Article(id=1212693251426014090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)19-1834-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.19.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1688486400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058201888, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1728316800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058201888, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058201888, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058201888, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212693246539649865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='19', pageStart='1781', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058200723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767059042003, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696775207600634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696775207600635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1834, endPage=1842, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212693251702838159, articleId=1212693251426014090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation and Characterization of Mannose-Modified Cepharanthine Polymer Micelles, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare cepharanthine(CEP) polymer micelles and characterize them. METHODS The CEP polymer micelles were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Based on the single factor investigation, the preparation process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the entrapment efficiency and drug loading as indicators, and the particle size distribution, potential and in vitro release of the micelles were characterized. RESULTS The optimum process of CEP polymer micelle was as follows: 50 mg of MA-PEG-PLGA and 17.82 mg of CEP were dissolved in 0.25 mL of acetone, added dropwise into 14 mL of PBS solution at 60 ℃ and stirred on a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 1 000 r·min-1 for 4 hours to obtain a clear CEP polymer micelle. The optimized CEP polymer micelles are spherical, with an average particle size of (111.37±3.51) nm, a PDI of (0.21±0.01) and a Zeta potential of (-9.78±2.15) mV. In vitro release results showed that CEP was released rapidly within 10 h, and its micelles released (79.99±4.96)% and (71.66±2.62)% respectively within 72 h, indicating that CEP could be released slowly after being made into micelles. The results of freeze-drying agent investigation showed that 0.5% poloxamer 188 had the smallest change in complex particle size after freeze-drying. The results of hemolysis test showed that the hemolysis rate was obviously reduced after CEP was made into micelles. CONCLUSION The optimized formulation and technology in this study can be used for the preparation of CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA polymer micelles, which lays a foundation for the subsequent development of CEP targeted preparations.

, correspAuthors=Yunshu MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yiying CHEN, Yi ZHOU, Liqin LUO, Jie JIANG, Bingduo CHENG, Yuanzeng LI, Xin CHENG, Yunshu MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212693253657383897, articleId=1212693251426014090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=甘露糖修饰的千金藤素聚合物胶束的制备及表征, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备千金藤素(cepharanthine,CEP)聚合物胶束,并对其进行表征。方法 采用溶剂挥发法制备CEP聚合物胶束,在单因素考察的基础上,以包封率和载药量为指标,Box-Behnken响应面法进行制备工艺优化,并对其胶束的粒径分布、电位、体外释放等方面进行表征。结果 CEP聚合物胶束的最佳工艺为:取甘露糖-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(MA-PEG-PLGA) 50 mg,CEP 17.82 mg,溶解于0.25 mL丙酮中,逐滴加入14 mL的PBS溶液中,温度为60 ℃,以1 000 r·min-1的转速在磁力搅拌器上搅拌4 h,即得澄清的CEP聚合物胶束。优选得到的CEP聚合物胶束呈球形,平均粒径为(111.37±3.51)nm 、多分散系数(PDI)为(0.21±0.01)、Zeta电位(-9.78±2.15) mV;体外释放结果显示,CEP原料药在10 h内快速释放,其胶束在72 h内分别释放(79.99±4.96)%和(71.66±2.62)%,说明制成胶束后,CEP能实现缓释释放。冻干剂考察结果发现,0.5%的泊洛沙姆188冻干后复溶后粒径变化最小;溶血试验结果显示,将CEP制成胶束后,溶血率明显降低。 结论 本研究的优选处方及工艺可以用于CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA 聚合物胶束的制备,为后续CEP靶向制剂的研发奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=马云淑, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 马云淑,女,博士,教授,博士研究生导师 研究方向:新型给药系统研究 Tel:(0871)65919920
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陈怡莹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型给药系统研究

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陈怡莹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型给药系统研究

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陈怡莹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型给药系统研究

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orderNo=4, keyword=Box-Behnken响应面法), Keyword(id=1212856567771353243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=冻干粉)], refs=[Reference(id=1212856571609141441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=502, pageEnd=505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=CUI J Y, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI J Y. 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Guangzhou Chem Ind (广州化工), 2022, 50 (7):85-87., articleTitle=Preparation and optimization of doxorubicin-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212856572368310477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LI Y Y, SUN X K, LI W, journalName=Chem Bioeng(化学与生物工程), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y Y, SUN X K, LI W, et al. Research progress in polymeric micelle drug-loading system[J]. Chem Bioeng(化学与生物工程), 2018, 35 (5): 1-4, 10., articleTitle=Research progress in polymeric micelle drug-loading system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212856572443807950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=75, issue=19, pageStart=2169, pageEnd=2174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YANG Z L, LI X R, YANG K W, journalName=Acta Chim Sin(化学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Z L, LI X R, YANG K W, et al. Freeze-Drying and in vitro release kinetics of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(dllactide) block copolymer micelles[J]. 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A-CEP;B-CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA;C-blank MA-PEG-PLGA.

, figureFileSmall=2LvyuFTLOvKxZ6Qny4Ak4Q==, figureFileBig=nDY6Aw/Fro1waw41GeyyGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856567985262749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图1, caption=千金藤素(CEP)高效液相色谱图

A-千金藤素;B-千金藤素-甘露糖-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA);C-空白甘露糖-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(MA-PEG-PLGA)。

, figureFileSmall=2LvyuFTLOvKxZ6Qny4Ak4Q==, figureFileBig=nDY6Aw/Fro1waw41GeyyGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568069148830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Three-dimensional response surface curve with encapsulation efficiency as index

A-temperature; B-CEP dosage; C-PBS volume.

, figureFileSmall=lX38BGw2d6lUnRW2TcmTPg==, figureFileBig=RuHmdDK8hiMwHCl4kpZzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568127869087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图2, caption=以包封率为指标的三维响应面曲线图

A-温度;B-CEP投药量;C-磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)体积。

, figureFileSmall=lX38BGw2d6lUnRW2TcmTPg==, figureFileBig=RuHmdDK8hiMwHCl4kpZzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568190783648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Three-dimensional response surface curve with drug loading as index

A-temperature; B-CEP dosage; C-PBS volume.

, figureFileSmall=Tu2i46kKCIIY6HI03gqI5w==, figureFileBig=9LWYSNmi4vfOOfjCjzoQxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568249503905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图3, caption=以载药量为指标的三维响应面曲线图

A-温度;B-CEP投药量;C-PBS 体积。

, figureFileSmall=Tu2i46kKCIIY6HI03gqI5w==, figureFileBig=9LWYSNmi4vfOOfjCjzoQxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568308224162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The release of CEP polymer micelle in vitro. n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=gynbf8IOjWwj+dznTKIJUg==, figureFileBig=sSDD8LkiuAc+P6mxAhFBBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568366944419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CEP聚合物胶束体外释放图。n=6,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s, figureFileSmall=gynbf8IOjWwj+dznTKIJUg==, figureFileBig=sSDD8LkiuAc+P6mxAhFBBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568429858980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Particle size and potential diagram of CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA polymer micelle

A-particle size distribution diagram; B-potential diagram.

, figureFileSmall=Zh669QzCaFokrWj32QpscQ==, figureFileBig=J5jaJWAti/je2OA54sJggw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568496967845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束粒径及电位图

A-粒径分布图;B-电位图。

, figureFileSmall=Zh669QzCaFokrWj32QpscQ==, figureFileBig=J5jaJWAti/je2OA54sJggw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856568555688102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Electron microscope and apparent diagram of CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA polymer micelle

A-electron microscope diagram×40 000; B-apparent diagram; 1-Micellar freeze-dried powder; 2-Micellar solution; 3-Pure water.

, figureFileSmall=7MmeyKFBOiuxekPIlvi0eQ==, figureFileBig=jAK29++eX6ag9T7LoL+KkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856569767841959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束电镜及表观图

A-电镜图×40 000;B-表观图;1-胶束冻干粉;2-胶束溶液;3-纯水。

, figureFileSmall=7MmeyKFBOiuxekPIlvi0eQ==, figureFileBig=jAK29++eX6ag9T7LoL+KkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212856569851728040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Table of technological factors of MA-CEP-PEG-PLGA micelle polymerizations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factors Levels
-1 0 1
Temperature(X1) 20 40 60
Dosage(X2) 5 15 25
), ArticleFig(id=1212856569927225513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MA-CEP-PEG-PLGA胶束工艺因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factors Levels
-1 0 1
Temperature(X1) 20 40 60
Dosage(X2) 5 15 25
), ArticleFig(id=1212856569994334378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effect of dosage on micelle encapsulation efficiency and drug loading.n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dosage/mg Encapsulation efficiency/% Drug loading/%
25 66.29±6.65 22.10±2.22
12.5 81.21±3.59 16.24±1.18
8.3 88.98±3.41 12.71±0.13
6.25 87.98±2.92 9.78±0.20
5 85.63±3.36 7.78±0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570053054635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

投药量对胶束包封率及载药量的影响。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dosage/mg Encapsulation efficiency/% Drug loading/%
25 66.29±6.65 22.10±2.22
12.5 81.21±3.59 16.24±1.18
8.3 88.98±3.41 12.71±0.13
6.25 87.98±2.92 9.78±0.20
5 85.63±3.36 7.78±0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570107580588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effects of water phase volume on micelle encapsulation efficiency and drug loading.n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Water phase volume
/mL
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
6 77.75±1.09 12.96±1.83
8 84.97±0.64 14.16±1.12
10 79.82±1.45 13.30±2.24
12 89.25±1.14 14.87±0.17
14 88.12±5.52 14.87±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570170495149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水相体积对胶束包封率及载药量的影响。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Water phase volume
/mL
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
6 77.75±1.09 12.96±1.83
8 84.97±0.64 14.16±1.12
10 79.82±1.45 13.30±2.24
12 89.25±1.14 14.87±0.17
14 88.12±5.52 14.87±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570233409710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Effects of stirring speed on micelle encapsulation efficiency and drug loading.n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stirring speed
/r·min-1
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
600 80.51±3.81 13.08±0.63
800 81.89±4.37 13.65±0.73
1 000 84.03±2.68 14.51±0.45
1 200 83.98±0.74 14.16±0.12
1 400 83.44±4.44 14.14±0.73
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570287935663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

搅拌速度对胶束包封率及载药量的影响。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stirring speed
/r·min-1
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
600 80.51±3.81 13.08±0.63
800 81.89±4.37 13.65±0.73
1 000 84.03±2.68 14.51±0.45
1 200 83.98±0.74 14.16±0.12
1 400 83.44±4.44 14.14±0.73
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570346655920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Effects of organic phase volume on micelle encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Organic phase volume
/mL
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
0.25 84.56±7.94 14.09±1.32
0.5 80.55±4.05 13.43±0.67
1 83.37±5.11 13.89±0.85
1.5 81.67±7.06 13.61±1.18
2 80.21±3.33 13.36±0.56
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570409570481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

有机相体积对胶束包封率及载药量的影响。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Organic phase volume
/mL
Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
0.25 84.56±7.94 14.09±1.32
0.5 80.55±4.05 13.43±0.67
1 83.37±5.11 13.89±0.85
1.5 81.67±7.06 13.61±1.18
2 80.21±3.33 13.36±0.56
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570480873650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Effects of temperature on micelle encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
20 74.31±4.29 13.05±0.72
30 82.94±3.22 13.49±0.53
40 85.60±0.44 13.60±0.07
50 87.77±2.24 15.13±0.37
60 82.60±6.02 13.7±0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570543788211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

温度对胶束包封率及载药量的影响。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ Encapsulation efficiency
/%
Drug loading
/%
20 74.31±4.29 13.05±0.72
30 82.94±3.22 13.49±0.53
40 85.60±0.44 13.60±0.07
50 87.77±2.24 15.13±0.37
60 82.60±6.02 13.7±0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570610897076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

MA-PEG-PLGA polymer micellar Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial number X1/℃ X2/mg X3/mL Y1/% Y2/%
1 40 15 10 81.11 18.72
2 40 25 14 66.86 22.29
3 20 25 10 66.86 15.43
4 20 15 6 76.86 13.72
5 60 15 14 85.03 19.26
6 20 15 14 79.6 18.37
7 40 15 10 82.37 19.01
8 40 15 10 80.85 18.66
9 40 15 10 79.09 19.3
10 60 15 6 80.61 18.6
11 20 5 10 90.52 8.23
12 40 5 6 88.56 8.05
13 40 25 6 52.06 17.35
14 60 25 10 68.15 20.67
15 40 5 14 90.75 8.25
16 40 15 10 78.96 18.22
17 60 5 10 91.52 8.32
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570686394549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

MA-PEG-PLGA聚合物胶束Box-Behnken设计-响应面试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial number X1/℃ X2/mg X3/mL Y1/% Y2/%
1 40 15 10 81.11 18.72
2 40 25 14 66.86 22.29
3 20 25 10 66.86 15.43
4 20 15 6 76.86 13.72
5 60 15 14 85.03 19.26
6 20 15 14 79.6 18.37
7 40 15 10 82.37 19.01
8 40 15 10 80.85 18.66
9 40 15 10 79.09 19.3
10 60 15 6 80.61 18.6
11 20 5 10 90.52 8.23
12 40 5 6 88.56 8.05
13 40 25 6 52.06 17.35
14 60 25 10 68.15 20.67
15 40 5 14 90.75 8.25
16 40 15 10 78.96 18.22
17 60 5 10 91.52 8.32
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570757697718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.8CEP, caption=

-MA-PEG-PLGA micelles best process verification results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Encapsulation efficiency/% Drug loading/%
1 80.31 21.11
2 81.25 21.36
3 81.11 21.32
RSD 0.63 0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570824806583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束最佳工艺验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Encapsulation efficiency/% Drug loading/%
1 80.31 21.11
2 81.25 21.36
3 81.11 21.32
RSD 0.63 0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570891915448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Equation fitting of CEP and its micelle different release models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples Models Equations r2
CEP solution Zero order release Q=36.68t+8.44 0.88
Primary release Q=87.66(1-e-0.87t) 0.89
Higuchi model Q=29.40(t1/2)+17.82 0.96
CEP-PEG-PLGA Zero order release Q=0.61t+45.60 0.56
micellar solution Primary release Q=68.48(1-e-0.71t) 0.84
Higuchi model Q=6.22(t1/2)+34.90 0.78
Zero order release Q=0.51t+42.38 0.44
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA Primary release Q=68.01(1-e-0.65t) 0.92
micellar solution Higuchi model Q=5.69(t1/2)+32.17 0.65
), ArticleFig(id=1212856570954830009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

CEP及其胶束不同释放模型方程拟合

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples Models Equations r2
CEP solution Zero order release Q=36.68t+8.44 0.88
Primary release Q=87.66(1-e-0.87t) 0.89
Higuchi model Q=29.40(t1/2)+17.82 0.96
CEP-PEG-PLGA Zero order release Q=0.61t+45.60 0.56
micellar solution Primary release Q=68.48(1-e-0.71t) 0.84
Higuchi model Q=6.22(t1/2)+34.90 0.78
Zero order release Q=0.51t+42.38 0.44
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA Primary release Q=68.01(1-e-0.65t) 0.92
micellar solution Higuchi model Q=5.69(t1/2)+32.17 0.65
), ArticleFig(id=1212856571017744570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Freeze-drying effects of different freeze-drying protectants. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Exterior Grain size/nm PDI
Before lyophilization Homogeneous solution 111.37±3.51 0.21±0.01
No lyoprotectant Severe collapse 245.61±4.08 0.40±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Severe collapse 131.44±6.23 0.28±0.01
10 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Collapse to some extent 153.31±9.67 0.37±0.03
15 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Collapse to some extent 156.34±3.12 0.37±0.06
5 mg·mL-1 Glucose Severe collapse 211.39±4.00 0.33±0.02
10 mg·mL-1 Glucose Collapse to some extent 160.29±7.20 0.33±0.07
15 mg·mL-1 Glucose Collapse to some extent 164.14±9.31 0.35±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Collapse to some extent 156.92±3.84 0.44±0.02
10 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Slight collapse 308.51±6.04 0.46±0.16
15 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Slight collapse 129.85±4.85 0.31±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 123.38±8.01 0.24±0.06
10 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 149.67±7.46 0.28±0.03
15 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 148.25±7.79 0.34±0.06
5 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 125.62±4.71 0.27±0.07
10 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 145.43±1.82 0.35±0.04
15 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 148.44±6.57 0.29±0.02
5 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 129.65±6.85 0.34±0.08
10 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 145.71±6.97 0.37±0.05
15 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 153.44±3.47 0.20±0.05
5 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 147.16±8.91 0.30±0.03
10 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 142.79±5.21 0.39±0.02
15 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 152.24±4.58 0.34±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1212856571084853435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

不同冻干保护剂的冻干效果。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Exterior Grain size/nm PDI
Before lyophilization Homogeneous solution 111.37±3.51 0.21±0.01
No lyoprotectant Severe collapse 245.61±4.08 0.40±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Severe collapse 131.44±6.23 0.28±0.01
10 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Collapse to some extent 153.31±9.67 0.37±0.03
15 mg·mL-1 Trehalose Collapse to some extent 156.34±3.12 0.37±0.06
5 mg·mL-1 Glucose Severe collapse 211.39±4.00 0.33±0.02
10 mg·mL-1 Glucose Collapse to some extent 160.29±7.20 0.33±0.07
15 mg·mL-1 Glucose Collapse to some extent 164.14±9.31 0.35±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Collapse to some extent 156.92±3.84 0.44±0.02
10 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Slight collapse 308.51±6.04 0.46±0.16
15 mg·mL-1 Mannitol Slight collapse 129.85±4.85 0.31±0.01
5 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 123.38±8.01 0.24±0.06
10 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 149.67±7.46 0.28±0.03
15 mg·mL-1 PEG6000 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 148.25±7.79 0.34±0.06
5 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 125.62±4.71 0.27±0.07
10 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 145.43±1.82 0.35±0.04
15 mg·mL-1 P188 The surface is loose and porous, with uniform milky white color and uniform color 148.44±6.57 0.29±0.02
5 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 129.65±6.85 0.34±0.08
10 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 145.71±6.97 0.37±0.05
15 mg·mL-1 Lactose Collapse to some extent 153.44±3.47 0.20±0.05
5 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 147.16±8.91 0.30±0.03
10 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 142.79±5.21 0.39±0.02
15 mg·mL-1 Sucrose Collapse to some extent 152.24±4.58 0.34±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1212856571156156604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=EN, label=Tab.11, caption=

Different concentrations of CEP and its micelle hemolysis rate.n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples ρ/μg·mL-1 Hemolysis rate/%
10 2.68±1.52
CEP solution 20 4.86±0.88
30 11.36±2.65
10 0.42±0.02
CEP-PEG-PLGA micelle 20 1.56±0.18
Freeze dried powder 30 2.17±0.52
10 1.43±1.68
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA micelle 20 0.83±0.34
Freeze dried powder 30 1.65±1.07
10 0.52±0.18
CEP-PEG-PLGA micelle solution 20 1.24±0.80
30 1.03±0.16
10 1.96±1.47
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA micelle solution 20 2.28±0.74
30 2.69±0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1212856571231654077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693251426014090, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

不同浓度CEP及其胶束溶血率。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples ρ/μg·mL-1 Hemolysis rate/%
10 2.68±1.52
CEP solution 20 4.86±0.88
30 11.36±2.65
10 0.42±0.02
CEP-PEG-PLGA micelle 20 1.56±0.18
Freeze dried powder 30 2.17±0.52
10 1.43±1.68
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA micelle 20 0.83±0.34
Freeze dried powder 30 1.65±1.07
10 0.52±0.18
CEP-PEG-PLGA micelle solution 20 1.24±0.80
30 1.03±0.16
10 1.96±1.47
CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA micelle solution 20 2.28±0.74
30 2.69±0.97
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甘露糖修饰的千金藤素聚合物胶束的制备及表征
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陈怡莹 1, 2, 3 , 周益 1, 2, 3 , 罗丽琴 1, 2, 3 , 姜婕 1, 2, 3 , 程炳铎 1, 2, 3 , 李元增 1, 2, 3 , 程欣 1, 2, 3 , 马云淑 1, 2, 3, 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(19): 1834-1842
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(19): 1834-1842
甘露糖修饰的千金藤素聚合物胶束的制备及表征
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陈怡莹1, 2, 3, 周益1, 2, 3, 罗丽琴1, 2, 3, 姜婕1, 2, 3, 程炳铎1, 2, 3, 李元增1, 2, 3, 程欣1, 2, 3, 马云淑1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南中医药大学中药学院, 昆明 650500
  • 2 云南省高校外用给药系统与制剂技术研究重点实验室, 昆明 650500
  • 3 云南省傣医药与彝医药重点实验室, 昆明 650500
  • 4 云南省南药可持续利用重点实验室, 昆明 650500
  • 陈怡莹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型给药系统研究

通讯作者:

* 马云淑,女,博士,教授,博士研究生导师 研究方向:新型给药系统研究 Tel:(0871)65919920
Preparation and Characterization of Mannose-Modified Cepharanthine Polymer Micelles
Yiying CHEN1, 2, 3, Yi ZHOU1, 2, 3, Liqin LUO1, 2, 3, Jie JIANG1, 2, 3, Bingduo CHENG1, 2, 3, Yuanzeng LI1, 2, 3, Xin CHENG1, 2, 3, Yunshu MA1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
  • 2 Yunnan Province University External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology Research Key Laboratory, Kunming 650500, China
  • 3 Yunnan Province Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine Primary Laboratory, Kunming 650500, China
  • 4 Yunnan Province Nanyao Sustainable Utilization Primary Laboratory, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-10-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.007
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目的 制备千金藤素(cepharanthine,CEP)聚合物胶束,并对其进行表征。方法 采用溶剂挥发法制备CEP聚合物胶束,在单因素考察的基础上,以包封率和载药量为指标,Box-Behnken响应面法进行制备工艺优化,并对其胶束的粒径分布、电位、体外释放等方面进行表征。结果 CEP聚合物胶束的最佳工艺为:取甘露糖-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(MA-PEG-PLGA) 50 mg,CEP 17.82 mg,溶解于0.25 mL丙酮中,逐滴加入14 mL的PBS溶液中,温度为60 ℃,以1 000 r·min-1的转速在磁力搅拌器上搅拌4 h,即得澄清的CEP聚合物胶束。优选得到的CEP聚合物胶束呈球形,平均粒径为(111.37±3.51)nm 、多分散系数(PDI)为(0.21±0.01)、Zeta电位(-9.78±2.15) mV;体外释放结果显示,CEP原料药在10 h内快速释放,其胶束在72 h内分别释放(79.99±4.96)%和(71.66±2.62)%,说明制成胶束后,CEP能实现缓释释放。冻干剂考察结果发现,0.5%的泊洛沙姆188冻干后复溶后粒径变化最小;溶血试验结果显示,将CEP制成胶束后,溶血率明显降低。 结论 本研究的优选处方及工艺可以用于CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA 聚合物胶束的制备,为后续CEP靶向制剂的研发奠定基础。

千金藤素  /  聚合物胶束  /  甘露糖  /  Box-Behnken响应面法  /  冻干粉

OBJECTIVE To prepare cepharanthine(CEP) polymer micelles and characterize them. METHODS The CEP polymer micelles were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Based on the single factor investigation, the preparation process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the entrapment efficiency and drug loading as indicators, and the particle size distribution, potential and in vitro release of the micelles were characterized. RESULTS The optimum process of CEP polymer micelle was as follows: 50 mg of MA-PEG-PLGA and 17.82 mg of CEP were dissolved in 0.25 mL of acetone, added dropwise into 14 mL of PBS solution at 60 ℃ and stirred on a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 1 000 r·min-1 for 4 hours to obtain a clear CEP polymer micelle. The optimized CEP polymer micelles are spherical, with an average particle size of (111.37±3.51) nm, a PDI of (0.21±0.01) and a Zeta potential of (-9.78±2.15) mV. In vitro release results showed that CEP was released rapidly within 10 h, and its micelles released (79.99±4.96)% and (71.66±2.62)% respectively within 72 h, indicating that CEP could be released slowly after being made into micelles. The results of freeze-drying agent investigation showed that 0.5% poloxamer 188 had the smallest change in complex particle size after freeze-drying. The results of hemolysis test showed that the hemolysis rate was obviously reduced after CEP was made into micelles. CONCLUSION The optimized formulation and technology in this study can be used for the preparation of CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA polymer micelles, which lays a foundation for the subsequent development of CEP targeted preparations.

cepharanthine  /  polymer micelle  /  mannose  /  Box-Behnken response surface method  /  freeze dried powder
陈怡莹, 周益, 罗丽琴, 姜婕, 程炳铎, 李元增, 程欣, 马云淑. 甘露糖修饰的千金藤素聚合物胶束的制备及表征. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (19) : 1834 -1842 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.007
Yiying CHEN, Yi ZHOU, Liqin LUO, Jie JIANG, Bingduo CHENG, Yuanzeng LI, Xin CHENG, Yunshu MA. Preparation and Characterization of Mannose-Modified Cepharanthine Polymer Micelles[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (19) : 1834 -1842 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.007
千金藤素(cepharanthine,CEP)是从防己科千金藤属植物的块根中提取分离出的一种双苄基异喹啉类生物碱单体化合物[1]。CEP具有抗炎、抗癌、抗病毒以及调节免疫等药理作用,临床上主要用来治疗白血病、贫血、脱发和蛇咬伤等[2]。近年来,CEP因其显著的抗病毒作用,特别是对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)病毒引起的新冠肺炎及其细胞因子风暴引起的急性肺损伤,具有显著抑制作用。CEP可通过抑制核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化、细胞因子产生、脂质过氧化以及一氧化氮产生等一系列反应减轻炎症反应[3-4]。然而,CEP溶解性差,口服不易吸收,生物利用度低及体内滞留时间短等问题限制了其应用。因此,为了有效地实现药物的缓释,降低药物的不良反应,提高药物的生物利用度,并选择性地将药物输送到炎症组织,将其制成纳米制剂。
在各类纳米制剂中,聚合物胶束以其稳定性与有效的载药能力受到高度关注。聚合物胶束通常由具有两亲性嵌段共聚物在水中自组装形成的壳-核结构,具有载药范围广、结构稳定、组织渗透性好、体内滞留时间长、靶向性好等特点[5]。聚合物胶束能增加疏水性药物的溶解度和稳定性,不易被网状内皮系统识别吞噬,并且可以通过炎症部位的高通透性和滞留效应实现药物胶束对癌组织和炎性组织的靶向作用。
甘露糖受体(mannose receptor,MR)是一种主要分布于巨噬细胞和树突状细胞表面的模式识别受体,甘露糖(mannose,MA)是其天然配体[6],可通过内吞作用促进其入胞,特异性识别巨噬细胞的MR,实现精准靶向,具有无毒、无免疫原性、生物相容性和生物可降解性良好等诸多优点[7]。炎症反应过程中,巨噬细胞被激活,MR表达也相应增加。MR作为肺泡巨噬细胞上高度表达的免疫受体,在糖蛋白清除、免疫反应和基质更新中起重要作用,在急性肺损伤的抗炎过程中也起着关键作用[8]。因此,本研究将MA修饰于聚合物胶束表面,将增强胶束对肺泡巨噬细胞的靶向性,提高其对炎症的治疗效果。
综上所述,本研究采用甘露糖-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(MA-PEG-PLGA)为载体,通过溶剂挥发法制备MA-PEG-PLGA聚合物胶束,并对聚合物胶束的包封率、载药量及粒径等进行详细表征。MA修饰的CEP 聚合物胶束可通过特异性结合巨噬细胞表面的MR达到靶向肺泡巨噬细胞的目的。
安捷伦1100型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦公司);R2000-30型电子天平(上海奥豪斯仪器有限公司);90PlusPALS型激光粒度仪(美国布鲁克海文仪器公司);DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司)。
MA-PEG2000-PLGA5000( 西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司 )、CEP原料药(含量≥98%,批号:M26HS179369,源叶生物)、CEP对照品(源叶生物,含量≥98%,批号:M26HB179369);超滤离心管(内管0.5 mL,外管2 mL,截留相对分子质量3000,型号:UFC 500396,密理博实验设备有限公司);磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、甲醇、丙酮为分析纯。
分别称取一定量的MA-PEG-PLGA和CEP置于2 mL离心管中,加入1 mL丙酮,超声使其充分溶解;逐滴加入PBS溶液中,在一定温度及转速下,搅拌一段时间,直至丙酮完全挥发,补足水相体积。过0.45 μm微孔滤膜,最终得到MA-PEG-PLGA聚合物胶束。以包封率和载药量为考察指标,筛选胶束的最佳制备工艺。PEG-PLGA聚合物胶束的制备方法将MA-PEG-PLGA替换为PEG-PLGA,其他步骤同上。
精密称取CEP对照品1.5 mg,置于10 mL量瓶中, 加入甲醇定容至刻度,超声溶解制成质量浓度为150 μg·mL-1的CEP对照品溶液。
精密吸取CEP聚合物胶体溶液100 μL,加入甲醇破乳并定容至10 mL量瓶中,即得供试品溶液。
采用Aglient-Poroshell HPH-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4 μm);流动相:水(体积分数0.2%三乙胺)-乙腈(30∶70);柱温:30 ℃;检测波长:282 nm;进样体积:20 μL;流速:1 mL·min-1
精密称取CEP对照品1.5 mg置于10 mL量瓶中,甲醇超声溶解,定容至刻度。梯度稀释,配置质量浓度为150、75、37.5、18.75、9.38、4.69、2.34 μg·mL-1的系列溶液,按“2.2.3”项下条件进样测定。以峰面积为纵坐标(y)、CEP浓度为横坐标(x),计算线性方程。
取适量CEP、CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束溶液及MA-PEG-PLGA空白剂胶束溶液,按“2.2.2”项下方法处理样品,按照“2.2.3”项下方法进样测定。
配置低、中、高浓度的CEP供试品溶液,1 d内重复进样3次、连续进样3 d,计算日间和日内精密度。实验结果表明,分别配置25、50、100 μg·mL-1对照品溶液,每天不同时间段测定峰面积,考察其日内精密度,共测3 d,考察日间精密度。
将80 μg·mL-1 CEP供试品溶液在室温下放置0、2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h,进样测定,记录峰面积。结果显示,CEP 含量测定相对标准偏差(RSD)值为0.17%,说明CEP对照品溶液24 h 内稳定性良好。
将80 μg·mL-1的CEP 供试品溶液重复进样6次,记录峰面积。
分别取202 μg·mL-1 CEP溶液0.5、1、1.5 mL到0.5 mL空白胶束溶液中,甲醇破乳定容至5 mL,计算CEP的加样回收率。
取500 μL聚合物胶束溶液于UFC 500396超滤离心管中,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取100 μL滤液转移到10 mL量瓶,定容后超声,测定M游离,再取100 μL聚合物胶束转移至10 mL量瓶,定容超声,测定M,按公式1~2分别计算包封率和载药量。
包封率(%)=(M-M游离)/M×100%
载药量(%)=(M-M游离)/M辅料+药物总质量×100%
以包封率及载药量为指标,10 mL PBS溶液,50 mg MA-PEG-PLGA 及适量CEP溶解于1 mL丙酮中,投药量为25、12.5、8.3、6.25及5 mg,考察不同投药量对聚合物胶束的影响。
以包封率及载药量为指标,50 mg MA-PEG-PLGA及5 mg CEP溶解于1 mL丙酮中,水相体积分别为6、8、10、12、14 mL,考察不同水相体积对聚合物胶束的影响。
以包封率及载药量为指标,50 mg MA-PEG-PLGA及5 mg CEP溶解于1 mL丙酮中,水相体积为10 mL,搅拌速度分别为600、800、1 000、1 200、1 400 r·min-1,考察搅拌速度对聚合物胶束的影响。
以包封率及载药量为指标,50 mg MA-PEG-PLGA 及5 mg CEP溶解于1 mL丙酮中,水相体积为10 mL,搅拌速度为1 000 r·min-1,有机相体积分别为0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2 mL,考察不同有机相体积对聚合物胶束的影响。
以包封率及载药量为指标,50 mg MA-PEG-PLGA 及5 mg CEP溶解于1 mL丙酮中,水相体积分别为10 mL,温度分别为20、30、40、50、60 ℃,考察不同温度对聚合物胶束的影响。
根据单因素结果,选取温度 (X1) 和投药量(X2)与水相体积 (X3) 为因素,在3水平上进行优化研究,以药物的包封率 (Y1) 与载药量 (Y2) 为响应值,建立数学模型优化制备工艺,以包封率及载药量为指标,选择投药量、水相体积及温度3个因素,设计3因素3水平试验方案,Design-Expert 12分析处理试验结果。
根据确定的最佳工艺条件制备3批样品, 与预测值进行比较。
分别取1 mL CEP原料药溶液、1 mL CEP-PEG-PLGA及CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束溶液置于透析袋中(相对分子质量为3 500),在40 mL含0.5% 聚山梨酯-80的PBS溶液中进行体外释放,取样时间为0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、10、12、24、36、48、60、72 h,取样1 mL,取样后补加同新鲜介质1 mL,过滤,测定CEP含量,计算累计释放率,并对体外释放进行拟合。
将CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束溶液置于样品池中,设定仪器参数,在常温条件下,使用激光纳米粒度分析仪测定其粒径、多分散系数(PDI)和Zeta电位。
选取甘露醇、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻糖、葡萄糖、PEG6000以及泊洛沙姆188(P188)对CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA 的冻干保护进行考察,取1 mL新制CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束置于离心管中,加入一定量的冻干保护剂,将两者混匀,于-80 ℃低温冰箱中分别预冻过夜,后立即进行冷冻干燥。以不加任何冻干保护剂的胶束溶液作为对照,所得冻干粉加入原体积的PBS复溶。同时测定冻干粉复溶后胶束的粒径、PDI评价冻干前后胶束的变化。
按照最佳处方工艺制备CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束,12 000 r·min-1离心5 min取上清液,超纯水稀释50倍,20 μg·mL-1的磷钨酸进行负染,透射电镜下观察胶束的微观形态,并拍照记录。
取 4 mL SD大鼠全血,1 200 r·min-1条件下离心 5 min,弃去上清液。加入生理盐水洗涤红细胞至上清液无色,再用生理盐水稀释制备成体积分数2%的红细胞悬液。稀释制备 CEP质量浓度依次为 10、20、30 μg·mL-1的CEP原料药溶液、CEP-PEG-PLGA、CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA 胶束溶液和CEP-PEG-PLGA、CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA混合胶束冻干制剂水化溶液(生理盐水水化)。取 0.5 mL 的药物溶液置于1.5 mL离心管,加入等体积的体积分数2%红细胞悬液混匀,将离心管置于 37℃ 温度条件下孵育3 h后,12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取200 μL上清液使用酶标仪检测540 nm处的吸光度(A)。分别使用生理盐水和超纯水加入等体积体积分数2%红细胞悬液作为阴性对照和阳性对照,溶血率按公式3计算:
溶血率(%)=(A-A阴性组)/(A阳性组-A阴性组)×100%
得到的线性关系为y=10.197x-17.874(r2=0.999 2),结果表明,CEP质量浓度在2.34~150 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好。
结果见图1,CEP峰形良好,无空白辅料干扰,说明该方法专属性良好。
结果显示,CEP供试品溶液低、中、高浓度的日内精密度RSD值分别为0.26%、0.22%、0.58%,日间精密度分别为0.13%、0.17%、0.33%,均小于3%,说明仪器精密度良好。
结果显示,CEP含量测定RSD值为0.17%,说明CEP 供试品溶液24 h 内稳定性良好。
结果显示,CEP含量测定RSD值为0.70%,说明该方法重复性良好。
结果显示,CEP低、中、高3种浓度的平均加样回收率分别为102.97%、101.35%、98.84%,RSD值分别为0.63%、0.47%、0.40%,均小于3%,说明该方法测定 CEP 的回收率高。
结果见表2,随着投药量的增加,胶束的包封率先增大后减小,但载药量呈增加的趋势,当投药量过高时,液体出现混浊,药物大量沉淀,而载药量的增加小于投药量的增加。且投药量对包封率及载药量影响较大,后续将对5~25 mg投药量进行优化。
结果见表3,随着水相体积的增大,包封率及载药量先增大后减小,后有增大趋势,且影响较大。说明水相体积越大,聚合物胶束能充分分散在PBS中,包封率及载药量越高。但随着水相体积加大,可能是会导致载体的浓度降低,从而使包载药物的能力变弱。因此,后续需对6~14 mL水相体积进行优化。
结果见表4,随着搅拌速度的增大,包封率及载药量先增大后减小,总体对其影响较小。这可能是搅拌速度较低时,混合不够均匀,形成的载药胶束较少,而搅拌速度较高时,形成的载药胶束会被破坏,释放出药物。当搅拌速度为1 000 r·min-1时,包封率及载药量最大,故选择搅拌速度1 000 r·min-1
结果见表5,随着有机相体积的增大,包封率及载药量逐渐减小,但其影响较小。说明有机溶剂体积越大,溶剂越难挥发,残留在水相中越多。当有机溶剂体积为0.25 mL时,包封率及载药量最大,故选择有机溶剂体积为0.25 mL。
结果见表6,随着温度的升高,包封率及载药量先增大后减小,且影响较大。随着温度的升高,辅料和药物能充分分散在水相中,越容易形成胶束;但温度越高,会导致包载的药物渗漏,导致包封率及载药量下降。因此,后续需对温度20~60 ℃进行优化。
结果见表7,包封率(EE/%)=80.48+1.43A-13.43B+3.02C+0.072 5AB+0.420 0AC+3.15BC+2.38A2-3.59B2-2.33C2,模型P<0.000 1,具有显著性,失拟项P>0.1,不具有显著性,且B、C、BC、B2都具有显著性,影响胶束包封率的影响因素从大到小排序为:投药量>水相体积>温度。载药量(DL/%)=18.78+1.39A+5.36B+1.31C+1.29AB-0.997 5AC+1.18BC-1.06A2-4.56 B2-0.236 0C2,模型P<0.000 1,具有显著性,失拟项P>0.1,不具有显著性,且A、B、C、AB、AC、BC、B2都具有显著性,影响胶束包封率的影响因素从大到小排序为:投药量>温度>水相体积。Design Expert 12优化出的最佳工艺为投药量为18.82 mg,温度为60 ℃,水相体积为14 mL,预测包封率为82.23%,载药量为21.03%。结果见图2~3
根据确定的最佳工艺条件制备3批样品,与预测值进行比较,结果见表8,各指标实测值与预测值的差异较小,RSD值均小于5%,表明优化后的胶束处方重现性良好。
结果见图4,表9。CEP在10 h 内快速释放完全,而CEP-PEG-PLGA胶束及CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束72 h内分别释放(79.99±4.96)%和(71.66±2.62)% 。零级动力学方程、一级动力学方程、Higuchi方程对其的体外释放度进行拟合度分析。结果显示,CEP原料药溶液符合Higuchi模型,而聚合物胶束的体外释放曲线符合一级动力学方程,表明将CEP制成聚合物胶束后,提高了药物溶解度和稳定性,聚合物胶束具有缓释作用,具备后续开发的潜力。
图5结果显示,CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束粒径为(111.37±3.51) nm 、PDI为(0.21±0.01)、Zeta电位(-9.78±2.15 )mV。表明胶束粒径较小,且分散均匀。
表10结果显示,无冻干保护剂的胶束对比冻干之前,粒径变化最大;5 mg·mL-1海藻糖和5 mg·mL-1葡萄糖冻干保护作用最差。从外观看,其中PEG6000及P188组冻干粉细腻,结构完整,用纯水复溶后无结块,其他组均存在肉眼可见的不溶颗粒。综合复溶后各保护剂冻干后的纳米粒,发现5 mg·mL-1188 冻干后粒径及PDI变化最小,聚合物胶束质地松软,保护剂为单个的P188时为最佳,因此选择5 mg·mL-1的P188对该聚合物胶束进行冻干保护。
结果显示,电镜下胶束呈球形,大小均一,分散性良好,见图6。从色泽、疏松程度及表面状态等角度观察,聚合物胶束主要以球形纳米微粒形式分散,冻干后的胶束颗粒分散均匀,疏松细腻,表面平整的白色粉末状态。
结果见表11。CEP原料药的溶血率均高于胶束溶液及其冻干粉,并随浓度的升高而增大;CEP-PEG-PLGA胶束的溶液及其冻干粉、CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束的溶液及其冻干粉溶血率在0.42%~2.69%之间,均小于5%,将CEP包载后,溶血率下降,表明聚合物胶束具有良好的血液相容性,说明静脉注射时不会引起溶血,安全性高。
本研究中最佳工艺制备的CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束的包封率为(80.89±0.51)%,载药量为(21.28±0.13)% ;预实验发现,影响聚合物胶束包封率及载药量的因素有:有机溶剂及水相的选择、药辅比、温度、水相体积等,其中辅料的选择是影响药物包封率的最大因素,辅料与药物亲和力越强,则包封率和载药量越高。CEP在水相中溶解度仅为3.98×10-2 mg·mL-1[10],本研究中PEG与PLGA两者共价结合可避免网状内皮系统吞噬,其不仅具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,而且可有效改善药物水溶性、增加药物稳定性以及减轻免疫原性[11-12]。CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束可使药物主动靶向到炎症部位,具有延长药物作用时间,减少不良反应、提高疗效等优点。
聚合物胶束的载药方法有多种,主要有物理包裹、化学偶联和静电吸附等方式。制备方法有直接溶解法、透析法、溶剂挥发法[13]。预实验发现,薄膜分散法制备的CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束水化过程容易整块膜脱落,胶束难以成型,包封率及载药量都较低;透析法制备的胶束载药量高,但包封率较低,且胶束粒径较大,稳定差,容易产生沉淀。结果发现,溶剂挥发法制备的胶束包封率、载药量及稳定性都较好,最终确定该方法为制备CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束的方法。制备过程中使用丙酮作为有机溶剂,使用60 ℃作为溶剂挥发及胶束成型温度,既保证丙酮完全挥发,也获得了成型性好、包封率及载药量较高的胶束。对聚合物胶束体外释放性能研究中,CEP 10 h内已完全释放,而CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA胶束仍然处于释放状态,72 h才达到释放稳态,说明将CEP制成聚合物胶束后,有效提高了药物溶解度和稳定性,降低药物的突释,有效控制药物的释放速率。Zeta电位显示,MA-CEP-PEG-PLGA胶束的电位为(-9.78±2.15)mV,说明胶束的稳定性较差;因此,将其冻干,本研究考察了蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、海藻糖、PEG6000等7种冻干保护剂的效果,结果显示,只有PEG6000和P188能得到分散性良好的冻干产物,而其他糖类保护剂制备的载药胶束的冻干产品皱缩严重,且分散性很差。有研究显示,PEG和P188在冻干过程中主要能对聚乙二醇链结构的胶束起到立体稳定剂的作用,阻止聚合物胶束发生聚集,达到稳定的效果[14]。本研究最终选择质量分数0.5% 的 P188作为冻干保护剂,能最大限度地保护胶束的立体结构,冻干前后粒径及PDI较小,复溶后胶束澄清透明,无明显沉淀。为了验证CEP-MA-PEG-PLGA聚合物胶束的安全性,本研究通过体外溶血试验考察胶束的红细胞溶血率,结果显示,10、20、30 μg·mL-13种质量浓度条件下,CEP的溶血率均高于其胶束溶液及冻干粉,说明CEP制成胶束后体外安全性较好,静脉注射不会产生溶血。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(82174065)
  • 云南省科技厅社会发展专项-重点研发计划项目资助(202303AC100025)
  • 云南省傣医药与彝医药重点实验室开放课题资助(202210ZD2207)
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2024年第59卷第19期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.007
  • 接收时间:2023-07-05
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-10-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-05
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(82174065)
云南省科技厅社会发展专项-重点研发计划项目资助(202303AC100025)
云南省傣医药与彝医药重点实验室开放课题资助(202210ZD2207)
作者信息
    1 云南中医药大学中药学院, 昆明 650500
    2 云南省高校外用给药系统与制剂技术研究重点实验室, 昆明 650500
    3 云南省傣医药与彝医药重点实验室, 昆明 650500
    4 云南省南药可持续利用重点实验室, 昆明 650500

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* 马云淑,女,博士,教授,博士研究生导师 研究方向:新型给药系统研究 Tel:(0871)65919920
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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