Article(id=1212693247235904330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)19-1868-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.19.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711987200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058200891, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1728316800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058200891, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058200891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058200891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212693246539649865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='19', pageStart='1781', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058200723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767059042003, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696775207600634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696775207600635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212693246539649865, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1868, endPage=1873, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212693247470785356, articleId=1212693247235904330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Determination of Genotoxic Impurity Dimethyl Sulfate in Neostigmine Methylsulfate Bulk Drug by Derivatization HS-GC-FID, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a new derivatization headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) method to detect the residual amount of dimethyl sulfate in neostigmine methylsulfate bulk drug. METHODS Various derivatization methods were screened and then optimized. n-Butanol was used as the derivatization agent and methylated with dimethyl sulfate at the temperature of 50 ℃, producing the derivatization product methyl n-butyl ether. The analytical column was DB-624 (0.32 mm×30 m, 1.8 μm). The column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃, holding for 8 min, then was raised to 220 ℃ at the rate of 30 ℃·min-1, holding for 2 min. The flow rate of carrier gas nitrogen was 2.0 mL·min-1. The detection was achieved in FID with the injection port temperature of 200 ℃ and the detector temperature of 230 ℃. RESULTS Neostigmine methylsulfate showed no false positive interference with the detection of dimethyl sulfate. The calibration curve of dimethyl sulfate had good linearity over the range of 6.066 to 151.7 μg·mL-1 (r2=0.999 9). The average recovery of dimethyl sulfate was 99.9%, and the RSD was 2.6%(n=9). CONCLUSION This method exhibits good specificity, simplicity, and high accuracy, and it can be used for the determination of genotoxic impurity dimethyl sulfate in neostigmine methylsulfate bulk drug.

, correspAuthors=Jinqi ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Pinping WU, Xiaoju XIA, Xiaoqing WANG, Xinyu ZHAO, Qi LIU, Jinqi ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212693248460641108, articleId=1212693247235904330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=衍生化-顶空气相色谱法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种新的衍生化顶空-气相色谱-FID法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯的残留量。方法 筛选多种衍生化方法并进行优化,采用正丁醇作为衍生剂,50 ℃条件下与硫酸二甲酯进行甲基化反应,生成1-甲基正丁醚;选用DB-624 (0.32 mm× 30 m,1.8 μm) 为色谱柱,程序升温,起始温度为40 ℃,维持8 min,以30 ℃·min-1的升温速率升温至220 ℃,保持2 min;以氮气为载气;流速为2.0 mL·min-1;采用FID检测器,进样口温度为200 ℃;检测器温度为230 ℃。结果 甲硫酸新斯的明对硫酸二甲酯的检测无假阳性干扰,硫酸二甲酯在6.066~151.7 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好(r2=0.999 9),硫酸二甲酯的平均回收率为99.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6% (n=9)。经检测,3批原料药中均未检出硫酸二甲酯。结论 本方法专属性好、操作简便、准确度高,适用于甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯基因毒性杂质的检测。

, correspAuthors=郑金琪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 郑金琪,男,博士,研究员 研究方向:药物质量标准研究 Tel:(0571)86459422
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吴频平,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:药物质量标准研究

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J Appl Pharm Sci Res, 2023, 6(2): 8-15., articleTitle=Method development and validation of dimethyl sulphate content in esomeprazole magnesium drug substance by GC-MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212795880567132647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693247235904330, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=942, pageEnd=945, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LI C X, CHEN Y, XIA X H, journalName=Chin J Mod Appl Pharm(中国现代应用药学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI C X, CHEN Y, XIA X H. Trace determination of dimethyl sulfate in clopidogrel bisulfate by GC-MS[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm(中国现代应用药学), 2022, 39 (7): 942-945., articleTitle=Trace determination of dimethyl sulfate in clopidogrel bisulfate by GC-MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212795880655213034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693247235904330, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=156, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=DENG G F, YAO T W, journalName=J Zhejiang Univ Med Sci(浙江大学学报医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG G F, YAO T W. Determination of dimethyl sulphateresidual in granisetron hydrochloride by headspace gaschromatography[J]. 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Microchem J, 2017, 133: 506-509., articleTitle=Determination of residual dimethyl sulfate in hexaconazole technical (fungicide) by head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212795880789430766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693247235904330, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10, issue=8, pageStart=84, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ANERAO A, PATIL B, PRADHAN N, journalName=Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANERAO A, PATIL B, PRADHAN N. Determination of residual dimethyl sulfate in methoxsalen drug substance by pre-column derivatization with static headspace gas chromatography[J]. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2018, 10 (8): 84-89., articleTitle=Determination of residual dimethyl sulfate in methoxsalen drug substance by pre-column derivatization with static headspace gas chromatography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212795880864928242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212693247235904330, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=GRINBERG N, ALBU F, FANDRICK K, journalName=J Pharm Biomed Anal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRINBERG N, ALBU F, FANDRICK K, et al. Assay at low ppm level of dimethyl sulfate in starting materials for API synthesis using derivatization in ionic liquid media and LC-MS[J]. 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Recovery of dimethyl sulfate in neostigmine methylsulfate (n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number Limit
/%
ρ(Added)
/μg·mL-1
ρ(Found)
/μg·mL-1
Recovery
/%
Average recovery
/%
Total average recovery
/%
RSD
/%
1 50 15.17 15.62 103.0 102.0 99.9 2.6
2 50 15.17 15.20 100.2
3 50 15.17 15.59 102.8
4 100 30.33 29.30 96.6 97.8
5 100 30.33 29.81 98.3
6 100 30.33 29.89 98.5
7 150 45.50 44.01 96.7 96.6
8 150 45.50 43.88 96.5
9 150 45.50 43.89 96.5
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甲硫酸新斯的明中硫酸二甲酯的回收率(n=9)

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Number Limit
/%
ρ(Added)
/μg·mL-1
ρ(Found)
/μg·mL-1
Recovery
/%
Average recovery
/%
Total average recovery
/%
RSD
/%
1 50 15.17 15.62 103.0 102.0 99.9 2.6
2 50 15.17 15.20 100.2
3 50 15.17 15.59 102.8
4 100 30.33 29.30 96.6 97.8
5 100 30.33 29.81 98.3
6 100 30.33 29.89 98.5
7 150 45.50 44.01 96.7 96.6
8 150 45.50 43.88 96.5
9 150 45.50 43.89 96.5
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衍生化-顶空气相色谱法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯
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吴频平 1 , 夏小菊 2 , 王小青 2 , 赵昕钰 3 , 刘淇 4 , 郑金琪 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(19): 1868-1873
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(19): 1868-1873
衍生化-顶空气相色谱法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯
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吴频平1, 夏小菊2, 王小青2, 赵昕钰3, 刘淇4, 郑金琪1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江省食品药品检验研究院, 浙江省药品接触材料质量控制研究重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局仿制药评价关键技术重点实验室, 杭州 310052
  • 2 浙江海昇药业股份有限公司, 浙江 衢州 324004
  • 3 浙江工业大学, 杭州 310014
  • 4 杭州医学院, 杭州 310053
  • 吴频平,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:药物质量标准研究

通讯作者:

* 郑金琪,男,博士,研究员 研究方向:药物质量标准研究 Tel:(0571)86459422
Determination of Genotoxic Impurity Dimethyl Sulfate in Neostigmine Methylsulfate Bulk Drug by Derivatization HS-GC-FID
Pinping WU1, Xiaoju XIA2, Xiaoqing WANG2, Xinyu ZHAO3, Qi LIU4, Jinqi ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 NMPA Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Material Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China
  • 2 Zhejiang Haisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Quzhou 321004, China
  • 3 Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
  • 4 Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
出版时间: 2024-10-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.011
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目的 建立一种新的衍生化顶空-气相色谱-FID法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯的残留量。方法 筛选多种衍生化方法并进行优化,采用正丁醇作为衍生剂,50 ℃条件下与硫酸二甲酯进行甲基化反应,生成1-甲基正丁醚;选用DB-624 (0.32 mm× 30 m,1.8 μm) 为色谱柱,程序升温,起始温度为40 ℃,维持8 min,以30 ℃·min-1的升温速率升温至220 ℃,保持2 min;以氮气为载气;流速为2.0 mL·min-1;采用FID检测器,进样口温度为200 ℃;检测器温度为230 ℃。结果 甲硫酸新斯的明对硫酸二甲酯的检测无假阳性干扰,硫酸二甲酯在6.066~151.7 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好(r2=0.999 9),硫酸二甲酯的平均回收率为99.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6% (n=9)。经检测,3批原料药中均未检出硫酸二甲酯。结论 本方法专属性好、操作简便、准确度高,适用于甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯基因毒性杂质的检测。

甲硫酸新斯的明  /  硫酸二甲酯  /  甲基化  /  气相色谱

OBJECTIVE To establish a new derivatization headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) method to detect the residual amount of dimethyl sulfate in neostigmine methylsulfate bulk drug. METHODS Various derivatization methods were screened and then optimized. n-Butanol was used as the derivatization agent and methylated with dimethyl sulfate at the temperature of 50 ℃, producing the derivatization product methyl n-butyl ether. The analytical column was DB-624 (0.32 mm×30 m, 1.8 μm). The column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃, holding for 8 min, then was raised to 220 ℃ at the rate of 30 ℃·min-1, holding for 2 min. The flow rate of carrier gas nitrogen was 2.0 mL·min-1. The detection was achieved in FID with the injection port temperature of 200 ℃ and the detector temperature of 230 ℃. RESULTS Neostigmine methylsulfate showed no false positive interference with the detection of dimethyl sulfate. The calibration curve of dimethyl sulfate had good linearity over the range of 6.066 to 151.7 μg·mL-1 (r2=0.999 9). The average recovery of dimethyl sulfate was 99.9%, and the RSD was 2.6%(n=9). CONCLUSION This method exhibits good specificity, simplicity, and high accuracy, and it can be used for the determination of genotoxic impurity dimethyl sulfate in neostigmine methylsulfate bulk drug.

neostigmine methylsulfate  /  dimethyl sulfate  /  methylation  /  gas chromatography
吴频平, 夏小菊, 王小青, 赵昕钰, 刘淇, 郑金琪. 衍生化-顶空气相色谱法测定甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (19) : 1868 -1873 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.011
Pinping WU, Xiaoju XIA, Xiaoqing WANG, Xinyu ZHAO, Qi LIU, Jinqi ZHENG. Determination of Genotoxic Impurity Dimethyl Sulfate in Neostigmine Methylsulfate Bulk Drug by Derivatization HS-GC-FID[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (19) : 1868 -1873 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.011
甲硫酸新斯的明为白色结晶性粉末,是一种可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂,常以注射给药,临床上主要用于重症肌无力[1-2]、急性结肠假性梗阻[3-4]与尿潴留[5]等。硫酸二甲酯(DMS)是药物合成中常用的甲基化试剂[6],会作为起始原料参与原料药的合成反应。硫酸二甲酯作为甲基化试剂能与DNA碱基对上具有氮位点核酸结合,进行碱基对的替代,从而引起碱基对中断或重排,具有潜在的遗传毒性和致癌性[7-10]。根据现有合成工艺,甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中可能残留有基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯。目前甲硫酸新斯的明收载在《美国药典》《中国药典》和《日本药局方》,但是现行标准对于硫酸二甲酯的控制和检测均未有报道,根据欧洲药事管理局和美国食品药品监督管理局的法规要求,基因毒性杂质的毒理学关注阈值(threshold of toxicological concern,TTC)限度为1.5 μg·d-1[11-12],甲硫酸新斯的明每日最大摄入量为5 mg,因此,推算出甲硫酸新斯的明中硫酸二甲酯的最大可接受限度约为0.03%。为了确保甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯浓度降低至可接受水平,对其进行有效监控至关重要。
由于硫酸二甲酯具有挥发性,常用气相色谱(GC)法进行测定[13-16]。硫酸二甲酯理化性质比较活泼,其原型在溶液状态下不稳定,在加热条件下易分解生成甲醇[17],直接测定会导致结果不准确,由于硫酸二甲酯是甲基化试剂,因此可以采用衍生化方法进行测定。Petha等[18],采用碱性条件下硫酸二甲酯与丁醇发生烷基化反应,通过顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定己唑醇中的硫酸二甲酯残留量。Anerao等[19]将硫酸二甲酯与苯酚钠进行衍生化反应生成茴香醚,建立并验证了一种灵敏的柱前衍生顶空气相色谱法(HS-GC)测定甲氧沙林活性药物成分中硫酸二甲酯杂质的方法。Grinberg等[20]将硫酸二甲酯与二苯并氮杂进行衍生化反应生成N-甲基衍生物,通过液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)法检测原料药美托洛尔中痕量的硫酸二甲酯。参考Petha 等[18]衍生化方法,对衍生化方法进行探索过程中发现,甲硫酸新斯的明在碱性条件下加热,甲硫酸基团会发生电离释放出来,同时参与甲基化反应生成目标衍生化产物,干扰目标物检测,出现假阳性结果。因此,为了解决以上问题,需要建立专属性更好的检测方法来实现甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中硫酸二甲酯的检测。本实验建立了一种新的衍生化-气相色谱法对甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯进行检测并完成了方法学验证。硫酸二甲酯在中性条件下加热与正丁醇发生甲基化反应,生成衍生化产物1-甲基正丁醚,而甲硫酸新斯的明中的甲硫酸基团在中性条件下不干扰衍生化反应的进行,生成的衍生化产物性质稳定,在气相色谱上具有较好的响应,通过间接测定衍生化产物能够准确测定残留的硫酸二甲酯,本方法具有专属性强、稳定性好、准确性高的优点,为相关企业监测原料药中硫酸二甲酯提供了参考方法。
Agilent 7890气相色谱仪、DB-624毛细管柱(0.32 mm×30 m, 1.8 μm)(美国安捷伦公司)、METTLER TOLEDO XPE205电子天平(瑞士梅特勒公司)。
硫酸二甲酯[批号:MOURR6KA,纯度:99%,萨恩化学技术(上海)有限公司];1-甲基正丁醚(批号:K2222260,纯度:99%,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、正丁醇、甲醇、甲苯、异丙醇、丙酮均为色谱纯;乙酸乙酯为分析纯。
顶空瓶平衡温度:70 ℃;定量环温度:80 ℃;传输线温度:90 ℃;平衡时间:20 min,GC 循环时间:26 min;顶空瓶辅助加压:103.42 kPa;进样量:1.0 mL。
衍生化条件:烘箱温度50 ℃,时间3 h。
GC采用氮气(纯度≥99.99%)为载气,流速为2.0 mL·min-1,分流比为5∶1。柱温箱升温程序:起始温度为40 ℃,维持8 min,以30 ℃·min-1的升温速率升温至220 ℃,保持2 min。采用FID检测器,进样口温度为200 ℃;检测器温度为230 ℃。
对照品溶液:取硫酸二甲酯对照品适量,用正丁醇制成每1 mL中约含30 μg的溶液,取1.0 mL,加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1.0 mL、正丁醇3.0 mL,置同一20 mL顶空瓶中,轧盖密封。
供试品溶液:精密称取本品约1.0 g,置10 mL量瓶中,加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,取1.0 mL,加正丁醇4.0 mL,置同一20 mL顶空瓶中,轧盖密封。
空白溶液:量取N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1.0 mL和正丁醇4 mL,置同一20 mL顶空瓶中,轧盖密封。
取“2.3”项下对照品溶液、供试品溶液、空白溶液,另配制一定浓度1-甲基丁醚定位溶液,按“2.1”“2.2”项下衍生化处理条件及顶空GC-FID 条件进行分析,气相色谱图见图1。实验结果表明空白溶剂无干扰。硫酸二甲酯与正丁醇发生SN2反应生成1-甲基丁醚,反应机制见图2,参考的文献衍生化方法中,通过质谱解析已对硫酸二甲酯衍生化产物作结构确证,为1-甲基丁醚,通过气相色谱图可以看出,硫酸二甲酯衍生物峰与1-甲基丁醚定位溶液峰在气相色谱图上出峰位置一致,因此,此衍生化反应生成的硫酸二甲酯衍生化产物为1-甲基丁醚。甲硫酸新斯的明原药中可能残留有其他有机溶剂,为考察方法的专属性,对可能残留的甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲苯与硫酸二甲酯配成一定浓度的定位溶液,在选定的色谱条件下测定,结果见图3,硫酸二甲酯衍生化产物1-甲基丁醚与甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲苯等保留时间不同,各组分分离良好,这些有机溶剂的存在不会干扰硫酸二甲酯的检出,此方法专属性良好。
取“2.3”项下对照品溶液加正丁醇适当稀释,按“2.1”“2.2”项下衍生化处理条件及顶空GC-FID 条件进行分析,当信噪比(S/N)≥3时的浓度作为检测限溶液,当S/N≥10时的浓度作为定量限溶液,测得硫酸二甲酯检测限浓度为3.033 μg·mL-1(S/N=6.9),相当于供试品溶液浓度的0.003%,定量限浓度为6.066 μg·mL-1(S/N=11.4),相当于供试品溶液浓度的0.006%,灵敏度可以满足硫酸二甲酯限度为0.03%的检测要求。
取硫酸二甲酯对照品适量,按“2.3”项下方法制成系列浓度对照品溶液,得到待测物质量浓度分别为6.066、15.17、24.26、30.33、36.40、45.50、60.66、151.17 μg·mL-1 的溶液。按“2.1”“2.2”项下条件衍生化后用顶空GC-FID进行分析。以峰面积为纵坐标(y),浓度为横坐标(x)绘制标准曲线,计算线性方程和相关系数,得到y=0.656 1x+0.428 7 (r2=0.999 8),表明硫酸二甲酯在6.066~151.7 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好。
取硫酸二甲酯对照品适量,用正丁醇配制成质量浓度约为150、300、450 μg·mL-1对照品加标溶液。取甲硫酸新斯的明样品(批号:J210602)1.0 g,置10 mL量瓶中,加入硫酸二甲酯150、300、450 μg·mL-1对照品加标溶液1.0 mL,加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀。3 个浓度水平分别平行制备3 份。按“2.1”“2.2”项下分析条件衍生化后进行GC-FID 分析,按“2.6”项下线性方程计算。甲硫酸新斯的明样品中硫酸二甲酯回收率结果见表1,平均回收率为99.9% (RSD=2.6%,n=9),表明该方法回收率较好。
取甲硫酸新斯的明样品(批号:J210602),按“2.7”项下方法配制供试品100%限度加标溶液,平行制备6份,按“2.1”“2.2”项下条件衍生化后用GC-FID分析,平行测定6次,6份甲硫酸新斯的明样品中硫酸二甲酯的加标回收率平均值为97.7% (RSD=0.74%,n=6),表明重复性较好。
同法,另外同法制备5份100%限度加标溶液,供试品溶液于室温下放置0、4、9、12、17 h,再按“2.1”“2.2”项下的分析条件进行GC-FID 分析,结果硫酸二甲酯的测定结果峰面积变化均不大于1.3%,与0 h的测定结果无明显差异,表明供试品溶液在17 h内稳定较好。
取甲硫酸新斯的明样品(批号:J210602),按“2.7”项下方法配制供试品100%限度加标溶液,分别考察进样口温度(200±10) ℃、流速(2.0±0.2) mL·min-1,计算加标样品溶液中各硫酸二甲酯的回收率。试验结果表明在上述检测条件下,硫酸二甲酯加标回收率均在90%~110%范围内,证明了该方法的耐用性良好。
按“2.3”项下方法配制供试品溶液,取供试品溶液按“2.1”“2.2”项下的条件衍生化后用GC-FID分析,对3批样品中基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯进行测定,均未检出,结果均符合要求,表明甲硫酸新斯的明原料药生产企业在生产工艺对基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯控制良好。
本方法参考Petha等[18]衍生化方法,改为采用GC-FID法进行检测,灵敏度也可以达到测定要求(限度要求0.03%)。结果发现,采用氢氧化钠-正丁醇作为衍生化试剂,甲硫酸新斯的明在碱性条件下加热,甲硫酸基团会电离出来与正丁醇同样发生甲基化反应,也生成1-甲基正丁醚,出现假阳性结果,干扰目标物检测。因此,为了避免甲硫酸新斯的明对硫酸二甲酯检测的干扰,本实验分别考察了氢氧化钠溶液-正丁醇、碳酸钠水溶液-正丁醇、无水碳酸钠的正丁醇饱和溶液、正丁醇等作为衍生化试剂对衍生化反应的影响,结果表明,在强碱和弱碱条件下衍生化反应,甲硫酸新斯的明均有干扰,最终选择采用以正丁醇作为衍生化试剂,中性条件下直接加热进行衍生化反应,实验结果表明,甲硫酸新斯的明对硫酸二甲酯的检测无干扰,具有较好的选择性,且灵敏度可满足测定要求。
因衍生化反应受衍生化的条件影响,因此,对衍生化条件中的温度、时间和衍生化试剂加入量分别进行了考察。在其他条件相同的情况下,试验分别考察了不同衍生化温度40、50、60、70 ℃对衍生化效率的影响,结果表明,由于硫酸二甲酯自身稳定性差,温度过高会分解,影响衍生化效率;温度低,转换速率慢,反应需要的时间长,最后选择50 ℃作为衍生化的温度。在其他条件相同的情况下,进一步考察不同衍生化时间的影响,分别考察了0、0.5、1、2、3、4 h,实验结果显示,衍生化反应在3 h已经达到平衡,继续增加衍生化时间,生成的衍生化产物面积基本不变,最终选择3 h为衍生化的时间。以加入300 μg·mL-1硫酸二甲酯对照品溶液1 mL为研究对象,考察了衍生化试剂正丁醇加入量为(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mL)对硫酸二甲酯衍生化效果的影响,试验结果表明,随着正丁醇加入量(1.0、2.0 mL)变大,衍生化产物转换产率变高,而继续增加衍生化试剂的加入量,衍生化产率基本不变,考虑到硫酸二甲酯不稳定,为保证衍生化反应进行完全,最终选择加入稍过量的正丁醇(3.0 mL)进行衍生化反应。
硫酸二甲酯是合成甲硫酸新斯的明原料药过程中产生的潜在杂质,对于硫酸二甲酯检测的研究在相关文献中已有报道,但是这些方法不适用于在甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中检测硫酸二甲酯。本研究建立了一种衍生化HS-GC-FID法测定甲硫酸新斯的明中硫酸二甲酯并进行了方法学验证,满足基因毒性杂质硫酸二甲酯在甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中的毒理学检测浓度的要求(根据ICH指导原则,硫酸二甲酯的TTC为1.5 μg·d-1)。该方法在硫酸二甲酯质量浓度为6.066~151.7 μg·mL-1时线性关系良好(r2=0.999 9),检测限为3.03 μg·mL-1,相当于样品浓度0.003%,杂质硫酸二甲酯低、中、高浓度的样品加标回收率分别为102.0%,97.8%,96.6%,总平均回收率为99.9%,RSD=2.6%(n=9)。对3批次原料药进行测定,结果均未检出硫酸二甲酯,表明甲硫酸新斯的明原料药生产企业在生产工艺环节对硫酸二甲酯杂质控制良好。本方法操作简单,稳定性高,专属性强,准确性好,可应用于甲硫酸新斯的明原料药中残留的硫酸二甲酯的测定,为原料药中基因毒性杂质的控制提供了有利的控制方法。
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2024年第59卷第19期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.19.011
  • 接收时间:2024-04-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-10-08
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    1 浙江省食品药品检验研究院, 浙江省药品接触材料质量控制研究重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局仿制药评价关键技术重点实验室, 杭州 310052
    2 浙江海昇药业股份有限公司, 浙江 衢州 324004
    3 浙江工业大学, 杭州 310014
    4 杭州医学院, 杭州 310053

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* 郑金琪,男,博士,研究员 研究方向:药物质量标准研究 Tel:(0571)86459422
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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