Article(id=1212692496619061564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)18-1748-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.18.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1707235200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058021931, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1726934400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058021931, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058021931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058021931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212692495675343162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='18', pageStart='1665', pageEnd='1778', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058021692, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058962460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696441533940214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696441533940215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1748, endPage=1756, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212692496962994495, articleId=1212692496619061564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=A Retrospective Analysis of Post-Marketing Adverse Drug Reactions of Sindilizumab Domestic PD-1 Antibody Drug, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and analyze real-world post-marketing adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of sindilizumab and provide critical reference for safe clinical medication. METHODS The data were sourced from the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System database, covering ADR reports related to sindilizumab in Beijing area in the past five years. These reports identified sindilizumab as the suspected drug to the ADRs. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS A total of 155 sindilizumab-related ADR reports were analyzed. In terms of gender distribution, the ratio of male to female patients was 1.77∶1. Skin reactions were the most common ADRs reported. Allergic reactions dominated ADR reports occurring within 24 hours. Severe ADRs accounted for 26.45% of the reports, with most severe reactions occurring after 24 hours of medication use (P=0.005). In patients with tumors not included in the approved indications, the risk of experiencing severe ADRs was significantly higher compared with those with indicated conditions (P=0.006). Nine patients experienced ADRs due to drug dosages exceeding the recommended dosage in the instructions. Additionally, the concomitant use of the drug with lenvatinib was associated with the emergence of new safety signals, including myocardial infarction and diabetic ketoacidosis, necessitating heightened vigilance in clinical practice. CONCLUSION This investigation has uncovered an augmented risk of severe ADRs in individuals receiving medications for non-indicated uses. Consequently, implementation of stricter surveillance measures is needed for patients with off-label conditions to facilitate timely medical interventions. Notably, a significant incidence of severe ADRs is observed to occur beyond the initial 24-hour period following treatment. Thus, individuals receiving the drug in day-care unit should be explicitly instructed to closely monitor their post-medication health status upon discharge and to seek immediate medical consultation in case of any arising discomfort. There exists noncompliance with the recommended dosage, thus attention should be paid to such cases. Moreover, concurrent use of sindilizumab with lenvatinib has been identified to induce myocardial infarction and diabetic ketoacidosis, representing a new safety signal that demands clinical caution.

, correspAuthors=Yanhua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong LIU, Yu BAI, Xiaoyang WANG, Yanhua ZHANG, Na FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212692498217091414, articleId=1212692496619061564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=国产PD-1抗体药物信迪利单抗上市后的药品不良反应回顾性分析, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 现有关于信迪利单抗不良反应(adverse drug reactions, ADRs)的研究多为个案报告和文献汇总,缺乏对上市后人群ADRs的真实世界数据进行评估和分析。本研究致力于填补这一研究空白,以便为临床上的安全用药提供重要的参考依据。方法 数据来源为北京市药品不良反应监测系统数据库,涵盖了北京地区截至2023年近五年涉及信迪利单抗的ADRs报告。这些报告以信迪力单抗为怀疑药品上报。通过SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 本研究共分析了155例信迪利单抗相关的ADRs报告。在性别分布上,男性患者与女性患者的比例为1.77∶1。在ADRs报告中,以皮肤反应最为常见。在24 h内发生的ADRs报告中,过敏反应占主导。严重ADRs的报告占比达到26.45%,且这些严重反应多在用药24 h后发生,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.005)。非适应证肿瘤患者用药后发生严重ADRs的风险要明显高于适应证患者(P=0.006)。9例患者药物剂量超出说明书推荐剂量导致ADRs。与仑伐替尼联合用药时,可引起心肌梗死和糖尿病酮症酸中毒,属新的安全性信号,在临床使用时应予以关注。结论 本研究发现非适应证人群用药后发生严重ADRs的风险增加,因此对于非适应证给药患者需更加严密监测患者用药后的反应,以及时进行干预。严重ADRs多发生于24 h后,在日间24 h治疗的患者,出院后需嘱咐患者密切监测用药后情况,如有不适需及时就诊。临床存在未按说明书推荐剂量用药情况,应予以关注。与仑伐替尼合用时,可引起心肌梗死和糖尿病酮酸中毒,属新的安全性信号,需临床密切关注。

, correspAuthors=张艳华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张艳华,女,学士,主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(010)88196206
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刘红,女,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:药物警戒

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刘红,女,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:药物警戒

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刘红,女,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:药物警戒

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DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682262., articleTitle=Immune myocarditis overlapping with myasthenia gravis due to anti-PD-1 treatment for a chordoma patient: a case report and literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212790508003447343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=1617, pageEnd=1620, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LIU B, YANG Y, ZHU Z J, journalName=Label Immunoass Clin Med(标记免疫分析与临床), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU B, YANG Y, ZHU Z J. A case report of immune associated myocarditis induced by sintilimab[J]. Label Immunoass Clin Med(标记免疫分析与临床), 2023, 30(9):1617-1620., articleTitle=A case report of immune associated myocarditis induced by sintilimab, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1212790501091234023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212790501103816937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, companyId=1212790501091234023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212790501112205548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, companyId=1212790501091234023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所药剂科, 恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 100142)]), AuthorCompany(id=1212790501204480242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212790501212868851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, companyId=1212790501204480242, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Beijing Center for ADR Monitoring, Beijing 101117, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212790501221257460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, companyId=1212790501204480242, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京市药品不良反应监测中心, 北京 101117)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1212790503926583705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征 人数/例
n=155 (%)
报告类型 χ2 P
一般n=114 (%) 严重n=41(%)
性别
男性 99 (63.87) 76 (66.67) 23 (56.10) 1.460 0.227
女性 56 (36.13) 38 (33.33) 18 (43.90)
年龄/岁
<60 54 (34.84) 37 (32.46) 17 (41.46) 3.790 0.108
≥60 100 (64.52) 77 (67.54) 23 (56.10)
不属实或不详 1 (0.65) 0 (0.00) 1 (2.44)
民族
汉族 141 (90.97) 102 (89.47) 39 (95.12) 4.013 0.101
其他民族 5 (3.23) 3 (2.63) 2 (4.88)
不属实或不详 9 (5.81) 9 (7.89) 0 (0.00)
发生时间1)
治疗周期内 139 (89.68) 104 (91.22) 35 (85.37) 0.576 0.448
治疗周期外 16 (10.32) 10 (8.77) 6 (14.63)
≤24 h 41 (26.45) 37 (32.46) 4 (9.76) 7.987 0.005
>24 h 114 (73.55) 77 (67.54) 37 (90.24)
发生周期
1 39 (25.16) 31 (27.19) 8 (19.51) 6.325 0.097
2~6 39 (25.16) 23 (20.18) 16 (39.02)
≥7 17 (10.97) 12 (10.53) 5 (12.20)
未明确 60 (38.71) 48 (42.11) 12 (29.27)
癌种
霍奇金淋巴瘤 3 (1.94) 3 (2.63) 0 (0.00) 13.534 0.006
肺癌 45 (29.03) 39 (34.21) 6 (14.63)
肝癌 21 (13.55) 14 (12.28) 7 (17.07)
食管癌和胃及胃食管交界处癌 35 (22.58) 29 (25.44) 6 (14.63)
其他 51 (32.90) 29 (25.44) 22 (53.66)
合并用药
单药 86 (55.48) 61 (53.51) 25 (60.98) 0.681 0.409
合并用药 69 (44.52) 53 (46.49) 16 (39.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504031441309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

一般和严重的不良反应(ADRs)报告患者基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征 人数/例
n=155 (%)
报告类型 χ2 P
一般n=114 (%) 严重n=41(%)
性别
男性 99 (63.87) 76 (66.67) 23 (56.10) 1.460 0.227
女性 56 (36.13) 38 (33.33) 18 (43.90)
年龄/岁
<60 54 (34.84) 37 (32.46) 17 (41.46) 3.790 0.108
≥60 100 (64.52) 77 (67.54) 23 (56.10)
不属实或不详 1 (0.65) 0 (0.00) 1 (2.44)
民族
汉族 141 (90.97) 102 (89.47) 39 (95.12) 4.013 0.101
其他民族 5 (3.23) 3 (2.63) 2 (4.88)
不属实或不详 9 (5.81) 9 (7.89) 0 (0.00)
发生时间1)
治疗周期内 139 (89.68) 104 (91.22) 35 (85.37) 0.576 0.448
治疗周期外 16 (10.32) 10 (8.77) 6 (14.63)
≤24 h 41 (26.45) 37 (32.46) 4 (9.76) 7.987 0.005
>24 h 114 (73.55) 77 (67.54) 37 (90.24)
发生周期
1 39 (25.16) 31 (27.19) 8 (19.51) 6.325 0.097
2~6 39 (25.16) 23 (20.18) 16 (39.02)
≥7 17 (10.97) 12 (10.53) 5 (12.20)
未明确 60 (38.71) 48 (42.11) 12 (29.27)
癌种
霍奇金淋巴瘤 3 (1.94) 3 (2.63) 0 (0.00) 13.534 0.006
肺癌 45 (29.03) 39 (34.21) 6 (14.63)
肝癌 21 (13.55) 14 (12.28) 7 (17.07)
食管癌和胃及胃食管交界处癌 35 (22.58) 29 (25.44) 6 (14.63)
其他 51 (32.90) 29 (25.44) 22 (53.66)
合并用药
单药 86 (55.48) 61 (53.51) 25 (60.98) 0.681 0.409
合并用药 69 (44.52) 53 (46.49) 16 (39.02)
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504119521699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关性评价 SOC 例次(%) 首选表格(例次)
肯定 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 3 (1.26) 发热(3)
皮肤及皮下组织疾病 1 (0.42) 皮疹(1)
免疫系统疾病 1 (0.42) 过敏性休克(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 1 (0.42) 肾炎(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 1 (0.42) 肺部炎症(1)
很可能 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 48 (20.08) 皮疹(20)、瘙痒(11)、潮红(4)、斑疹(3)、重症多形性红斑(2)、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(2)、皮炎(1)、药疹(1)、色素沉着障碍(1)、白癜风(1)、丘疹(1)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)
各类检查 21 (8.79) 血小板计数降低(7)、白细胞计数降低(5)、中性粒细胞计数降低(4)、转氨酶升高(3)、血红蛋白降低(1)、血葡萄糖升高(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 18 (7.53) 发热(11)、乏力(2)、肿胀(1)、寒热不耐受(2)、高热(1)、寒战(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 16 (6.69) 肺部炎症(6)、呼吸困难(3)、肺毒性(2)、机化性肺炎(1)、肺气肿(1)、肺水肿(1)、呼吸衰竭(1)
胃肠系统疾病 12 (5.02) 腹泻(4)、胰腺炎(2)、恶心(2)、溃疡性结肠炎(2)、上腹不适(1)、口腔黏膜炎(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 10 (4.18) 骨髓抑制(8)、粒细胞缺乏症(1)、凝血障碍(1)
心脏器官疾病 9 (3.77) 心肌损伤(4)、心肌炎(2)、心悸(2)、心肌梗死(1)
内分泌系统疾病 9 (3.77) 甲状腺功能亢进症(2)、甲状腺功能减退症(2)、甲状腺疾病(2)、肾上腺功能不全(2)、垂体炎(1)
肝胆系统疾病 7 (2.93) 肝细胞损伤(3)、肝功能异常(2)、肝炎(1)、肝损伤(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 6 (2.51) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(3)、食欲减退(2)、1型糖尿病(1)
神经系统疾病 3 (1.26) 肌无力综合征(2)、感觉减退(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 2 (0.84) 蛋白尿(2)
肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 2 (0.84) 背痛(1)、关节痛(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 1 (0.42) 感染性肺炎(1)
可能 各类检查 15 (6.28) 血小板计数降低(5)、中性粒细胞计数降低(3)、白细胞计数降低(3)、血氧饱和度降低(1)、转氨酶升高(1)、血肌酐升高(1)、心肌坏死标志物增加(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 10 (4.18) 发热(9)、肿胀(1)
皮肤及皮下组织疾病 10 (4.18) 皮疹(4)、瘙痒(2)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、假性毛囊炎(1)、白斑病(1)、皮炎(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 8 (3.35) 肺部炎症(4)、血痰(1)、咳嗽(1)、间质性肺疾病(1)、呼吸困难(1)
心脏器官疾病 5 (2.09) 心肌炎(2)、心肌损伤(2)、窦性心动过速(1)、
胃肠系统疾病 4 (1.67) 腹泻(1)、胰腺炎(1)、口腔溃疡(1)、上消化道出血(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 3 (1.26) 骨髓抑制(3)
肝胆系统疾病 3 (1.26) 肝功能异常(2)、胆管炎(1)
神经系统疾病 2 (0.84) 重症肌无力(1)、运动不能(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 2 (0.84) 进食障碍(1)、高胆固醇血症(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 2 (0.84) 肾功能损害(2)
眼器官疾病 2 (0.84) 复视(1)、上睑下垂(1)
内分泌系统疾病 1 (0.42) 垂体功能减退症(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 1 (0.42) 脑炎(1)
合计 239
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504241156518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ADRs的相关性及在系统-器官分类(SOC)中的临床表现

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相关性评价 SOC 例次(%) 首选表格(例次)
肯定 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 3 (1.26) 发热(3)
皮肤及皮下组织疾病 1 (0.42) 皮疹(1)
免疫系统疾病 1 (0.42) 过敏性休克(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 1 (0.42) 肾炎(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 1 (0.42) 肺部炎症(1)
很可能 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 48 (20.08) 皮疹(20)、瘙痒(11)、潮红(4)、斑疹(3)、重症多形性红斑(2)、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(2)、皮炎(1)、药疹(1)、色素沉着障碍(1)、白癜风(1)、丘疹(1)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)
各类检查 21 (8.79) 血小板计数降低(7)、白细胞计数降低(5)、中性粒细胞计数降低(4)、转氨酶升高(3)、血红蛋白降低(1)、血葡萄糖升高(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 18 (7.53) 发热(11)、乏力(2)、肿胀(1)、寒热不耐受(2)、高热(1)、寒战(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 16 (6.69) 肺部炎症(6)、呼吸困难(3)、肺毒性(2)、机化性肺炎(1)、肺气肿(1)、肺水肿(1)、呼吸衰竭(1)
胃肠系统疾病 12 (5.02) 腹泻(4)、胰腺炎(2)、恶心(2)、溃疡性结肠炎(2)、上腹不适(1)、口腔黏膜炎(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 10 (4.18) 骨髓抑制(8)、粒细胞缺乏症(1)、凝血障碍(1)
心脏器官疾病 9 (3.77) 心肌损伤(4)、心肌炎(2)、心悸(2)、心肌梗死(1)
内分泌系统疾病 9 (3.77) 甲状腺功能亢进症(2)、甲状腺功能减退症(2)、甲状腺疾病(2)、肾上腺功能不全(2)、垂体炎(1)
肝胆系统疾病 7 (2.93) 肝细胞损伤(3)、肝功能异常(2)、肝炎(1)、肝损伤(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 6 (2.51) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(3)、食欲减退(2)、1型糖尿病(1)
神经系统疾病 3 (1.26) 肌无力综合征(2)、感觉减退(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 2 (0.84) 蛋白尿(2)
肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 2 (0.84) 背痛(1)、关节痛(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 1 (0.42) 感染性肺炎(1)
可能 各类检查 15 (6.28) 血小板计数降低(5)、中性粒细胞计数降低(3)、白细胞计数降低(3)、血氧饱和度降低(1)、转氨酶升高(1)、血肌酐升高(1)、心肌坏死标志物增加(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 10 (4.18) 发热(9)、肿胀(1)
皮肤及皮下组织疾病 10 (4.18) 皮疹(4)、瘙痒(2)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、假性毛囊炎(1)、白斑病(1)、皮炎(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 8 (3.35) 肺部炎症(4)、血痰(1)、咳嗽(1)、间质性肺疾病(1)、呼吸困难(1)
心脏器官疾病 5 (2.09) 心肌炎(2)、心肌损伤(2)、窦性心动过速(1)、
胃肠系统疾病 4 (1.67) 腹泻(1)、胰腺炎(1)、口腔溃疡(1)、上消化道出血(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 3 (1.26) 骨髓抑制(3)
肝胆系统疾病 3 (1.26) 肝功能异常(2)、胆管炎(1)
神经系统疾病 2 (0.84) 重症肌无力(1)、运动不能(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 2 (0.84) 进食障碍(1)、高胆固醇血症(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 2 (0.84) 肾功能损害(2)
眼器官疾病 2 (0.84) 复视(1)、上睑下垂(1)
内分泌系统疾病 1 (0.42) 垂体功能减退症(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 1 (0.42) 脑炎(1)
合计 239
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504362791342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
治疗周期内/外 累及系统器官 例次(%) 临床表现(例次)
治疗周期内 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 53 (24.42) 皮疹(25)、瘙痒(12)、潮红(4)、斑疹(2)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、重症多形性红斑(2)、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(2)、皮炎(1)、药疹(1)、假性毛囊炎(1)、色素沉着障碍(1)、白癜风(1)
各类检查 36 (16.59) 血小板计数降低(11)、白细胞计数降低(9)、中性粒细胞计数降低(7)、转氨酶升高(4)、血红蛋白降低(1)、血葡萄糖升高(1)、血肌酐升高(1)、心肌坏死标志物增加(1)、血氧饱和度降低(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 31 (14.29) 发热(23)、乏力(2)、肿胀(2)、寒热不耐受(2)、高热(1)、寒战(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 20 (9.22) 肺部炎症(8)、呼吸困难(4)、肺毒性(2)、间质性肺疾病(1)、肺气肿(1)、血痰(1)、咳嗽(1)、肺水肿(1)、呼吸衰竭(1)
胃肠系统疾病 16 (7.37) 腹泻(5)、胰腺炎(3)、恶心(2)、溃疡性结肠炎(2)、上腹不适(1)、上消化道出血(1)、口腔黏膜炎(1)、口腔溃疡(1)
心脏器官疾病 13 (5.99) 心肌损伤(5)、心肌炎(4)、心悸(2)、窦性心动过速(1)、心肌梗死(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 13 (5.99) 骨髓抑制(11)、粒细胞缺乏症(1)、凝血障碍(1)
肝胆系统疾病 10 (4.61) 肝功能异常(4)、肝细胞损伤(3)、肝炎(1)、肝损伤(1)、胆管炎(1)
内分泌系统疾病 5 (2.30) 甲状腺功能亢进症(2)、甲状腺疾病(2)、垂体炎(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 5 (2.30) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(1)、食欲减退(2)、高胆固醇血症(1)、进食障碍(1)
神经系统疾病 4 (1.84) 肌无力综合征(1)、重症肌无力(1)、感觉减退(1)、运动不能(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 4 (1.84) 蛋白尿(1)、肾功能损害(2)、肾炎(1)
肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 2 (0.92) 背痛(1)、关节痛(1)
眼器官疾病 2 (0.92) 复视(1)、上睑下垂(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 2 (0.92) 脑炎(1)、感染性肺炎(1)
免疫系统疾病 1 (0.46) 过敏性休克(1)
小计 217 (100.00)
治疗周期外 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 6 (27.27) 瘙痒(1)、斑疹(1)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、皮炎(1)、白斑病(1)、丘疹(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 5 (22.73) 肺部炎症(3)、机化性肺炎(1)、间质性肺疾病(1)
内分泌系统疾病 5 (22.73) 甲状腺功能减退症(2)、肾上腺功能不全(2)、垂体功能减退症(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 3 (13.64) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(2)、1型糖尿病(1)
神经系统疾病 1 (4.55) 肌无力综合征(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 1 (4.55) 蛋白尿(1)
心脏器官疾病 1 (4.55) 心肌损伤(1)
小计 22 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504467648947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

患者连续治疗周期内及治疗周期外不良反应临床表现

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
治疗周期内/外 累及系统器官 例次(%) 临床表现(例次)
治疗周期内 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 53 (24.42) 皮疹(25)、瘙痒(12)、潮红(4)、斑疹(2)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、重症多形性红斑(2)、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(2)、皮炎(1)、药疹(1)、假性毛囊炎(1)、色素沉着障碍(1)、白癜风(1)
各类检查 36 (16.59) 血小板计数降低(11)、白细胞计数降低(9)、中性粒细胞计数降低(7)、转氨酶升高(4)、血红蛋白降低(1)、血葡萄糖升高(1)、血肌酐升高(1)、心肌坏死标志物增加(1)、血氧饱和度降低(1)
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 31 (14.29) 发热(23)、乏力(2)、肿胀(2)、寒热不耐受(2)、高热(1)、寒战(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 20 (9.22) 肺部炎症(8)、呼吸困难(4)、肺毒性(2)、间质性肺疾病(1)、肺气肿(1)、血痰(1)、咳嗽(1)、肺水肿(1)、呼吸衰竭(1)
胃肠系统疾病 16 (7.37) 腹泻(5)、胰腺炎(3)、恶心(2)、溃疡性结肠炎(2)、上腹不适(1)、上消化道出血(1)、口腔黏膜炎(1)、口腔溃疡(1)
心脏器官疾病 13 (5.99) 心肌损伤(5)、心肌炎(4)、心悸(2)、窦性心动过速(1)、心肌梗死(1)
血液和淋巴管类疾病 13 (5.99) 骨髓抑制(11)、粒细胞缺乏症(1)、凝血障碍(1)
肝胆系统疾病 10 (4.61) 肝功能异常(4)、肝细胞损伤(3)、肝炎(1)、肝损伤(1)、胆管炎(1)
内分泌系统疾病 5 (2.30) 甲状腺功能亢进症(2)、甲状腺疾病(2)、垂体炎(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 5 (2.30) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(1)、食欲减退(2)、高胆固醇血症(1)、进食障碍(1)
神经系统疾病 4 (1.84) 肌无力综合征(1)、重症肌无力(1)、感觉减退(1)、运动不能(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 4 (1.84) 蛋白尿(1)、肾功能损害(2)、肾炎(1)
肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 2 (0.92) 背痛(1)、关节痛(1)
眼器官疾病 2 (0.92) 复视(1)、上睑下垂(1)
感染及侵染类疾病 2 (0.92) 脑炎(1)、感染性肺炎(1)
免疫系统疾病 1 (0.46) 过敏性休克(1)
小计 217 (100.00)
治疗周期外 皮肤及皮下组织疾病 6 (27.27) 瘙痒(1)、斑疹(1)、中毒性表皮坏死松解症(1)、皮炎(1)、白斑病(1)、丘疹(1)
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 5 (22.73) 肺部炎症(3)、机化性肺炎(1)、间质性肺疾病(1)
内分泌系统疾病 5 (22.73) 甲状腺功能减退症(2)、肾上腺功能不全(2)、垂体功能减退症(1)
代谢及营养类疾病 3 (13.64) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒(2)、1型糖尿病(1)
神经系统疾病 1 (4.55) 肌无力综合征(1)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 1 (4.55) 蛋白尿(1)
心脏器官疾病 1 (4.55) 心肌损伤(1)
小计 22 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504564117942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发生周期 例数/例 构成比/% 临床表现
1 39 25.16 发热、寒热不耐受、瘙痒、皮疹、斑疹、假性毛囊炎、中毒性表皮坏死松解症、口腔溃疡、恶心、食欲减退、进碍、腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎、胰腺炎、肝功能异常、肝损伤、血葡萄糖升高、骨髓抑制、血小板计数降低、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、血红蛋白降低、心肌损伤、心肌炎、肺水肿、甲状腺疾病、肺毒性、关节痛、重症肌无力
2~3 24 15.48 发热、瘙痒、皮疹、肿胀、重症多形性红斑、Stevens-Johnson综合征、口腔黏膜炎、色素沉着障碍、感觉减退、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低、骨髓抑制、肺部炎症、肝细胞损伤、胆管炎、甲状腺功能减退症、甲状腺功能亢进症、心肌损伤、心肌炎、肝功能异常、肾功能损害、肌无力综合征、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高胆固醇血症
4~6 15 9.68 皮疹、瘙痒、重症多形性红斑、SJS、白细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低、骨髓抑制、肺部炎症、肺毒性、机化性肺炎、肝细胞损伤、肝炎、甲状腺功能减退症、肾上腺功能不全、肾功能损害、胰腺炎
7~9 10 6.45 潮红、皮疹、皮炎、瘙痒、斑疹、丘疹、白斑病、腹泻、血小板计数降低、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、心肌梗死、呼吸困难、呼吸衰竭、肺部炎症、肺气肿、感染性肺炎、间质性肺疾病、垂体功能减退症
≥10 7 4.52 药疹、肿胀、白癜风、肺部炎症、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、1型糖尿病、蛋白尿、肾炎、垂体炎
未明确 60 38.71 -
总计 155 100.00
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患者治疗周期数与ADRs临床表现

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发生周期 例数/例 构成比/% 临床表现
1 39 25.16 发热、寒热不耐受、瘙痒、皮疹、斑疹、假性毛囊炎、中毒性表皮坏死松解症、口腔溃疡、恶心、食欲减退、进碍、腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎、胰腺炎、肝功能异常、肝损伤、血葡萄糖升高、骨髓抑制、血小板计数降低、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、血红蛋白降低、心肌损伤、心肌炎、肺水肿、甲状腺疾病、肺毒性、关节痛、重症肌无力
2~3 24 15.48 发热、瘙痒、皮疹、肿胀、重症多形性红斑、Stevens-Johnson综合征、口腔黏膜炎、色素沉着障碍、感觉减退、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低、骨髓抑制、肺部炎症、肝细胞损伤、胆管炎、甲状腺功能减退症、甲状腺功能亢进症、心肌损伤、心肌炎、肝功能异常、肾功能损害、肌无力综合征、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高胆固醇血症
4~6 15 9.68 皮疹、瘙痒、重症多形性红斑、SJS、白细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低、骨髓抑制、肺部炎症、肺毒性、机化性肺炎、肝细胞损伤、肝炎、甲状腺功能减退症、肾上腺功能不全、肾功能损害、胰腺炎
7~9 10 6.45 潮红、皮疹、皮炎、瘙痒、斑疹、丘疹、白斑病、腹泻、血小板计数降低、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、心肌梗死、呼吸困难、呼吸衰竭、肺部炎症、肺气肿、感染性肺炎、间质性肺疾病、垂体功能减退症
≥10 7 4.52 药疹、肿胀、白癜风、肺部炎症、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、1型糖尿病、蛋白尿、肾炎、垂体炎
未明确 60 38.71 -
总计 155 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1212790504723501500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692496619061564, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合并用药 例数(严重例数) ADRs临床表现
仑伐替尼1) 7(1)1) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒、心肌梗死1)、皮疹、血小板计数降低、腹泻、甲状腺疾病、蛋白尿
安罗替尼1) 2(1)1) 腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎1)、转氨酶升高、血肌酐升高、脑炎
阿帕替尼1) 11)(0) 进食障碍、假性毛囊炎、口腔溃疡、皮疹、血小板计数降低1)
呋喹替尼 1(0) 皮疹、瘙痒
瑞戈非尼1) 21)(0) 肝功能异常、甲状腺功能减退症1)
卡培他滨1) 1(0) 肌无力综合征、心肌损伤1)
ADM脂质体1) 21)(1) TEN、心肌炎、肝损伤、肺水肿1)、皮疹
重组全人源抗CTLA-4单抗1) 2(0) 肿胀、发热、肝细胞损伤、皮疹、药疹1)
PTX*1) 6(2)1) 肺毒性、肝细胞损伤、肝炎1)、转氨酶升高、发热、皮疹、腹泻
PTX*、VP-16 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX*、洛铂 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX*1)、奈达铂 11)(0) 肺炎1)
PTX*、阿帕替尼 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低
PTX*、曲妥珠单抗 1(0) 腹泻
PTX*、DDP 3(0) 白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低
PTX*、CBP 5(0) 发热、潮红、皮疹、骨髓抑制
PTX脂质体 1(0) 瘙痒
PTX脂质体、贝伐珠单抗 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX、DDP 2(0) 瘙痒、骨髓抑制
PTX、GEM 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低
L-OHP 4(0) 恶心、食欲减退、上腹不适、乏力、白细胞计数降低
L-OHP、卡培他滨 1(0) 口腔黏膜炎、色素沉着障碍、感觉减退
L-OHP、GEM、仑伐替尼 1(0) 发热、白细胞计数降低
L-OHP、TXT 1(0) 粒细胞缺乏症
DDP、GEM 2(0) 斑疹、瘙痒、发热、寒热不耐受
洛铂 1(0) 骨髓抑制
CBP 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低
PEM 1(0) 皮炎
PEM、DDP 2 骨髓抑制、白细胞计数降低、皮疹、瘙痒
PEM、CBP1) 2(1)1) 血小板计数降低1)、肝功能异常
PEM、奈达铂 1(0) 血红蛋白降低
GEM、重组人白介素-2、康艾、康莱特 1(0) 发热
贝伐珠单抗1) 1(0)1) 呼吸困难、复视、运动不能、上睑下垂、心肌炎1)
贝伐珠单抗、伊立替康、康艾、艾迪 1 骨髓抑制
曲妥珠单抗1) 2(1)1) 骨髓抑制1)、肝功能异常
替雷利珠单抗 1(0) 白细胞计数降低
替雷利珠单抗、地西他滨 1 糖尿病酮症酸中毒、1型糖尿病
哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠1) 11) 血氧饱和度降低、血小板计数降低、血痰、咳嗽、发热1)
蔗糖铁 1(0) 皮疹
威麦宁胶囊 1(0) 白斑病
总计 69
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患者信迪力单抗合并用药情况与ADRs临床表现

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合并用药 例数(严重例数) ADRs临床表现
仑伐替尼1) 7(1)1) 糖尿病酮症酸中毒、心肌梗死1)、皮疹、血小板计数降低、腹泻、甲状腺疾病、蛋白尿
安罗替尼1) 2(1)1) 腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎1)、转氨酶升高、血肌酐升高、脑炎
阿帕替尼1) 11)(0) 进食障碍、假性毛囊炎、口腔溃疡、皮疹、血小板计数降低1)
呋喹替尼 1(0) 皮疹、瘙痒
瑞戈非尼1) 21)(0) 肝功能异常、甲状腺功能减退症1)
卡培他滨1) 1(0) 肌无力综合征、心肌损伤1)
ADM脂质体1) 21)(1) TEN、心肌炎、肝损伤、肺水肿1)、皮疹
重组全人源抗CTLA-4单抗1) 2(0) 肿胀、发热、肝细胞损伤、皮疹、药疹1)
PTX*1) 6(2)1) 肺毒性、肝细胞损伤、肝炎1)、转氨酶升高、发热、皮疹、腹泻
PTX*、VP-16 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX*、洛铂 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX*1)、奈达铂 11)(0) 肺炎1)
PTX*、阿帕替尼 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低、血小板计数降低
PTX*、曲妥珠单抗 1(0) 腹泻
PTX*、DDP 3(0) 白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低
PTX*、CBP 5(0) 发热、潮红、皮疹、骨髓抑制
PTX脂质体 1(0) 瘙痒
PTX脂质体、贝伐珠单抗 1(0) 骨髓抑制
PTX、DDP 2(0) 瘙痒、骨髓抑制
PTX、GEM 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低
L-OHP 4(0) 恶心、食欲减退、上腹不适、乏力、白细胞计数降低
L-OHP、卡培他滨 1(0) 口腔黏膜炎、色素沉着障碍、感觉减退
L-OHP、GEM、仑伐替尼 1(0) 发热、白细胞计数降低
L-OHP、TXT 1(0) 粒细胞缺乏症
DDP、GEM 2(0) 斑疹、瘙痒、发热、寒热不耐受
洛铂 1(0) 骨髓抑制
CBP 1(0) 中性粒细胞计数降低
PEM 1(0) 皮炎
PEM、DDP 2 骨髓抑制、白细胞计数降低、皮疹、瘙痒
PEM、CBP1) 2(1)1) 血小板计数降低1)、肝功能异常
PEM、奈达铂 1(0) 血红蛋白降低
GEM、重组人白介素-2、康艾、康莱特 1(0) 发热
贝伐珠单抗1) 1(0)1) 呼吸困难、复视、运动不能、上睑下垂、心肌炎1)
贝伐珠单抗、伊立替康、康艾、艾迪 1 骨髓抑制
曲妥珠单抗1) 2(1)1) 骨髓抑制1)、肝功能异常
替雷利珠单抗 1(0) 白细胞计数降低
替雷利珠单抗、地西他滨 1 糖尿病酮症酸中毒、1型糖尿病
哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠1) 11) 血氧饱和度降低、血小板计数降低、血痰、咳嗽、发热1)
蔗糖铁 1(0) 皮疹
威麦宁胶囊 1(0) 白斑病
总计 69
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国产PD-1抗体药物信迪利单抗上市后的药品不良反应回顾性分析
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刘红 1 , 白羽 1 , 王啸洋 1 , 张艳华 1, * , 付娜 2
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(18): 1748-1756
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(18): 1748-1756
国产PD-1抗体药物信迪利单抗上市后的药品不良反应回顾性分析
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刘红1, 白羽1, 王啸洋1, 张艳华1, *, 付娜2
作者信息
  • 1 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所药剂科, 恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 100142
  • 2 北京市药品不良反应监测中心, 北京 101117
  • 刘红,女,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:药物警戒

通讯作者:

* 张艳华,女,学士,主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(010)88196206
A Retrospective Analysis of Post-Marketing Adverse Drug Reactions of Sindilizumab Domestic PD-1 Antibody Drug
Hong LIU1, Yu BAI1, Xiaoyang WANG1, Yanhua ZHANG1, *, Na FU2
Affiliations
  • 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
  • 2 Beijing Center for ADR Monitoring, Beijing 101117, China
出版时间: 2024-09-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.011
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目的 现有关于信迪利单抗不良反应(adverse drug reactions, ADRs)的研究多为个案报告和文献汇总,缺乏对上市后人群ADRs的真实世界数据进行评估和分析。本研究致力于填补这一研究空白,以便为临床上的安全用药提供重要的参考依据。方法 数据来源为北京市药品不良反应监测系统数据库,涵盖了北京地区截至2023年近五年涉及信迪利单抗的ADRs报告。这些报告以信迪力单抗为怀疑药品上报。通过SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 本研究共分析了155例信迪利单抗相关的ADRs报告。在性别分布上,男性患者与女性患者的比例为1.77∶1。在ADRs报告中,以皮肤反应最为常见。在24 h内发生的ADRs报告中,过敏反应占主导。严重ADRs的报告占比达到26.45%,且这些严重反应多在用药24 h后发生,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.005)。非适应证肿瘤患者用药后发生严重ADRs的风险要明显高于适应证患者(P=0.006)。9例患者药物剂量超出说明书推荐剂量导致ADRs。与仑伐替尼联合用药时,可引起心肌梗死和糖尿病酮症酸中毒,属新的安全性信号,在临床使用时应予以关注。结论 本研究发现非适应证人群用药后发生严重ADRs的风险增加,因此对于非适应证给药患者需更加严密监测患者用药后的反应,以及时进行干预。严重ADRs多发生于24 h后,在日间24 h治疗的患者,出院后需嘱咐患者密切监测用药后情况,如有不适需及时就诊。临床存在未按说明书推荐剂量用药情况,应予以关注。与仑伐替尼合用时,可引起心肌梗死和糖尿病酮酸中毒,属新的安全性信号,需临床密切关注。

信迪利单抗  /  药物警戒  /  药品不良反应  /  药物监测  /  合理用药

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and analyze real-world post-marketing adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of sindilizumab and provide critical reference for safe clinical medication. METHODS The data were sourced from the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System database, covering ADR reports related to sindilizumab in Beijing area in the past five years. These reports identified sindilizumab as the suspected drug to the ADRs. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS A total of 155 sindilizumab-related ADR reports were analyzed. In terms of gender distribution, the ratio of male to female patients was 1.77∶1. Skin reactions were the most common ADRs reported. Allergic reactions dominated ADR reports occurring within 24 hours. Severe ADRs accounted for 26.45% of the reports, with most severe reactions occurring after 24 hours of medication use (P=0.005). In patients with tumors not included in the approved indications, the risk of experiencing severe ADRs was significantly higher compared with those with indicated conditions (P=0.006). Nine patients experienced ADRs due to drug dosages exceeding the recommended dosage in the instructions. Additionally, the concomitant use of the drug with lenvatinib was associated with the emergence of new safety signals, including myocardial infarction and diabetic ketoacidosis, necessitating heightened vigilance in clinical practice. CONCLUSION This investigation has uncovered an augmented risk of severe ADRs in individuals receiving medications for non-indicated uses. Consequently, implementation of stricter surveillance measures is needed for patients with off-label conditions to facilitate timely medical interventions. Notably, a significant incidence of severe ADRs is observed to occur beyond the initial 24-hour period following treatment. Thus, individuals receiving the drug in day-care unit should be explicitly instructed to closely monitor their post-medication health status upon discharge and to seek immediate medical consultation in case of any arising discomfort. There exists noncompliance with the recommended dosage, thus attention should be paid to such cases. Moreover, concurrent use of sindilizumab with lenvatinib has been identified to induce myocardial infarction and diabetic ketoacidosis, representing a new safety signal that demands clinical caution.

sintilimab  /  pharmacovigilance  /  adverse drug reaction  /  drug monitoring  /  reasonable medication
刘红, 白羽, 王啸洋, 张艳华, 付娜. 国产PD-1抗体药物信迪利单抗上市后的药品不良反应回顾性分析. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (18) : 1748 -1756 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.011
Hong LIU, Yu BAI, Xiaoyang WANG, Yanhua ZHANG, Na FU. A Retrospective Analysis of Post-Marketing Adverse Drug Reactions of Sindilizumab Domestic PD-1 Antibody Drug[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (18) : 1748 -1756 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.011
2018年12月24日,国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Adiministration, NMPA)有条件批准信迪利单抗上市,用于经过至少二线系统化疗的复发或难治性经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗。2021年2月2日,NMPA批准信迪利单抗联合培美曲塞和铂类化疗用于表皮生长因子受体基因突变阴性和间变性淋巴瘤激酶阴性、不可手术切除的局部晚期或转移性非鳞状非小细胞肺癌的一线治疗。2021年6月1日,NMPA批准信迪利单抗联合吉西他滨和铂类化疗用于不可手术切除的局部晚期或转移性鳞状细胞非小细胞肺癌的一线治疗。2021年6月25日,NMPA批准信迪利单抗联合贝伐珠单抗用于既往未接受过系统治疗的不可切除或转移性肝细胞癌一线治疗。2022年6月20日和24日NMPA批准信迪利单抗联合紫杉醇和顺铂或氟尿嘧啶和顺铂用于不可切除的局部晚期、复发或转移性食管鳞癌的一线治疗;联合含氟尿嘧啶类和铂类药物化疗用于不可切除的局部晚期、复发或转移性胃及胃食管交界处腺癌的一线治疗。
重组全人源抗程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death-1, PD-1)单克隆抗体注射液信迪利单抗是IgG4单克隆抗体,能特异性结合淋巴细胞表面的PD-1分子,从而阻断导致肿瘤免疫耐受的PD-1/程序性死亡受体配体1(programmed cell death-1 ligand-1, PD-L1)通路,重新激活淋巴细胞的抗肿瘤活性而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。与纳武单抗、帕博利珠单抗相比,信迪利单抗具有更高的结合亲和力,信迪利单抗能够与CD3+T细胞上更多的PD-1分子结合,并具有更好的T细胞激活特性[1]。免疫检查点抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用,基于药物本身免疫的作用机制,在治疗带来临床获益的同时可能伴随着一系列免疫相关不良事件 (immune-related adverse event, irAE)。irAE 通常起源于皮肤、胃肠道、肝脏和内分泌系统,但其他器官系统也可能受到影响[2]。信迪利单抗在中国上市已满5年,关于信迪利单抗不良反应(adverse drug reactions, ADRs)现有文献多为个案报道及文献汇总,缺乏上市后ADRs监测数据评估分析。本研究依据信迪利单抗上市后的5年药品不良反应真实数据进行分析,探讨信迪利单抗ADRs发生特点。
本研究从北京市药品不良反应监测系统数据库中收集了北京地区截止至2023年近5年与信迪利单抗相关的ADRs报告。在此期间,共收集到155例符合条件的ADRs报告。经过严格审核,未出现重复上报和关联性评价为“可能无关”“无法评价”的报告,确认所有报告均符合研究要求,最终将这155例ADRs报告纳入统计分析。
根据国际人用药品注册技术协调会发布的《监管活动医学词典》(medical dictionary for regulatory activities,MedDRA)(24.0版)对ADRs的描述用语进行了首选术语(preferred term,PT)的标准化处理。国家不良反应监测系统既往采用的是世界卫生组织不良反应术语(world health organization adverse reaction terminology, WHO-ART),本研究对所有数据规整并按照MedDRA的PT进行标准化处理。通过这种方法,本研究共整理出了239例次ADRs的PT描述。
不良反应相关性评价标准:①用药与不良反应/事件的出现有无合理的时间关系;②反应是否符合该药已知的不良反应类型;③停药或减量后,反应是否消失或减轻;④再次使用可疑药品是否再次出现同样的反应/事件;⑤反应/事件是否可用合并用药的作用、患者病情的进展、其他治疗的影响来解释。评价结果分为肯定、很可能、可能、可能无关,其中可能无关以上等级的不良反应判定为有关。
本研究采用统计描述的方法对患者的性别、年龄、民族、报告类型、ADRs发生时间、ADRs发生周期、癌种以及累及的系统-器官进行了详细分析。在系统-器官分类(system organ class, SOC)上,依据MedDRA的编码术语进行了划分,并利用PT编码来命名各种ADRs。数据的统计分析是通过SPSS 22.0软件完成的。在组间比较方面,采用了卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验法来确定统计差异,P<0.05认为具有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入155例ADRs报告。在性别分布上,男性患者共99例,女性患者为56例,男女比例约为1.77∶1。种族方面,汉族患者占大多数,共141例,蒙古族3例,回族和藏族各1例,还有9例未详细报告种族。年龄方面,60岁以下的患者有54例,60岁及以上的患者有100例,另有1例患者的年龄不详,中位年龄为64岁。在本次研究的数据中,一般性ADRs报告有114例,而严重ADRs报告有41例,未见新的ADRs报告。根据ADRs发生时间,41例发生在用药后24 h内,114例发生在用药后24 h以上。严重ADRs的发生主要集中在用药后24 h后,具有统计差异性(P=0.005)。非适应证用药的肿瘤患者发生严重ADRs的风险要明显高于适应证用药(包括霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、肝癌、食管癌、胃癌和胃及食管交界处癌)的肿瘤患者,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006)。通过对化疗周期的分析发现,严重ADRs主要集中在化疗的第2至第6周期,但这一差异在统计学上并不显著(P=0.097),情况见表1
在本研究中,本课题组发现信迪利单抗注射液引起的ADRs主要表现为皮肤反应。ADRs主要影响到的SOC包括皮肤及皮下组织疾病、各类检查、全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病、胃肠系统疾病、心脏器官疾病、血液和淋巴管类疾病等。在PT排名前十的ADRs包括皮疹、发热、瘙痒、血小板计数降低、肺部炎症、骨髓抑制、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、心肌损伤和腹泻。ADRs报告的相关性评价和涉及SOC的临床表现见表2
本研究所分析的155例报告中,新发ADRs的情况如下:7 d内新发31例(占20.00%),30 d内新发36例(占23.23%),90 d内新发22例(占14.19%),而其余25例(占16.13%)的发生时间超过3个月。
患者在连续治疗周期内发生ADRs的时间定义为治疗周期内,超出患者连续治疗周期发生的ADRs定义为治疗周期外。本研究中,有139例报告为治疗周期内发生的ADRs,治疗周期外发生的ADRs为16例。治疗周期内与治疗周期外2组间一般与严重ADRs没有明显差异性(表1),其涉及的ADRs表现见表3
在24 h内发生的ADRs报告中,过敏反应是最主要的类型,其主要表现包括发热、瘙痒、皮肤潮红和皮疹。在这些病例中,有4例被分类为严重报告:1例为过敏性休克,2例出现心肌损害,还有1例出现血氧饱和度下降、血小板减少伴感染加重的情况。在24 h内发生ADRs的报告中,有明确发生周期的报告仅有2例是在化疗的第5和第9周期发生,其余病例均在第一周期出现ADRs。
本研究所纳入的155例报告中,有95例明确指出了用药后ADRs发生的具体治疗周期。其中,第1周期发生39例,第2至3周期发生24例,第4至6周期发生15例,第7至9周期发生10例,而在第10周期及以后发生了7例。皮疹和肺毒性在所有周期中均有发生。心肌损伤多在前3个周期出现,但也有个别病例在第7至9周期发生心肌梗死。肝脏毒性则主要出现在前6个周期。具体情况见表4
在本研究中,共有69例患者同时接受信迪利单抗与其他化疗药物、小分子靶向药物或单克隆抗体类药物的联合治疗。在这些病例中,有16例报告了由于合并用药而导致的严重ADRs,具体情况请参考表5
在所报告的病例中,详细记录了信迪利单抗的给药剂量。144例患者的给药剂量为200 mg,11例患者给药剂量不同,包括20 mg 1例、100 mg 7例、135 mg 1例、180 mg 1例以及400 mg 1例。此外,有9例食管及胃癌患者体质量在26.5~55 kg,按推荐剂量应为110~165 mg,但给药剂量均为200 mg。至于用药的频次,主要有3种模式:每2周1次、每3周1次以及每月3次。
本研究发现,用药后24 h内发生的ADRs多以过敏反应为主,且大多发生在第一周期。整体而言,随着治疗周期的增加,ADRs发生的例数呈下降趋势。皮疹和肺毒性在所有周期中均有发生,心肌损伤则主要出现在前3个周期,少数病例在第7至9周期发生心肌梗死。肝脏毒性通常发生在前6个周期内。通过对治疗期间内外ADRs分析发现,所有全身性疾病、胃肠系统疾病、血液相关疾病、肝胆疾病均发生在治疗期间,尤其是PT排名前列的皮疹、发热、瘙痒、血小板计数降低、骨髓抑制、白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低、心肌损伤和腹泻大多发生在治疗期间。针对皮疹的发生,35%以上病例发生于第1周期,部分病例伴有发热、关节痛等症状。皮疹部位多发生于颈部、前胸、后背、腹部、大腿内侧,严重者可出现水泡、融合成片。及时给予苯海拉明、依巴斯汀等抗组胺药物,外用激素软膏能部分缓解症状。4例肝功能异常均发生在第1~2周期,建议免疫治疗前期加强对肝功能的监测。提示临床注意在治疗阶段结束后仍应注意随访患者的免疫相关的肺部疾病包括肺炎、机化性肺炎、间质性肺炎,以及甲状腺、垂体等内分泌疾病和糖尿病酮症酸中毒。
本研究中观察到严重ADRs多集中在化疗的第2~6周期。个案报告显示,患者在接受信迪利单抗治疗的第2~6周期可出现一系列严重的皮肤反应,其中包括白癜风、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症[3-9]。除此之外,还观察到患者出现甲状腺功能异常,以及一系列免疫相关反应,如免疫相关性心肌炎、免疫性输尿管炎/膀胱炎[10-14]。部分病例中,还伴发了免疫性肠炎、糖尿病酮症酸中毒和细胞因子释放综合征[5,15-18]
此外研究还发现,在非适应证用药患者发生严重ADRs的风险要明显高于适应证(包括霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、肝癌、食管癌、胃癌和胃及食管交界处癌)用药的肿瘤患者,非适应证肿瘤中使用信迪利单抗治疗的癌种包括胰腺肿瘤、结直肠肿瘤、骨肿瘤、肾癌、鼻咽癌、黑色素瘤、子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌等。因此,在临床治疗中,特别需要关注非适应证用药肿瘤患者在使用信迪利单抗时的用药情况和可能出现的严重ADRs。
在本次病例报告中,有14例ADRs报告应被列为新的不良反应。这些新的不良反应包括心肌梗死、运动功能障碍、呼吸衰竭、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、胆管炎和色素沉着障碍,这些均在其他PD-1/PD-L1抗体中以极低频率(≤1%)报告过,但在信迪利单抗的使用中尚未报道的irAE。此外,还有包括上消化道出血、高胆固醇血症、复视、肺水肿、血氧饱和度降低和口腔黏膜炎在内的ADRs,这些在信迪利单抗的说明书中均未有提及,在临床治疗中需要注意这些新的ADRs。
通过对合并用药分析,提示在使用PD-1抗体药物信迪利单抗时,应特别注意其与传统化疗药物、小分子靶向药物和单克隆抗体类药物联合使用时可能加重的ADRs,这可能导致3~4级毒性的发生率增加[19]。如在本研究中联合用药出现的骨髓抑制、血小板减少症、肝肾功能损伤、皮肤反应、心肌炎、间质性肺炎、甲状腺疾病、腹泻、过敏反应以及诱发糖尿病,甚至引起糖尿病酮症酸中毒。尤其应注意联合用药时导致新的严重的ADRs的发生,比如本研究中信迪利单抗与仑伐替尼合用时,发生心肌梗死和糖尿病酮症酸中毒的情况在其他PD-1/PD-L1抗体中已有报道,但在信迪利单抗的说明书中未曾提及,导致的心肌梗死可能与仑伐替尼可加重信迪利单抗的心脏毒性有关[20]。此外还发现,信迪利单抗与哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠合并使用时出现血氧饱和度及血小板降低等严重ADRs,其中,导致血氧饱和度降低为说明书未提及的新的ADRs。分析数据中还有1例联合卡培他滨使用后出现色素沉着障碍也为其他PD-1/PD-L1抗体报道的但信迪利单抗未报道的ADRs,这里需要考虑经卡培他滨治疗后可出现假性白癜风,停用卡培他滨后,色素沉着可缓慢恢复[21]。然而,免疫检查点抑制剂药物引起的白癜风样色素沉着可能在停止免疫治疗后未好转,甚至可能恶化,皮肤表现具有不可逆性。此外,也有2份病例报告显示联合白蛋白结合型紫杉醇出现严重肝损伤,转氨酶升高是白蛋白结合型紫杉醇[22]常见肝毒性表现,应考虑合并用药增加ADRs几率及严重程度的相关性。
在信迪利单抗的给药中,不同癌症的推荐剂量有所不同。例如,霍奇金淋巴瘤的推荐剂量为200 mg;而对于食管鳞癌等,推荐剂量为3 mg·kg-1,体质量在60 kg及以上的患者推荐剂量为200 mg。通常给药频率为每3周1次。然而,在本次研究中,本课题组发现有1例给药剂量低至20 mg,若非录入或书写错误,此剂量远低于推荐剂量。有7例患者给药剂量为100 mg,无论是单药还是联合治疗均不足推荐给药剂量,可能导致再出现ADRs的同时未达到有效治疗剂量。另有9例食管及胃癌患者体质量在26.5~55 kg,按推荐剂量应为110~165 mg,但给药剂量均为200 mg。此外,3例病例中用药为200 mg每2周1次,其中1例单药治疗,2例与白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合用药,以及1例400 mg每3周1次的单药治疗方案,均不属于推荐剂量。无论是增加单次用药剂量还是增加给药频率,都可能加剧患者的ADRs的程度。对于重度肝肾功能不全和老年患者,应谨慎使用信迪利单抗,但无须调整剂量。根据2022版新型抗肿瘤药物临床应用指导原则[23-24],建议严格遵循说明书推荐的剂量进行用药,以避免因剂量不当而引发的ADRs。
本研究中,皮疹的发生构成比达到19.35%。本研究中发现皮疹的发生构成比要明显高于现有说明书。这可能与其破坏维持人体免疫稳态的免疫检查点通路有关,这一机制涉及针对正常组织的过度激活的T细胞应答[25]。信迪利单抗引起的皮肤相关不良反应是较为常见且早期出现的irAEs之一[26]。在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的患者中,最常见的皮肤反应是皮疹,主要表现为带丘疹或不带丘疹的红斑,通常影响四肢和躯干。瘙痒是最主要的症状[27]。史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解征是由药物引起的严重皮肤-黏膜反应,以水疱和泛发性表皮松解为特征,可能涉及多个系统。它们在临床上呈现不同程度的表皮损害,史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征表现为较轻的损害(<10%体表面积),而中毒性表皮坏死松解症为较重的损害(>30%体表面积),两者之间存在重叠型(10%~30%体表面积)[28]。由于史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症可导致大面积表皮损害,引发体温调节失常、电解质失衡、血容量变化以及重要脏器损伤,严重时可导致皮肤感染、败血症和感染性休克等并发症,因此,对这些患者的隔离治疗或在层流病房的治疗[29]是非常必要的。
本研究发现,信迪利单抗治疗中心肌炎的发生构成比为2.5%。心肌炎的典型生物标志物包括B型钠尿肽或氨基末端B型钠尿肽原、心肌肌钙蛋白和肌酸激酶,它们水平的升高是心肌炎的主要特征之一[30]。据文献[31]报道,抗PD-1抗体引起的心肌炎等高级别irAEs的发生率低于1%,但由于心力衰竭、心律失常或长期住院重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit,ICU)等并发症,导致死亡率高达46%。这表明信迪利单抗上市后心肌炎实际发生率远高于说明书所述,并且伴有较高的致死率。免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗过程中增加了肿瘤特异性T细胞的释放,同时也削弱了调节免疫耐受的信号,导致自反应效应细胞激活和心脏组织损伤。高剂量静脉注射甲基强的松龙(1 000 mg·d-1)和早期(24 h)使用皮质类固醇与改善免疫相关性心肌炎的预后有关[32]。特别需要注意的是,心脏毒性表现为早期发病、非特异性症状和暴发进展的特点,联合免疫治疗可能导致致命的免疫性心肌炎。因此,对早期毒性的监测和早期诊断至关重要[33],以便为患者及时制定合适的治疗方案并提供积极的治疗。
本研究发现,使用信迪利单抗治疗时出现皮疹和心肌炎的发生构成比较高,虽然基于ADRs为自愿报告病例,存在漏报和用药人群数量未知等因素,导致无法获得准确的不良反应发生率,但也提示需要密切监测患者,以预防严重皮肤反应和心肺疾病的发生。根据统计分析,应特别关注用药后24 h后的ADRs情况,并在用药的第2~6周期内密切监测ADRs的变化,因为在这些时期,严重ADRs的风险较高。针对联合仑伐替尼用药引起心肌梗死和糖尿病酮症酸中毒的新安全性信号的出现,在临床使用时应予以关注。另外对非适应证用药肿瘤患者须做好安全用药监测,关注可能出现的严重ADRs。在治疗期间内,免疫治疗前期应加强对肝功能的监测,尤其关注皮肤反应、血液学毒性及心肌损伤;在治疗阶段结束后加强随访患者的免疫相关的肺部疾病以及甲状腺、垂体等内分泌疾病和糖尿病酮症酸中毒情况。在食管癌、胃癌及胃食管交界处癌应按体质量给予药物剂量,存在过量使用药物导致ADRs发生的情况,需引起临床注意,按照说明书的推荐剂量给药。
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2024年第59卷第18期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.011
  • 接收时间:2024-02-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-09-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-07
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    1 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所药剂科, 恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 100142
    2 北京市药品不良反应监测中心, 北京 101117

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* 张艳华,女,学士,主任药师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel:(010)88196206
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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