
2 15 80 8 36.14 3.32
3 5 100 10 38.52 3.50
4 10 60 8 38.19 3.47
5 10 80 10 30.61 2.78
6 10 60 12 26.10 2.37
7 5 60 10 33.12 3.01
8 5 80 12 28.66 2.61
9 5 80 8 34.53 3.14
10 15 60 10 26.51 2.41
11 10 80 10 30.29 2.75
12 10 100 12 41.25 3.75
13 10 80 10 29.68 2.70
14 10 80 10 31.23 2.84
15 10 80 10 29.06 2.64
16 15 80 12 29.71 2.70
17 15 100 10 42.66 3.88
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318512288536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Experimental results of preparation prescription of SCOP-PLGA-MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number ρ(PVA)
/mg·mL-1
ρ(PLGA)
/mg·mL-1
Water-oil
ratio
Drug loading/% Encapsulation efficiency/%
Predicted
value
Measured
value
Deviation Predicted
value
Measured
value
Deviation
1-1 14.7 97.5 8.02 3.96 4.06 2.53 43.31 44.69 3.19
1-2 14.7 97.5 8.02 4.05 2.27 44.59 2.96
1-3 14.7 97.5 8.02 4.10 3.54 45.05 4.01
2-1 15 100 10.00 3.91 3.97 1.53 42.97 43.62 1.51
2-2 15 100 10.00 3.99 2.05 43.88 2.12
2-3 15 100 10.00 3.92 0.26 43.07 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318587786012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

滨蒿内酯PLGA微球制备处方验证实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number ρ(PVA)
/mg·mL-1
ρ(PLGA)
/mg·mL-1
Water-oil
ratio
Drug loading/% Encapsulation efficiency/%
Predicted
value
Measured
value
Deviation Predicted
value
Measured
value
Deviation
1-1 14.7 97.5 8.02 3.96 4.06 2.53 43.31 44.69 3.19
1-2 14.7 97.5 8.02 4.05 2.27 44.59 2.96
1-3 14.7 97.5 8.02 4.10 3.54 45.05 4.01
2-1 15 100 10.00 3.91 3.97 1.53 42.97 43.62 1.51
2-2 15 100 10.00 3.99 2.05 43.88 2.12
2-3 15 100 10.00 3.92 0.26 43.07 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318726198048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

In vitro release equation fitting results of SCOP-PLGA-MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Fitted equation r2
Zero order kinetics Q=0.14t+22.32 0.58
First order kinetics Q=60.10(1-e-0.07t) 0.96
Higuchi Q=3.33t1/2+12.46 0.83
Retiger-Peppas Q=13.91t0.28 0.93
), ArticleFig(id=1212799318805889830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693342509519110, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

滨蒿内酯PLGA微球体外释放拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model Fitted equation r2
Zero order kinetics Q=0.14t+22.32 0.58
First order kinetics Q=60.10(1-e-0.07t) 0.96
Higuchi Q=3.33t1/2+12.46 0.83
Retiger-Peppas Q=13.91t0.28 0.93
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滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的制备、表征及体外释药研究
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孟梦 1 , 王浩 1 , 谢芹芹 1 , 刘家佳 2, 3 , 徐维平 1, 2, 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(20): 1948-1955
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(20): 1948-1955
滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的制备、表征及体外释药研究
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孟梦1, 王浩1, 谢芹芹1, 刘家佳2, 3, 徐维平1, 2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 安徽中医药大学药学院, 合肥 230012
  • 2 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院) 老年病研究所, 合肥 230001
  • 3 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院) 眼科, 合肥 230001
  • 4 肿瘤免疫与营养治疗安徽省重点实验室, 合肥 230001
  • 孟梦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究

通讯作者:

* 徐维平,男,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究 Tel:(0551)62283106
Preparation, Characterization and in Vitro Release of Scoparone PLGA Microspheres
Meng MENG1, Hao WANG1, Qinqin XIE1, Jiajia LIU2, 3, Weiping XU1, 2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
  • 2 Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
  • 3 Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Nutritional Therapy of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
出版时间: 2024-10-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.009
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目的 制备滨蒿内酯聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球并优化其工艺,进行表征。方法 采用水包油(O/W)乳化溶剂挥发法制备滨蒿内酯PLGA微球,以微球表面形态、包封率、载药量为主要评价指标。在单因素试验基础上,通过星点设计优化处方,得到滨蒿内酯PLGA微球最佳制备条件,对所制备的微球进行表征分析。结果 滨蒿内酯PLGA微球呈淡黄色粉末状,球形表面光滑圆整,平均粒径为2.94 μm。以无定形状态负载在PLGA微球中,载药量为4.28%,包封率为47.03%。结论 成功制得滨蒿内酯PLGA微球,粒径大小符合眼玻璃体腔注射要求,在模拟体外环境下,具有良好的缓释性能。该制备方法准确可靠,可为糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗提供新剂型。

滨蒿内酯  /  缓释微球  /  乳化溶剂挥发法  /  聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物  /  星点设计-响应面优化法

OBJECTIVE To prepare and characterize scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres. METHODS Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres were constructed by a O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.Their surface morphology, encapsulation rate and drug loading of microspheres were the main evaluation indexes. Based on single factor experiment,the optimum preparation conditions of PLGA microspheres were obtained through central composite design. RESULTS Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres were light yellow powder and spherical in shape with smooth surface with size 2.94 μm.Scoprone was loaded into PLGA microspheres with drug loading(4.28%)and encapsulation efficiency(47.03%). CONCLUSION Scoprone-loaded PLGA microspheres are constructed successfully. The particle size of microspheres meets the requirements of intraocular vitreous cavity injection, and has good slow-release performance under simulated in vitro environment. The preparation method is accurate and reliable, and can provide a new dosage form for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

scoparone  /  slow-release microsphere  /  emulsion solvent volatilization  /  polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer  /  central compositedesign and response surface methodology
孟梦, 王浩, 谢芹芹, 刘家佳, 徐维平. 滨蒿内酯PLGA微球的制备、表征及体外释药研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (20) : 1948 -1955 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.009
Meng MENG, Hao WANG, Qinqin XIE, Jiajia LIU, Weiping XU. Preparation, Characterization and in Vitro Release of Scoparone PLGA Microspheres[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (20) : 1948 -1955 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.009
糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病微血管病变的主要并发症之一[1]。目前,糖尿病视网膜病变已成为糖尿病患者永久性视力丧失的主要原因[2],由于DR导致的致盲率日益升高,DR已成为广泛关注的公共卫生问题。目前临床上治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的常用方法有全视网膜激光光凝、玻璃体切除术、玻璃体注射抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物等[3]。滨蒿内酯(scoparone,scop),又称6,7-二甲氧基香豆素[4],属于香豆素类化合物,多存在于石斛、茵陈等天然药物中,其相对分子质量小,化学结构简单。研究发现滨蒿内酯具有抗炎,抗氧化[5]、降血脂[6] 、抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤[7]等药理活性,可改善眼部微循环,增加视网膜血流量,滨蒿内酯可能成为延缓糖尿病视网膜病变发生与发展的新药物。
眼球的生理结构复杂,具有血-视网膜、血-房水生理屏障,全身给药后,药物在眼部组织的生物利用度较低,因此眼后段疾病的药物治疗是目前眼科用药急需解决的关键问题。临床上以滨蒿内酯为主要有效成分的制剂为脉络宁静脉注射液[8],可在一定程度上延缓糖尿病视网膜病变的发生和发展,但静脉滴注[9]给药方式经全身循环到达眼后段组织的药量很少,并且药效维持时间较短。因此开发新的剂型对于治疗眼后段疾病有着重要意义。目前,眼后段疾病常采用的治疗方式是玻璃体腔注射或眼周注射,眼内注射可将药物直接注射到眼后组织,克服血-视网膜、脉络膜、巩膜等复杂的生理屏障而达到治疗效果[9]。与全身给药相比,眼内注射给药可获得较好的有效药物浓度,并且可以降低药物全身用药的不良反应[10]。大部分眼后段疾病例如糖尿病性黄斑水肿、老年性黄斑变性、视网膜静脉阻塞等需要进行多次玻璃体腔注射,可能导致眼内出血、眼部炎症、眼压升高和视网膜脱离等风险[11],导致患者顺应性差[12]。缓释型药械组合可减少玻璃体腔的注射频率、延长注射周期,已成为许多研究者的关注重点。其中具有缓释作用的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer,PLGA)微球的制备与研发是当下的研究热点。
微球(microsphere,MS)是指药物分散或溶解在高分子材料中,形成尺寸为微米级骨架型的球形或类球形的实体,常见粒径一般在1~250 μm[13]。在缓释制剂中,微球制备方法多、存储稳定、粒径可控,对特定器官和组织具有靶向性及缓释性等优势[14]。PLGA是乳酸和乙醇酸聚合而成的高分子聚合物,具有生物相容性好、生物降解性高、低毒等特点[15]。目前,PLGA是唯一被美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)和欧洲药品管理局(EMA)批准用于治疗的高分子聚合物材料[16]。PLGA缓释微球可实现长期药物作用,可降低血药浓度波动。因此,本研究选择PLGA作为载体材料进行微球的制备,对需长期频繁治疗的眼后段疾病有着重要意义。微球的传统制备方法主要有乳化溶剂挥发法[17-19]、相分离法和喷雾干燥法,其中乳化溶剂挥发法是制备微球的常用方法,其制备工艺相对简单、易于控制。因此本研究以滨蒿内酯为模型药物,根据滨蒿内酯的理化性质以及课题组前期预实验结果,使用水包油(O/W)乳化溶剂挥发法制备玻璃体腔注射用滨蒿内酯PLGA微球(SCOP-PLGA-MS),作为DR的新型治疗药物。通过单因素试验筛选影响制备的主要处方工艺因素,采用星点设计对其进一步优化,最后通过一系列物相表征对所制备的微球进行评价。后续将展开细胞实验及动物实验进一步研究其安全性和有效性。旨在提高药物在局部组织生物利用度的同时减少给药频次,提高患者用药顺应性,为糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗提供新的给药系统。
DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司)、粒径测定仪(英国马尔文公司)、扫描电镜(广东省中科进出口有限公司)、差示扫描量热仪(德国耐驰DSC214POiyma公司)、高效液相色谱仪(美国赛默飞Ultimate 3000公司)。
滨蒿内酯(HPLC≥98%,南京本草益康生物科技有限公司,批号:025-69790911);PLGA(50∶50,相对分子质量:20 000,济南岱罡生物工程有限公司);聚乙烯醇(PVA,相对分子质量13 000~23 000,醇解度87%~89%,sigma公司)。
对照品溶液的配制:精密称取滨蒿内酯标准品5 mg于25 mL量瓶中,加甲醇定容至刻度线,超声溶解,得200 μg·mL-1滨蒿内酯母液,保存备用。
供试品溶液的配制:精密称取适量滨蒿内酯PLGA微球置于10 mL量瓶中,加0.5 mL二氯甲烷,超声溶解,加甲醇定容至刻度线,摇匀,得滨蒿内酯微球溶液,保存备用。
空白微球溶液的配制:精密称取适量空白微球置于10 mL量瓶,加0.5 mL二氯甲烷,超声溶解,用甲醇定容至刻度线,摇匀,得空白微球溶液,保存备用。
色谱柱:Hypersil ODS2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);检测波长:339 nm;流动相:甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(体积比40∶60);柱温:25 ℃;流速:1 mL·min-1;进样量:10 μL。
分别取一定量滨蒿内酯对照品溶液置于10 mL量瓶中,用甲醇稀释至刻度线,分别为2、4、8、12、16、20、24 μg·mL-1,按“2.1.2”项下进样测定,以质量浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,进行线性拟合,绘制标准曲线,即得回归方程为Y=0.543 5ρ-0.062 6,r2=0.999 7,2~24 μg·mL-1内,该方法线性关系良好。
配制低(3 μg·mL-1)、中(6 μg·mL-1)、高(12 μg·mL-1)3个质量浓度的滨蒿内酯对照品溶液,超声溶解,按“2.1.2”项下进样测定,分别在1 d内测定5次,连续测定5 d,记录色谱峰面积,计算日内、日间精密度,日内精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)值为0.38%,日间精密度RSD为0.76%,符合方法学测定要求。
称取3份适量空白微球于离心管中,分别精密量取滨蒿内酯母液0.2、0.4、0.6 mL,加二氯甲烷,超声溶解,加甲醇定容,摇匀,按“2.1.2”项下进样测定,记录峰面积,计算回收率,分别为102.10%、99.52%、100.91%,符合测定要求。
称取适量载药微球,按照“2.1.1”项下供试品溶液的方法处理,置于室温条件下,分别于0、2、4、6、8、12 h进样测定,记录峰面积,其RSD为0.24%,说明由该方法处理的滨蒿内酯微球溶液在室温下稳定性良好。
精密称取载药微球5 mg于离心管中,加二氯甲烷,超声破碎微球,甲醇,涡旋10 min,10 000 r·min-1离心,取上清液,用甲醇稀释定容至量瓶中,进样测定,计算溶液中药物含量。
称取PVA置于烧杯中,放入搅拌子,加去离子水适量,90 ℃水浴搅拌溶解6 h,滤膜过滤,即得水相。
称取适量的PLGA和滨蒿内酯置于EP管中,量取二氯甲烷加入管中,超声溶解,即得油相。将油相滴注于水相中,快速乳化搅拌制得O/W型乳剂,降低转速,固化4 h,静置,滤膜抽滤,去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,收集滨蒿内酯PLGA微球。
考察不同PVA质量浓度(5、10、15、20、30 mg·mL-1)对微球表面形态、包封率、载药量的影响。结果见表1,PVA质量浓度增大,微球的包封率和载药量降低,可能是由于PVA质量浓度增大,药物在水相中的溶解度增大,导致药物向外水相泄漏增加,包封率降低。因此将PVA质量浓度暂定为5、10、15 mg·mL-1
考察油水体积比(1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶14)对微球表面形态、包封率、载药量的影响。结果见表2,油水体积比为1∶6时,所得微球表面团聚、粘连,难以收集。随着油水体积比的减小,其包封率和载药量逐渐减小,可能是由于药物在外水相中的溶解增加而导致的。因此,将油水比暂定为1∶8、1∶10、1∶12。
考察不同PLGA质量浓度(40、60、80、100、120 mg·mL-1)对微球形态、包封率、载药量的影响。结果见表3,随着PLGA质量浓度增大,其包封率和载药量增大,可能是由于PLGA质量浓度增大,使药物与水相接触减少,药物损失减少。但PLGA质量浓度为120 mg·mL-1时,由于浓度过大,使微球粘连以及材料析出,导致材料的浪费,因此将PLGA质量浓度暂定60、80、100 mg·mL-1
考察不同药载比(1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12)对微球形态、包封率、载药量的影响。结果见表4,随着药物与载体比例的减小,其包封率和载药量逐渐减小,当药载比较大时,材料载药超负荷,可能导致药物析出,药物利用率降低;当药载比较小时,囊材利用率低,载药量过低,综合考虑,将药载比定为1∶10。
考察不同转速(2 200、2 300、2 400、2 500、2 600 r·min-1)对微球形态、载药量、包封率的影响。结果见表5,随着乳化转速的增大,其包封率和载药量减小,当乳化转速过大时,液体飞溅在杯壁上,同时增加了药物在外水相中的溶解度,因此将乳化转速定为2 300 r·min-1
考察不同乳化时间(3、5、10、15、20 min)对微球形态、包封率、载药量的影响。结果见表6,随着乳化时间的延长,其包封率和载药量整体呈减小的趋势,可能是由于乳化时间的延长,增加药物进入水相的机会,乳化3 min时微球形态大小均一,呈球形较好,因此将乳化时间定为3 min。
根据单因素试验考察,控制影响较小或可确定因素在较优水平。结果表明PVA质量浓度、水油比、PLGA质量浓度对微球形态及包封率、载药量有显著影响,因此以下实验通过星点设计考察PVA质量浓度、水油比、PLGA质量浓度对滨蒿内酯PLGA微球包封率、载药量的影响,以获得滨蒿内酯PLGA微球最佳制备条件。
依据响应面设计原理,选择PVA质量浓度(A)、PLGA质量浓度(B)、水油比(C)为因素,以包封率(R1)和载药量(R2)作为响应值,进行实验设计。因素水平表,见表7。三因素三水平的17组实验顺序由Design-expert软件随机给出,结果见表8
使用Design-expert软件对各因素和指标进行二项式拟合,数学模型如下:
包封率=30.17+0.024×A+5.06×B-3.14×C+2.69×A×B-0.14×A×C+2.84×B×C+0.21×A2+4.82×B2+1.88×C2(r=0.985 1,P<0.01)
载药量=2.74+0.0063×A+0.46×B-0.29×C+0.24×A×B-0.02×A×C+0.26×B×C+0.03×A2+0.43×B2+0.18×C2(r=0.984 5,P<0.01)
可知,模型拟合程度较好(r>0.9),拟合方程有显著性(P<0.01),可采用该方程对包封率和载药量进行预测。
滨蒿内酯PLGA微球最佳制备条件,PLGA质量浓度90~100 mg·mL-1、PVA质量浓度10~15 mg·mL-1、水油比8~10,见图1~2
根据实验结果筛选出的较优滨蒿内酯PLGA微球制备条件以及考虑实际可操作性,选择两种最优处方制备滨蒿内酯PLGA微球,每种方法平行制备3批,计算实测值与预测值的偏差(%)=(预测值-实测值)/预测值×100%。结果见表9,处方二偏差较小,制备的微球形态光滑圆整,包封率和载药量符合本研究预期。
取适量载药微球于样品台,经喷金处理,置于扫描电镜下观察微球表面形态,结果见图3。滨蒿内酯PLGA微球成球性好,球表面较光滑圆整,个别微球表面有凹陷,可能是由于制备过程中有机溶剂的挥发所导致的。
取适量载药微球,将其超声分散于体积分数0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液中,置于样品池中,马尔文激光粒径测定仪测定滨蒿内酯PLGA微球平均粒径,结果显示滨蒿内酯PLGA微球平均粒径为2.94 μm。
分别称取5 mg样品(滨蒿内酯原药、PLGA、滨蒿内酯原药和PLGA物理混合物、滨蒿内酯PLGA微球)置于坩埚中,置于仪器中进行热分析,在氮气气体环境下, 10 ℃·min-1升温,温度范围设为25~200 ℃。结果见图4,PLGA聚合物在40 ℃显示出一个放热峰,145 ℃时滨蒿内酯表现出一个尖锐的放热峰,在滨蒿内酯与PLGA物理混合物DSC曲线中,放热峰发生了细微的偏移。在载药微球DSC曲线中,PLGA放热峰仍然存在,而药物峰消失,表明滨蒿内酯可能以无定形状态或分子状态分散在聚合物中,药物和制备方法对聚合物热性能基本没影响。
精密称取滨蒿内酯2 mg,优化后的滨蒿内酯PLGA微球(相当于含药2 mg),置于处理后的透析袋(含1 mL释放介质)中,释放介质为0.9%生理盐水,将袋两端用细绳系紧,将透析袋放入含25 mL释放介质的具塞三角瓶中,平行操作3份,置于恒温摇床中[温度(37±1)℃,转速100 r·min-1],分别于0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、10、12、24、48、72、96、144、240、336、480 h定时吸取1 mL透析液,并及时补加新鲜等量同温介质,进样测定,计算药物累积释放量,得体外释药曲线见图5
图5可知,滨蒿内酯的Q4 h为96.21%,基本释放完全,SCOP-PLGA-MS的Q2h为12.32%,可知SCOP-PLGA-MS的前期释放无明显突释现象,Q480 h为69.20%,逐渐缓慢释放,表明所制备的载药微球与原药相比具有显著的缓释性能。方程拟合结果见表10,结果表明,SCOP-PLGA-MS的体外释放方程拟合程度依次为一级动力学>Retiger-Peppas>Higuchi>零级动力学,SCOP-PLGA-MS更加符合一级动力学方程。
近年来,在眼后段疾病治疗方面,新型缓释给药系统相对传统给药系统已表现出更大的优势。糖尿病视网膜病变作为糖尿病患者最常见的眼后段血管新生并发症,若不及时防治,最终会导致患者失明。玻璃体腔注射作为该类疾病的主要治疗手段,频繁地注射不仅会给患者带来不便,还可能会增加其他病变的发生如玻璃体出血、角膜炎等,因此研究新型给药系统对治疗眼后段疾病有着重要意义。随着高分子材料在医药领域中的广泛应用,新的缓释剂型也不断涌现。其中PLGA是乳酸和羟基乙酸随机合成的高分子共聚物,因其具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性,能够改善药物的溶解性,增加药物的作用时间,因此本研究将PLGA作为包载药物的首选材料。
根据滨蒿内酯难溶于水的性质,本研究选择常用的O/W乳化溶剂挥发法进行微球的制备。本研究通过预试验对50∶50和75∶25两种不同比例PLGA进行考察,发现PLGA(50∶50)相对于PLGA(75∶25)所制备微球的包封率和载药量较高,且粒径较小,因此本研究选择PLGA(50∶50)作为本实验的载体材料。预实验中选择了PVA和聚山梨酯80作为制备微球的乳化剂,发现使用聚山梨酯80作为乳化剂,在光学显微镜下观察的微球成球率低、黏聚成团,且包封率低。然而使用PVA所制备出的微球成球率高,在光学显微镜下能够观察到许多分散、圆整的球状实体,因此选择PVA作为后续实验的乳化剂。本研究通过前期实验发现所制备的滨蒿内酯PLGA微球粒径没有显著的规律,但粒径大小都控制在符合眼玻璃体腔注射要求范围内(眼用微球粒径一般大于1 μm,但不宜超过10 μm,避免粒径过大造成眼部不适),因此本研究选择微球表面形态,包封率及载药量作为主要评价指标。通过单因素试验及星点设计优化确定主要制备工艺处方条件,考察了涡旋和超声2种乳化方式制备微球,均不易控制微球的形成,因此本实验选择磁力搅拌的方式进行初乳的制备。前期通过考察温度对制备微球的影响,发现温度过高时,PLGA出现玻璃化状态,所制备出的微球黏聚硬化,难以收集微球,因此选择25 ℃作为制备温度。通过考察不同转速对微球的影响,发现转速低于2 000 r·min-1时,在烧杯底部可见乳白色絮状物,当速度较大时,溶液易溅至杯壁或杯外,导致包封率、产率均降低,最终选择2 300 r·min-1作为本实验转速。通过考察微球固化时间对微球的影响,发现固化时间低于4 h时,溶液黏稠难以抽滤,成球率低,固化时间过长,微球表面出现较多的孔洞,且有较多破碎的微球,因此选择4 h作为固化时间。本研究发现通过优化后的滨蒿内酯PLGA微球仍没有较高的包封率,于是在抽滤分离时,取适量PVA水溶液,在相同条件下进样检测,发现在药物出峰时间有明显的药物吸收峰,结果说明可能有部分药物溶解在PVA水溶液中。前期通过预实验测试滨蒿内酯分别在pH值为7.4的PBS溶液、去离子水、0.9%生理盐水中的平衡溶解度,发现滨蒿内酯在0.9%生理盐水中溶解度最大,因此选择0.9%生理盐水作为释放介质。从微球体外释放曲线中可看出微球在第一天有明显的突释作用,可能是由于吸附在微球表面或包埋浅层中的药物分子快速溶解和扩散,但scop半衰期短,在体内分布迅速,不易出现蓄积中毒,这对药物快速起效有一定作用。目前将本研究所制备的滨蒿内酯PLGA微球进行了细胞毒性实验,实验结果表明其在一定浓度范围内对细胞没有明显的毒性作用,后续将其放大到动物实验中,进一步研究药物动力学特性以及安全性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(52072360)
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2024年第59卷第20期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.009
  • 接收时间:2023-09-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-21
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(52072360)
作者信息
    1 安徽中医药大学药学院, 合肥 230012
    2 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院) 老年病研究所, 合肥 230001
    3 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院) 眼科, 合肥 230001
    4 肿瘤免疫与营养治疗安徽省重点实验室, 合肥 230001

通讯作者:

* 徐维平,男,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制剂新技术新剂型研究 Tel:(0551)62283106
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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