Article(id=1212693339611251333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)20-1931-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.20.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1688659200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058222915, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1729526400000, pubDateStr=2024-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058222915, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058222915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058222915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212693337426018913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='20', pageStart='1881', pageEnd='1984', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058222394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767059439376, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212698441885602499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212698441889796804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693337426018913, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1931, endPage=1938, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212693339950989971, articleId=1212693339611251333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Molecular Mechanism of Accumulation of Jatrorrhizine in Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) During Dedifferentiation Based on Transcriptome Analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a callus culture system for dedifferentiation of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) in order to screen the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of jatrorrhizine. METHODS The contents of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in callus at different dedifferentiation stages were determined by HPLC. Transcriptome was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of callus at different dedifferentiation processes and identify the differentially expressed genes. By analyzing the relationship between the variation of alkaloid content and the differentially expressed genes, the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of jatrorrhizine were screened. RESULTS The contents of columbamine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and berberine increased in varying degrees during the dedifferentiation of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) leaves, among which jatrorrhizine increased significantly. By comparing and analyzing the transcripts of the leaves of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) and samples from different dedifferentiated stages, differential expression genes between different dedifferentiated stage samples were screened. Furthermore, through KEGG enrichment analysis, cluster analysis, 25 differentially expressed genes involved in jatrorrhizine biosynthesis pathway were annotated, among which NCS, 7OMT, CNMT, BBE, CAS, STOX may be potential key genes. CONCLUSION During the dedifferentiation period, the contents of columbamine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and berberine all increase, among which the contents of jatrorrhizine increases the most significantly. Callus culture can be used as a method to produce benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids such as jatrorrhizine.

, correspAuthors=Lin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tianfu JIANG, Yao CHEN, Meng ZHANG, Fupeng PAN, Kehao WANG, Bingxian YANG, Hongwei FU, Lin ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212693342371103520, articleId=1212693339611251333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于转录组分析的细叶十大功劳叶去分化过程中药根碱高效积累的分子机制研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立细叶十大功劳去分化愈伤组织培养体系;筛选参与药根碱生物合成的关键基因。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定细叶十大功劳不同去分化阶段愈伤组织中苄基异喹啉类生物碱含量;采用转录组测序技术分析细叶十大功劳不同去分化阶段愈伤组织基因表达谱,鉴定差异表达基因;通过分析生物碱含量变化差异与差异表达基因的相关性,筛选参与药根碱生物合成的关键基因。结果 细叶十大功劳叶去分化时期非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱含量均有不同程度提升,其中药根碱的含量提升显著;通过对细叶十大功劳叶片和不同去分化期样品的转录本两两比较分析,筛选出了叶片组织对比不同去分化期样品组织间的差异表达基因,进一步通过KEGG富集分析、聚类分析等,注释到了25个参与药根碱生物合成途径中的差异表达基因,其中NCS7OMTCNMTBBECASSTOX等基因可能为参与药根碱生物合成的潜在关键基因。结论 细叶十大功劳去分化时期非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱含量均上升,其中药根碱的含量提升最大;细叶十大功劳愈伤组织培养可以作为生产药根碱等苄基异喹啉类生物碱的一种方式。

, correspAuthors=张琳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张琳,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源,中药化学和中药新药 Tel:(0571)86843684
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姜天赋,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源学

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姜天赋,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源学

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姜天赋,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源学

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A-figure of columbamine content at different stages;B-figure of jatrorrhizine content at different stages;C-figure of palmatine content at different stages;D-figure of berberine content at different stages; 1)P<0.05, vs FL group.

, figureFileSmall=zYgZ7iP40U8Rnf/t2DkIIg==, figureFileBig=EB6JKMp2oJkIbNkB97cWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799320865296487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图1, caption=十大功劳叶片去分化过程中不同阶段的生物碱含量。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

A-不同阶段的非洲防己碱含量图;B-不同阶段的药根碱含量图;C-不同阶段的巴马汀含量图;D-不同阶段的小檗碱含量图;与FL组相比,1)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=zYgZ7iP40U8Rnf/t2DkIIg==, figureFileBig=EB6JKMp2oJkIbNkB97cWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799320978542700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The Wayne diagram of gene annotation numbers for M. fortunei in different databases

GO-gene ontology; KEGG-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; PFAM-Protein Family Database; NR-non redundant protein sequence database; KOG-eukaryotic homologous group; Swiss Prot-annotated Protein Database; TrEMBL-originates from the protein sequence database of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.

, figureFileSmall=syATz0H2a5SBLctsp3FLNA==, figureFileBig=+4bF4vuEX7JwgvNUUq3lUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321058234481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图2, caption=细叶十大功劳在不同数据库间基因注释数量的韦恩图

GO-基因本体论;KEGG-京都基因与基因组百科全书;PFAM-蛋白质家族数据库;NR-非冗余蛋白序列数据库;KOG-真核生物同源组;Swiss-Prot-经过注释的蛋白质数据库;TrEMBL-源于欧洲分子生物学实验室的蛋白质序列数据库。

, figureFileSmall=syATz0H2a5SBLctsp3FLNA==, figureFileBig=+4bF4vuEX7JwgvNUUq3lUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321163092085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=DEGs in fresh leaf and different dedifferentiation days of M. fortunei, figureFileSmall=R6RFQYdGqkjwKxj/YuCbzQ==, figureFileBig=bbOPVLsdT9X5Bz6M8xjhWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321293115512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图3, caption=细叶十大功劳幼嫩叶片和不同去分化天数的差异表达基因, figureFileSmall=R6RFQYdGqkjwKxj/YuCbzQ==, figureFileBig=bbOPVLsdT9X5Bz6M8xjhWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321393778811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes

The enrichment plot displays the top 10 KEGG enriched terms of differentially expressed genes in five experimental groups. Numbers in orange semicircles represent up-regulated genes and numbers in blue semicircles represent down-regulated genes. The red marked area represents the terms related to the biosynthesis of jatrorrhizine.

, figureFileSmall=tXd2yT+V4Fc5d4cI3xTNuw==, figureFileBig=VI/VawzESqdJt0xu8fm4RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321578328189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图4, caption=差异表达基因的KEGG富集图

富集图展示5个实验组差异基因的KEGG富集的前10个条目,橙色半圆中的数字代表上调的基因数目,蓝色半圆中的数字代表下调的基因数目,红色标记部分是与药根碱生物合成相关的条目。

, figureFileSmall=tXd2yT+V4Fc5d4cI3xTNuw==, figureFileBig=VI/VawzESqdJt0xu8fm4RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321708351618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cluster analysis of DEGs enriched to key secondary metabolism

C1-C4-clustering grouping of different gene expression trends in cluster analysis.

, figureFileSmall=WJlXGFsG9srmaogWllc0RQ==, figureFileBig=tDOWZGwb7f+7ruvBdb0Q9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321796432005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图5, caption=富集于关键次生代谢基因的差异表达基因的聚类分析

C1~C4-聚类分析中不同基因表达趋势的聚类分组。

, figureFileSmall=WJlXGFsG9srmaogWllc0RQ==, figureFileBig=tDOWZGwb7f+7ruvBdb0Q9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321905483913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes

A-cluster 1 of gene expression trends from FL to DD_30:Gene expression first decreases and then increases, with DD_10 to DD_20 being the plateau period; B-cluster 2 of gene expression trends from FL to DD_30:Gene expression first decreases and then increases, with DD_10 to DD_20 shows a decreasing trend; C-cluster 3 of gene expression trends from FL to DD_30:Gene expression first increases and then decreases, reaching its peak at DD_10; D-cluster 4 of gene expression trends from FL to DD_30:Gene expression first increases and then decreases, reaching its peak at DD_20.

, figureFileSmall=uw9S6I7jAEybIyAbrZodCQ==, figureFileBig=zgrwEEoH/bUGaW85zZe1HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799321985175692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图6, caption=富集于关键次生代谢基因的差异表达基因的聚类分析

A-FL到DD_30时期基因表达趋势聚类序号,基因表达先降低后上升,DD_10到DD_20为平台期;B-FL到DD_30时期基因表达趋势聚类序号,基因表达先降低后上升,DD_10到DD_20呈下降趋势;C-FL到DD_30时期基因表达趋势聚类序号,基因表达先上升后降低,DD_10时达到峰值;D-FL到DD_30时期基因表达趋势聚类序号,基因表达先上升后降低,DD_20时达到峰值。

, figureFileSmall=uw9S6I7jAEybIyAbrZodCQ==, figureFileBig=zgrwEEoH/bUGaW85zZe1HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799322090033297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Heat map of gene expression level for annotated transcripts of isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, figureFileSmall=AbeqcN8in+AjiUFx3FWM4w==, figureFileBig=2zbWXQbnZ1OiAOC9C/dlYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799322152947860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图7, caption=注释异喹啉生物碱生物合成转录本的基因表达量热图, figureFileSmall=AbeqcN8in+AjiUFx3FWM4w==, figureFileBig=2zbWXQbnZ1OiAOC9C/dlYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799322241028248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Relative expression levels of enzyme genes in 9 isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways of M. fortunei. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

Note:1)P<0.05, vs FL group.

, figureFileSmall=8WKdi4eBo5SEqrEcwinDjQ==, figureFileBig=X3UwCh0/wU1osCuZtjnVrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799322316525722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=图8, caption=细叶十大功劳中9个异喹啉生物碱生物合成途径中酶基因的相对表达水平。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

注:与FL组相比,1)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=8WKdi4eBo5SEqrEcwinDjQ==, figureFileBig=X3UwCh0/wU1osCuZtjnVrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212799322400411805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

HPLC analysis program of four alkaloids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min A(NaH2PO4)/% B(Acetonitrile)/%
0 80 20
10 73 27
20 71 29
30 5 95
38 5 95
43 80 20
50 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1212799322522046624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四种生物碱的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min A(NaH2PO4)/% B(Acetonitrile)/%
0 80 20
10 73 27
20 71 29
30 5 95
38 5 95
43 80 20
50 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1212799322622709925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene ID Forward primer sequence(5'-3') Reverse primer sequence(3'-5')
Actin(AT1G49240) GGAGCTGAGAGATTCCGTTG GAATTCCTGCAGCTTCCATC
NCS(DN11300_c0_g1_i11) GGAAATGATTGAAGGAGG CAACGGAACAGTAGTGATAAG
6OMT(DN1303_c0_g1_i5) AAATGATTGAAGGAGGGT GAACAGTAGTGATAAGAGGC
7OMT(DN1303_c0_g1_i5) TGTTTACCCTGAAATCGC CCTTCCCACCTTCTACCG
CNMT-A(DN3795_c0_g1_i20) TGGAGGATGGTTTGGTTC GTTGATGGGTGGGTTTGT
CNMT-B(DN7887_c0_g1_i14) TGTTCTTGATCTAGGGTGT TTATGTCTGCGAGGAGTA
NMCH(DN10562_c0_g1_i2) ACGAATCAAGGGCTATGT GAAACCCAACCAACTCCA
BBE(DN1247_c0_g1_i2) ATAGTTACGAAGGGTTGTC ACCTAGAGTCGCACCAGA
CAS(DN9772_c0_g2_i4) AAGTTGGCGACCAGTTAT AGGCATGTCACGAGCAGA
STOX(DN4908_c1_g1_i5) TAGTGAACGCTGATGGAG GGTAGGTGGAACAGGAAC
), ArticleFig(id=1212799322723373224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实时荧光定量PCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene ID Forward primer sequence(5'-3') Reverse primer sequence(3'-5')
Actin(AT1G49240) GGAGCTGAGAGATTCCGTTG GAATTCCTGCAGCTTCCATC
NCS(DN11300_c0_g1_i11) GGAAATGATTGAAGGAGG CAACGGAACAGTAGTGATAAG
6OMT(DN1303_c0_g1_i5) AAATGATTGAAGGAGGGT GAACAGTAGTGATAAGAGGC
7OMT(DN1303_c0_g1_i5) TGTTTACCCTGAAATCGC CCTTCCCACCTTCTACCG
CNMT-A(DN3795_c0_g1_i20) TGGAGGATGGTTTGGTTC GTTGATGGGTGGGTTTGT
CNMT-B(DN7887_c0_g1_i14) TGTTCTTGATCTAGGGTGT TTATGTCTGCGAGGAGTA
NMCH(DN10562_c0_g1_i2) ACGAATCAAGGGCTATGT GAAACCCAACCAACTCCA
BBE(DN1247_c0_g1_i2) ATAGTTACGAAGGGTTGTC ACCTAGAGTCGCACCAGA
CAS(DN9772_c0_g2_i4) AAGTTGGCGACCAGTTAT AGGCATGTCACGAGCAGA
STOX(DN4908_c1_g1_i5) TAGTGAACGCTGATGGAG GGTAGGTGGAACAGGAAC
), ArticleFig(id=1212799322836619436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Determination results of alkaloid content at different dedifferentiation stages of Mahonia fortune. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Alkaloid
type
Fresh leaf/mg·g-1 DD_10/mg·g-1 DD_20/mg·g-1 DD_30/mg·g-1 DD_100/mg·g-1
Columbamine 0.144±0.071 1.382±0.160 1.170±0.122 1.381±0.145 0.795±0.075
Jatrorrhizine 0.041±0.029 13.865±5.191 24.485±6.102 24.890±1.795 18.318±4.049
Palmatine 0.136±0.071 1.743±0.427 1.416±0.234 1.393±0.172 0.614±0.100
Berberine 8.530±0.381 7.017±1.620 10.596±1.388 9.622±1.683 2.450±0.696
), ArticleFig(id=1212799323000197293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

细叶十大功劳不同去分化期生物碱含量测定结果。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Alkaloid
type
Fresh leaf/mg·g-1 DD_10/mg·g-1 DD_20/mg·g-1 DD_30/mg·g-1 DD_100/mg·g-1
Columbamine 0.144±0.071 1.382±0.160 1.170±0.122 1.381±0.145 0.795±0.075
Jatrorrhizine 0.041±0.029 13.865±5.191 24.485±6.102 24.890±1.795 18.318±4.049
Palmatine 0.136±0.071 1.743±0.427 1.416±0.234 1.393±0.172 0.614±0.100
Berberine 8.530±0.381 7.017±1.620 10.596±1.388 9.622±1.683 2.450±0.696
), ArticleFig(id=1212799323121832113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Clean data statistics of M. fortunei transcriptome sequencing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample name Clean reads Clean bases/bp Low quality reads Duplication reads rate/% Data use rate/% Q20/% Q30/%
A_1 54 146 330 8 020 311 345 929 666 29.74 97.86 97.55 93.16
A_2 56 286 750 8 324 448 686 832 368 27.55 98.19 97.56 93.18
A_3 53 792 550 7 954 410 330 758 662 27.35 98.31 97.52 93.03
B_1 52 280 436 7 729 874 659 841 368 26.94 98.08 97.46 92.89
B_2 49 097 314 7 256 398 575 791 054 26.24 97.91 97.76 93.64
B_3 51 976 032 7 690 237 855 744 330 26.6 98.23 97.7 93.47
C_1 53 454 198 7 924 998 317 1 032 932 29.34 97.72 97.4 92.71
C_2 51 981 132 7 689 171 370 1 273 994 28.86 97.09 97.45 92.86
C_3 49 128 432 7 281 369 051 744 342 27.12 98.18 97.75 93.54
D_1 54 476 462 8 035 413 917 661 002 26.36 98.59 97.63 93.33
D_2 47 585 270 7 048 956 504 679 988 26.73 98.3 97.47 92.9
D_3 49 710 836 7 382 526 120 741 530 27.4 98.25 97.49 92.94
), ArticleFig(id=1212799323264438452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693339611251333, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

细叶十大功劳转录组测序结果Clean data统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample name Clean reads Clean bases/bp Low quality reads Duplication reads rate/% Data use rate/% Q20/% Q30/%
A_1 54 146 330 8 020 311 345 929 666 29.74 97.86 97.55 93.16
A_2 56 286 750 8 324 448 686 832 368 27.55 98.19 97.56 93.18
A_3 53 792 550 7 954 410 330 758 662 27.35 98.31 97.52 93.03
B_1 52 280 436 7 729 874 659 841 368 26.94 98.08 97.46 92.89
B_2 49 097 314 7 256 398 575 791 054 26.24 97.91 97.76 93.64
B_3 51 976 032 7 690 237 855 744 330 26.6 98.23 97.7 93.47
C_1 53 454 198 7 924 998 317 1 032 932 29.34 97.72 97.4 92.71
C_2 51 981 132 7 689 171 370 1 273 994 28.86 97.09 97.45 92.86
C_3 49 128 432 7 281 369 051 744 342 27.12 98.18 97.75 93.54
D_1 54 476 462 8 035 413 917 661 002 26.36 98.59 97.63 93.33
D_2 47 585 270 7 048 956 504 679 988 26.73 98.3 97.47 92.9
D_3 49 710 836 7 382 526 120 741 530 27.4 98.25 97.49 92.94
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基于转录组分析的细叶十大功劳叶去分化过程中药根碱高效积累的分子机制研究
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姜天赋 1 , 陈瑶 1 , 张梦 1 , 潘富鹏 2 , 王可豪 1 , 杨丙贤 1 , 付红伟 1 , 张琳 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(20): 1931-1938
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(20): 1931-1938
基于转录组分析的细叶十大功劳叶去分化过程中药根碱高效积累的分子机制研究
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姜天赋1, 陈瑶1, 张梦1, 潘富鹏2, 王可豪1, 杨丙贤1, 付红伟1, 张琳1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院, 杭州 310008
  • 2 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院, 杭州 311300
  • 姜天赋,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源学

通讯作者:

* 张琳,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源,中药化学和中药新药 Tel:(0571)86843684
Molecular Mechanism of Accumulation of Jatrorrhizine in Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) During Dedifferentiation Based on Transcriptome Analysis
Tianfu JIANG1, Yao CHEN1, Meng ZHANG1, Fupeng PAN2, Kehao WANG1, Bingxian YANG1, Hongwei FU1, Lin ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
出版时间: 2024-10-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.007
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目的 建立细叶十大功劳去分化愈伤组织培养体系;筛选参与药根碱生物合成的关键基因。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定细叶十大功劳不同去分化阶段愈伤组织中苄基异喹啉类生物碱含量;采用转录组测序技术分析细叶十大功劳不同去分化阶段愈伤组织基因表达谱,鉴定差异表达基因;通过分析生物碱含量变化差异与差异表达基因的相关性,筛选参与药根碱生物合成的关键基因。结果 细叶十大功劳叶去分化时期非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱含量均有不同程度提升,其中药根碱的含量提升显著;通过对细叶十大功劳叶片和不同去分化期样品的转录本两两比较分析,筛选出了叶片组织对比不同去分化期样品组织间的差异表达基因,进一步通过KEGG富集分析、聚类分析等,注释到了25个参与药根碱生物合成途径中的差异表达基因,其中NCS7OMTCNMTBBECASSTOX等基因可能为参与药根碱生物合成的潜在关键基因。结论 细叶十大功劳去分化时期非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱含量均上升,其中药根碱的含量提升最大;细叶十大功劳愈伤组织培养可以作为生产药根碱等苄基异喹啉类生物碱的一种方式。

细叶十大功劳  /  药根碱  /  去分化  /  积累  /  转录组

OBJECTIVE To establish a callus culture system for dedifferentiation of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) in order to screen the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of jatrorrhizine. METHODS The contents of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in callus at different dedifferentiation stages were determined by HPLC. Transcriptome was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of callus at different dedifferentiation processes and identify the differentially expressed genes. By analyzing the relationship between the variation of alkaloid content and the differentially expressed genes, the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of jatrorrhizine were screened. RESULTS The contents of columbamine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and berberine increased in varying degrees during the dedifferentiation of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) leaves, among which jatrorrhizine increased significantly. By comparing and analyzing the transcripts of the leaves of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) and samples from different dedifferentiated stages, differential expression genes between different dedifferentiated stage samples were screened. Furthermore, through KEGG enrichment analysis, cluster analysis, 25 differentially expressed genes involved in jatrorrhizine biosynthesis pathway were annotated, among which NCS, 7OMT, CNMT, BBE, CAS, STOX may be potential key genes. CONCLUSION During the dedifferentiation period, the contents of columbamine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and berberine all increase, among which the contents of jatrorrhizine increases the most significantly. Callus culture can be used as a method to produce benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids such as jatrorrhizine.

Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.)  /  jatrorrhizine  /  dedifferentiation  /  accumulation  /  transcriptome
姜天赋, 陈瑶, 张梦, 潘富鹏, 王可豪, 杨丙贤, 付红伟, 张琳. 基于转录组分析的细叶十大功劳叶去分化过程中药根碱高效积累的分子机制研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (20) : 1931 -1938 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.007
Tianfu JIANG, Yao CHEN, Meng ZHANG, Fupeng PAN, Kehao WANG, Bingxian YANG, Hongwei FU, Lin ZHANG. Molecular Mechanism of Accumulation of Jatrorrhizine in Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) During Dedifferentiation Based on Transcriptome Analysis[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (20) : 1931 -1938 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.007
细叶十大功劳[Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde]是中药“功劳木”的药材基源之一,全株均可药用,以干燥的茎入药作功劳木使用,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效,临床广泛用于湿热泻痢、黄疸、目赤肿痛、痈肿等症的治疗[1]。细叶十大功劳的根、茎、叶均含有苄基异喹啉类生物碱(benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, BIAs)特征活性物质,包括小檗碱、巴马汀、非洲防己碱和药根碱等,其中小檗碱在药材中的含量往往较高、药根碱的含量往往最低。现代药理学证明,药根碱具有显著的抗菌、抗肿瘤等活性,其降血糖作用在相同剂量下甚至强于小檗碱[2]。但药根碱在细叶十大功劳及其他药用植物中含量极低,很大程度上限制了药根碱的开发利用。
药用植物的愈伤组织培养是快速高效生产活性天然产物的一种生物技术方法,对保护药用植物种质资源也是一种行之有效的技术手段[3]。愈伤组织培养技术成熟、工业化生产可行性高,同时不受季节和产地等自然条件的影响,因此,采用愈伤组织生产重要的次生代谢产物应用前景广阔[4]。本研究整合运用细叶十大功劳组织培养技术和转录组测序技术,通过分析细叶十大功劳不同去分化阶段愈伤组织中苄基异喹啉类生物碱含量与差异表达基因的相关性,筛选出了若干参与药根碱生物合成的潜在关键基因。该研究为采用愈伤组织生产药根碱等细叶十大功劳中的活性成分奠定了理论基础。
细叶十大功劳的幼嫩叶片(fresh leaf,FL),经愈伤诱导去分化培养10、20、30、100 d的愈伤组织样品分别标记为DD_10,DD_20,DD_30,DD_100。
Waters2695高效液相色谱仪、2998PDA检测器、Empower工作站(美国沃特世公司);色谱柱:安捷伦RPC-18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)(美国安捷伦公司);流动相:0.05 mol·L-1 NaH2PO4缓冲液(pH值3.0)和乙腈(色谱纯)梯度洗脱。
称量MS培养基4.74 g,蔗糖30 g,2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D)1.5 mg,呋喃氨基嘌呤(kinetin,KT) 0.25 mg,加适量纯水充分溶解后,加入琼脂10 g,纯水定容至1 L,调pH至5.8;120 ℃高温灭菌20 min,待冷却后倾倒于培养基平板,至完全冷却凝固。在无菌室内倒置3 d后,无菌落生长即可使用。
剪取细叶十大功劳生长10 d左右幼嫩但完全展开的叶片为外植体,流动自来水冲洗数次并吸干水分后转移至超净工作台,无菌水反复冲洗后再依次用体积分数75%乙醇冲洗20 s、体积分数1%NaClO冲洗3 min、无菌水冲洗5次。剪去叶片边缘后剪成1 cm2左右块状,接种到MS培养基上。
在避光条件下培养5 d后,转为每天光照与黑暗交替12 h培养,培养计划天数后,取出植物组织液氮冷冻,-80 ℃冰箱保存,备用。
细叶十大功劳叶片和不同分化期组织样品105 ℃烘干、粉碎,过40目药筛。精确称量0.1 g样品粉末置于5 mL离心管中,加入3 mL盐酸甲醇溶液(1 mol·L-1盐酸-甲醇=1∶100),称重。超声提取45 min,补重。8 000 r·min-1室温离心20 min,上清液过0.45 μm有机系滤膜,进行HPLC分析。
分别精确称取非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱标准品各1 mg,盐酸甲醇溶液溶解并分别定容至1 mL量瓶,配成约1 mg·mL-1的标准品母液。精密移取非洲防己碱母液、药根碱母液、巴马汀母液、小檗碱母液配置成分别含有50.041、50.332、50.189、1 000.087 μg·mL-1对应标准品的混合标准品母液,梯度稀释,制作标准曲线。
HPLC分析条件:流速:1 mL·min-1;柱温:30 ℃;检测波长:265 nm;进样量:20 μL;HPLC程序见表1
使用植物RNA提取试剂盒提取叶片或3个不同去分化时期的样品中的总RNA,用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和NanoDrop 1000分光光度计检测其质量和浓度。使用U-mRNAseq Library Prep 试剂盒对mRNA进行片段化处理,用Smart-RT酶将mRNA片段逆转录成双链cDNA,通过磁珠法进行纯化。接着通过PCR对文库进行扩增,使其达到上机浓度。最后需要通过Agilent 2100和荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q-PCR)对文库大小和浓度进行检测,质检合格后使用Illumina Novaseq 6000上机测序。使用Trinity-v2.11.0软件进行从头组装,然后使用Kallysto软件估计组装转录本的表达丰度。每个样本重复3次。
基于综合数据库eggNOG,使用emapper 2.1.6软件将组装的单基因数据库与GO、KEGG和PFAM注释进行比较,获得单基因的功能注释。利用RSEM软件对转录本的表达量水平进行估计,采用 FPKM 值作为衡量转录本或基因表达水平的指标。差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)的筛选使用DEseq2软件,筛选标准为差异倍数>1和P<0.05。通过BLAST软件将基因序列比对到京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG) 数据库,鉴定差异基因参与的代谢过程。聚类分析使用MeV (Multiple experiment viewer)软件中的K均值聚类算法。
筛选出的苄基异喹啉生物碱(benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,BIAs)生物合成途径中的DEGs,以actin基因作为内参,使用反转录试剂盒将从FL、DD_10、DD_20、DD_30样品提出的总RNA反转录为cDNA。根据得到的转录组数据设计引物(表2),使用定量试剂盒荧光定量试剂盒QuantiFast SYBR Green PCR Kit(武汉艾瑞科生物科技有限公司)制备qRT-PCR反应体系,在荧光定量 PCR仪(ABI 7500)上进行测定,反应程序为95 ℃ 30 s,95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环,2-ΔΔCT法计算处理。
测定外植体(FL)、不同去分化时期的愈伤组织中四种主要BIAs含量,结果显示细叶十大功劳去分化时期非洲防己碱、药根碱、巴马汀和小檗碱含量均有不同程度提升,其中药根碱的含量提升极其显著。结果见表3图1
采集样品FL、DD_10、DD_20、DD_30进行转录组测序,每个样品3个重复,分别平均产生70 934、63 976、64 493和67 976个转录本,12个样品的GC含量约为45%。去除低质量的读序后的clean data,测定Q20百分比(>97.09%)和Q30百分比(>92.86%),这些数据表明测序质量较高,达到了后续数据组装分析的要求(表4)。经De novo拼接后,最终组装获得转录本总共169 364个reads。所有样品的mapping率达到83.66%以上,BUSCO评估中,C率为87.3%,组装的完整性较好。转录组数据基于GO、KEGG、PFAM、NR、KOG、Swiss-Prot和TrEMBL等7大数据库对基因进行功能注释见图2。共有6 166个unigenes在7个数据库中都有功能注释。
将细叶十大功劳叶片和不同去分化期样品的转录本两两比较分析,以|log2FC|>1、P<0.05为标准,筛选出DEGs。结果显示,FL对比不同去分化期样品(DD_10、DD_20、DD_30)组织间的基因表达差异最为显著,其中,FL对比DD_10共有5 873个DEGs,上调基因1 313个,下调基因4 560个;FL对比DD_20的DEGs共有7 952个,上调基因 2 024个,下调基因5 928个;FL对比DD_30的DEGs共有127个,上调基因77个,下调基因50个(图3)。
对得到的DEGs进行KEGG代谢通路富集分析,从KEGG注释基因簇中筛选与药根碱生物合成相关的DEGs,并将富集程度显著前十名的KEGG term进行可视化分析(图4)。其中,DD_10对比DD_30的DEGs中显著富集到了BIAs生物合成代谢通路,推测可能参与药根碱的生物合成。除此之外,还富集到几类重要的次生代谢通路,包括苯丙素生物合成、黄酮生物合成、吲哚生物碱生物合成、姜辣素生物合成和苯丙氨酸代谢。
进一步,对富集到次生代谢途径的DEGs进行表达模式的聚类分析,通过K均值聚类算法生成聚类图见图5,4个簇(C1-C4)代表了去分化过程中的不同的基因表达趋势。根据次生代谢通路、聚类分析簇、基因数目绘制了三维图(图6),清晰地表现出了各个次生代谢途径基因在去分化过程中表达趋势。聚类到C3和C4簇的基因表达水平分别在DD_10和DD_20期表现为上调,参与BIAs生物合成的DEGs,76%分布于C3和C4;此外,聚类到 C3和C4中的DEGs表达模式与药根碱含量变化具有相关性,推测可能在去分化过程中参与药根碱的生物合成。
对DEGs进行聚类,并使用Mfuzz R包可视化。4个集群被分组,x轴-M.fortune样品去分化过程中的时间点,包括FL、DD_10、DD_20和DD_30。y轴-DEGs表达水平的标准化数值。线条的颜色深浅-聚类的显著性程度。
在日本黄连的苄基异喹啉生物碱(BIAs)合成途径中已经被证实,(S)-去甲基乌药碱合酶[(S)-norcoclaurine synthase, NCS]催化L-酪氨酸(C9H11NO3)转化而来的多巴胺(C8H11NO2)和4-羟基苯乙醛(C8H8O2)缩合成异喹啉类生物碱的前体物质(S)-去甲基乌药碱(C16H17NO3),随后在其他酶的作用下形成(S)-番荔枝碱(C19H23NO4)和(S)-金黄紫堇碱(C19H21NO4)等重要前体物质;(S)-金黄紫堇碱在(S)-氢化小檗碱合成酶[(S)-canadine synthase, CAS]和(S)-四氢原小檗碱氧化酶[(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase,STOX]的催化下生成小檗碱[5]
在细叶十大功劳中,注释到了25个参与药根碱(C20H20NO4)生物合成途径中的DEGs,包括2个编码NCS的DEGs;7个编码去甲衡州乌药碱-6-O-甲基转移酶(norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase, 6OMT)的DEGs;1个编码去甲衡州乌药碱-7-O-甲基转移酶(norcoclaurine 7-O-methyltransferase, 7OMT)的DEGs;5个编码(S)-去甲衡州乌药碱-N-甲基转移酶[(S)-coclaurine N-methyltransferase, CNMT]的DEGs;1个编码N-甲基衡州乌药碱-3-羟化酶(N-methylcoclaurine 3-hydroxylase, NMCH)的DEGs;1个编码3'-羟基-N-甲基-(S)-乌药碱-4'-O-甲基转移酶(3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase, 4OMT)的DEGs;5个编码小檗碱桥酶(berberine bridge enzyme, BBE)的DEGs;1个编码CAS的DEGs;2个编码STOX的DEGs,见图7。根据DEGs表达模式与药根碱含量变化的相关性推测出,可能的药根碱合成途径一是通过小檗碱的开环反应,二是通过C7位特异性的O-甲基转移酶(7OMT)催化(S)-去甲衡州乌药碱生成(S)-异乌药碱(C17H19NO3),随后通过与小檗碱生物合成相似的合成过程最终生成药根碱。
为了进一步验证转录组数据分析结果的准确性,选取代表性DEGs进行RT-qPCR分析,见图8。结果表明,NCS7OMTCNMTBBECASSTOX基因在DD_10期表达量最高, 6OMT基因在DD_20期表达量最高,该趋势与聚类分析中的C3和C4聚类趋势相同。说明这些DEGs极有可能为参与药根碱生物合成的潜在关键基因。
药用植物组织培养技术的发展远落后于农业栽培品种,很大程度限制了药用植物遗传转化体系的建立,以及天然产物生物合成的发展。筛选药用植物愈伤组织培养体系是成功建立组培体系的基础,同时,也可以为采用愈伤组织生产具有活性的次生代谢产物提供思路。本研究首次优化建立了细叶十大功劳愈伤组织培养体系,同时发现,在细叶十大功劳去分化过程存在低含量有效成分药根碱高效积累的生物现象。
转录组测序分析技术可以快速获得同物种在不同生理状态下的基因表达情况[5]。本研究中使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序平台获得了细叶十大功劳去分化诱导过程中的clean reads,经过校正后的转录组数据质量较高,clean reads的Q20均达到97.4%以上。本文为了分析叶片到愈伤组织形成的去分化过程中药根碱高效积累分子机制,选择了FL、DD_10、DD_20和DD_30的取样时间点,并对测序结果进行了多个数据库的功能注释。本研究中细叶十大功劳去分化过程中的转录组测序和结果分析为后续研究去分化诱导药根碱等次生代谢生物合成研究提供了较完整的转录组数据库。
在本研究中,愈伤组织形成去分化过程中的DEGs显著富集到了次生代谢生物合成途径中,相应的,该过程中次生代谢产物的合成量发生了显著的变化[6]。尤其是,FL对比DD_10、DD_20过程的DEGs数目显著高于FL对比DD_30时的DEGs,提示去分化初期伴随着活跃的生理变化。对DEGs进行了KEGG富集分析,注释到了苯丙素生物合成、黄酮生物合成、异喹啉生物碱生物合成等多个次生代谢过程,并且通过K-means算法生成了这些参与次生代谢过程基因的表达趋势聚类图,可以清晰地获得次生代谢生物合成在去分化过程中的基因表达趋势。在去分化过程中,参与异喹啉生物碱生物合成的基因的90%表达上调,与药根碱的含量积累呈正相关;参与苯丙类生物合成和黄酮生物合成的基因的78%表达下调。生物碱和黄酮生物合成都起始于氨基酸类化合物,是否会在生物合成过程中竞争共同的前体物质,从而在同一组织中存在相反的积累趋势有待进一步探讨[7]。筛选出的25个参与药根碱生物合成途径中的DEGs,在BIAs生物合成途径中催化多种不同反应:NCS催化多巴胺和4-羟基苯乙醛的缩合;7OMT催化(S)-去甲衡州乌药碱的C7位的O-甲基化;CNMT催化(S)-衡州乌药碱的N-甲基化; BBE催化(S)-金黄紫堇碱的成环反应;STOX催化(S)-四氢原小檗碱的双键形成等[8-11]。该研究对理解细叶十大功劳中药根碱生物合成机制具有重要意义。
细叶十大功劳中BIAs生物合成途径还未被报道,而黄连属和罂粟属中的一些生物碱的生物合成已经有相关报道,如日本黄连中的小檗碱、花菱草中的血根碱、罂粟中的吗啡等[12-13],这些研究为揭示细叶十大功劳中药根碱生物合成分子机制奠定了基础。
  • 浙江理工大学科研启动基金资助(22042024-Y)
  • 中央财政支持地方高校改革发展专项资金资助(303013-2021-0007)
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2024年第59卷第20期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.20.007
  • 接收时间:2023-07-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-07
基金
浙江理工大学科研启动基金资助(22042024-Y)
中央财政支持地方高校改革发展专项资金资助(303013-2021-0007)
作者信息
    1 浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院, 杭州 310008
    2 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院, 杭州 311300

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* 张琳,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源,中药化学和中药新药 Tel:(0571)86843684
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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